In accordance with the pattern of"great ideology and politics",the Party and youth League organizations assume the role of vanguard in the organization of colleges and universities.Simultaneously,they serve ...In accordance with the pattern of"great ideology and politics",the Party and youth League organizations assume the role of vanguard in the organization of colleges and universities.Simultaneously,they serve as a pivotal force in ideological and political education.In order to construct a comprehensive ideological and political framework encompassing the entire educational process,it is of paramount importance to identify an efficacious methodology for Party building leading League construction.This paper employs a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the pivotal role of Party building leading League construction in facilitating ideological and political education.It also illuminates the practical challenges encountered in the implementation of Party building leading League construction initiatives within colleges and universities.The article proposes a specific path for Party building leading League construction in colleges and universities based on three key aspects:cohesion of the consensus of Party building leading League building,establishment of the institutional system of Party building leading League construction,and creation of the model brand of Party building leading League construction.The aim is to promote in-depth development of Party building in colleges and universities and enhance the quality and effect of ideological and political education.展开更多
This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research meth...This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research methods, it summarized how the Democratic League of Huizhou College made good use of various activity carriers in ideological and political education. It combined discipline construction, scientific research platforms, school-government-enterprise, and other cooperation platforms. From educational methods to subject transformation and integration, and from daily teaching to social practice, it promoted the role of college teachers in the alliance to play the role of cultivating people in the era of college education reform. The aim was to put forward that in educating others, they should first educate themselves, teachers had two-way morality in terms of teacher ethics and professionalism, effectively integrated ideological and political courses into professional teaching and practice, and realized waiting for flowers to bloom in the “context”<sup>1</sup> teaching environment like the cultivation effect of salt in water.展开更多
Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A litera...Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A literature review of player performance evaluation methods shows the need to develop a new performance evaluation index for Twenty20(T20)cricket.A novel framework was proposed to evaluate batsman strength based on individual performance,role in the team,and team interactions.Traditionally,proposed ranking systems are derived from static networks,that is,the aggregation of game results over time.However,the scores of the players(or teams)fluctuate over time.Intuitively,defeating a renowned player during peak performance is more rewarding than defeating the same player during other periods.To account for this,we propose a new method and apply it to the T20 format Indian Premier League.The method serves three main purposes:First,it creates a new performance index for players to rank them more accurately and effectively.Second,the players are clustered based on their expertise.In the third phase,a social network analysis approach is applied to visualize and analyze crickets as a network to gain better insights into players’team interactions.This novel approach is a helpful index for sports coaches,analysts,cricket fans,and managers to evaluate player performance and rank for future aspects.展开更多
Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental...Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.展开更多
According to the survey data of meteorological disasters in the counties and the ground meteorological observation data of Xing'an League,a disaster risk index assessment model based on Arc GIS 10.3 was establishe...According to the survey data of meteorological disasters in the counties and the ground meteorological observation data of Xing'an League,a disaster risk index assessment model based on Arc GIS 10.3 was established taking hazard factors,hazard inducing environment,hazard-bearing body and disaster prevention and reduction capability into account.According to the degree of influence of each assessment factor,the risk coefficients of three meteorological disasters,drought,sand wind and frost were calculated,and risk zoning was conducted for various meteorological disasters.The results showed that among the major meteorological disasters in Xing'an League,drought had the highest risk degree,followed by frost,and sand wind had the lowest risk degree.In Xing'an League,the areas with high drought risk are mostly located in Aershan City and in the northwest of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner;the high-risk areas of sand wind are located in the north of Jalaid Banner,in the northwest and southeast of Tuquan County,and in the central and southeastern parts of the Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner;and the eastern part of Ulanhot,the southeastern part of Jalaid Banner,the southeastern part of Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner and the central part of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner are highly threatened by frost.The analysis results can provide some reference for disaster prevention and reduction and meteorological decision making in the local areas.展开更多
This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on...This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on the competitions among teams and players. Like other meta-heuristic methods, the proposed technique starts with an initial population. Population individuals called players are in two types: fixed players and substitutes that all together form some teams. The competition among teams to take the possession of the top ranked positions in the league table and the internal competitions between players in each team for personal improvements results in the convergence of population individuals to the global optimum. Results of applying the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear systems of equations demonstrate that SLC converges to the answer more accurately and rapidly in comparison with other Meta-heuristic and Newton-type methods.展开更多
The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent c...The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent coefficient method to assess its ESVs from 1975 to 2015,by determining the standard unit of ESVs and the basic equivalent of the value of different ecosystem services per unit area based on the regional characteristics,literature research,expert knowledge and land use data.The results show that the ESVs first decreased from 83170.4 million yuan(RMB)in 1975 to 82337.8 million yuan(RMB)in 2000 and then increased to84033.6 million yuan(RMB)in 2015,and the ESV of sparse grassland and desert account for about 33%and 29%of the total ESVs,respectively.Among the four service types,the regulating services,support services,supply services and cultural services account for66.5%,22.8%,6.0%and 4.7%,respectively.The changes of ESVs in Alxa League are determined by the socio-economic development and ecological changes.This study provides a new method to estimate the ESVs in arid region by integrating existing methods and regional characteristics,such as the cost of water for arid ecosystems.展开更多
In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is ap...In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is approached by the total expenses which include players’ wage bill and wage of the support staff and other miscellaneous expenses. Output is measured by the points awarded, net run rate, profit and revenues. Efficiency scores are highly correlated with the performance in the league with a few exception, and when decomposing inefficiency into technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency it can be shown that the largest part of inefficiency can be explained by suboptimal scale of production and ineffficient transformation of inputs into outputs.展开更多
[Objective] The causes of drought in summer in Alashan League in 2010 were discussed. [Method] Through the discussion of climate background, circulation characteristics, subtropical high and ocean temperature of the s...[Objective] The causes of drought in summer in Alashan League in 2010 were discussed. [Method] Through the discussion of climate background, circulation characteristics, subtropical high and ocean temperature of the severe drought in Alashan League in Inner Mongolia during the flooding time, the potential causes of drought in Alashan League in summer in 2010 were discussed. [Result] The circulation around Alashan League and surroundings in 850 hPa was weak. Especially the southerly was extremely weak and it restricted the transportation of southerly water vapor towards Inner Mongolia, which was one of the direct reasons of drought; the 500 hPa high pressure ridge controlled Alashan League, and resulted into long-term drought and lasting high temperature. The summer seasonal wind was weak and arrived land in Alashan League. The northwest pacific subtropical high was large and strong. Only when subtropical high was strong and merged as well as strengthened with high pressure ridge around middle and high latitude in the lower reaches 130°-140° E, can rain be generated. However, the latter condition was limited in summer in 2010. When the ocean temperature around 30°-50° N and 140°-150° E was low in the north and high in the south, there would be less rain in Alashan League. [Conclusion] The study provided relevant information and technological support for the drought disaster warning forecast, drought observation system, and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.展开更多
The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league ba...The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league baseball(MLB) pitchers over the past 10 years.UCL reconstruction(UCLR) is the current gold standard of treatment for these injuries in MLB pitchers who wish to return to sport(RTS) at a high level and who have failed a course of non-operative treatment.Results following UCLR in MLB pitchers have been encouraging,with multiple RTS rates now cited at greater than 80%.Unfortunately,with the rising number of UCLR,there has also been a spike in the number of revision UCLR in MLB pitchers.Similar to primary UCLR,the etiology of the increase in revision UCLR,aside from an increase in the number of pitchers who have undergone a primary UCLR,remains elusive.The current literature has attempted to address several questions including those surrounding surgical technique(method of exposure,graft choice,management of the ulnar nerve,concomitant elbow arthroscopy,etc.),post-operative rehabilitation strategies,and timing of RTS following UCLR.While some questions have been answered,many remain unknown.The literature surrounding UCLR in MLB pitchers will be reviewed,and future directions regarding this injury in these high level athletes will be discussed.展开更多
The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only ...The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only one team (Toronto Maple Leafs) was more likely to be involved in a fight at a home game than at an away game. Teams that fought proportionally more often in the second half of the season made the playoffs;teams that fought significantly less often did not. And, long distance air travel (flights involving more than 1000 miles or trips that required crossing at least one time zone) resulted in disproportionately more games with fights for eight different NHL teams.展开更多
China＇s booming ＂unicorns＂ benefit from the country＇s education system and social environment that put emphasis on science and innovation, which has laid a solid foundation for the innovation-driven development of...China＇s booming ＂unicorns＂ benefit from the country＇s education system and social environment that put emphasis on science and innovation, which has laid a solid foundation for the innovation-driven development of tech firms and the Chinese economy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disea...BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented a unique disruption to preseason NFL football with the cancelation of all preseason games.AIM To compare the incidence of ACL tears through the first eight weeks of the NFL season in 2020 to the mean incidence over the previous 5 seasons(2015-2019)and determine if there was any change in incidence with the elimination of the preseason.METHODS NFL players who suffered ACL tears during the preseason and first eight weeks of the NFL season from 2015-2020 were identified.The number of ACL injuries for the 2015-2019 seasons was compared to the 2020 season for four different timeframes.For each analysis,the cumulative number of ACL injuries to that time point was used to calculate the percent difference for descriptive analysis.Additionally,the number of teams with at least one player suffering an ACL tear were identified and compared using Chi-Squared testing.Finally,a cumulative relative risk was calculated for each week played.RESULTS There were 14 ACL tears through the first four games of the 2020 season,a 118.8%(14 vs 6.4)increase in comparison to the 5-year average over the first 4 regular season weeks of 2015-2019.However,when accounting for injuries occurring during the preseason from 2015-2019,there were 18.6%(14 vs 17.2)fewer total ACL injuries through regular season week 4 with no significant difference in percentage of teams impacted when these preseason injuries were accounted for P=0.394.Results were similar(19 vs 17.2)over 8 total games played(whether regular season or preseason),and over 8 regular season games(P=0.196,P=0.600).CONCLUSION The elimination of the NFL preseason resulted in a higher rate of injuries during the first 4 games of the regular season.However,these increases are offset by the injuries typically sustained during the preseason.This suggests there may be front-loading of injuries over the course of an NFL season,such that players may be more prone to injury when the intensity of play suddenly increases,whether in the preseason or regular season.展开更多
At the invitation of the China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE),a delegation of the Tunisian Human Rights League led by its president Jamal Musalem visited China from December 3rd to 6th.
Golf is played by millions around the world because of its accessibility to all age groups and the social nature of competition. One of the most popular ways to play with peers is through recurring league competitions...Golf is played by millions around the world because of its accessibility to all age groups and the social nature of competition. One of the most popular ways to play with peers is through recurring league competitions. However, league play requires extensive management because of the information handling and coordination involved. This paper presents the development of a web application which facilitates league management by automating and consolidating management processes. Using this application, golfers can easily create and join leagues of peers, store player information, organize competitions, and update scores throughout play. While some golf league applications already exist, none of these alternatives provide sufficient flexibility and automation at no cost. To address this need, the presented application enables the simultaneous management of multiple leagues and courses. The application also automatically generates teams for each competition based on player handicaps. To reduce management workload, responsibilities are distributed amongst all players and scores can be input and viewed live. While existing alternatives address some of these needs, there are none which provide all these features on one platform. By automating these processes and consolidating them into one application, golfers will be able to focus on the competitive and social experience of their leagues.展开更多
Over the past decades,video games have exploded in popularity,as thousands of enchanting games are released every year and millions of people become big fans of video games and this potential market offers plenty of w...Over the past decades,video games have exploded in popularity,as thousands of enchanting games are released every year and millions of people become big fans of video games and this potential market offers plenty of working opportunities for transla?tors,especially for those who major on English to Chinese translation due to China's dense population and millions of players.Howev?er,there are several challenges in terms of translating video games,for example,coined words and ambiguous terms,because most of them exist in merely made-up stories and virtual worlds created by programmers.Though it is challenging to some extent,the presen?tation that I have done on translating magic spells in Harry Pottery and its feedback provide me with insights into the way I process translation of special terms.Hence,this paper will focus on translating magic items in the most popular online game—League of Leg?ends from English to Chinese and the purpose of this paper is trying to find ways to produce a high quality translation.By using differ?ent techniques,the translation need be readable and understandable for e-players in China or it could preserve its original flavor to maintain and attract more fans of this game.This paper will introduce general background information about this game and some magic items.Afterwards,it will point out potential challenges when translating these magic items and apply translation strategies and tech?niques to deal with the difficulties and,in turn,evaluating these approaches.Finally,some thoughts and viable methods for translating magic items in video game field will be surmised.展开更多
Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League(hereinafter referred to as“Taimeng")is one of the Chinese democratic parties which were founded after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
基金Supported by Party Building Research Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology(2022DJ-11).
文摘In accordance with the pattern of"great ideology and politics",the Party and youth League organizations assume the role of vanguard in the organization of colleges and universities.Simultaneously,they serve as a pivotal force in ideological and political education.In order to construct a comprehensive ideological and political framework encompassing the entire educational process,it is of paramount importance to identify an efficacious methodology for Party building leading League construction.This paper employs a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the pivotal role of Party building leading League construction in facilitating ideological and political education.It also illuminates the practical challenges encountered in the implementation of Party building leading League construction initiatives within colleges and universities.The article proposes a specific path for Party building leading League construction in colleges and universities based on three key aspects:cohesion of the consensus of Party building leading League building,establishment of the institutional system of Party building leading League construction,and creation of the model brand of Party building leading League construction.The aim is to promote in-depth development of Party building in colleges and universities and enhance the quality and effect of ideological and political education.
文摘This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research methods, it summarized how the Democratic League of Huizhou College made good use of various activity carriers in ideological and political education. It combined discipline construction, scientific research platforms, school-government-enterprise, and other cooperation platforms. From educational methods to subject transformation and integration, and from daily teaching to social practice, it promoted the role of college teachers in the alliance to play the role of cultivating people in the era of college education reform. The aim was to put forward that in educating others, they should first educate themselves, teachers had two-way morality in terms of teacher ethics and professionalism, effectively integrated ideological and political courses into professional teaching and practice, and realized waiting for flowers to bloom in the “context”<sup>1</sup> teaching environment like the cultivation effect of salt in water.
文摘Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A literature review of player performance evaluation methods shows the need to develop a new performance evaluation index for Twenty20(T20)cricket.A novel framework was proposed to evaluate batsman strength based on individual performance,role in the team,and team interactions.Traditionally,proposed ranking systems are derived from static networks,that is,the aggregation of game results over time.However,the scores of the players(or teams)fluctuate over time.Intuitively,defeating a renowned player during peak performance is more rewarding than defeating the same player during other periods.To account for this,we propose a new method and apply it to the T20 format Indian Premier League.The method serves three main purposes:First,it creates a new performance index for players to rank them more accurately and effectively.Second,the players are clustered based on their expertise.In the third phase,a social network analysis approach is applied to visualize and analyze crickets as a network to gain better insights into players’team interactions.This novel approach is a helpful index for sports coaches,analysts,cricket fans,and managers to evaluate player performance and rank for future aspects.
基金Supported by projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92062216,41888101).
文摘Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.
文摘According to the survey data of meteorological disasters in the counties and the ground meteorological observation data of Xing'an League,a disaster risk index assessment model based on Arc GIS 10.3 was established taking hazard factors,hazard inducing environment,hazard-bearing body and disaster prevention and reduction capability into account.According to the degree of influence of each assessment factor,the risk coefficients of three meteorological disasters,drought,sand wind and frost were calculated,and risk zoning was conducted for various meteorological disasters.The results showed that among the major meteorological disasters in Xing'an League,drought had the highest risk degree,followed by frost,and sand wind had the lowest risk degree.In Xing'an League,the areas with high drought risk are mostly located in Aershan City and in the northwest of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner;the high-risk areas of sand wind are located in the north of Jalaid Banner,in the northwest and southeast of Tuquan County,and in the central and southeastern parts of the Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner;and the eastern part of Ulanhot,the southeastern part of Jalaid Banner,the southeastern part of Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner and the central part of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner are highly threatened by frost.The analysis results can provide some reference for disaster prevention and reduction and meteorological decision making in the local areas.
文摘This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on the competitions among teams and players. Like other meta-heuristic methods, the proposed technique starts with an initial population. Population individuals called players are in two types: fixed players and substitutes that all together form some teams. The competition among teams to take the possession of the top ranked positions in the league table and the internal competitions between players in each team for personal improvements results in the convergence of population individuals to the global optimum. Results of applying the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear systems of equations demonstrate that SLC converges to the answer more accurately and rapidly in comparison with other Meta-heuristic and Newton-type methods.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0500201,2016YFC0501001)the Key Laboratory Cooperative Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601036)。
文摘The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent coefficient method to assess its ESVs from 1975 to 2015,by determining the standard unit of ESVs and the basic equivalent of the value of different ecosystem services per unit area based on the regional characteristics,literature research,expert knowledge and land use data.The results show that the ESVs first decreased from 83170.4 million yuan(RMB)in 1975 to 82337.8 million yuan(RMB)in 2000 and then increased to84033.6 million yuan(RMB)in 2015,and the ESV of sparse grassland and desert account for about 33%and 29%of the total ESVs,respectively.Among the four service types,the regulating services,support services,supply services and cultural services account for66.5%,22.8%,6.0%and 4.7%,respectively.The changes of ESVs in Alxa League are determined by the socio-economic development and ecological changes.This study provides a new method to estimate the ESVs in arid region by integrating existing methods and regional characteristics,such as the cost of water for arid ecosystems.
文摘In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is approached by the total expenses which include players’ wage bill and wage of the support staff and other miscellaneous expenses. Output is measured by the points awarded, net run rate, profit and revenues. Efficiency scores are highly correlated with the performance in the league with a few exception, and when decomposing inefficiency into technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency it can be shown that the largest part of inefficiency can be explained by suboptimal scale of production and ineffficient transformation of inputs into outputs.
文摘[Objective] The causes of drought in summer in Alashan League in 2010 were discussed. [Method] Through the discussion of climate background, circulation characteristics, subtropical high and ocean temperature of the severe drought in Alashan League in Inner Mongolia during the flooding time, the potential causes of drought in Alashan League in summer in 2010 were discussed. [Result] The circulation around Alashan League and surroundings in 850 hPa was weak. Especially the southerly was extremely weak and it restricted the transportation of southerly water vapor towards Inner Mongolia, which was one of the direct reasons of drought; the 500 hPa high pressure ridge controlled Alashan League, and resulted into long-term drought and lasting high temperature. The summer seasonal wind was weak and arrived land in Alashan League. The northwest pacific subtropical high was large and strong. Only when subtropical high was strong and merged as well as strengthened with high pressure ridge around middle and high latitude in the lower reaches 130°-140° E, can rain be generated. However, the latter condition was limited in summer in 2010. When the ocean temperature around 30°-50° N and 140°-150° E was low in the north and high in the south, there would be less rain in Alashan League. [Conclusion] The study provided relevant information and technological support for the drought disaster warning forecast, drought observation system, and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.
文摘The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league baseball(MLB) pitchers over the past 10 years.UCL reconstruction(UCLR) is the current gold standard of treatment for these injuries in MLB pitchers who wish to return to sport(RTS) at a high level and who have failed a course of non-operative treatment.Results following UCLR in MLB pitchers have been encouraging,with multiple RTS rates now cited at greater than 80%.Unfortunately,with the rising number of UCLR,there has also been a spike in the number of revision UCLR in MLB pitchers.Similar to primary UCLR,the etiology of the increase in revision UCLR,aside from an increase in the number of pitchers who have undergone a primary UCLR,remains elusive.The current literature has attempted to address several questions including those surrounding surgical technique(method of exposure,graft choice,management of the ulnar nerve,concomitant elbow arthroscopy,etc.),post-operative rehabilitation strategies,and timing of RTS following UCLR.While some questions have been answered,many remain unknown.The literature surrounding UCLR in MLB pitchers will be reviewed,and future directions regarding this injury in these high level athletes will be discussed.
文摘The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only one team (Toronto Maple Leafs) was more likely to be involved in a fight at a home game than at an away game. Teams that fought proportionally more often in the second half of the season made the playoffs;teams that fought significantly less often did not. And, long distance air travel (flights involving more than 1000 miles or trips that required crossing at least one time zone) resulted in disproportionately more games with fights for eight different NHL teams.
文摘China＇s booming ＂unicorns＂ benefit from the country＇s education system and social environment that put emphasis on science and innovation, which has laid a solid foundation for the innovation-driven development of tech firms and the Chinese economy.
文摘BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented a unique disruption to preseason NFL football with the cancelation of all preseason games.AIM To compare the incidence of ACL tears through the first eight weeks of the NFL season in 2020 to the mean incidence over the previous 5 seasons(2015-2019)and determine if there was any change in incidence with the elimination of the preseason.METHODS NFL players who suffered ACL tears during the preseason and first eight weeks of the NFL season from 2015-2020 were identified.The number of ACL injuries for the 2015-2019 seasons was compared to the 2020 season for four different timeframes.For each analysis,the cumulative number of ACL injuries to that time point was used to calculate the percent difference for descriptive analysis.Additionally,the number of teams with at least one player suffering an ACL tear were identified and compared using Chi-Squared testing.Finally,a cumulative relative risk was calculated for each week played.RESULTS There were 14 ACL tears through the first four games of the 2020 season,a 118.8%(14 vs 6.4)increase in comparison to the 5-year average over the first 4 regular season weeks of 2015-2019.However,when accounting for injuries occurring during the preseason from 2015-2019,there were 18.6%(14 vs 17.2)fewer total ACL injuries through regular season week 4 with no significant difference in percentage of teams impacted when these preseason injuries were accounted for P=0.394.Results were similar(19 vs 17.2)over 8 total games played(whether regular season or preseason),and over 8 regular season games(P=0.196,P=0.600).CONCLUSION The elimination of the NFL preseason resulted in a higher rate of injuries during the first 4 games of the regular season.However,these increases are offset by the injuries typically sustained during the preseason.This suggests there may be front-loading of injuries over the course of an NFL season,such that players may be more prone to injury when the intensity of play suddenly increases,whether in the preseason or regular season.
文摘At the invitation of the China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE),a delegation of the Tunisian Human Rights League led by its president Jamal Musalem visited China from December 3rd to 6th.
文摘Golf is played by millions around the world because of its accessibility to all age groups and the social nature of competition. One of the most popular ways to play with peers is through recurring league competitions. However, league play requires extensive management because of the information handling and coordination involved. This paper presents the development of a web application which facilitates league management by automating and consolidating management processes. Using this application, golfers can easily create and join leagues of peers, store player information, organize competitions, and update scores throughout play. While some golf league applications already exist, none of these alternatives provide sufficient flexibility and automation at no cost. To address this need, the presented application enables the simultaneous management of multiple leagues and courses. The application also automatically generates teams for each competition based on player handicaps. To reduce management workload, responsibilities are distributed amongst all players and scores can be input and viewed live. While existing alternatives address some of these needs, there are none which provide all these features on one platform. By automating these processes and consolidating them into one application, golfers will be able to focus on the competitive and social experience of their leagues.
文摘Over the past decades,video games have exploded in popularity,as thousands of enchanting games are released every year and millions of people become big fans of video games and this potential market offers plenty of working opportunities for transla?tors,especially for those who major on English to Chinese translation due to China's dense population and millions of players.Howev?er,there are several challenges in terms of translating video games,for example,coined words and ambiguous terms,because most of them exist in merely made-up stories and virtual worlds created by programmers.Though it is challenging to some extent,the presen?tation that I have done on translating magic spells in Harry Pottery and its feedback provide me with insights into the way I process translation of special terms.Hence,this paper will focus on translating magic items in the most popular online game—League of Leg?ends from English to Chinese and the purpose of this paper is trying to find ways to produce a high quality translation.By using differ?ent techniques,the translation need be readable and understandable for e-players in China or it could preserve its original flavor to maintain and attract more fans of this game.This paper will introduce general background information about this game and some magic items.Afterwards,it will point out potential challenges when translating these magic items and apply translation strategies and tech?niques to deal with the difficulties and,in turn,evaluating these approaches.Finally,some thoughts and viable methods for translating magic items in video game field will be surmised.
文摘Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League(hereinafter referred to as“Taimeng")is one of the Chinese democratic parties which were founded after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
