Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a...Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a low body weight group(68 cases),a normal weight group(355 cases),an overweight group(65 cases),and an obesity group(12 cases)according to the World Health Organization(WHO)Body Mass Index(BMI)classification guidelines Results:Comparison of weight gain during different pregnancies revealed that pregnant women were mainly of low weight and average weight.The higher the BMI before pregnancy,the higher the incidence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy.The incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and premature rupture of membranes in women with low weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with average weight gain and high weight gain(P<0.05).The incidences of gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and anemia in women with high weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with low weight gain and average weight gain(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal birth weight,fetal distress,and macrosomia in the high weight gain group was significantly higher than those in the low weight gain and average weight gain groups(P<0.05).The birth weight of newborns in low-weight gain mothers was significantly lower than that of normal-weight gain mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:Poor maternal and infant outcomes were common in women with insufficient or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.Therefore,for women with twin pregnancies,weight management is crucial to ensure maternal and infant health.展开更多
Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, ...Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.展开更多
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongo...The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongolia.Total 40 sheep,allowed free consumption of MUS after grazing,served as a treatment group,while 30 sheep,fed only by pasture grazing,served as a control group.Ruminal fermentation parameters,consisted of p H,Bacterial Crude Protein(BCP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N)were measured.In addition,numbers of fi ve symbiotic bacteria were investigated.The results showed as follows:the average daily weight gain,concentration of NH_3-N and numbers of protozoa were signifi cantly higher(p<0.05)in the treatment group than those in the control group.Contrastingly,no signifi cant difference was found in BCP concentration and p H between the two groups.At the end of the experiment,the populations of Selenomonas ruminantium,Anaerovibrio lipolytica,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus fl aveciens and Ruminococcus albus in the treatment group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).These results demonstrated that greater weight gain could be induced during winter in Inner Mongolia by improved nutritional status through promotion of microbial populations using urea and sugar.展开更多
Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and gestational weight gain(GWG)are important risk factors that are known to affect offspring growth,but these outcomes are inconsistent and it remains unknown if both risk ...Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and gestational weight gain(GWG)are important risk factors that are known to affect offspring growth,but these outcomes are inconsistent and it remains unknown if both risk factors have a synergetic effect on early childhood growth.The present study aimed to conduct offspring body mass index-for-age Z-scores(BMIZ)trajectories and to evaluate the independent and interactive effect of the status of GDM and excessive GWG on the risks of overweight/obesity from birth to 24 months of age.Methods A total of 7949 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this study.The weight and length of children were measured at birth,6,12,and 24 months of age to calculate BMIZ.Results The status of GDM was positively associated with offspring BMIZ and risk of macrosomia at birth but was not associated with offspring BMIZ or the risks of overweight/obesity at 6,12,and 24 months of age.In contrast,excessive GWG was positively linked to offspring BMIZ,the stable high BMIZ trajectory pattern,and risks of overweight/obesity in the first 24 months of age.These two risk factors also had a significant synergistic effect on macrosomia at birth,but the interactive effect was only significant in boys during the follow-up years in the sex-stratified analyses.Conclusion The maternal GWG was a more pronounced predictor than GDM with relation to BMIZ and risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood.The interactive effect between these risk factors on offspring overweight/obesity may vary by sex.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis...Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis of literature collected from three e-databases:Scopus,PubMed,and Science Direct.Quality assessment was measured with the Effective Public Health Practice Project methods.Meta-analysis was done by calculating the fixed and random-effects of odds ratio(OR)for each BMI category and gestational weight gain as compared with the incidence of preeclampsia.Results:Overweight was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.152,95%CI 1.363-3.400;P=0.001).Obesity was also associated with a noticeably increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.856,95%CI 1.755-4.649;P<0.001).Meanwhile,underweight was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preeclampsia(OR=0.639,95%CI 0.500-0.817;P<0.001)when compared with normal BMI.Pregnant women who gained weight below the standard throughout pregnancy was a protective factor from preeclampsia(OR=0.813,95%CI 0.610-1.083;P=0.157)whereas pregnant women who gained weight above the standard had almost doubled risk of preeclampsia(OR=1.850,95%CI 1.377-2.485;P<0.001).Conclusions:The result of this study affirms the role of overweight-obesity pre-pregnancy,and gestational weight gain above the standard during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing preeclampsia.展开更多
Purpose:To design interdialytic and daily weight gain graphs for patients on maintenance haemodialysis and to evaluate their effect on patient adherence to restricted fluid intake.Methods:Forty-five patients on mainte...Purpose:To design interdialytic and daily weight gain graphs for patients on maintenance haemodialysis and to evaluate their effect on patient adherence to restricted fluid intake.Methods:Forty-five patients on maintenance haemodialysis were recruited from August to October 2012.The graphs were applied for 12 weeks based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory.Adherence to restricted fluid intake,dialysis adequacy,and satisfaction were compared before and after the graphs were applied.Results:Adherence to restricted fluid intake increased from 53.3%to 91.1%;the mean rate of urea clearance(Kt/V)decreased from 1.197 to 1.311,and the qualified rate increased from 42.5%to 70%.The rate of adherence was 86.77%;acceptance and satisfaction rates were 100%.Conclusion:It is acceptable to apply the graphs clinically for subsequent effective improvement of adherence to restricted fluid intake,promoting dialysis adequacy,and increasing patient satisfaction.Therefore,clinical application of the graphs is worthwhile.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of family history of diabetes mellitus,Gestational Weight Gain(GWG)and Body Mass Index(BMI)before pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM).Method:82 pregnant women with GDM ...Objective:To investigate the effects of family history of diabetes mellitus,Gestational Weight Gain(GWG)and Body Mass Index(BMI)before pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM).Method:82 pregnant women with GDM who were hospitalized and delivered in the obstetrics department of our hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 were selected as the observation group,and 60 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test in the same period were selected as the control group;The relationship between family history of diabetes,weight gain during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and GDM were analyzed.Results:The age,pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the family history of diabetes and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:It is suggested that family history of diabetes is related to gestational diabetes mellitus.Excessive GWG growth during pregnancy and high Body Mass Index before pregnancy may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women.展开更多
Weight gain occurs in the majority of women following breast cancer treatment. An overview of studies describing weight gain amongst women treated with early to modern chemotherapy regimens is included. Populations at...Weight gain occurs in the majority of women following breast cancer treatment. An overview of studies describing weight gain amongst women treated with early to modern chemotherapy regimens is included. Populations at higher risk include women who are younger, closer to ideal body weight and who have been treated with chemotherapy. Weight gain ranges between 1 to 5 kg, and may be associated with change in body composition with gain in fat mass and loss in lean body mass. Women are unlikely to return to pre-diagnosis weight. Possible mechanisms including inactivity and metabolic changes are explored. Potential interventions are reviewed including exercise, dietary changes andpharmacologic agents. Although breast cancer prognosis does not appear to be significantly impacted, weight gain has negative consequences on quality of life and overall health. Future studies should explore change in body composition, metabolism and insulin resistance. Avoiding weight gain in breast cancer survivors following initial diagnosis and treatment should be encouraged.展开更多
AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of...AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of 1384 middle-aged adults not meeting metabolic syndrome(MetS)criteria at the initial screening were included in our analysis.Baseline data such as MetS-components and lifestyle factors were collected in 2002.Body weight and MetS-components were measured in both 2002 and 2007.Participants were classified according to proximal quartiles of weight gain(WG)in percentages(%WG≤1%,1%< %WG≤5%,5%<%WG≤10%and%WG>10%, defined as:control,mild-WG,moderate-WG and severe-WG groups,respectively)at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate models were used to assess the association between MetS outcome and excessive WG in the total population,as well as in both genders. RESULTS:In total,175(12.6%)participants fulfilled MetS criteria within five years.In comparison to the control group,mild-WG adults had an insignificant risk for MetS development while adults having moderate-WG had a 3.0-fold increased risk for progression to MetS [95%confidence interval(CI),1.8-5.1],and this risk was increased 5.4-fold(95%CI,3.0-9.7)in subjects having severe-WG.For females having moderate-and severe-WG,the risk for developing MetS was 3.6(95% CI,1.03-12.4)and 5.5(95%CI,1.4-21.4),respectively. For males having moderate-and severe-WG,the odds ratio for MetS outcome was respectively 3.0(95%CI, 1.6-5.5)and 5.2(95%CI,2.6-10.2). CONCLUSION:For early-middle-aged healthy adults with a five-year weight gain over 5%,the severity of weight gain is related to the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.展开更多
The objective was to describe the maternofetal outcome of childbirth in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study over a period of 03 months in the Obstetrics D...The objective was to describe the maternofetal outcome of childbirth in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study over a period of 03 months in the Obstetrics Department of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (HLD). Our study population consisted of any pregnant in labor or waiting for a caesarean section. We compared two groups of pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy (exposed) and those without excessive weight gain during pregnancy (unexposed). We recorded 240 pregnant women who gave birth at the HLD maternity, 59 of whom had excessive weight gain during pregnancy, which gave us a proportion of 24.6%. The only sociodemographic characteristic associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy was the married marital status of the pregnant women (OR: 2.0 (1.1 - 3.8) P = 0.023). Pregnant women with maternal complications associated with excessive weight gain had an average elevated uterine height of 35.4 (P = 0.007). The increase in caesarean section rate (P = 0.094) and the onset of pregnancy-related hypertension (HTA) showed differences close to significance (P = 0.063). Mean birth weight was higher (P = 0.023) in pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Ultimately, excessive weight gain during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. It promotes the onset of pregnancy HTA and macrosomia.展开更多
B vitamins are enzyme cofactors that play an important role in energy metabolism.The aim of this study was to elucidate whether B vitamin administration can reduce body weight(BW) gain by improving energy metabolism-r...B vitamins are enzyme cofactors that play an important role in energy metabolism.The aim of this study was to elucidate whether B vitamin administration can reduce body weight(BW) gain by improving energy metabolism-related enzyme activities in rats fed on a highfat diet.Fifty rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups:control group(C),including rats fed on standard rat chow;four treatment groups(H0,H1,H2,and H3),in which rats were fed on a high-fat diet.Rats in the H1 group were treated daily with 100 mg/kg BW thiamine(VB1),100 mg/kg BW riboflavin(VB2),and 250 mg/kg BW niacin(VPP);rats in the H2 group were treated daily with 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine(VB6),100 mg/kg BW cobalamin(VB12),and 5 mg/kg BW folate(FA);and rats in the H3 group were treated daily with all of the B vitamins administered to the H1 and H2 groups.After 12 weeks,the BW gains from the initial value were 154.5±58.4 g and 159.1±53.0 g in the H1 and C groups,respectively,which were significantly less than the changes in the H0 group(285.2±14.8 g,P<0.05).In the H0 group,the plasma total cholesterol(CHO) and triglyceride(TG) levels were 1.59±0.30 mmol/L and 1.55±0.40 mmol/L,respectively,which were significantly greater than those in the H1 group(1.19±0.18 mmol/L and 0.76±0.34 mmol/L,respectively,P<0.05).The activities of transketolase(TK),glutathione reductase,and Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase were significantly increased in the B vitamin-treated groups and were significantly greater than those in the H0 group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,pyruvic acid kinase,and succinate dehydrogenase activities also were increased after treatment with B vitamins.Supplementation with B vitamins could effectively reduce BW gain and plasma levels of lipids by improving energy metabolism-related enzyme activities in rats,thus possibly providing potential benefits to humans.展开更多
The obesity epidemic gathers growing media attention recently, as overweight and obesity’s prevalence keeps rising. This comes along with an increase in the intake of artificial sweeteners in food products. A causal ...The obesity epidemic gathers growing media attention recently, as overweight and obesity’s prevalence keeps rising. This comes along with an increase in the intake of artificial sweeteners in food products. A causal relationship between the consumption of sweeteners and obesity is so far not clear in the medical literature. This paper describes the development of artificial sweeteners in a historical context. It collects epidemiological and experimental evidence that possibly relates the use of artificial sweeteners with weight gain. Finally, these effects are explained based on the neuroscience of food reward, the possible effects of glucose on the metabolism and the association between sweeteners and gut microbiota.展开更多
Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breas...Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breastfeeding, and childhood asthma. The advantage of qualitative research is it can provide valuable insights for health care professionals into the experience and perceptions of low gestational weight gain from the vantage point of women with first-hand lived experience. In this Heideggarian interpretive phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with low gestational weight gain were explored. Data were collected through interviews with 10 pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. Conroy’s pathway for interpretive phenomenology was utilized. A hermeneutical spiral of interpretation identified six patterns or major themes: confronting one’s mortality;defending oneself against a permanent metamorphosis into a stranger;playing with fire and brimstone;slipping under the radar;trying to find peace;and riding an emotional roller coaster. The findings point to a war that is being waged over pregnant bodies with respect to weight that leaves pregnant women fending for themselves, apparently with little help from their health care providers. Implications of the findings for health practice, education, and research are discussed.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of duck hepatitis virus-1(DHV-1) on the body weight gain in duck and the effects of silymarin on it in vivo,100 10-d-old ducks,both male and female,were collected to be subjected to the test.Th...To evaluate the effects of duck hepatitis virus-1(DHV-1) on the body weight gain in duck and the effects of silymarin on it in vivo,100 10-d-old ducks,both male and female,were collected to be subjected to the test.The experiments were conducted in 8 groups:in group 1-3,the animals were inoculated with 1:105 diluted duck hepatitis virus(DHV-1) infected allantoic fluid and given 0,30,and 50 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin orally,respectively.In group 4-6,the animals were inoculated with 1:5 × 105 diluted DHV-1 infected allantoic fluid and given 0,10,and 30 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin orally,respectively.In group 7,the animals were given 10 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin only.Group 8 was the control one treated by injecting sterillized saline into the leg muscles.All the silymarin was given from 0 to 4 d after inoculation of the virus.By the 5th d after inoculation,the vein blood was drawn from the dorsal foot vein and the plasma samples were collected and stored at-20°C.The body weight gain(BWG) was measured from 0 to 10 d after inoculation.The plasma IGF-I,T3,and T4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).At the virus dose of 1:5 × 105 diluted virus infected allantoic fluid,the inoculation of the virus enhanced the BWG significantly compared with that of the control(P < 0.01),while 10-50 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin could counteract the effects of the virus on the BWG dose-dependently.The plasma IGF-I levels showed no correlation with the BWG,but the T3 levels showed a same tropism with the body weight gain.The present results indicated that sublethal DHV-1 enhanced the body weight gain of ducklings significantly,and the silymarin could counteract this effect in vivo.展开更多
In the present study,Pleurotus eryngii residue was added into conventional feed of Chai chicks and meat-type ducks at different ratios to measure its effects on the production performance of chicks and ducks. The resu...In the present study,Pleurotus eryngii residue was added into conventional feed of Chai chicks and meat-type ducks at different ratios to measure its effects on the production performance of chicks and ducks. The results revealed that the growth performance of chicks and ducks was the best when 20% Pleurotus eryngii residue was added into the feed. Under such condition,the daily weight gain of 8-11 and 12-15-week-old Chai chicks was increased by 6. 8% and13. 5%,and that of 8-11 and 12-15-week-old ducks was increased by 11. 5% and 19. 3%,respectively.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Interdialytic weight-gain (IDWG) has been linked to various complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. <strong>Method:</strong> Prospective clinical-observation...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Interdialytic weight-gain (IDWG) has been linked to various complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. <strong>Method:</strong> Prospective clinical-observational study to evaluate the effect of IDWG in HD patients on the rate of hospital admissions over a 12-month period, and the impact of high IDWG on the frequency of IDH. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 240 patients, those who had IDWG ≥ 4%, 81% had at least one hospital admission due to volume-overload or the need for extra HD-session(s). On the other hand, only 19% of those having IDWG < 4% had been admitted or got extra HD sessions (p < 0.001). Of those who were admitted (over 12 months) due to volume overload;74.1% had IDWG ≥ 4%, while 25.9% had IDWG < 4% (p < 0.001). Regarding IDH, 87% of patients having IDWG ≥ 4% had at least one episode of IDH/week. On the other hand, only 22.5% of those with IDWG < 4% had one episode of IDH/week (p < 0.001). When analyzing those who had at least one IDH episode/week;72.9% of them had IDWG ≥ 4%, while only 27.1% had IDWG < 4% (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In HD patients, the frequency of hospital admission due to volume-overload and the need for extra HD-sessions is strongly related to the amount of IDWG (>4% in our patients), the same stands for the frequency of IDH. Thus, control of IDWG in HD patients is of great importance, keeping in mind the importance of the nutrition status of HD patients that may also impact IDWG.展开更多
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of excessive weight gain during pregnancy on the outcome of cesarean delivery. It was a cohort study comparing the outcome of cesarean delivery between 56 pregnant...The objective of this study was to assess the effects of excessive weight gain during pregnancy on the outcome of cesarean delivery. It was a cohort study comparing the outcome of cesarean delivery between 56 pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and 75 pregnant women with no excessive weight gain during pregnancy, consecutively recruited at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon. In women delivered by cesarean section, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was found to predispose to: time interval from parietal incision to fetal extraction of more than five minutes, duration of cesarean section more than 60 minutes, blood loss more than 1000 ml during surgery, post-operative maternal complications, especially sepsis, fetal weight >3.5 kg and macrosomia. A systematic screening of excessive weight gain should be offered to all pregnant women, so as to prevent the adverse effects of excessive gestational weight gain on cesarean outcome.展开更多
Background Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG)is a crucial factor for the medication cessation of patients with schizophrenia.Multiple studies have shown that the functional polymorphism-759 C/T(rs3813929)in the H...Background Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG)is a crucial factor for the medication cessation of patients with schizophrenia.Multiple studies have shown that the functional polymorphism-759 C/T(rs3813929)in the HTR2C promoter region could possibly be correlated with AIWG.Aim To evaluate the genetic association of the HTR2C-759C/T polymorphism and AIWG in patients with schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs(APDs)administration.Methods Eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases:PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China Nation Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang Data,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM)and the Airiti Library.The quality of studies was evaluated based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The pooled OR and 95%Cl were calculated for the dominant(CT/TT/T vs CC/C)mode,and subgroup analyses were performed based on ethnicity,antipsychotic medication and gender;ail statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software STATA V.12.0.Result A total of 17 studies with 3170 patients with schizophrenia were included in our meta-analysis.The result of the meta-analysis has shown that the association between the-759 C/T polymorphism and AIWG is statistically significant(OR 0.34,95%Cl:0.20 to 0.57,z=4.11,p<0.001).The subgroup analyses revealed significant correlations between the-759 C/T polymorphism and AIWG in the Caucasian population(OR 0.33,95%CI:0.14 to 0.77,z=2.55,p=0.011),the Asian population(OR 0.31,95%Cl:0.18 to 0.52,z=4.46,p<0.001),the patients with APDs administration(CT/JTfJ vs CC/C:OR 0.63,95%Cl:0.40 to 1.00,z=1.97,p=0.049)and the patients with atypical antipsychotic drug administration(CT/TT/T vs CC/C:OR 0.21,95%Cl:0.09 to 0.47,z=3.83,p<0.001).The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.Begg's test(after correction z=1.07,p=0.287)and Egger's test(t=-2.41,p=0.029)show that the included articles have no significant publication bias.Conclusion There is a significant genetic association between HTR2C-759C/T and AIWG,and patients with T allele are less likely to have AIWG.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms of the decreasing fluid and food consumption following Hibiscus sabdariffa(HS) consumption.Methods:On the 1st day of pregnancy,rats were randomly divided into three gro...Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms of the decreasing fluid and food consumption following Hibiscus sabdariffa(HS) consumption.Methods:On the 1st day of pregnancy,rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals per each group.One group was given tap water,one was given with extract at 0.6 g/100 mL while the third group was given with extract at 1.8 g/100 mL as their drinking solution.All groups received normal rat chow and drinking solution ad libitum.Fluid& food intake and weight were measured daily throughout pregnancy and Na^+ concentration in plasma was determined on the 18th day of pregnancy.Results:Results showed decreased fluid and food consumption,decreased weight gain and increased sodium ion concentration in plasma of rats with HS extract compared with the control group.Conclusions: Consumption of aqueous extract of the calyx of HS during pregnancy decreases food consumption and weight gain through mechanisms that may depend on Na^+ in HS content and elevating Na^+ concentration.展开更多
AIM: To suggest a novel retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) screening model in developing countries incorporating postnatal weight gain ratios(PWGR) to traditional parameters to maintain sensitivity and improve specificit...AIM: To suggest a novel retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) screening model in developing countries incorporating postnatal weight gain ratios(PWGR) to traditional parameters to maintain sensitivity and improve specificity in detecting ROP. METHODS: Analysis of weekly PWGR of infants from one tertiary referral center during six months to determine the age at which the PWGR with the highest predictability for ROP development which was referred to as the postnatal net weight gain ratio(NWGR). NWGR was added to conventional criteria to describe a new model(The Alex-ROP model). RESULTS: Of 560 infants were included. NWGR 28 d after birth was the most predictive factor for the development of ROP. A new model Alex-ROP recommending screening infants with gestational age(GA) ≤33 wk or birth weight ≤1500 g and NWGR at 28 d after birth <0.3 was suggested. A second screening model referred to as High-grade AlexROP(Hg Alex-ROP) model to detect worse grade ROP(Both type 1 and type 2) recommending a cutoff point of NWGR <0.15 between birth and 28^(th) day. CONCLUSION: Both Alex-ROP and Hg Alex-ROP models are easy to apply to improve the specificity of ROP screening in developing countries while maintaining high sensitivity.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a low body weight group(68 cases),a normal weight group(355 cases),an overweight group(65 cases),and an obesity group(12 cases)according to the World Health Organization(WHO)Body Mass Index(BMI)classification guidelines Results:Comparison of weight gain during different pregnancies revealed that pregnant women were mainly of low weight and average weight.The higher the BMI before pregnancy,the higher the incidence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy.The incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and premature rupture of membranes in women with low weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with average weight gain and high weight gain(P<0.05).The incidences of gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and anemia in women with high weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with low weight gain and average weight gain(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal birth weight,fetal distress,and macrosomia in the high weight gain group was significantly higher than those in the low weight gain and average weight gain groups(P<0.05).The birth weight of newborns in low-weight gain mothers was significantly lower than that of normal-weight gain mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:Poor maternal and infant outcomes were common in women with insufficient or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.Therefore,for women with twin pregnancies,weight management is crucial to ensure maternal and infant health.
文摘Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31460615)the Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System(CARS-39)
文摘The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongolia.Total 40 sheep,allowed free consumption of MUS after grazing,served as a treatment group,while 30 sheep,fed only by pasture grazing,served as a control group.Ruminal fermentation parameters,consisted of p H,Bacterial Crude Protein(BCP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N)were measured.In addition,numbers of fi ve symbiotic bacteria were investigated.The results showed as follows:the average daily weight gain,concentration of NH_3-N and numbers of protozoa were signifi cantly higher(p<0.05)in the treatment group than those in the control group.Contrastingly,no signifi cant difference was found in BCP concentration and p H between the two groups.At the end of the experiment,the populations of Selenomonas ruminantium,Anaerovibrio lipolytica,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus fl aveciens and Ruminococcus albus in the treatment group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).These results demonstrated that greater weight gain could be induced during winter in Inner Mongolia by improved nutritional status through promotion of microbial populations using urea and sugar.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015ZDTD047,No.2016YXZD043 and No.2018KFYXMPT00)Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(No.2018QYTD12)Grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFC0206203).
文摘Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and gestational weight gain(GWG)are important risk factors that are known to affect offspring growth,but these outcomes are inconsistent and it remains unknown if both risk factors have a synergetic effect on early childhood growth.The present study aimed to conduct offspring body mass index-for-age Z-scores(BMIZ)trajectories and to evaluate the independent and interactive effect of the status of GDM and excessive GWG on the risks of overweight/obesity from birth to 24 months of age.Methods A total of 7949 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this study.The weight and length of children were measured at birth,6,12,and 24 months of age to calculate BMIZ.Results The status of GDM was positively associated with offspring BMIZ and risk of macrosomia at birth but was not associated with offspring BMIZ or the risks of overweight/obesity at 6,12,and 24 months of age.In contrast,excessive GWG was positively linked to offspring BMIZ,the stable high BMIZ trajectory pattern,and risks of overweight/obesity in the first 24 months of age.These two risk factors also had a significant synergistic effect on macrosomia at birth,but the interactive effect was only significant in boys during the follow-up years in the sex-stratified analyses.Conclusion The maternal GWG was a more pronounced predictor than GDM with relation to BMIZ and risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood.The interactive effect between these risk factors on offspring overweight/obesity may vary by sex.
文摘Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis of literature collected from three e-databases:Scopus,PubMed,and Science Direct.Quality assessment was measured with the Effective Public Health Practice Project methods.Meta-analysis was done by calculating the fixed and random-effects of odds ratio(OR)for each BMI category and gestational weight gain as compared with the incidence of preeclampsia.Results:Overweight was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.152,95%CI 1.363-3.400;P=0.001).Obesity was also associated with a noticeably increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.856,95%CI 1.755-4.649;P<0.001).Meanwhile,underweight was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preeclampsia(OR=0.639,95%CI 0.500-0.817;P<0.001)when compared with normal BMI.Pregnant women who gained weight below the standard throughout pregnancy was a protective factor from preeclampsia(OR=0.813,95%CI 0.610-1.083;P=0.157)whereas pregnant women who gained weight above the standard had almost doubled risk of preeclampsia(OR=1.850,95%CI 1.377-2.485;P<0.001).Conclusions:The result of this study affirms the role of overweight-obesity pre-pregnancy,and gestational weight gain above the standard during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing preeclampsia.
文摘Purpose:To design interdialytic and daily weight gain graphs for patients on maintenance haemodialysis and to evaluate their effect on patient adherence to restricted fluid intake.Methods:Forty-five patients on maintenance haemodialysis were recruited from August to October 2012.The graphs were applied for 12 weeks based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory.Adherence to restricted fluid intake,dialysis adequacy,and satisfaction were compared before and after the graphs were applied.Results:Adherence to restricted fluid intake increased from 53.3%to 91.1%;the mean rate of urea clearance(Kt/V)decreased from 1.197 to 1.311,and the qualified rate increased from 42.5%to 70%.The rate of adherence was 86.77%;acceptance and satisfaction rates were 100%.Conclusion:It is acceptable to apply the graphs clinically for subsequent effective improvement of adherence to restricted fluid intake,promoting dialysis adequacy,and increasing patient satisfaction.Therefore,clinical application of the graphs is worthwhile.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of family history of diabetes mellitus,Gestational Weight Gain(GWG)and Body Mass Index(BMI)before pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM).Method:82 pregnant women with GDM who were hospitalized and delivered in the obstetrics department of our hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 were selected as the observation group,and 60 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test in the same period were selected as the control group;The relationship between family history of diabetes,weight gain during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and GDM were analyzed.Results:The age,pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the family history of diabetes and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:It is suggested that family history of diabetes is related to gestational diabetes mellitus.Excessive GWG growth during pregnancy and high Body Mass Index before pregnancy may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women.
文摘Weight gain occurs in the majority of women following breast cancer treatment. An overview of studies describing weight gain amongst women treated with early to modern chemotherapy regimens is included. Populations at higher risk include women who are younger, closer to ideal body weight and who have been treated with chemotherapy. Weight gain ranges between 1 to 5 kg, and may be associated with change in body composition with gain in fat mass and loss in lean body mass. Women are unlikely to return to pre-diagnosis weight. Possible mechanisms including inactivity and metabolic changes are explored. Potential interventions are reviewed including exercise, dietary changes andpharmacologic agents. Although breast cancer prognosis does not appear to be significantly impacted, weight gain has negative consequences on quality of life and overall health. Future studies should explore change in body composition, metabolism and insulin resistance. Avoiding weight gain in breast cancer survivors following initial diagnosis and treatment should be encouraged.
文摘AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of 1384 middle-aged adults not meeting metabolic syndrome(MetS)criteria at the initial screening were included in our analysis.Baseline data such as MetS-components and lifestyle factors were collected in 2002.Body weight and MetS-components were measured in both 2002 and 2007.Participants were classified according to proximal quartiles of weight gain(WG)in percentages(%WG≤1%,1%< %WG≤5%,5%<%WG≤10%and%WG>10%, defined as:control,mild-WG,moderate-WG and severe-WG groups,respectively)at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate models were used to assess the association between MetS outcome and excessive WG in the total population,as well as in both genders. RESULTS:In total,175(12.6%)participants fulfilled MetS criteria within five years.In comparison to the control group,mild-WG adults had an insignificant risk for MetS development while adults having moderate-WG had a 3.0-fold increased risk for progression to MetS [95%confidence interval(CI),1.8-5.1],and this risk was increased 5.4-fold(95%CI,3.0-9.7)in subjects having severe-WG.For females having moderate-and severe-WG,the risk for developing MetS was 3.6(95% CI,1.03-12.4)and 5.5(95%CI,1.4-21.4),respectively. For males having moderate-and severe-WG,the odds ratio for MetS outcome was respectively 3.0(95%CI, 1.6-5.5)and 5.2(95%CI,2.6-10.2). CONCLUSION:For early-middle-aged healthy adults with a five-year weight gain over 5%,the severity of weight gain is related to the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.
文摘The objective was to describe the maternofetal outcome of childbirth in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study over a period of 03 months in the Obstetrics Department of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (HLD). Our study population consisted of any pregnant in labor or waiting for a caesarean section. We compared two groups of pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy (exposed) and those without excessive weight gain during pregnancy (unexposed). We recorded 240 pregnant women who gave birth at the HLD maternity, 59 of whom had excessive weight gain during pregnancy, which gave us a proportion of 24.6%. The only sociodemographic characteristic associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy was the married marital status of the pregnant women (OR: 2.0 (1.1 - 3.8) P = 0.023). Pregnant women with maternal complications associated with excessive weight gain had an average elevated uterine height of 35.4 (P = 0.007). The increase in caesarean section rate (P = 0.094) and the onset of pregnancy-related hypertension (HTA) showed differences close to significance (P = 0.063). Mean birth weight was higher (P = 0.023) in pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Ultimately, excessive weight gain during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. It promotes the onset of pregnancy HTA and macrosomia.
文摘B vitamins are enzyme cofactors that play an important role in energy metabolism.The aim of this study was to elucidate whether B vitamin administration can reduce body weight(BW) gain by improving energy metabolism-related enzyme activities in rats fed on a highfat diet.Fifty rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups:control group(C),including rats fed on standard rat chow;four treatment groups(H0,H1,H2,and H3),in which rats were fed on a high-fat diet.Rats in the H1 group were treated daily with 100 mg/kg BW thiamine(VB1),100 mg/kg BW riboflavin(VB2),and 250 mg/kg BW niacin(VPP);rats in the H2 group were treated daily with 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine(VB6),100 mg/kg BW cobalamin(VB12),and 5 mg/kg BW folate(FA);and rats in the H3 group were treated daily with all of the B vitamins administered to the H1 and H2 groups.After 12 weeks,the BW gains from the initial value were 154.5±58.4 g and 159.1±53.0 g in the H1 and C groups,respectively,which were significantly less than the changes in the H0 group(285.2±14.8 g,P<0.05).In the H0 group,the plasma total cholesterol(CHO) and triglyceride(TG) levels were 1.59±0.30 mmol/L and 1.55±0.40 mmol/L,respectively,which were significantly greater than those in the H1 group(1.19±0.18 mmol/L and 0.76±0.34 mmol/L,respectively,P<0.05).The activities of transketolase(TK),glutathione reductase,and Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase were significantly increased in the B vitamin-treated groups and were significantly greater than those in the H0 group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,pyruvic acid kinase,and succinate dehydrogenase activities also were increased after treatment with B vitamins.Supplementation with B vitamins could effectively reduce BW gain and plasma levels of lipids by improving energy metabolism-related enzyme activities in rats,thus possibly providing potential benefits to humans.
文摘The obesity epidemic gathers growing media attention recently, as overweight and obesity’s prevalence keeps rising. This comes along with an increase in the intake of artificial sweeteners in food products. A causal relationship between the consumption of sweeteners and obesity is so far not clear in the medical literature. This paper describes the development of artificial sweeteners in a historical context. It collects epidemiological and experimental evidence that possibly relates the use of artificial sweeteners with weight gain. Finally, these effects are explained based on the neuroscience of food reward, the possible effects of glucose on the metabolism and the association between sweeteners and gut microbiota.
文摘Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breastfeeding, and childhood asthma. The advantage of qualitative research is it can provide valuable insights for health care professionals into the experience and perceptions of low gestational weight gain from the vantage point of women with first-hand lived experience. In this Heideggarian interpretive phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with low gestational weight gain were explored. Data were collected through interviews with 10 pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. Conroy’s pathway for interpretive phenomenology was utilized. A hermeneutical spiral of interpretation identified six patterns or major themes: confronting one’s mortality;defending oneself against a permanent metamorphosis into a stranger;playing with fire and brimstone;slipping under the radar;trying to find peace;and riding an emotional roller coaster. The findings point to a war that is being waged over pregnant bodies with respect to weight that leaves pregnant women fending for themselves, apparently with little help from their health care providers. Implications of the findings for health practice, education, and research are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30571341)Foshan Science and Technology Development Programme,China(04040111)
文摘To evaluate the effects of duck hepatitis virus-1(DHV-1) on the body weight gain in duck and the effects of silymarin on it in vivo,100 10-d-old ducks,both male and female,were collected to be subjected to the test.The experiments were conducted in 8 groups:in group 1-3,the animals were inoculated with 1:105 diluted duck hepatitis virus(DHV-1) infected allantoic fluid and given 0,30,and 50 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin orally,respectively.In group 4-6,the animals were inoculated with 1:5 × 105 diluted DHV-1 infected allantoic fluid and given 0,10,and 30 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin orally,respectively.In group 7,the animals were given 10 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin only.Group 8 was the control one treated by injecting sterillized saline into the leg muscles.All the silymarin was given from 0 to 4 d after inoculation of the virus.By the 5th d after inoculation,the vein blood was drawn from the dorsal foot vein and the plasma samples were collected and stored at-20°C.The body weight gain(BWG) was measured from 0 to 10 d after inoculation.The plasma IGF-I,T3,and T4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).At the virus dose of 1:5 × 105 diluted virus infected allantoic fluid,the inoculation of the virus enhanced the BWG significantly compared with that of the control(P < 0.01),while 10-50 mg kg-1 BW d-1 silymarin could counteract the effects of the virus on the BWG dose-dependently.The plasma IGF-I levels showed no correlation with the BWG,but the T3 levels showed a same tropism with the body weight gain.The present results indicated that sublethal DHV-1 enhanced the body weight gain of ducklings significantly,and the silymarin could counteract this effect in vivo.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(2012BAD14B07-02)
文摘In the present study,Pleurotus eryngii residue was added into conventional feed of Chai chicks and meat-type ducks at different ratios to measure its effects on the production performance of chicks and ducks. The results revealed that the growth performance of chicks and ducks was the best when 20% Pleurotus eryngii residue was added into the feed. Under such condition,the daily weight gain of 8-11 and 12-15-week-old Chai chicks was increased by 6. 8% and13. 5%,and that of 8-11 and 12-15-week-old ducks was increased by 11. 5% and 19. 3%,respectively.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Interdialytic weight-gain (IDWG) has been linked to various complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. <strong>Method:</strong> Prospective clinical-observational study to evaluate the effect of IDWG in HD patients on the rate of hospital admissions over a 12-month period, and the impact of high IDWG on the frequency of IDH. <strong>Results:</strong> Of the 240 patients, those who had IDWG ≥ 4%, 81% had at least one hospital admission due to volume-overload or the need for extra HD-session(s). On the other hand, only 19% of those having IDWG < 4% had been admitted or got extra HD sessions (p < 0.001). Of those who were admitted (over 12 months) due to volume overload;74.1% had IDWG ≥ 4%, while 25.9% had IDWG < 4% (p < 0.001). Regarding IDH, 87% of patients having IDWG ≥ 4% had at least one episode of IDH/week. On the other hand, only 22.5% of those with IDWG < 4% had one episode of IDH/week (p < 0.001). When analyzing those who had at least one IDH episode/week;72.9% of them had IDWG ≥ 4%, while only 27.1% had IDWG < 4% (p < 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In HD patients, the frequency of hospital admission due to volume-overload and the need for extra HD-sessions is strongly related to the amount of IDWG (>4% in our patients), the same stands for the frequency of IDH. Thus, control of IDWG in HD patients is of great importance, keeping in mind the importance of the nutrition status of HD patients that may also impact IDWG.
文摘The objective of this study was to assess the effects of excessive weight gain during pregnancy on the outcome of cesarean delivery. It was a cohort study comparing the outcome of cesarean delivery between 56 pregnant women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and 75 pregnant women with no excessive weight gain during pregnancy, consecutively recruited at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon. In women delivered by cesarean section, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was found to predispose to: time interval from parietal incision to fetal extraction of more than five minutes, duration of cesarean section more than 60 minutes, blood loss more than 1000 ml during surgery, post-operative maternal complications, especially sepsis, fetal weight >3.5 kg and macrosomia. A systematic screening of excessive weight gain should be offered to all pregnant women, so as to prevent the adverse effects of excessive gestational weight gain on cesarean outcome.
基金This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771450)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(201540029).
文摘Background Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG)is a crucial factor for the medication cessation of patients with schizophrenia.Multiple studies have shown that the functional polymorphism-759 C/T(rs3813929)in the HTR2C promoter region could possibly be correlated with AIWG.Aim To evaluate the genetic association of the HTR2C-759C/T polymorphism and AIWG in patients with schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs(APDs)administration.Methods Eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases:PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China Nation Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang Data,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM)and the Airiti Library.The quality of studies was evaluated based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The pooled OR and 95%Cl were calculated for the dominant(CT/TT/T vs CC/C)mode,and subgroup analyses were performed based on ethnicity,antipsychotic medication and gender;ail statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software STATA V.12.0.Result A total of 17 studies with 3170 patients with schizophrenia were included in our meta-analysis.The result of the meta-analysis has shown that the association between the-759 C/T polymorphism and AIWG is statistically significant(OR 0.34,95%Cl:0.20 to 0.57,z=4.11,p<0.001).The subgroup analyses revealed significant correlations between the-759 C/T polymorphism and AIWG in the Caucasian population(OR 0.33,95%CI:0.14 to 0.77,z=2.55,p=0.011),the Asian population(OR 0.31,95%Cl:0.18 to 0.52,z=4.46,p<0.001),the patients with APDs administration(CT/JTfJ vs CC/C:OR 0.63,95%Cl:0.40 to 1.00,z=1.97,p=0.049)and the patients with atypical antipsychotic drug administration(CT/TT/T vs CC/C:OR 0.21,95%Cl:0.09 to 0.47,z=3.83,p<0.001).The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.Begg's test(after correction z=1.07,p=0.287)and Egger's test(t=-2.41,p=0.029)show that the included articles have no significant publication bias.Conclusion There is a significant genetic association between HTR2C-759C/T and AIWG,and patients with T allele are less likely to have AIWG.
文摘Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms of the decreasing fluid and food consumption following Hibiscus sabdariffa(HS) consumption.Methods:On the 1st day of pregnancy,rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals per each group.One group was given tap water,one was given with extract at 0.6 g/100 mL while the third group was given with extract at 1.8 g/100 mL as their drinking solution.All groups received normal rat chow and drinking solution ad libitum.Fluid& food intake and weight were measured daily throughout pregnancy and Na^+ concentration in plasma was determined on the 18th day of pregnancy.Results:Results showed decreased fluid and food consumption,decreased weight gain and increased sodium ion concentration in plasma of rats with HS extract compared with the control group.Conclusions: Consumption of aqueous extract of the calyx of HS during pregnancy decreases food consumption and weight gain through mechanisms that may depend on Na^+ in HS content and elevating Na^+ concentration.
文摘AIM: To suggest a novel retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) screening model in developing countries incorporating postnatal weight gain ratios(PWGR) to traditional parameters to maintain sensitivity and improve specificity in detecting ROP. METHODS: Analysis of weekly PWGR of infants from one tertiary referral center during six months to determine the age at which the PWGR with the highest predictability for ROP development which was referred to as the postnatal net weight gain ratio(NWGR). NWGR was added to conventional criteria to describe a new model(The Alex-ROP model). RESULTS: Of 560 infants were included. NWGR 28 d after birth was the most predictive factor for the development of ROP. A new model Alex-ROP recommending screening infants with gestational age(GA) ≤33 wk or birth weight ≤1500 g and NWGR at 28 d after birth <0.3 was suggested. A second screening model referred to as High-grade AlexROP(Hg Alex-ROP) model to detect worse grade ROP(Both type 1 and type 2) recommending a cutoff point of NWGR <0.15 between birth and 28^(th) day. CONCLUSION: Both Alex-ROP and Hg Alex-ROP models are easy to apply to improve the specificity of ROP screening in developing countries while maintaining high sensitivity.
