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High pressure x-ray diffraction techniques with synchrotron radiation 被引量:6
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作者 刘景 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第7期9-21,共13页
This article summarizes the developments of experimental techniques for high pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD) in diamond anvil cells(DACs) using synchrotron radiation. Basic principles and experimental methods for ... This article summarizes the developments of experimental techniques for high pressure x-ray diffraction(XRD) in diamond anvil cells(DACs) using synchrotron radiation. Basic principles and experimental methods for various diffraction geometry are described, including powder diffraction, single crystal diffraction, radial diffraction, as well as coupling with laser heating system. Resolution in d-spacing of different diffraction modes is discussed. More recent progress, such as extended application of single crystal diffraction for measurements of multigrain and electron density distribution, timeresolved diffraction with dynamic DAC and development of modulated heating techniques are briefly introduced. The current status of the high pressure beamline at BSRF(Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility) and some results are also presented. 展开更多
关键词 high pressure x-ray diffraction synchrotron radiation diamond anvil cell
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Evaluation of both composition and strain distributions in InGaN epitaxial film using x-ray diffraction techniques
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作者 郭希 王辉 +6 位作者 江德生 王玉田 赵德刚 朱建军 刘宗顺 张书明 杨辉 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第10期396-402,共7页
The composition and stain distributions in the InGaN epitaxial films are jointly measured by employing various x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, including out-of-plane XRD at special planes, in-plane grazing incid... The composition and stain distributions in the InGaN epitaxial films are jointly measured by employing various x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, including out-of-plane XRD at special planes, in-plane grazing incidence XRD, and reciprocal space mapping (RSM). It is confirmed that the measurement of (204) reflection allows a rapid access to estimate the composition without considering the influence of biaxial strain. The two-dimensional RSM checks composition and degree of strain relaxation jointly, revealing an inhomogeneous strain distribution profile along the growth direction. As the film thickness increases from 100 nm to 450 nm, the strain status of InGaN films gradually transfers from almost fully strained to fully relaxed state and then more In atoms incorporate into the film, while the near-interface region of InGaN films remains pseudomorphic to GaN. 展开更多
关键词 INGAN In-plane grazing incidence x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping biaxialstrain
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Microstructures and micromechanical behaviors of high -entropy alloys investigated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques: A review 被引量:1
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作者 Yubo Huang Ning Xu +3 位作者 Huaile Lu Yang Ren Shilei Li Yandong Wang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1333-1349,共17页
High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and defense.Exten... High-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess outstanding features such as corrosion resistance,irradiation resistance,and good mechan-ical properties.A few HEAs have found applications in the fields of aerospace and defense.Extensive studies on the deformation mech-anisms of HEAs can guide microstructure control and toughness design,which is vital for understanding and studying state-of-the-art structural materials.Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are necessary techniques for materials science research,especially for in situ coupling of physical/chemical fields and for resolving macro/microcrystallographic information on materials.Recently,several re-searchers have applied synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to study the deformation mechanisms,phase transformations,stress behaviors,and in situ processes of HEAs,such as variable-temperature,high-pressure,and hydrogenation processes.In this review,the principles and development of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction are presented,and their applications in the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are discussed.The factors that influence the deformation mechanisms of HEAs are also outlined.This review fo-cuses on the microstructures and micromechanical behaviors during tension/compression or creep/fatigue deformation and the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods to the characterization of dislocations,stacking faults,twins,phases,and intergrain/interphase stress changes.Perspectives on future developments of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and on research directions on the deformation mechanisms of novel metals are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 high-entropy alloys MICROSTRUCTURES micromechanical behaviors synchrotron x-ray diffraction neutron diffraction
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Exploring battery material failure mechanisms through synchrotron X-ray characterization techniques 被引量:1
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作者 Lingzhe Fang Xiaozhao Liu Tao Li 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期128-135,共8页
Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns.It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques.Among these,synch... Rechargeable battery cycling performance and related safety have been persistent concerns.It is crucial to decipher the capacity fading induced by electrode material failure via a range of techniques.Among these,synchrotron-based X-ray techniques with high flux and brightness play a key role in understanding degradation mechanisms.In this comprehensive review,we summarize recent advancements in degra-dation modes and mechanisms that were revealed by synchrotron X-ray methodologies.Subsequently,an overview of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray scattering techniques is introduced for charac-terizing failure phenomena at local coordination atomic environment and long-range order crystal struc-ture scale,respectively.At last,we envision the future of exploring material failure mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 Battery failure Synchrotron-based techniques x-ray scattering x-ray absorption spectroscopy
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Intensity correlation properties of x-ray beams split with Laue diffraction
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作者 赵昌哲 司尚禹 +3 位作者 张海鹏 薛莲 李中亮 肖体乔 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期379-383,共5页
Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we i... Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we investigate the intensity correlation between the split x-ray beams by Laue diffraction of stress-free crystal. The analysis based on the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction indicates that the spatial resolution of diffraction image and transmission image are reduced due to the position shift of the exit beam. In the experimental setup, a stress-free crystal with a thickness of hundredmicrometers-level is used for beam splitting. The crystal is in a non-dispersive configuration equipped with a double-crystal monochromator to ensure that the dimension of the diffraction beam and transmission beam are consistent. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 is achieved experimentally and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray ghost imaging is anticipated.Results of this paper demonstrate that the developed beam splitter of Laue crystal has the potential in the efficient data acquisition of x-ray ghost imaging. 展开更多
关键词 x-ray ghost imaging beam splitting with Laue diffraction intensity correlation dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction
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Direct observation of shock-induced phase transformation in polycrystalline iron via in situ x-ray diffraction
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作者 Fan Zhang Jia-Qin Dong +11 位作者 Zhi-Yong Xie Zhi-Yu He Hua Shu Rui-Rong Wang Jun Xiong Guo Jia Zhi-Heng Fang Wei Wang Da-Wu Xiao An-Le Lei Jie Chen Xiu-Guang Huang 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期337-342,共6页
Phase transition of polycrystalline iron compressed along the Hugoniot is studied by combining laser-driven shock with in situ x-ray diffraction technique.It is suggested that polycrystalline iron changes from an init... Phase transition of polycrystalline iron compressed along the Hugoniot is studied by combining laser-driven shock with in situ x-ray diffraction technique.It is suggested that polycrystalline iron changes from an initial body-centered cubic structure to a hexagonal close-packed structure with increasing pressure(i.e.,a phase transition fromαtoε).The relationship between density and pressure for polycrystalline iron obtained from the present experiments is found to be in good agreement with the gas-gun Hugoniot data.Our results show that experiments with samples at lower temperatures under static loading,such as in a diamond anvil cell,lead to higher densities measured than those found under dynamic loading.This means that extrapolating results of static experiments may not predict the dynamic responses of materials accurately.In addition,neither the face-centered cubic structure seen in previous molecular-dynamics simulations or twophase coexistence are found within our experimental pressure range. 展开更多
关键词 in situ x-ray diffraction phase transition polycrystalline iron
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A Novel High Temperature Apparatus for in situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of Molten Salt
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作者 CAO Hui-li GAO Mei +5 位作者 Andebet G.Tamirat ZHAO Hong-bin ZHOU Xing-tai HUANG Yu-ying LEI Qi WEN Wen 《分析测试学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第10期1608-1617,共10页
This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction betwee... This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for insitu synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts,facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten salts.The apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during hightemperature experiments,including strong reaction processes like corrosion.Molten salts,such as chlorides or fluo⁃rides,together with the structure materials,are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries,where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected,as the samples are heated to high temperature.The replacement re⁃action,when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2,can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix,due to the larger atomic number and ionic ra⁃dius of Zn2+.Furthermore,we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt,and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt reactor.Additionally,this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique,providing both bulk and surface structural information.This high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. 展开更多
关键词 in-situ x-ray diffraction rotary micro-diffractometer rotary high-temperature apparatus molten salt
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Tracking the phase transformation and microstructural evolution of Sn anode using operando synchrotron X-ray energy-dispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography 被引量:1
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作者 Kang Dong Fu Sun +4 位作者 Andre Hilger Paul H.Kamm Markus Osenberg Francisco Garcia-Moreno Ingo Manke 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期429-437,I0011,共10页
Tin(Sn)holds great promise as an anode material for next-generation lithium(Li)ion batteries but suffers from massive volume change and poor cycling performance.To clarify the dynamic chemical and microstructural evol... Tin(Sn)holds great promise as an anode material for next-generation lithium(Li)ion batteries but suffers from massive volume change and poor cycling performance.To clarify the dynamic chemical and microstructural evolution of Sn anode during lithiation and delithiation,synchrotron X-ray energydispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography are simultaneously employed during Li/Sn cell operation.The intermediate Li-Sn alloy phases during de/lithiation are identified,and their dynamic phase transformation is unraveled which is further correlated with the volume variation of the Sn at particle-and electrode-level.Moreover,we find that the Sn particle expansion/shrinkage induced particle displacement is anisotropic:the displacement perpendicular to the electrode surface(z-axis)is more pronounced compared to the directions(x-and y-axis)along the electrode surface.This anisotropic particle displacement leads to an anisotropic volume variation at the electrode level and eventually generates a net electrode expansion towards the separator after cycling,which could be one of the root causes of mechanical detachment and delamination of electrodes during long-term operation.The unraveled chemical evolution of Li-Sn and deep insights into the microstructural evolution of Sn anode provided here could guide future design and engineering of Sn and other alloy anodes for high energy density Li-and Na-ion batteries. 展开更多
关键词 Sn anode Li-Sn phase transformation x-ray tomography Operando x-ray diffraction Anisotropic displacement Digital volume correlation(DVC)
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Understanding Pseudocapacitance Mechanisms by Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques 被引量:1
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作者 Pei Tang Wuyang Tan +7 位作者 Guangyang Deng Yunting Zhang Shan Xu Qijun Wang Guosheng Li Jian Zhu Qingyun Dou Xingbin Yan 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期312-331,共20页
Pseudocapacitive materials that store charges via reversible surface or near-surface faradaic reactions are capable of overcoming the capacity limitations of electrical double-layer capacitors.Revealing the structure... Pseudocapacitive materials that store charges via reversible surface or near-surface faradaic reactions are capable of overcoming the capacity limitations of electrical double-layer capacitors.Revealing the structure–activity relationship between the microstructural features of pseudocapacitive materials and their electrochemical performance on the atomic scale is the key to build high-performance capacitor-type devices containing ideal pseudocapacitance effect.Currently,the high brightness(flux),and spectral and coherent nature of synchrotron X-ray analytical techniques make it a powerful tool for probing the structure–property relationship of pseudocapacitive materials.Herein,we report a comprehensive and systematic review of four typical characterization techniques(synchrotron X-ray diffraction,pair distribution function[PDF]analysis,soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy,and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy)for the study of pseudocapacitance mechanisms.In addition,we offered significant insights for understanding and identifying pseudocapacitance mechanisms(surface redox pseudocapacitance,intercalation pseudocapacitance,and the extrinsic pseudocapacitance phenomenon in battery materials)by combining in situ hard XAS and electrochemical analyses.Finally,a perspective for further depth of understanding into the pseudocapacitance mechanism using synchrotron X-ray analytical techniques is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 in situ experiments pseudocapacitive materials structure-property relationship synchrotron x-ray analytical techniques
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Thermal expansivity of geikielite and ilmenite utilizing in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction at high temperature
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作者 Jiamei Song Dawei Fan +4 位作者 Shijie Huang Shanrong Zhang Mengzeng Wu Wei Chen Wenge Zhou 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期988-997,共10页
The unit-cell parameters and volumes of geikielite(MgTiO_(3))and ilmenite(FeTiO_(3))were investigated at high temperatures up to 700 K and ambient pressure,using in-situ angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction.... The unit-cell parameters and volumes of geikielite(MgTiO_(3))and ilmenite(FeTiO_(3))were investigated at high temperatures up to 700 K and ambient pressure,using in-situ angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction.No phase transition was detected over the experimental temperature range.Using(Berman in J Petrol29:445-522,1988.10.1093/petrology/29.2.445)equations to fit the temperature-volume data,the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients at ambient conditions(α_(V0))of MgTiO_(3) and FeTiO_(3) were obtained as follows:2.55(6)×10^(-5)K^(-1)and 2.82(10)×10^(-5)K^(-1),respectively.We infer that the larger effective ionic radius of Fe^(2+)(Ⅵ)(0.78 A)than that of Mg^(2+)(Ⅵ)(0.72?)renders FeTiO_(3)has a larger volumetric thermal expansivity than MgTiO_(3).Simultaneously,the refined axial thermal expansion coefficients under ambient conditions areα_(a0)=0.74(3)×10^(-5)K^(-1)andα_(c0)=1.08(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1)for the aaxis and c-axis of MgTiO_(3),respectively,andα_(a0)=0.95(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1)andα_(c0)=0.92(12)×10^(-5)K^(-1)for the aaxis and c-axis of FeTiO_(3),respectively.The axial thermal expansivity of MgTiO_(3) is anisotropic,but that of FeTiO_(3) is nearly isotropic.We infer that the main reason for the different axial thermal expansivity between MgTiO_(3) and FeTiO_(3) is that the thermal expansion mode of the Mg-O bond in MgTiO_(3) is different from that of the Fe-O bonds in FeTiO_(3). 展开更多
关键词 Geikielite ILMENITE Thermal expansion Synchrotron x-ray diffraction High temperature
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Ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom-doped carbon for sodium-ion batteries and mechanism explorations via synchrotron X-ray techniques
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作者 Congcong Liu Qiongqiong Lu +8 位作者 Mikhail V.Gorbunov Ahmad Omar Ignacio G.Gonzalez Martinez Panpan Zhao Martin Hantusch Antonius Dimas Chandra Permana Huanyu He Nikolai Gaponik Daria Mikhailova 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期373-381,共9页
Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity... Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity fade and low rate capability.In this work,a composite containing ultrasmall CoS(~7 nm)nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom(N,S,and O)-doped carbon was synthesized by an efficient one-step sulfidation process using a Co(Salen)precursor.The ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles are beneficial for mechanical stability and shortening Na-ions diffusion pathways.Furthermore,the N,S,and O-doped defect-rich carbon provides a robust and highly conductive framework enriched with active sites for sodium storage as well as mitigates volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle.As anode for SIB,CoS@HDC exhibits a high initial capacity of 906 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)and a stable long-term cycling life with over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1),showing a reversible capacity of 330 mA h g^(-1).Meanwhile,the CoS@HDC anode is proven to maintain its structural integrity and compositional reversibility during cycling.Furthermore,Na-ion full batteries based on the CoS@HDC anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode demonstrate a stable cycling behavior with a reversible specific capacity of~200 m A h g^(-1)at least for 100 cycles.Moreover,advanced synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction,ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,and comprehensive electrochemical tests reveal the structural transformation and the Co coordination chemistry evolution of the CoS@HDC during cycling,providing fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 Sodium-ion batteries Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles Heteroatom-doped porous carbon matrix Synchrotron x-ray techniques Reaction mechanisms
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X-ray Multiple Diffraction Topographic Imaging Technique For Growth History Study of Habit Modifying Impurity Doped Crystals 被引量:1
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作者 LAI X. MA C. +1 位作者 K. J. Robert M. C. Miller 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第4期411-416,共6页
A novel crystal characterization instrument has been built up in which a combination of X-ray multiple diffraction and X-ray topography is applied to enabling the cross-correlation between micro-crystallographic symme... A novel crystal characterization instrument has been built up in which a combination of X-ray multiple diffraction and X-ray topography is applied to enabling the cross-correlation between micro-crystallographic symmetry and its spatial dependence in relation to lattice defects. This facility is used to examine, in a self-consistent manner, growth sector-dependant changes to both the crystallographic structure and the lattice defects associated with the action of habit-modifying additives in a number of representative crystal growth systems. In addition, the new instrument can be used to probe micro-crystallographic aspects(such as distortion to crystal symmetry) and relate these in a spatially resolved manner to the crystal defect structure in crystals doped with known habit modifiers. 展开更多
关键词 x-ray diffraction x-ray multiple diffraction x-ray topography Habit modification Crystal growth Growth defects
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High-pressure investigations on Piplia Kalan eucrite meteorite using in-situ X-ray diffraction and ^(57)Fe Mssbauer spectroscopic technique up to 16 GPa
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作者 Usha Chandra K.K. Pandey +1 位作者 G. Parthasarathy Surinder M. Sharma 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第2期265-271,共7页
We report here high-pressure investigations on Piplia Kalan eucrite-a member of HED (Howardite -Eucrite-Diogenite) family from asteroid 4-Vesta based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction (up to 16 GPa) and ^57Fe Mossb... We report here high-pressure investigations on Piplia Kalan eucrite-a member of HED (Howardite -Eucrite-Diogenite) family from asteroid 4-Vesta based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction (up to 16 GPa) and ^57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy (up to 8 GPa). Dominant with anorthite-rich plagioclase, pigeonite-rich pyroxene and clino-ferrosilite, the sample displayed various phase transitions attaining amorphous character at 16 GPa. These phase transitions of individual components could be explained simultaneously through variations in high-pressure XRD patterns and the Mossbauer parameters. Most prominent P21/c to C2/c transition of pigeonite and ferrosilite was exhibited both as sudden variation in Mossbauer parameters and population inversion of Fe^2+ in M1 and M2 sites between 2.9 and 3.8 GPa and variation in intensity profile in XRD patterns at 3.56 GPa. Anorthite seemed to respond more to such impact than other components in the sample. Complete amorphization in anorthite which occurred at lower pressure of - 12 GPa implied residual stress experienced due to shock impact. The presence of high pressure (monoclinic) phase of pigeonite and ferrosilite at ambient condition in this eucrite sample confirmed earlier suggestions of an early shock event. This report is an attempt to emphasize the role of anorthite in the determination of the residual stress due to impact process in the parent body thus to understand the behavioral differences amongst HED members. 展开更多
关键词 METEORITES High pressure x-ray diffraction Mossbauer spectroscopy Eucrites synchrotron radiation Ferrosilite
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Evaluation on residual stresses of silicon-doped CVD diamond films using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy 被引量:10
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作者 陈苏琳 沈彬 +2 位作者 张建国 王亮 孙方宏 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2012年第12期3021-3026,共6页
The effect of silicon doping on the residual stress of CVD diamond films is examined using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The examined Si-doped diamond films are deposited o... The effect of silicon doping on the residual stress of CVD diamond films is examined using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The examined Si-doped diamond films are deposited on WC-Co substrates in a home-made bias-enhanced HFCVD apparatus. Ethyl silicate (Si(OC2H5)4) is dissolved in acetone to obtain various Si/C mole ratio ranging from 0.1% to 1.4% in the reaction gas. Characterizations with SEM and XRD indicate increasing silicon concentration may result in grain size decreasing and diamond [110] texture becoming dominant. The residual stress values of as-deposited Si-doped diamond films are evaluated by both sin2ψ method, which measures the (220) diamond Bragg diffraction peaks using XRD, with ψ-values ranging from 0° to 45°, and Raman spectroscopy, which detects the diamond Raman peak shift from the natural diamond line at 1332 cm-1. The residual stress evolution on the silicon doping level estimated from the above two methods presents rather good agreements, exhibiting that all deposited Si-doped diamond films present compressive stress and the sample with Si/C mole ratio of 0.1% possesses the largest residual stress of ~1.75 GPa (Raman) or ~2.3 GPa (XRD). As the silicon doping level is up further, the residual stress reduces to a relative stable value around 1.3 GPa. 展开更多
关键词 silicon-doped diamond films silicon doping residual stress x-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy
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The application of synchrotron X-ray techniques to the study ofrechargeable batteries 被引量:4
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作者 Zhengliang Gong Yong Yang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第6期1566-1583,共18页
The increased use of rechargeable batteries in portable electronic devices and the continuous develop-ment of novel applications (e.g. transportation and large scale energy storage), have raised a strong de-mand for... The increased use of rechargeable batteries in portable electronic devices and the continuous develop-ment of novel applications (e.g. transportation and large scale energy storage), have raised a strong de-mand for high performance batteries with increased energy density, cycle and calendar life, safety andlower costs. This triggers significant efforts to reveal the fundamental mechanism determining batteryperformance with the use of advanced analytical techniques. However, the inherently complex character-istics of battery systems make the mechanism analysis sophisticated and difficult. Synchrotron radiationis an advanced collimated light source with high intensity and tunable energies. It has particular ad-vantages in electronic structure and geometric structure (both the short-range and long-range structure)analysis of materials on different length and time scales. In the past decades, synchrotron X-ray tech-niques have been widely used to understand the fundamental mechanism and guide the technologicaloptimization of batteries. In particular, in situ and operando techniques with high spatial and temporalresolution, enable the nondestructive, real time dynamic investigation of the electrochemical reaction,and lead to significant deep insights into the battery operation mechanism. This review gives a brief introduction of the application of synchrotron X-ray techniques to the inves-tigation of battery systems. The five widely implicated techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), PairDistribution Function (PDF), Hard and Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) will be reviewed, with the emphasis on their in situ studies of battery systems during cycling. 展开更多
关键词 Rechargeable battery Synchrotron x-ray techniques x-ray diffraction x-ray absorption spectroscopy Pair Distribution Function x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Thermal expansion of kyanite at ambient pressure:An X-ray powder diffraction study up to 1000℃ 被引量:11
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作者 Xi Liu Qiang He +2 位作者 Hejing Wang Michael E. Fleet Xiaomin Hu 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS 2010年第1期91-97,共7页
The thermal expansion coefficients of kyanite at ambient pressure have been investigated by an X-ray powder diffraction technique with temperatures up to 1000 ℃. No phase transition was observed in the experimental t... The thermal expansion coefficients of kyanite at ambient pressure have been investigated by an X-ray powder diffraction technique with temperatures up to 1000 ℃. No phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range. Data for the unit-cell parameters and temperatures were fitted empirically resulting in the following thermal expansion coefficients: αa = 5.8(3) × 10^-5, αb = 5.8 (1)× 10^-5, αc = 5.2(1)× 10^-5, and αv = 7.4(1) × 10^-3 ℃ 1 in good agreement with a recent neutron powder diffraction study. On the other hand, the variation of the unit-cell angles α, β and γ of kyanite with increase in temperature is very complicated, and the agreement among all studies is poor. The thermal expansion data at ambient pressure reported here and the compression data at ambient temperature from the literature suggest that, for the kyanite lattice, the most and least thermally expandable directions correspond to the most and least compressible directions, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 High temperature KYANITE Thermal expansion x-ray powder diffraction
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SnO_2-based solid solutions for CH_4 deep oxidation: Quantifying the lattice capacity of SnO_2 using an X-ray diffraction extrapolation method
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作者 孙琪 徐香兰 +5 位作者 彭洪根 方修忠 刘文明 应家伟 余帆 王翔 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第8期1293-1302,共10页
A series of SnO2‐based catalysts modified by Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb oxides with a Sn/M (M=Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb) molar ratio of 9/1 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and used for CH4 and CO oxidation. The Mn3+, ... A series of SnO2‐based catalysts modified by Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb oxides with a Sn/M (M=Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb) molar ratio of 9/1 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and used for CH4 and CO oxidation. The Mn3+, Zr4+, Ti4+and Pb4+cations are incorporated into the lattice of tetragonal rutile SnO2 to form a solid solution structure. As a consequence, the surface area and thermal stability of the catalysts are improved. Moreover, the oxygen species of the modified catalysts become easier to be reduced. Therefore, the oxidation activity over the catalysts was improved, except for the one modified by Pb oxide. Manganese oxide demonstrates the best promotional effects for SnO2. Using an X‐ray diffraction extrapolation method, the lattice capacity of SnO2 for Mn2O3 was 0.135 g Mn2O3/g SnO2, which indicates that to form stable solid solution, only 21%Sn4+cations in the lattice can be maximally replaced by Mn3+. If the amount of Mn3+cations is over the capacity, Mn2O3 will be formed, which is not favorable for the activity of the catalysts. The Sn rich samples with only Sn‐Mn solid solution phase show higher activity than the ones with excess Mn2O3 species. 展开更多
关键词 SnO2-based solid solution x-ray diffraction extrapolation method Lattice capacity Methane deep oxidation Carbon monoxide oxidation
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X-ray Diffraction of Dust Particles in Spring Beijing 被引量:5
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作者 ZHENG Nan WANG Hejin +1 位作者 XU Tingjing LI Ting 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第1期254-262,共9页
X-ray diffractometry was utilized to study the mineralogical characteristics of the inhalable particles (PM10) sampled during two dust storms in Beijing city on March 18th and May 21st, 2008. We confirm, for the fir... X-ray diffractometry was utilized to study the mineralogical characteristics of the inhalable particles (PM10) sampled during two dust storms in Beijing city on March 18th and May 21st, 2008. We confirm, for the first time, that there stably exists ammonium chloride in the atmosphere when temperature is low. The total sulfates particles were affected by relative humidity. Both species and concentration of sulfates decreased first and then grew back by the end of each dust storm. Koninckite, a phosphate mineral never reported as particulate aerosol before, was identified. Meanwhile, our result shows that a chemical modification on dust minerals occurs during long range transportation. PM10 samples collected during the period of dust storms were dominated by crustal minerals such as quartz, illite/smectite, illite, chlorite, feldspar and calcite, and were notably higher in concentration than that in normal periods of time. The amounts of total sulfates, calcite and feldspar altered in each dust storm. It is derived from 24-hour isentropic backward trajectories that two dust events in spring 2008 originated in different sources. 展开更多
关键词 dust storm PM10 x-ray diffraction ammonium chloride
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MULTI-PEAK MATCH INTENSITY RATIO METHOD OF QUANTI-TATIVE X-RAY DIFFRACTION PHASE ANALYSIS 被引量:5
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作者 G. Chu, Y.F. Cong and H.J. YouResearch Center of Analysis and Test, Liaoning University of Petroleum & Chemical Technology, Fushun 113001, China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第6期489-494,共6页
A new method for quantitative phase analysis is proposed by using X-ray diffraction multi-peak match intensity ratio. This method can obtain the multi-peak match intensity ratio among each phase in the mixture sample ... A new method for quantitative phase analysis is proposed by using X-ray diffraction multi-peak match intensity ratio. This method can obtain the multi-peak match intensity ratio among each phase in the mixture sample by using all diffraction peak data in the mixture sample X-ray diffraction spectrum and combining the relative intensity distribution data of each phase standard peak in JCPDS card to carry on the least square method regression analysis. It is benefit to improve the precision of quantitative phase analysis that the given single line ratio which is usually adopted is taken the place of the multi-peak match intensity ratio and is used in X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis of the mixture sample. By analyzing four-group mixture sample, adopting multi-peak match intensity ratio and X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis principle of combining the adiabatic and matrix flushing method, it is tested that the experimental results are identical with theory. 展开更多
关键词 x-ray diffraction multi-peak match intensity ratio quantitative phase analysis
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Analysis of surface orange peel of aluminum-alloy automobile sheet by using of EBSD and X-ray diffraction 被引量:7
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作者 Ma Mingtu Sun Zhifu +2 位作者 Wang Zhiwen Lu Hongzhou Zhou Mingbo 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2012年第6期7-11,37,共6页
The formation cause of orange peel of aluminum-alloy automotive sheet after tensile deformation was analysed by using X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD).The test results showed that format... The formation cause of orange peel of aluminum-alloy automotive sheet after tensile deformation was analysed by using X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD).The test results showed that formation cause of surface orange peel after tensile deformation related to product texture and nonuniform deformation during the tensile process.The grain size has significant effect on deformation uniform and texture formation.Coarse grains were easy to produce nonuniform deformation and texture,which would produce surface orange peel after tensile deformation. 展开更多
关键词 ALUMINUM-ALLOY automotive sheet orange peel TEXTURE EBSD x-ray diffraction
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