More than 50% of the typhoons landing in China have landed on the southeast coast, where they have caused great pressure on the coastal environment. Seagrass, one of the most important con- stituents of coastal ecosys...More than 50% of the typhoons landing in China have landed on the southeast coast, where they have caused great pressure on the coastal environment. Seagrass, one of the most important con- stituents of coastal ecosystems, is also greatly affected by typhoons. In order to clarify how seagrass distribution variation is affected by typhoons in coastal areas in southeast China, data of Typhoons Dawei and Tianying （category 4 and category 2 respectively, which just ran through the southern part of Hainan province） have been studied. In situ observation and satellite remote sensing data （CBERS-China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite） in 2004 and 2006 were used to retrieve seagrass distribution in Xincun Bay, Hainan province. In situ observations showed that leaf length, stem biomass and above ground biomass on average showed evidence of reduction after Typhoons Tiany- ing and Dawei. However, seagrass density showed no evidence of reduction after typhoon Tianying and Dawei passed by and increased rapidly in January 2006. From results of satellite remote sensing data, seagrass distribution can be detected with high accuracy, and the area of seagrass distribution on the south coast of Xincun Bay in 2006 after the typhoon passed by was smaller than that in 2004 in region A and B. However, in region C, area of seagrass coverage under 20% increased. These results demonstrated that typhoons Tianying and Dawei damaged seagrass bed and helped seagrass to get rid of aged and dead leaves, and this correspondingly facilitated seagrass growth.展开更多
The thermal history of the late Mesozoic miarolitic granite has been studied based on zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock Rb-Sr dating and K-Ar dating of muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar from the same rock sample. From th...The thermal history of the late Mesozoic miarolitic granite has been studied based on zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock Rb-Sr dating and K-Ar dating of muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar from the same rock sample. From the beginning of zircon crystallization to the closure of K-Ar system of biotite, the granite body had a slow cooling rate (11.0℃/Ma) and an ascending rate (0.07 mm/a). From the end of this stage to the closure of K-Ar system of K-feldspar, the granite body increased its cooling rate (45℃/Ma) and ascending rate (0.36 mm/a). The thermal history of the Xincun granite with a slow cooling rate at the early stage and a fast cooling rate at the late stage may have been related to the fact that the Fujian coastal area had very high geothermal gradient in the late Mesozoic and evident decrease in geothermal gradient in the early Cenozoic.展开更多
Based on related theories on the evaluation of city plan implementation and the empirical study on Caoyang-Xincun, a residential quarter in Shanghai, the paper explores the community plan implementation from the persp...Based on related theories on the evaluation of city plan implementation and the empirical study on Caoyang-Xincun, a residential quarter in Shanghai, the paper explores the community plan implementation from the perspective of public space. And with the differences and conformities between the plan's blueprint and the reality as the breakthrough point, the paper points out that in terms of differences, the implementation of the Caoyang-Xincun plan has neglected the construction of public space, which influenced the general quality of public life of the residents, while in terms of conformities, the implementation of the plan has produced a positive impact on current public life in the community.展开更多
As residential patterns and types are closely related to population densities, carbon emissions from residents' transportation are logically correlated with the population density, as well as the diversity of faci...As residential patterns and types are closely related to population densities, carbon emissions from residents' transportation are logically correlated with the population density, as well as the diversity of facilities and the accessibility of transportation stations. This paper takes Shanghai Caoyang Xincun as a case, and studies the correlation between the residential patterns and carbon emissions through questionnaire data analysis on eight types of residential patterns. The results show that the relationship between the population density of Caoyang Xincun and the per capita traffic carbon emissions is a nonlinear fl uctuation, that the relationship between the diversity of facilities and carbon emissions is positively correlated, and that the relationship between the accessibility of transportation stations and carbon emissions is negatively correlated. It also finds that the per capita carbon emissions in residential areas with multi-storey enclosed buildings and small high-rise row buildings are different from other patterns. With a further study on occupational structure and family income, it concludes that the carbon emission difference is caused by consumer segregation based on social structure. Therefore, when judging whether a residential pattern is low carbon or not, the spatial and social implications of density should be clarified first. Then the national and regional development conditions need to be considered to guide the future development of residential patterns.展开更多
The toxic heavy metal mercury(Hg)has significantly enhanced the global Hg cycle influenced by human activities over the last century.In this study,we presented a high-resolution Hg deposition history between∼1780 and...The toxic heavy metal mercury(Hg)has significantly enhanced the global Hg cycle influenced by human activities over the last century.In this study,we presented a high-resolution Hg deposition history between∼1780 and 2015 AD in a sediment core from Xincun Lagoon,located in the southeastern Hainan Island,South China,and analyzed it in conjunction with geochemical elements,grain-size distribution,organic matter,and HYSPLIT backward trajectory simulation.The objective was to investigate the influencing factors affecting historical Hg deposition in relatively remote regions and assess the extent of the effects of natural background and human activities.The results showed that the Hg in the sediment was deposited primarily through atmospheric deposition,which was closely related to regional and even global human activities.Anthropogenic Hg contamination increased gradually from the 1830s to 1850s,possibly due to Hg emissions from Opium Wars I and II occurring in southeastern China.High broad peaks of anthropogenic Hg were observed during the 1910s to 1950s and in the 1980s,likely associated with the two world wars and modern Chinese wars.In addition,a further sharp increase in anthropogenic Hg from the mid-1970s to the present occurred,likely originating from the intense industrial activities in China triggered by the reform and opening-up policy of China in 1978 and some countries in Southeast Asia.展开更多
采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术及产物序列分析方法,比较研究南海新村湾3个站位海草沉积物中细菌群落组成及分布。结果表明：根据DGGE图谱代表的遗传多样性显示春季二号和春季三号站位样品相似度最高为81.5%,秋...采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术及产物序列分析方法,比较研究南海新村湾3个站位海草沉积物中细菌群落组成及分布。结果表明：根据DGGE图谱代表的遗传多样性显示春季二号和春季三号站位样品相似度最高为81.5%,秋季一号和秋季三号站位样品相似度最低为29.3%。春季和冬季细菌多样性指数较高,其Shannon指数范围分别为3.03~3.07和3.23~3.35。通过对16S r DNA V3高变区域42条条带克隆测序比对,结果显示：海草沉积物细菌类群主要分布在变形菌门（Proteobactetia）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）,其中变形菌门中Gammaproteobacteria含量最多,为新村湾海草沉积物中优势菌群,占总数的65.80%。蓝细菌（Cyanobacteria）普遍存在于所有沉积物样品中。细菌群落结构在不同季节、不同站位间具有一定差异。秋季二号站位和三号站位优势类群分别为嗜冷杆菌属和交替假单胞属,其含量分别为31.61%和19.41%。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under grant No.2010CB951203the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under grant No. 40876092+2 种基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of Guangdong Province under grant No.8351030101000002863 Program under grant No.2006AA09Z155the Program of Guangdong Provincial Science & Technology under grant No.2008B030303026
文摘More than 50% of the typhoons landing in China have landed on the southeast coast, where they have caused great pressure on the coastal environment. Seagrass, one of the most important con- stituents of coastal ecosystems, is also greatly affected by typhoons. In order to clarify how seagrass distribution variation is affected by typhoons in coastal areas in southeast China, data of Typhoons Dawei and Tianying （category 4 and category 2 respectively, which just ran through the southern part of Hainan province） have been studied. In situ observation and satellite remote sensing data （CBERS-China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite） in 2004 and 2006 were used to retrieve seagrass distribution in Xincun Bay, Hainan province. In situ observations showed that leaf length, stem biomass and above ground biomass on average showed evidence of reduction after Typhoons Tiany- ing and Dawei. However, seagrass density showed no evidence of reduction after typhoon Tianying and Dawei passed by and increased rapidly in January 2006. From results of satellite remote sensing data, seagrass distribution can be detected with high accuracy, and the area of seagrass distribution on the south coast of Xincun Bay in 2006 after the typhoon passed by was smaller than that in 2004 in region A and B. However, in region C, area of seagrass coverage under 20% increased. These results demonstrated that typhoons Tianying and Dawei damaged seagrass bed and helped seagrass to get rid of aged and dead leaves, and this correspondingly facilitated seagrass growth.
文摘The thermal history of the late Mesozoic miarolitic granite has been studied based on zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock Rb-Sr dating and K-Ar dating of muscovite, biotite and K-feldspar from the same rock sample. From the beginning of zircon crystallization to the closure of K-Ar system of biotite, the granite body had a slow cooling rate (11.0℃/Ma) and an ascending rate (0.07 mm/a). From the end of this stage to the closure of K-Ar system of K-feldspar, the granite body increased its cooling rate (45℃/Ma) and ascending rate (0.36 mm/a). The thermal history of the Xincun granite with a slow cooling rate at the early stage and a fast cooling rate at the late stage may have been related to the fact that the Fujian coastal area had very high geothermal gradient in the late Mesozoic and evident decrease in geothermal gradient in the early Cenozoic.
基金the National Natural Sciences Fundation on "Studies on Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation and Methods" No. 51178315
文摘Based on related theories on the evaluation of city plan implementation and the empirical study on Caoyang-Xincun, a residential quarter in Shanghai, the paper explores the community plan implementation from the perspective of public space. And with the differences and conformities between the plan's blueprint and the reality as the breakthrough point, the paper points out that in terms of differences, the implementation of the Caoyang-Xincun plan has neglected the construction of public space, which influenced the general quality of public life of the residents, while in terms of conformities, the implementation of the plan has produced a positive impact on current public life in the community.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Project entitled A Study on the Selection of Residential Pattern Based on Low Carbon Objective:With Shanghai Caoyang Xincun as a Typical Case(approval number:51178316)Key Applied Subject of Shanghai Tongji urban Planning&Design Institute entitled A Study on Low Carbon-Characterized Residential Pattern Evaluation and Design Guidelines(subject number:YY-2012-05)
文摘As residential patterns and types are closely related to population densities, carbon emissions from residents' transportation are logically correlated with the population density, as well as the diversity of facilities and the accessibility of transportation stations. This paper takes Shanghai Caoyang Xincun as a case, and studies the correlation between the residential patterns and carbon emissions through questionnaire data analysis on eight types of residential patterns. The results show that the relationship between the population density of Caoyang Xincun and the per capita traffic carbon emissions is a nonlinear fl uctuation, that the relationship between the diversity of facilities and carbon emissions is positively correlated, and that the relationship between the accessibility of transportation stations and carbon emissions is negatively correlated. It also finds that the per capita carbon emissions in residential areas with multi-storey enclosed buildings and small high-rise row buildings are different from other patterns. With a further study on occupational structure and family income, it concludes that the carbon emission difference is caused by consumer segregation based on social structure. Therefore, when judging whether a residential pattern is low carbon or not, the spatial and social implications of density should be clarified first. Then the national and regional development conditions need to be considered to guide the future development of residential patterns.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071108,41671194)。
文摘The toxic heavy metal mercury(Hg)has significantly enhanced the global Hg cycle influenced by human activities over the last century.In this study,we presented a high-resolution Hg deposition history between∼1780 and 2015 AD in a sediment core from Xincun Lagoon,located in the southeastern Hainan Island,South China,and analyzed it in conjunction with geochemical elements,grain-size distribution,organic matter,and HYSPLIT backward trajectory simulation.The objective was to investigate the influencing factors affecting historical Hg deposition in relatively remote regions and assess the extent of the effects of natural background and human activities.The results showed that the Hg in the sediment was deposited primarily through atmospheric deposition,which was closely related to regional and even global human activities.Anthropogenic Hg contamination increased gradually from the 1830s to 1850s,possibly due to Hg emissions from Opium Wars I and II occurring in southeastern China.High broad peaks of anthropogenic Hg were observed during the 1910s to 1950s and in the 1980s,likely associated with the two world wars and modern Chinese wars.In addition,a further sharp increase in anthropogenic Hg from the mid-1970s to the present occurred,likely originating from the intense industrial activities in China triggered by the reform and opening-up policy of China in 1978 and some countries in Southeast Asia.
文摘采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术及产物序列分析方法,比较研究南海新村湾3个站位海草沉积物中细菌群落组成及分布。结果表明：根据DGGE图谱代表的遗传多样性显示春季二号和春季三号站位样品相似度最高为81.5%,秋季一号和秋季三号站位样品相似度最低为29.3%。春季和冬季细菌多样性指数较高,其Shannon指数范围分别为3.03~3.07和3.23~3.35。通过对16S r DNA V3高变区域42条条带克隆测序比对,结果显示：海草沉积物细菌类群主要分布在变形菌门（Proteobactetia）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）,其中变形菌门中Gammaproteobacteria含量最多,为新村湾海草沉积物中优势菌群,占总数的65.80%。蓝细菌（Cyanobacteria）普遍存在于所有沉积物样品中。细菌群落结构在不同季节、不同站位间具有一定差异。秋季二号站位和三号站位优势类群分别为嗜冷杆菌属和交替假单胞属,其含量分别为31.61%和19.41%。
