One of the major causes of congenital hypophosphatemic rickets is the X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XHR), due to a defect on PHEX gene. The XHR increases the renal elimination of phosphate, that condition leads a...One of the major causes of congenital hypophosphatemic rickets is the X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XHR), due to a defect on PHEX gene. The XHR increases the renal elimination of phosphate, that condition leads a defective mineralization of bones and also affects the growth in children. Clinical diagnosis should be suspected in children with signs of rickets and hypophosphatemia with normal calcium levels. We describe clinical characteristics and genetic results of four patients diagnosed and treated in our Nephrology Section. All patients have a “de novo” XHR as none familiars are affected. Early diagnosis should be suspected before the bone deformities have been submitted and the growth would have been impaired.展开更多
目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序...目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序,并针对可疑致病变异对家系所有成员进行PCR扩增,Sanger测序验证。预测变异的致病性及对蛋白质空间结构的影响。结果该家系共3代,先证者是一位26岁女性,先证者母亲、先证者及其儿子和女儿为患者,临床表现为O型腿、鸡胸、低磷血症,骨骼X线检查、生化检测、成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23)检测结果提示低血磷性佝偻病。临床全外显子组测序发现PHEX(NM_000444)c.2193dupT的插入移码杂合变异,该变异可导致编码第732位的天冬酰胺变异为终止密码子(p.N732*),从而出现了蛋白质截短。先证者的母亲、儿子及女儿PHEX基因均存在该变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)对变异的分类标准,分级为可能致病性变异。经查阅文献及查找人类基因突变数据库,该变异均未被报道或收录。结论本研究发现了一个PHEX新致病变异,为该家系的临床诊断和治疗及遗传咨询提供了实验依据。展开更多
目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中...目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中的临床价值。方法回顾性纳入2010年1月—2023年1月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院初诊为XLH的83例患儿,收集初诊及随访数据,探讨TmP/GFR与佝偻病严重程度、钙磷代谢指标及磷酸盐治疗量的相关性。根据是否发生肾钙质沉着症将患儿分为肾钙质沉着组(n=47)和非肾钙质沉着组(n=36),比较两组患儿的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的影响因素。使用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的预测价值。结果83例XLH患儿初诊时TmP/GFR为(0.78±0.21)mmol/L,个体差异很大(范围:0.28~1.24 mmol/L)。TmP/GFR与XLH患儿佝偻病严重程度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。甲状旁腺激素与TmP/GFR呈负相关(rs=-0.020,P=0.008),血磷(rs=0.384,P<0.001)、血钙(rs=0.251,P<0.001)及25羟维生素D(rs=0.179,P<0.001)与TmP/GFR呈正相关,TmP/GFR与碱性磷酸酶(rs=-0.002,P=0.960)及磷元素治疗剂量(rs=0.012,P=0.800)无显著相关性。肾钙质沉着组的血钙和TmP/GFR均明显低于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05),而甲状旁腺激素和尿钙浓度均明显高于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TmP/GFR和尿钙浓度与XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症密切相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TmP/GFR、尿钙浓度以及两者联合检测预测XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的曲线下面积分别为0.696、0.679、0.761。结论TmP/GFR可以作为诊断儿童XLH的一项重要指标,然而它并不具备反映佝偻病严重程度及活动性的能力,无法作为判断传统治疗疗效的指标。尿钙浓度和TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症具有良好的预测价值,可为临床评估XLH患儿发生肾钙质沉着症的风险提供参考。展开更多
Hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets or X-linked hypophosphatemia （XLH） is a rare hereditary metabolic disease manifesting marked hypophosphatemia, short stature and rickets. Its prevalence is approximately ...Hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets or X-linked hypophosphatemia （XLH） is a rare hereditary metabolic disease manifesting marked hypophosphatemia, short stature and rickets. Its prevalence is approximately 1 in 20 000. Except early exfoliation of the teeth, there are a few oral findings of XLH described in China. Here we present two cases in one family.展开更多
A decade ago, only two hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25（OH）2D, were widely recognized to direct-ly affect phosphate homeostasis. Since the discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 （FGF23） in 2000 （1）, our ...A decade ago, only two hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25（OH）2D, were widely recognized to direct-ly affect phosphate homeostasis. Since the discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 （FGF23） in 2000 （1）, our understanding of the mechanisms of phosphate homeostasis and of bone mineralization has grown exponentially. FGF23 is the link between intestine, bone, and kidney together in phosphate regulation. However, we still do not know the complex mechanism of phosphate homeostasis and bone mineralization. The physiological role of FGF23 is to regulate serum phosphate. Secreted mainly by osteocytes and osteo- blasts in the skeleton （2-3）, it modulates kidney handling of phosphate reabsorption and calcitriol produc-tion. Genetic and acquired abnormalities in FGF23 structure and metabolism cause conditions of either hyper-FGF23 or hypo-FGF23. Hyper-FGF23 is related to hypophosphatemia, while hypo-FGF23 is related to hyperphosphatemia. Both hyper-FGF23 and hypo-FGF23 are detrimentalto humans. In this review, we will discuss the vathovhvsiology of FGF23 and hvver-FGF23 related renal vhosvhate wasting disorders （4）.展开更多
Dentin matrix protein 1（DMP1） is essential to odontogenesis. Its mutations in human subjects lead to dental problems such as dental deformities, hypomineralization and periodontal impairment. Primarily, DMP1 is cons...Dentin matrix protein 1（DMP1） is essential to odontogenesis. Its mutations in human subjects lead to dental problems such as dental deformities, hypomineralization and periodontal impairment. Primarily, DMP1 is considered as an extracellular matrix protein that promotes hydroxyapatite formation and activates intracellular signaling pathway via interacting with avb3 integrin. Recent in vitro studies suggested that DMP1 might also act as a transcription factor. In this study, we examined whether full-length DMP1 could function as a transcription factor in the nucleus and regulate odontogenesis in vivo. We first demonstrated that a patient with the DMP1M1 V mutation, which presumably causes a loss of the secretory DMP1 but does not affect the nuclear translocation of DMP1, shows a typical rachitic tooth defect. Furthermore, we generated transgenic mice expressingNLSDMP1, in which the endoplasmic reticulum（ER） entry signal sequence of DMP1 was replaced by a nuclear localization signal（NLS） sequence, under the control of a 3.6 kb rat type I collagen promoter plus a 1.6 kb intron 1. We then crossbred theNLSDMP1 transgenic mice with Dmp1 null mice to express the NLSDMP1 in Dmp1-deficient genetic background. Although immunohistochemistry demonstrated thatNLSDMP1 was localized in the nuclei of the preodontoblasts and odontoblasts, the histological, morphological and biochemical analyses showed that it failed to rescue the dental and periodontal defects as well as the delayed tooth eruption in Dmp1 null mice. These data suggest that the full-length DMP1 plays no apparent role in the nucleus during odontogenesis.展开更多
文摘One of the major causes of congenital hypophosphatemic rickets is the X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XHR), due to a defect on PHEX gene. The XHR increases the renal elimination of phosphate, that condition leads a defective mineralization of bones and also affects the growth in children. Clinical diagnosis should be suspected in children with signs of rickets and hypophosphatemia with normal calcium levels. We describe clinical characteristics and genetic results of four patients diagnosed and treated in our Nephrology Section. All patients have a “de novo” XHR as none familiars are affected. Early diagnosis should be suspected before the bone deformities have been submitted and the growth would have been impaired.
文摘目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序,并针对可疑致病变异对家系所有成员进行PCR扩增,Sanger测序验证。预测变异的致病性及对蛋白质空间结构的影响。结果该家系共3代,先证者是一位26岁女性,先证者母亲、先证者及其儿子和女儿为患者,临床表现为O型腿、鸡胸、低磷血症,骨骼X线检查、生化检测、成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23)检测结果提示低血磷性佝偻病。临床全外显子组测序发现PHEX(NM_000444)c.2193dupT的插入移码杂合变异,该变异可导致编码第732位的天冬酰胺变异为终止密码子(p.N732*),从而出现了蛋白质截短。先证者的母亲、儿子及女儿PHEX基因均存在该变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)对变异的分类标准,分级为可能致病性变异。经查阅文献及查找人类基因突变数据库,该变异均未被报道或收录。结论本研究发现了一个PHEX新致病变异,为该家系的临床诊断和治疗及遗传咨询提供了实验依据。
文摘目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中的临床价值。方法回顾性纳入2010年1月—2023年1月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院初诊为XLH的83例患儿,收集初诊及随访数据,探讨TmP/GFR与佝偻病严重程度、钙磷代谢指标及磷酸盐治疗量的相关性。根据是否发生肾钙质沉着症将患儿分为肾钙质沉着组(n=47)和非肾钙质沉着组(n=36),比较两组患儿的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的影响因素。使用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的预测价值。结果83例XLH患儿初诊时TmP/GFR为(0.78±0.21)mmol/L,个体差异很大(范围:0.28~1.24 mmol/L)。TmP/GFR与XLH患儿佝偻病严重程度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。甲状旁腺激素与TmP/GFR呈负相关(rs=-0.020,P=0.008),血磷(rs=0.384,P<0.001)、血钙(rs=0.251,P<0.001)及25羟维生素D(rs=0.179,P<0.001)与TmP/GFR呈正相关,TmP/GFR与碱性磷酸酶(rs=-0.002,P=0.960)及磷元素治疗剂量(rs=0.012,P=0.800)无显著相关性。肾钙质沉着组的血钙和TmP/GFR均明显低于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05),而甲状旁腺激素和尿钙浓度均明显高于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TmP/GFR和尿钙浓度与XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症密切相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TmP/GFR、尿钙浓度以及两者联合检测预测XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的曲线下面积分别为0.696、0.679、0.761。结论TmP/GFR可以作为诊断儿童XLH的一项重要指标,然而它并不具备反映佝偻病严重程度及活动性的能力,无法作为判断传统治疗疗效的指标。尿钙浓度和TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症具有良好的预测价值,可为临床评估XLH患儿发生肾钙质沉着症的风险提供参考。
文摘Hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets or X-linked hypophosphatemia （XLH） is a rare hereditary metabolic disease manifesting marked hypophosphatemia, short stature and rickets. Its prevalence is approximately 1 in 20 000. Except early exfoliation of the teeth, there are a few oral findings of XLH described in China. Here we present two cases in one family.
文摘患者,男,47岁,45年前无明显诱因出现双膝内翻畸形,双腿行走呈“O”型,而后畸形逐渐加重,双下肢酸痛,行走呈“剪刀”步态,需要拄拐。就诊前1年来,患者行走困难,并出现右踝关节疼痛,于2017年7月7日在临沂市人民医院骨科就诊。查体:“剪刀”步态,双膝呈内翻畸形,双大腿、小腿内旋畸形,左下肢长约710 mm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81070687 and 8117-0805)National Science and Technology Major Projects for"Major New Drugs Innovation and Development"(Grant No.2008ZX09312-016)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7121012)
文摘A decade ago, only two hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25（OH）2D, were widely recognized to direct-ly affect phosphate homeostasis. Since the discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 （FGF23） in 2000 （1）, our understanding of the mechanisms of phosphate homeostasis and of bone mineralization has grown exponentially. FGF23 is the link between intestine, bone, and kidney together in phosphate regulation. However, we still do not know the complex mechanism of phosphate homeostasis and bone mineralization. The physiological role of FGF23 is to regulate serum phosphate. Secreted mainly by osteocytes and osteo- blasts in the skeleton （2-3）, it modulates kidney handling of phosphate reabsorption and calcitriol produc-tion. Genetic and acquired abnormalities in FGF23 structure and metabolism cause conditions of either hyper-FGF23 or hypo-FGF23. Hyper-FGF23 is related to hypophosphatemia, while hypo-FGF23 is related to hyperphosphatemia. Both hyper-FGF23 and hypo-FGF23 are detrimentalto humans. In this review, we will discuss the vathovhvsiology of FGF23 and hvver-FGF23 related renal vhosvhate wasting disorders （4）.
基金supported by NIH grants DE018486 and R56 DE022789 to Jian-Quan Feng, DE023365 to Yong-Bo Lu and a scholarship from the Chinese State Scholarship Fund to Shu-Xian Lin (2010627108)
文摘Dentin matrix protein 1（DMP1） is essential to odontogenesis. Its mutations in human subjects lead to dental problems such as dental deformities, hypomineralization and periodontal impairment. Primarily, DMP1 is considered as an extracellular matrix protein that promotes hydroxyapatite formation and activates intracellular signaling pathway via interacting with avb3 integrin. Recent in vitro studies suggested that DMP1 might also act as a transcription factor. In this study, we examined whether full-length DMP1 could function as a transcription factor in the nucleus and regulate odontogenesis in vivo. We first demonstrated that a patient with the DMP1M1 V mutation, which presumably causes a loss of the secretory DMP1 but does not affect the nuclear translocation of DMP1, shows a typical rachitic tooth defect. Furthermore, we generated transgenic mice expressingNLSDMP1, in which the endoplasmic reticulum（ER） entry signal sequence of DMP1 was replaced by a nuclear localization signal（NLS） sequence, under the control of a 3.6 kb rat type I collagen promoter plus a 1.6 kb intron 1. We then crossbred theNLSDMP1 transgenic mice with Dmp1 null mice to express the NLSDMP1 in Dmp1-deficient genetic background. Although immunohistochemistry demonstrated thatNLSDMP1 was localized in the nuclei of the preodontoblasts and odontoblasts, the histological, morphological and biochemical analyses showed that it failed to rescue the dental and periodontal defects as well as the delayed tooth eruption in Dmp1 null mice. These data suggest that the full-length DMP1 plays no apparent role in the nucleus during odontogenesis.
