This research investigates the comparative efficacy of generating zero divisor graphs (ZDGs) of the ring of integers ℤ<sub>n</sub> modulo n using MAPLE algorithm. Zero divisor graphs, pivotal in the study ...This research investigates the comparative efficacy of generating zero divisor graphs (ZDGs) of the ring of integers ℤ<sub>n</sub> modulo n using MAPLE algorithm. Zero divisor graphs, pivotal in the study of ring theory, depict relationships between elements of a ring that multiply to zero. The paper explores the development and implementation of algorithms in MAPLE for constructing these ZDGs. The comparative study aims to discern the strengths, limitations, and computational efficiency of different MAPLE algorithms for creating zero divisor graphs offering insights for mathematicians, researchers, and computational enthusiasts involved in ring theory and mathematical computations.展开更多
Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is ...Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our ICT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NIST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NIST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of European partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.展开更多
In this paper,we study the time-asymptotically nonlinear stability of rarefaction waves for the Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations for a reacting mixture with zero heat conductivity in one dime...In this paper,we study the time-asymptotically nonlinear stability of rarefaction waves for the Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations for a reacting mixture with zero heat conductivity in one dimension.If the corresponding Riemann problem for the compressible Euler system admits the solutions consisting of rarefaction waves only,it is shown that its Cauchy problem has a unique global solution which tends time-asymptotically towards the rarefaction waves,while the initial perturbation and the strength of rarefaction waves are suitably small.展开更多
In this paper,we study the zero dissipation limit with a vacuum for the reacting mixture Navier-Stokes equations.For proper smooth initial data that the initial density tends to zero as the relevant physical coefficie...In this paper,we study the zero dissipation limit with a vacuum for the reacting mixture Navier-Stokes equations.For proper smooth initial data that the initial density tends to zero as the relevant physical coefficients tend to zero,we demonstrate that the solution tends to a rarefaction wave connected to a vacuum on the left side coupled with a zero mass fraction of reactant.What is more,the uniform convergence rate is obtained.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the initial boundary problem of the two-dimensional density-dependent Boussinesq equations.It is shown that the solutions of the Boussinesq equation...This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the initial boundary problem of the two-dimensional density-dependent Boussinesq equations.It is shown that the solutions of the Boussinesq equations converge to those of zero thermal diffusivity Boussinesq equations as the thermal diffusivity tends to zero,and the convergence rate is established.In addition,we prove that the boundary-layer thickness is of the valueδ(k)=k^(α)with anyα∈(0,1/4)for a small diffusivity coefficient k>0,and we also find a function to describe the properties of the boundary layer.展开更多
In this paper,suppose that a,c∈C{0},c_(j)∈C(j=1,2,···,n) are not all zeros and n≥2,and f (z) is a finite order transcendental entire function with Borel finite exceptional value or with infinitely ma...In this paper,suppose that a,c∈C{0},c_(j)∈C(j=1,2,···,n) are not all zeros and n≥2,and f (z) is a finite order transcendental entire function with Borel finite exceptional value or with infinitely many multiple zeros,the zero distribution of difference polynomials of f (z+c)-af^(n)(z) and f (z)f (z+c_1)···f (z+c_n) are investigated.A number of examples are also presented to show that our results are best possible in a certain sense.展开更多
One-dimensional s-wave superconductor with spin-orbit coupling is a platform for the realization of Majorana zero modes. The spin-exchange with the magnetic skyrmion lattice can induce spin-orbit coupling in a s-wave ...One-dimensional s-wave superconductor with spin-orbit coupling is a platform for the realization of Majorana zero modes. The spin-exchange with the magnetic skyrmion lattice can induce spin-orbit coupling in a s-wave superconductor system and the effects are different from the constant spin–orbit coupling. The strength of the effective spin–orbit coupling as well as the rich topoloigcal phase diagram are directly connected to the radius of the skyrmion lattice R. We obtain the rich topological phase diagram of this system with different skyrmion lattice radii by numerically evaluating the spectrum of the system under the periodic boundary condition, and we also find the Majorana zero modes under the open boundary condition to verify the bulk–edge correspondence.展开更多
The paper is devoted to non-homogeneous second-order differential equations with polynomial right parts and polynomial coefficients.We derive estimates for the partial sums and products of the zeros of solutions to th...The paper is devoted to non-homogeneous second-order differential equations with polynomial right parts and polynomial coefficients.We derive estimates for the partial sums and products of the zeros of solutions to the considered equations.These estimates give us bounds for the function counting the zeros of solutions and information about the zero-free domains.展开更多
Image authentication techniques have recently received a lot of attention for protecting images against unauthorized access.Due to the wide use of the Internet nowadays,the need to ensure data integrity and authentica...Image authentication techniques have recently received a lot of attention for protecting images against unauthorized access.Due to the wide use of the Internet nowadays,the need to ensure data integrity and authentication increases.Many techniques,such as watermarking and encryption,are used for securing images transmitted via the Internet.The majority of watermarking systems are PC-based,but they are not very portable.Hardwarebased watermarking methods need to be developed to accommodate real-time applications and provide portability.This paper presents hybrid data security techniques using a zero watermarking method to provide copyright protection for the transmitted color images using multi-channel orthogonal Legendre Fourier moments of fractional orders(MFrLFMs)and the advanced encryption standard(AES)algorithm on a low-cost Raspberry Pi.In order to increase embedding robustness,the watermark picture is scrambled using the Arnold method.Zero watermarking is implemented on the Raspberry Pi to produce a real-time ownership verification key.Before sending the ownership verification key and the original image to the monitoring station,we can encrypt the transmitted data with AES for additional security and hide any viewable information.The receiver next verifies the received image’s integrity to confirm its authenticity and that it has not been tampered with.We assessed the suggested algorithm’s resistance to many attacks.The suggested algorithm provides a reasonable degree of robustness while still being perceptible.The proposed method provides improved bit error rate(BER)and normalized correlation(NC)values compared to previous zero watermarking approaches.AES performance analysis is performed to demonstrate its effectiveness.Using a 256×256 image size,it takes only 2 s to apply the zero-watermark algorithm on the Raspberry Pi.展开更多
The international efforts to limit climate change are increasing, that during the COP26 convention, reaching Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions became part of the global goals for many countries and entities. One of th...The international efforts to limit climate change are increasing, that during the COP26 convention, reaching Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions became part of the global goals for many countries and entities. One of the sectors that holds the responsibility of addressing the impacts of climate change is the healthcare sector, and accordingly, it is also encouraged to take a leading role in maintaining its sustainability and be a role model for the other sectors. Additionally, the buildings sector, through the World Green Building council, has taken the initiative to launch the Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment for the sector. Based on these practices, the work presented aims to introduce and formulate an Approaching Net Zero assessment methodology to be integrated as part of the sustainability criteria and rating system for healthcare facilities in developing countries. The methodology planned is based on four different aspects which are: 1) Approaching Net Zero Energy, 2) Approaching Net Zero Wastewater, 3) Approaching Net Zero Solid Waste, and 4) Approaching Net Zero GHG emissions. The facility should have achieved a Green Building certification through any certification body, and then apply for the aspect on which it requires to be assessed. The assessment methodology follows a systematic approach, where a baseline year of normal operation is determined for existing facilities to act as a base of assessment, and normal design practices for new facilities Based on the assessment and proof of performance enhancement, the facility will either be awarded a basic certificate for achieving continuous savings, or additionally be awarded a best performance certificate compared to other facilities in the same category.展开更多
Introduction: The relationship between religion and health has been a topic of interest in the past, and in recent years it has become increasingly visible in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. This work ai...Introduction: The relationship between religion and health has been a topic of interest in the past, and in recent years it has become increasingly visible in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. This work aims to study the influence of religion on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children aged 12 - 23 months in Benin and Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which consisted in carrying out secondary analyzes using the databases of the most recent editions of the Demographic and Health Surveys in Benin and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) in Togo. We extracted data concerning the vaccination status (“1 = zero-dose”, “0 = vaccinated”) of the children, the religious affiliation of the head of the household or the mother and other variables related to the child, the mother, the household and the environment. By means of a logistic regression, the adjusted effect of the religious affiliation of the head of the household or of the mother on the vaccination status at “zero-dose” was determined. Results: A total of 2430 and 933 children were respectively included in the study on behalf of Benin and Togo. The prevalence of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children aged 12 - 23 months was 33.91% (95% CI = 31.67 - 36.23) in Benin and this prevalence was 26.88% (95% CI = 23.50 - 30.55) in Togo. In Benin, there is no evidence in favour of the influence of the religious affiliation of the mother on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children. In Togo, children living in households whose head was Muslim (ORa = 3.44;95% CI = 1.29 - 9.13) were more likely to be “zero-dose” than those coming from households run by individuals with no religious beliefs. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand the basis for the excess risk of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children that appears to be associated with the Muslim religion.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target tracking tasks can currently be successfully completed in daytime situations with enough lighting, but they are unable to do so in nighttime scenes with inadequate lighting, poor c...Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target tracking tasks can currently be successfully completed in daytime situations with enough lighting, but they are unable to do so in nighttime scenes with inadequate lighting, poor contrast, and low signal-to-noise ratio. This letter presents an enhanced low-light enhancer for UAV nighttime tracking based on Zero-DCE++ due to its ad-vantages of low processing cost and quick inference. We developed a light-weight UCBAM capable of integrating channel information and spatial features and offered a fully considered curve projection model in light of the low signal-to-noise ratio of night scenes. This method significantly improved the tracking performance of the UAV tracker in night situations when tested on the public UAVDark135 and compared to other cutting-edge low-light enhancers. By applying our work to different trackers, this search shows how broadly applicable it is.展开更多
In this note, we investigated existence and uniqueness of entropy solution for triply nonlinear degenerate parabolic problem with zero-flux boundary condition. Accordingly to the case of doubly nonlinear degenerate pa...In this note, we investigated existence and uniqueness of entropy solution for triply nonlinear degenerate parabolic problem with zero-flux boundary condition. Accordingly to the case of doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic hyperbolic equation, we propose a generalization of entropy formulation and prove existence and uniqueness result without any structure condition.展开更多
文摘This research investigates the comparative efficacy of generating zero divisor graphs (ZDGs) of the ring of integers ℤ<sub>n</sub> modulo n using MAPLE algorithm. Zero divisor graphs, pivotal in the study of ring theory, depict relationships between elements of a ring that multiply to zero. The paper explores the development and implementation of algorithms in MAPLE for constructing these ZDGs. The comparative study aims to discern the strengths, limitations, and computational efficiency of different MAPLE algorithms for creating zero divisor graphs offering insights for mathematicians, researchers, and computational enthusiasts involved in ring theory and mathematical computations.
文摘Cybercrime is projected to cost a whopping $23.8 Trillion by 2027. This is essentially because there’s no computer network that’s not vulnerable. Fool-proof cybersecurity of personal data in a connected computer is considered practically impossible. The advent of quantum computers (QC) will worsen cybersecurity. QC will be a boon for data-intensive industries by drastically reducing the computing time from years to minutes. But QC will render our current cryptography vulnerable to quantum attacks, breaking nearly all modern cryptographic systems. Before QCs with sufficient qubits arrive, we must be ready with quantum-safe strategies to protect our ICT infrastructures. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is being aggressively pursued worldwide as a defence from the potential Q-day threat. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), in a rigorous process, tested 82 PQC schemes, 80 of which failed after the final round in 2022. Recently the remaining two PQCs were also cracked by a Swedish and a French team of cryptographers, placing NIST’s PQC standardization process in serious jeopardy. With all the NIST-evaluated PQCs failing, there’s an urgent need to explore alternate strategies. Although cybersecurity heavily relies on cryptography, recent evidence indicates that it can indeed transcend beyond encryption using Zero Vulnerability Computing (ZVC) technology. ZVC is an encryption-agnostic absolute zero trust (AZT) approach that can potentially render computers quantum resistant by banning all third-party permissions, a root cause of most vulnerabilities. Unachievable in legacy systems, AZT is pursued by an experienced consortium of European partners to build compact, solid-state devices that are robust, resilient, energy-efficient, and with zero attack surface, rendering them resistant to malware and future Q-Day threats.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(1182004,Z180007,1192001).
文摘In this paper,we study the time-asymptotically nonlinear stability of rarefaction waves for the Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations for a reacting mixture with zero heat conductivity in one dimension.If the corresponding Riemann problem for the compressible Euler system admits the solutions consisting of rarefaction waves only,it is shown that its Cauchy problem has a unique global solution which tends time-asymptotically towards the rarefaction waves,while the initial perturbation and the strength of rarefaction waves are suitably small.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11971193 and 12171001)。
文摘In this paper,we study the zero dissipation limit with a vacuum for the reacting mixture Navier-Stokes equations.For proper smooth initial data that the initial density tends to zero as the relevant physical coefficients tend to zero,we demonstrate that the solution tends to a rarefaction wave connected to a vacuum on the left side coupled with a zero mass fraction of reactant.What is more,the uniform convergence rate is obtained.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061037,11971209)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212BAB201016)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11861038)。
文摘This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the initial boundary problem of the two-dimensional density-dependent Boussinesq equations.It is shown that the solutions of the Boussinesq equations converge to those of zero thermal diffusivity Boussinesq equations as the thermal diffusivity tends to zero,and the convergence rate is established.In addition,we prove that the boundary-layer thickness is of the valueδ(k)=k^(α)with anyα∈(0,1/4)for a small diffusivity coefficient k>0,and we also find a function to describe the properties of the boundary layer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11926201)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030313508)。
文摘In this paper,suppose that a,c∈C{0},c_(j)∈C(j=1,2,···,n) are not all zeros and n≥2,and f (z) is a finite order transcendental entire function with Borel finite exceptional value or with infinitely many multiple zeros,the zero distribution of difference polynomials of f (z+c)-af^(n)(z) and f (z)f (z+c_1)···f (z+c_n) are investigated.A number of examples are also presented to show that our results are best possible in a certain sense.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2021YFA1400900,2021YFA0718300,and 2021YFA1400243)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61835013)。
文摘One-dimensional s-wave superconductor with spin-orbit coupling is a platform for the realization of Majorana zero modes. The spin-exchange with the magnetic skyrmion lattice can induce spin-orbit coupling in a s-wave superconductor system and the effects are different from the constant spin–orbit coupling. The strength of the effective spin–orbit coupling as well as the rich topoloigcal phase diagram are directly connected to the radius of the skyrmion lattice R. We obtain the rich topological phase diagram of this system with different skyrmion lattice radii by numerically evaluating the spectrum of the system under the periodic boundary condition, and we also find the Majorana zero modes under the open boundary condition to verify the bulk–edge correspondence.
文摘The paper is devoted to non-homogeneous second-order differential equations with polynomial right parts and polynomial coefficients.We derive estimates for the partial sums and products of the zeros of solutions to the considered equations.These estimates give us bounds for the function counting the zeros of solutions and information about the zero-free domains.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2023R442)。
文摘Image authentication techniques have recently received a lot of attention for protecting images against unauthorized access.Due to the wide use of the Internet nowadays,the need to ensure data integrity and authentication increases.Many techniques,such as watermarking and encryption,are used for securing images transmitted via the Internet.The majority of watermarking systems are PC-based,but they are not very portable.Hardwarebased watermarking methods need to be developed to accommodate real-time applications and provide portability.This paper presents hybrid data security techniques using a zero watermarking method to provide copyright protection for the transmitted color images using multi-channel orthogonal Legendre Fourier moments of fractional orders(MFrLFMs)and the advanced encryption standard(AES)algorithm on a low-cost Raspberry Pi.In order to increase embedding robustness,the watermark picture is scrambled using the Arnold method.Zero watermarking is implemented on the Raspberry Pi to produce a real-time ownership verification key.Before sending the ownership verification key and the original image to the monitoring station,we can encrypt the transmitted data with AES for additional security and hide any viewable information.The receiver next verifies the received image’s integrity to confirm its authenticity and that it has not been tampered with.We assessed the suggested algorithm’s resistance to many attacks.The suggested algorithm provides a reasonable degree of robustness while still being perceptible.The proposed method provides improved bit error rate(BER)and normalized correlation(NC)values compared to previous zero watermarking approaches.AES performance analysis is performed to demonstrate its effectiveness.Using a 256×256 image size,it takes only 2 s to apply the zero-watermark algorithm on the Raspberry Pi.
文摘The international efforts to limit climate change are increasing, that during the COP26 convention, reaching Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions became part of the global goals for many countries and entities. One of the sectors that holds the responsibility of addressing the impacts of climate change is the healthcare sector, and accordingly, it is also encouraged to take a leading role in maintaining its sustainability and be a role model for the other sectors. Additionally, the buildings sector, through the World Green Building council, has taken the initiative to launch the Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment for the sector. Based on these practices, the work presented aims to introduce and formulate an Approaching Net Zero assessment methodology to be integrated as part of the sustainability criteria and rating system for healthcare facilities in developing countries. The methodology planned is based on four different aspects which are: 1) Approaching Net Zero Energy, 2) Approaching Net Zero Wastewater, 3) Approaching Net Zero Solid Waste, and 4) Approaching Net Zero GHG emissions. The facility should have achieved a Green Building certification through any certification body, and then apply for the aspect on which it requires to be assessed. The assessment methodology follows a systematic approach, where a baseline year of normal operation is determined for existing facilities to act as a base of assessment, and normal design practices for new facilities Based on the assessment and proof of performance enhancement, the facility will either be awarded a basic certificate for achieving continuous savings, or additionally be awarded a best performance certificate compared to other facilities in the same category.
文摘Introduction: The relationship between religion and health has been a topic of interest in the past, and in recent years it has become increasingly visible in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. This work aims to study the influence of religion on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children aged 12 - 23 months in Benin and Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which consisted in carrying out secondary analyzes using the databases of the most recent editions of the Demographic and Health Surveys in Benin and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) in Togo. We extracted data concerning the vaccination status (“1 = zero-dose”, “0 = vaccinated”) of the children, the religious affiliation of the head of the household or the mother and other variables related to the child, the mother, the household and the environment. By means of a logistic regression, the adjusted effect of the religious affiliation of the head of the household or of the mother on the vaccination status at “zero-dose” was determined. Results: A total of 2430 and 933 children were respectively included in the study on behalf of Benin and Togo. The prevalence of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children aged 12 - 23 months was 33.91% (95% CI = 31.67 - 36.23) in Benin and this prevalence was 26.88% (95% CI = 23.50 - 30.55) in Togo. In Benin, there is no evidence in favour of the influence of the religious affiliation of the mother on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children. In Togo, children living in households whose head was Muslim (ORa = 3.44;95% CI = 1.29 - 9.13) were more likely to be “zero-dose” than those coming from households run by individuals with no religious beliefs. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand the basis for the excess risk of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children that appears to be associated with the Muslim religion.
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target tracking tasks can currently be successfully completed in daytime situations with enough lighting, but they are unable to do so in nighttime scenes with inadequate lighting, poor contrast, and low signal-to-noise ratio. This letter presents an enhanced low-light enhancer for UAV nighttime tracking based on Zero-DCE++ due to its ad-vantages of low processing cost and quick inference. We developed a light-weight UCBAM capable of integrating channel information and spatial features and offered a fully considered curve projection model in light of the low signal-to-noise ratio of night scenes. This method significantly improved the tracking performance of the UAV tracker in night situations when tested on the public UAVDark135 and compared to other cutting-edge low-light enhancers. By applying our work to different trackers, this search shows how broadly applicable it is.
文摘In this note, we investigated existence and uniqueness of entropy solution for triply nonlinear degenerate parabolic problem with zero-flux boundary condition. Accordingly to the case of doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic hyperbolic equation, we propose a generalization of entropy formulation and prove existence and uniqueness result without any structure condition.
