[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal do...[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.展开更多
In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. wa...In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. was sampled according to the ISO 7002 standard for agricultural and food products. The selected fruits were ripe, without physical damage. The usual analytical methods allowed the determination of the nutritional value of the fruit pulp of Annona muricata L. The water content was measured by the method of loss of mass on drying. The total amount of ash was determined by incineration in the oven at 550°C. The mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP0). The determination of acute toxicity was carried out on 25 female mice of the NMRI SUISSE species according to OECD 425 guidelines. For 100 grams of fresh material from the fruit pulp, we noted a very high water content of 84% ± 6%. We also note a particularly high amount of carbohydrates with a rate of 12.2% ± 2%. Protein and lipid content were relatively low at 1% ± 0.01% and 0.7% ± 0.3% respectively. The dietary fiber content was 0.8% ± 0.2%. An energy value of 49.3 Kcal per 100 grams of pulp was determined. The LD 50 obtained was 3320 mg/kg, indicating slight toxicity of soursop seeds. The results of this study show that the white pulp of the fruit of Annona muricata L. consumed in Kinshasa is rich in carbohydrates when we compare it to others biomolecules. It also contains dietary fiber and mineral salts making soursop an excellent constituent of a weight loss diet with a low energy intake.展开更多
Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the...Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage) were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys(P < 0.05). The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone and costal cartilage) were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.展开更多
An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results o...An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the acute toxicity and toxicokinetics of Tongguan Powder in rats,and provide references for clinical safe medication.[Methods]The classical acute toxicity test method was used,rats were given d...[Objectives]To evaluate the acute toxicity and toxicokinetics of Tongguan Powder in rats,and provide references for clinical safe medication.[Methods]The classical acute toxicity test method was used,rats were given different doses of Tongguan Powder through the mouth and nasal cavity to observe the symptoms of toxicity,and make a record of the food intake,weight changes,and death.After the medication,blood was taken from each group of rats at different time points,and the plasma levels of benzoyl aconitine(BA),benzoyl hypaconine(BH)and benzoyl mesaconine(BM)were determined by the liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the toxicokinetic parameters were fitted with the aid of DAS software.[Results]Rats were given Tongguan Powder 3.75 g/kg(equivalent to 54 times the human daily dose)in the nasal cavity of rats.Rats were observed with reactions such as scratching and sneezing;rats were given Tongguan Powder LD50 and 95%confidence limit of 4.15(3.53-4.71)g/kg through the oral administration,which is equivalent to 60 times the human daily dose,rats showed slow weight gain,decreased food intake,decreased voluntary activities,prone,black stools,etc.One hour after nasal administration of Tongguan Powder,the plasma concentration of benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl hypaconine was below the lower limit of detection,and benzoyl mesaconine could not be detected at any time point;one hour after the oral administration of Tongguan Powder,the plasma concentration of the three components reached the maximum,the exposure level of benzoyl hypaconine was higher than that of benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl mesaconine;there was no gender difference in the kinetic parameters.[Conclusions]The toxicity of Tongguan Powder in nasal administration is much lower than that of intragastric administration.The target organs and mechanism of toxicity need to be further studied.展开更多
The acute toxicity of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna and Barchydanio rerio was analyzed using semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. The results showed that the ...The acute toxicity of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna and Barchydanio rerio was analyzed using semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. The results showed that the 96 h-EC50 of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) on C. vulgaris was 3.97 μg/L, the 48 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of BDE-47 on D. magna were 1.09 and 0.84 mg/L respectively, and the 96 h-LC50 of BDE-47 on B. rerio was higher than 56.2 mg/L. According to the grading standard of toxicity evaluation, BDE-47 had extremely high toxicity to C. vulgaris, high toxicity to D. magna, and low to medium toxicity to B. rerio. The toxicity of BDE-47 to C. vulgaris, D. magna and B. rerio followed the order of C. vulgaris>D. magna>B. rerio. For the water solubility of BDE-47 is extremely low(15 μg/L), it could not cause the acute poisoning death of D. magna and B. rerio.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris and provide basic data for protecting aquatic ecosystems. [Methods] Th...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris and provide basic data for protecting aquatic ecosystems. [Methods] The acute toxicity effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether on C. vulgaris was investigated by the semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. [Results] The 48,72 and 96 h-EC(50) of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris were23. 58,18. 71 and 14. 75 μg/L,respectively,and the safe concentration of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris was 1. 475μg/L. For the water solubility of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether is extremely low( 1 μg/L),it could not cause the acute poisoning death of C. vulgaris. According to the grading standards for the assessment of the toxicity on algae,2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether was extremely highly toxic to C. vulgaris. [Conclusions]The extremely high toxicity of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris shows that it has heavy potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and the maximum residue limit standards of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether in water should be formulated to better protect aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8...[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8 common environmental organisms, such as Coturnix coturnix japonica, Apis mellifera L., Eisenia foetida, Bombyx mori, Trichogramma japonicum, Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus obliquus were carried out. [Results] Prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to D. magna EC50(48 h): 1.11 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.00-1.26 mg a.i./L;B. rerio LC50(96 h): 2.84 mg a.i./L, with a 95 % Confidence limit of 2.43-3.48 mg a.i./L;S. obliquus ErC50(72 h): 1.88×10^-2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.70×10^-2-2.16×10^-2 mg a.i./L;C. coturnix LD50(168 h): 1.01×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight, with a 95% confidence limit of 7.87×10^2-1.27×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight;T. japonicum LR50(24 h): 2.53×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2, with a 95% confidence limit of 2.14×10^-3-2.99×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2;B. mori LC50(96 h): 2.03×10^2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.79×10^2-2.30×10^2 mg a.i./L;A. mellifera(peroral) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;A. mellifera(contact) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;E. foetida LC50(14 d)>1.00×10^2 mg a.i./kg dry soil. According to the Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating Degradation Kinetics in Environmental Media for Pesticide Registration, prochloraz-manganese chloride complex had low toxicity to A. mellifera, C. coturnix, B. mori and E. foetida, medium toxicity to D. magna and B. rerio, and high toxicity and low risk to S. obliquus and T. japonicum. [Conclusions] This study provides a data basis for the toxicity and environmental safety evaluation of the agent.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The long-term neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) mainly caused by repeated exposure to MDMA or a single big dose of MDMA, which results in degeneration of serotonin terminal of centr...BACKGROUND: The long-term neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) mainly caused by repeated exposure to MDMA or a single big dose of MDMA, which results in degeneration of serotonin terminal of central nervous system, and someone believe that the great release of serotonin transmitter in central nervous system will lead to anxious mood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of anxiety related behaviors in rats after single administration of different doses of MDMA. DESIGN: A randomized control study. SETTING: Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. MATERIALS: Thirty male adult Wistar rats, weighing (251.3±18.34) g, were used. MDMA were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, and dissolved in saline. All the doses of the drug were administered in a volume of 1 mg/kg. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University in July 2003. ①The rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=24), and then those in the latter were randomly assigned into four subgroups of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg groups, with 6 rats in each, which were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively, and those in the control group were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of saline of the same volume. ② The open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were performed immediately after administration. For the open field test, the apparatus was situated in a darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 60 cm above the center of the open field. Before administration, all the rats were placed into the open field to be familiar with the open field for 5 minutes. They were observed for 45 minutes after administration. The locomotion (number of squares the rat passes), rearing response, time spent in central squares and defecation were observed, 1 minute for each time for a total of 9 times. For the elevated plus-maze test, the maze was situated in a quiet darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 50 cm above the center of the maze. Arm entries were only counted when all the four paws had entered either a closed or an open arm within 5 minutes, and the time spent in the arms were observed. For the social interaction test, the matched rats were put into the arena head-to-head in opposite direction, and aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive and exploration were observed. ③ The one-way analysis of variance was performed with the SPSS 10.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were observed. RESULTS: All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of open field test: After single administration of MDMA of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, the dose-dependent locomotors (number of squares the rat passes) in the experimental groups were obviously higher than those in the control group [(21.67±17.55), (34.44±19.47), (33.48±23.34), (7.31±6.02) s; P < 0.05], and the rearing responses were markedly lower than those in the control group [(0.70±1.71), (0.96±1.68), (0.39±0.88), (1.37±1.59) s, P < 0.05]. ② Results of the elevated plus-maze test: After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the number of open-arms entries, the open-arms time, the percent of number of open arm entries/total arm entries, and the percent of time spent on the open arms/total time (P > 0.05). ③ Results of the social international test: After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive, exploration and total time of interaction (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: The acute administration of MDMA has no obvious influence on the anxiety-related behaviors of rats.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the acute toxicity of the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules on mice and provide a theoretical basis for clinical medication safety.Methods:The mice were not deprived of water for 16...Background:To evaluate the acute toxicity of the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules on mice and provide a theoretical basis for clinical medication safety.Methods:The mice were not deprived of water for 16 h after fasting,and were intragastrically given the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules at the maximum mass concentration(0.55 g/mL)and the maximum volume(0.04 mL/g body weight)2 times within 24 hours.The toxicity was observed and recorded within 14 days after administration.At the end of the experiment,the biochemical indexes of mice were detected.The liver,heart,spleen,lung,and kidney were dissected and observed after executing mice to weigh the wet weight and calculate the coefficient of viscera.Results:There was no death after the mice were given 342.32 g/kg of crude medicine of the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules.No significant differences were detected in body weight,biochemical indexes,visceral index between the experiment group and the control group.Conclusion:There is no acute toxicity in mice.The maximum tolerable dose is 342.32 g/kg,which is 144 times of clinical dose.展开更多
Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiparasitaire activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, ...Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiparasitaire activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania infantum, the multidrug-resistant K1 and chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strains of Plasmodium falciparum indicated that all samples from the leaves extract presented interesting antiparasitaire activity at different extents. The 80% methanol extract, its chloroform acid, petroleum ether and 80% methanol soluble fractions and the aqueous extract exhibited strong activity against Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. cruzi, L. infantum and the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC<sub>50</sub> values from <0.25 to 4.35 μg/ml as well as against chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strain of P. falciparum with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from <0.02 to 2.0.4 μg/ml. Most samples were cytotoxic against MRC-5 cell lines (0.2 <sub>50</sub>) < 34.24 μg/ml) and showed good selective effect against all tested parasites. In acute toxicity, the aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic and its LD<sub>50 </sub>was estimated to be greater than 5 g/kg. In addition, it did not significantly modify the concentration levels of some evaluated biochemical and hematological parameters in treated rats. These results constitute a scientific validation supporting and justifying the traditional use of the leaves of B. sumatrana for the treatment of malaria, sleeping sickness and at some extent Chagas disease.展开更多
Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is a very prized plant among traditional healers in Africa. Its leaves are used for its antipyretic properties in traditional areas. The aim of our study is to determine the acute ...Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is a very prized plant among traditional healers in Africa. Its leaves are used for its antipyretic properties in traditional areas. The aim of our study is to determine the acute toxicity and the antipyretic activity of a methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves. Acute toxicity was assessed by measuring mortality, changes in body weight, spontaneous movements, and normal rectal temperature in mice. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by brewer’s yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats according to Teotino method (1963). The antipyretic effect of methanolicextract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves was compared with paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) orally. Groups of mice treated with doses of 6500;3250;1625 and 812.5mg/kg of the extract did not show any mortality, nor significant alteration of body weight, nor alteration of spontaneous movements. However, incomplete reversed dose-dependent hypothermic activity was observed with doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. of the extract, showing acute toxicity of this plant. In the antipyretic assay, the extract with doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. exhibited a significant dose-dependent antipyretic activity similar to paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) in rats. Thus Alchornea cordifolia may inhibit prostaglandins-biosynthesis from hypothalamus. Our results support claims on its traditional uses in management of fever. However Alchornea cordifolia may affect hypothalamus not only during fever but also when body temperature is normal.展开更多
This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the t...This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
The three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field(3D-Ho VAIF) is used to characterize the molecular structures of 45 nitroaromatic compounds.Two quantitative structure-toxicity relationship(QSAR) mo...The three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field(3D-Ho VAIF) is used to characterize the molecular structures of 45 nitroaromatic compounds.Two quantitative structure-toxicity relationship(QSAR) models are built up by stepwise regression(SMR),multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least-squares regression(PLS).The correlation coefficients(R) of the models are 0.960 and 0.961,respectively.Then the models are evaluated by performing the cross-validation with the leave-one-out(LOO) procedure and the correlation coefficients(RCV) are 0.949 and 0.941,respectively.The results show that the descriptors can successfully describe the structures of organic compounds.The stability and predictability of the model are satisfactory.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of chemotherapy to the acute toxicity of a hypofractionated radiotherapy(HFRT) schedule for breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 116 breast cancer patients with T1, 2N0 Mx. T...AIM: To evaluate the effect of chemotherapy to the acute toxicity of a hypofractionated radiotherapy(HFRT) schedule for breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 116 breast cancer patients with T1, 2N0 Mx. The patients received3-D conformal radiotherapy with a total physical dose of 50.54 Gy or 53.2 Gy in 19 or 20 fractions according to stage, over 23-24 d. The last three to four fractions were delivered as a sequential tumor boost. All patients were monitored for acute skin toxicity according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The maximum monitored value was taken as the final grading score. Multivariate analysis was performed for the contribution of age, chemotherapy and 19 vs 20 fractions to the radiation acute skin toxicity.RESULTS: The acute radiation induced skin toxicity was as following: grade Ⅰ 27.6%, grade Ⅱ 7.8% and grade Ⅲ 2.6%. No significant correlation was noted between toxicity grading and chemotherapy(P = 0.154, χ2 test). The mean values of acute toxicity score in terms of chemotherapy or not, were 0.64 and 0.46 respectively(P = 0.109, Mann Whitney test). No significant correlation was also noted between acute skin toxicity and radiotherapy fractions(P = 0.47, χ2test). According to univariate analysis, only chemotherapy contributed significantly to the development of acute skin toxicity but with a critical value of P = 0.05. However, in multivariate analysis, chemotherapy lost its statistical significance. None of the patients during the 2-years of follow-up presented any locoregional relapse.CONCLUSION: There is no clear evidence that chemotherapy has an impact to acute skin toxicity after an HFRT schedule. A randomized trial is needed for definite conclusions.展开更多
Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous...Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous decoctions prepared from dried leaves powder were administrated to guinea pigs at the dose range of 100 mg/kg to 3.2 g/kg of body weight.The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test,loading animals with glucose 4 g/kg and measuring blood glucose concentrations at various times.The effect was compared to the control and glibenclamide as antidiabetic reference drug.Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate,changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs.Results:At a dose of 100 mg/kg,the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of peak concentration at 30 min after glucose loading as compared with control or reference(P<0.05).At doses greater than 400 mg,some alterations on blood,kidney and liver markers were observed.Upper 800 mg/kg,mortality was observed with LD_(50)estimated at about 1280 mg/kg.At the autopsy,vital organs were in haemorrhage and swelling state.Conclusion:The crude aqueous extracts from the leaves of Physalis peruviana L.present hypoglycemic aclivily in animal model,but at high doses the plant may cause severe intoxication.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the safety profile of Annona senegalensis（A.senegalensis）.Methods: Dried powdered root-bark of A.senegalensis was prepared by Sohxlet extraction using methanolmethylene chloride（1:1） solut...Objective:To investigate the safety profile of Annona senegalensis（A.senegalensis）.Methods: Dried powdered root-bark of A.senegalensis was prepared by Sohxlet extraction using methanolmethylene chloride（1:1） solution and concentrated to obtain the methanol-methylene chloride extract（MME）.MME was fractionated to obtain the n-hexane（HF）,ethylacetate（EF） and methanol（MF） fractions.Acute toxicity(LD<sub>50</sub>) test was performed with MME,HF,EF and MF in mice by oral route.The sub acute toxicity studies were performed in rats after 14 days of MME administration while haemalological and biochemical parameters were monitored.Results: Medium lethal（LD-（50）） values of 1 296.3 808.1 265 and 2 154 mg/kg were obtained for the MME.MF, HF and EF,respectively.The sub-acute toxicity studies indicated a significant（P【0.05） increase in the body weight of both the treated rats and the control.The haematological tests indicated no change in the packed cell volume values but a significant（P【0.05） increase in the total WBC count at 100 and 400 mg/kg doses.The differential analysis showed a decrease in the nutrophils and a non-significant increase in the lymphocyte counts.The liver transaminase enzymes, alanin transaminase and aspartate transaminase showed no significant increase compared to the control.Histopathological examination of the liver sections also indicted no obvious signs of hepatotoxicity except with the 400 mg/kg dose that showed degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes.Conclusions:These results indicated that the root bark extracts of A.Senegalensis are safe at the lower doses tested,and calls for caution in use at higher doses in treatment.展开更多
A molecular structural characterization (MSC) method called molecular vertexes correlative index (MVCI) was used to describe the structures of 30 substituted aromatic compounds. Through multiple linear regression (MLR...A molecular structural characterization (MSC) method called molecular vertexes correlative index (MVCI) was used to describe the structures of 30 substituted aromatic compounds. Through multiple linear regression (MLR) and stepwise multiple regression (SMR), a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model with 4 variables was obtained. The correlation coefficient (R) of the model was 0.9467. Through partial least-squares regression (PLS), another QSTR model with 5 principal components was obtained. The correlation coefficient (R) of the model was 0.9518. Both models were evaluated by performing the cross-validation with the leave-one-out (LOO) procedure and the Cross-Validation (CV) correlation coefficients (RCV) were 0.9208 and 0.9214, respectively. The results suggested good stability and predictability of the models, and the molecular vertexes correlative index could successfully describe the structures of the substituted aromatic compounds.展开更多
[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic ...[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic plants.[Methods]The acute toxicity of the purified protein HAS1 was observed by intragastric administration of mice,and the poisoning symptoms,poisoning degree,recovery and death were observed.[Results]No abnormal toxicity symptoms were observed in the test group,the vehicle control group and the blank control group.The main tissues and organs were not abnormal in gross anatomy.The average body weight of each group showed an increasing trend compared with before administration at 1,3,7,11 and 14 d after administration.It was found that after giving the purified protein HAS1 to KM mice at a cumulative dose of 64 mg/kg a day,no obvious toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity test,indicating that the test substance was non-toxic by oral administration.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further use of the protein and its coding genes.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.
文摘In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. was sampled according to the ISO 7002 standard for agricultural and food products. The selected fruits were ripe, without physical damage. The usual analytical methods allowed the determination of the nutritional value of the fruit pulp of Annona muricata L. The water content was measured by the method of loss of mass on drying. The total amount of ash was determined by incineration in the oven at 550°C. The mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP0). The determination of acute toxicity was carried out on 25 female mice of the NMRI SUISSE species according to OECD 425 guidelines. For 100 grams of fresh material from the fruit pulp, we noted a very high water content of 84% ± 6%. We also note a particularly high amount of carbohydrates with a rate of 12.2% ± 2%. Protein and lipid content were relatively low at 1% ± 0.01% and 0.7% ± 0.3% respectively. The dietary fiber content was 0.8% ± 0.2%. An energy value of 49.3 Kcal per 100 grams of pulp was determined. The LD 50 obtained was 3320 mg/kg, indicating slight toxicity of soursop seeds. The results of this study show that the white pulp of the fruit of Annona muricata L. consumed in Kinshasa is rich in carbohydrates when we compare it to others biomolecules. It also contains dietary fiber and mineral salts making soursop an excellent constituent of a weight loss diet with a low energy intake.
基金partially supported by National Natural Scientific Foundation of China[81620108026,81302393]
文摘Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage) were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys(P < 0.05). The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone and costal cartilage) were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.
基金the support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2018SY025)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2014AA021801)。
文摘An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.
基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province,China(2018CXGC1304).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the acute toxicity and toxicokinetics of Tongguan Powder in rats,and provide references for clinical safe medication.[Methods]The classical acute toxicity test method was used,rats were given different doses of Tongguan Powder through the mouth and nasal cavity to observe the symptoms of toxicity,and make a record of the food intake,weight changes,and death.After the medication,blood was taken from each group of rats at different time points,and the plasma levels of benzoyl aconitine(BA),benzoyl hypaconine(BH)and benzoyl mesaconine(BM)were determined by the liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the toxicokinetic parameters were fitted with the aid of DAS software.[Results]Rats were given Tongguan Powder 3.75 g/kg(equivalent to 54 times the human daily dose)in the nasal cavity of rats.Rats were observed with reactions such as scratching and sneezing;rats were given Tongguan Powder LD50 and 95%confidence limit of 4.15(3.53-4.71)g/kg through the oral administration,which is equivalent to 60 times the human daily dose,rats showed slow weight gain,decreased food intake,decreased voluntary activities,prone,black stools,etc.One hour after nasal administration of Tongguan Powder,the plasma concentration of benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl hypaconine was below the lower limit of detection,and benzoyl mesaconine could not be detected at any time point;one hour after the oral administration of Tongguan Powder,the plasma concentration of the three components reached the maximum,the exposure level of benzoyl hypaconine was higher than that of benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl mesaconine;there was no gender difference in the kinetic parameters.[Conclusions]The toxicity of Tongguan Powder in nasal administration is much lower than that of intragastric administration.The target organs and mechanism of toxicity need to be further studied.
基金Supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science(2017HY-ZD0208)China Agricultural Research System-Freshwater Fish(CARS-46)
文摘The acute toxicity of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna and Barchydanio rerio was analyzed using semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. The results showed that the 96 h-EC50 of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) on C. vulgaris was 3.97 μg/L, the 48 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of BDE-47 on D. magna were 1.09 and 0.84 mg/L respectively, and the 96 h-LC50 of BDE-47 on B. rerio was higher than 56.2 mg/L. According to the grading standard of toxicity evaluation, BDE-47 had extremely high toxicity to C. vulgaris, high toxicity to D. magna, and low to medium toxicity to B. rerio. The toxicity of BDE-47 to C. vulgaris, D. magna and B. rerio followed the order of C. vulgaris>D. magna>B. rerio. For the water solubility of BDE-47 is extremely low(15 μg/L), it could not cause the acute poisoning death of D. magna and B. rerio.
基金Supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research FundChinese Academy of Fishery Science (2017HY-ZD0208)China Agricultural Research System-Freshwater Fish (CARS-46)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl ether on Chlorella vulgaris and provide basic data for protecting aquatic ecosystems. [Methods] The acute toxicity effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether on C. vulgaris was investigated by the semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. [Results] The 48,72 and 96 h-EC(50) of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris were23. 58,18. 71 and 14. 75 μg/L,respectively,and the safe concentration of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris was 1. 475μg/L. For the water solubility of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether is extremely low( 1 μg/L),it could not cause the acute poisoning death of C. vulgaris. According to the grading standards for the assessment of the toxicity on algae,2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether was extremely highly toxic to C. vulgaris. [Conclusions]The extremely high toxicity of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether to C. vulgaris shows that it has heavy potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and the maximum residue limit standards of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether in water should be formulated to better protect aquatic ecosystems.
基金Supported by Hunan Scientific and Technological Innovation Planning Project(2019NK4170)Fund for Hunan Province Double First-Class Applied Discipline Plant Protection。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity risk of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to environmental organisms. [Methods] The acute toxicity tests of prochloraz-manganese chloride complex on 8 common environmental organisms, such as Coturnix coturnix japonica, Apis mellifera L., Eisenia foetida, Bombyx mori, Trichogramma japonicum, Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus obliquus were carried out. [Results] Prochloraz-manganese chloride complex to D. magna EC50(48 h): 1.11 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.00-1.26 mg a.i./L;B. rerio LC50(96 h): 2.84 mg a.i./L, with a 95 % Confidence limit of 2.43-3.48 mg a.i./L;S. obliquus ErC50(72 h): 1.88×10^-2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.70×10^-2-2.16×10^-2 mg a.i./L;C. coturnix LD50(168 h): 1.01×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight, with a 95% confidence limit of 7.87×10^2-1.27×10^3 mg a.i./kg body weight;T. japonicum LR50(24 h): 2.53×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2, with a 95% confidence limit of 2.14×10^-3-2.99×10^-3 mg a.i./cm^2;B. mori LC50(96 h): 2.03×10^2 mg a.i./L, with a 95% confidence limit of 1.79×10^2-2.30×10^2 mg a.i./L;A. mellifera(peroral) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;A. mellifera(contact) LD50(48 h)>100 μg a.i./bee;E. foetida LC50(14 d)>1.00×10^2 mg a.i./kg dry soil. According to the Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating Degradation Kinetics in Environmental Media for Pesticide Registration, prochloraz-manganese chloride complex had low toxicity to A. mellifera, C. coturnix, B. mori and E. foetida, medium toxicity to D. magna and B. rerio, and high toxicity and low risk to S. obliquus and T. japonicum. [Conclusions] This study provides a data basis for the toxicity and environmental safety evaluation of the agent.
文摘BACKGROUND: The long-term neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) mainly caused by repeated exposure to MDMA or a single big dose of MDMA, which results in degeneration of serotonin terminal of central nervous system, and someone believe that the great release of serotonin transmitter in central nervous system will lead to anxious mood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of anxiety related behaviors in rats after single administration of different doses of MDMA. DESIGN: A randomized control study. SETTING: Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. MATERIALS: Thirty male adult Wistar rats, weighing (251.3±18.34) g, were used. MDMA were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, and dissolved in saline. All the doses of the drug were administered in a volume of 1 mg/kg. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University in July 2003. ①The rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=24), and then those in the latter were randomly assigned into four subgroups of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg groups, with 6 rats in each, which were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively, and those in the control group were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of saline of the same volume. ② The open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were performed immediately after administration. For the open field test, the apparatus was situated in a darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 60 cm above the center of the open field. Before administration, all the rats were placed into the open field to be familiar with the open field for 5 minutes. They were observed for 45 minutes after administration. The locomotion (number of squares the rat passes), rearing response, time spent in central squares and defecation were observed, 1 minute for each time for a total of 9 times. For the elevated plus-maze test, the maze was situated in a quiet darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 50 cm above the center of the maze. Arm entries were only counted when all the four paws had entered either a closed or an open arm within 5 minutes, and the time spent in the arms were observed. For the social interaction test, the matched rats were put into the arena head-to-head in opposite direction, and aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive and exploration were observed. ③ The one-way analysis of variance was performed with the SPSS 10.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were observed. RESULTS: All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of open field test: After single administration of MDMA of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, the dose-dependent locomotors (number of squares the rat passes) in the experimental groups were obviously higher than those in the control group [(21.67±17.55), (34.44±19.47), (33.48±23.34), (7.31±6.02) s; P < 0.05], and the rearing responses were markedly lower than those in the control group [(0.70±1.71), (0.96±1.68), (0.39±0.88), (1.37±1.59) s, P < 0.05]. ② Results of the elevated plus-maze test: After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the number of open-arms entries, the open-arms time, the percent of number of open arm entries/total arm entries, and the percent of time spent on the open arms/total time (P > 0.05). ③ Results of the social international test: After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive, exploration and total time of interaction (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: The acute administration of MDMA has no obvious influence on the anxiety-related behaviors of rats.
基金Integrating Traditional Chinese and Western medicine(ZDBZ-ZXY-201601).
文摘Background:To evaluate the acute toxicity of the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules on mice and provide a theoretical basis for clinical medication safety.Methods:The mice were not deprived of water for 16 h after fasting,and were intragastrically given the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules at the maximum mass concentration(0.55 g/mL)and the maximum volume(0.04 mL/g body weight)2 times within 24 hours.The toxicity was observed and recorded within 14 days after administration.At the end of the experiment,the biochemical indexes of mice were detected.The liver,heart,spleen,lung,and kidney were dissected and observed after executing mice to weigh the wet weight and calculate the coefficient of viscera.Results:There was no death after the mice were given 342.32 g/kg of crude medicine of the experienced prescription Lucao Wenban granules.No significant differences were detected in body weight,biochemical indexes,visceral index between the experiment group and the control group.Conclusion:There is no acute toxicity in mice.The maximum tolerable dose is 342.32 g/kg,which is 144 times of clinical dose.
文摘Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiparasitaire activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania infantum, the multidrug-resistant K1 and chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strains of Plasmodium falciparum indicated that all samples from the leaves extract presented interesting antiparasitaire activity at different extents. The 80% methanol extract, its chloroform acid, petroleum ether and 80% methanol soluble fractions and the aqueous extract exhibited strong activity against Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. cruzi, L. infantum and the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC<sub>50</sub> values from <0.25 to 4.35 μg/ml as well as against chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strain of P. falciparum with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from <0.02 to 2.0.4 μg/ml. Most samples were cytotoxic against MRC-5 cell lines (0.2 <sub>50</sub>) < 34.24 μg/ml) and showed good selective effect against all tested parasites. In acute toxicity, the aqueous extract was found to be non-toxic and its LD<sub>50 </sub>was estimated to be greater than 5 g/kg. In addition, it did not significantly modify the concentration levels of some evaluated biochemical and hematological parameters in treated rats. These results constitute a scientific validation supporting and justifying the traditional use of the leaves of B. sumatrana for the treatment of malaria, sleeping sickness and at some extent Chagas disease.
文摘Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is a very prized plant among traditional healers in Africa. Its leaves are used for its antipyretic properties in traditional areas. The aim of our study is to determine the acute toxicity and the antipyretic activity of a methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves. Acute toxicity was assessed by measuring mortality, changes in body weight, spontaneous movements, and normal rectal temperature in mice. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by brewer’s yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats according to Teotino method (1963). The antipyretic effect of methanolicextract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves was compared with paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) orally. Groups of mice treated with doses of 6500;3250;1625 and 812.5mg/kg of the extract did not show any mortality, nor significant alteration of body weight, nor alteration of spontaneous movements. However, incomplete reversed dose-dependent hypothermic activity was observed with doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. of the extract, showing acute toxicity of this plant. In the antipyretic assay, the extract with doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. exhibited a significant dose-dependent antipyretic activity similar to paracetamol (100 mg/kg bw) in rats. Thus Alchornea cordifolia may inhibit prostaglandins-biosynthesis from hypothalamus. Our results support claims on its traditional uses in management of fever. However Alchornea cordifolia may affect hypothalamus not only during fever but also when body temperature is normal.
文摘This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.
基金supported by the Youth Foundation of Education Bureau,Sichuan Province(13ZB0003)
文摘The three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field(3D-Ho VAIF) is used to characterize the molecular structures of 45 nitroaromatic compounds.Two quantitative structure-toxicity relationship(QSAR) models are built up by stepwise regression(SMR),multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least-squares regression(PLS).The correlation coefficients(R) of the models are 0.960 and 0.961,respectively.Then the models are evaluated by performing the cross-validation with the leave-one-out(LOO) procedure and the correlation coefficients(RCV) are 0.949 and 0.941,respectively.The results show that the descriptors can successfully describe the structures of organic compounds.The stability and predictability of the model are satisfactory.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of chemotherapy to the acute toxicity of a hypofractionated radiotherapy(HFRT) schedule for breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 116 breast cancer patients with T1, 2N0 Mx. The patients received3-D conformal radiotherapy with a total physical dose of 50.54 Gy or 53.2 Gy in 19 or 20 fractions according to stage, over 23-24 d. The last three to four fractions were delivered as a sequential tumor boost. All patients were monitored for acute skin toxicity according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The maximum monitored value was taken as the final grading score. Multivariate analysis was performed for the contribution of age, chemotherapy and 19 vs 20 fractions to the radiation acute skin toxicity.RESULTS: The acute radiation induced skin toxicity was as following: grade Ⅰ 27.6%, grade Ⅱ 7.8% and grade Ⅲ 2.6%. No significant correlation was noted between toxicity grading and chemotherapy(P = 0.154, χ2 test). The mean values of acute toxicity score in terms of chemotherapy or not, were 0.64 and 0.46 respectively(P = 0.109, Mann Whitney test). No significant correlation was also noted between acute skin toxicity and radiotherapy fractions(P = 0.47, χ2test). According to univariate analysis, only chemotherapy contributed significantly to the development of acute skin toxicity but with a critical value of P = 0.05. However, in multivariate analysis, chemotherapy lost its statistical significance. None of the patients during the 2-years of follow-up presented any locoregional relapse.CONCLUSION: There is no clear evidence that chemotherapy has an impact to acute skin toxicity after an HFRT schedule. A randomized trial is needed for definite conclusions.
基金"The International Foundation for Science(IFS)""the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW)"for the fellowship No.F/4921-2
文摘Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous decoctions prepared from dried leaves powder were administrated to guinea pigs at the dose range of 100 mg/kg to 3.2 g/kg of body weight.The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test,loading animals with glucose 4 g/kg and measuring blood glucose concentrations at various times.The effect was compared to the control and glibenclamide as antidiabetic reference drug.Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate,changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs.Results:At a dose of 100 mg/kg,the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of peak concentration at 30 min after glucose loading as compared with control or reference(P<0.05).At doses greater than 400 mg,some alterations on blood,kidney and liver markers were observed.Upper 800 mg/kg,mortality was observed with LD_(50)estimated at about 1280 mg/kg.At the autopsy,vital organs were in haemorrhage and swelling state.Conclusion:The crude aqueous extracts from the leaves of Physalis peruviana L.present hypoglycemic aclivily in animal model,but at high doses the plant may cause severe intoxication.
基金Step-B World Bank Assisted project of the Federal Government of Nigeria Ministry of Education,for the Innovators of Tomorrow Award grant that facilitated this research
文摘Objective:To investigate the safety profile of Annona senegalensis（A.senegalensis）.Methods: Dried powdered root-bark of A.senegalensis was prepared by Sohxlet extraction using methanolmethylene chloride（1:1） solution and concentrated to obtain the methanol-methylene chloride extract（MME）.MME was fractionated to obtain the n-hexane（HF）,ethylacetate（EF） and methanol（MF） fractions.Acute toxicity(LD<sub>50</sub>) test was performed with MME,HF,EF and MF in mice by oral route.The sub acute toxicity studies were performed in rats after 14 days of MME administration while haemalological and biochemical parameters were monitored.Results: Medium lethal（LD-（50）） values of 1 296.3 808.1 265 and 2 154 mg/kg were obtained for the MME.MF, HF and EF,respectively.The sub-acute toxicity studies indicated a significant（P【0.05） increase in the body weight of both the treated rats and the control.The haematological tests indicated no change in the packed cell volume values but a significant（P【0.05） increase in the total WBC count at 100 and 400 mg/kg doses.The differential analysis showed a decrease in the nutrophils and a non-significant increase in the lymphocyte counts.The liver transaminase enzymes, alanin transaminase and aspartate transaminase showed no significant increase compared to the control.Histopathological examination of the liver sections also indicted no obvious signs of hepatotoxicity except with the 400 mg/kg dose that showed degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes.Conclusions:These results indicated that the root bark extracts of A.Senegalensis are safe at the lower doses tested,and calls for caution in use at higher doses in treatment.
基金supported by the Foundation of Education Bureau,Sichuan Province(09ZB036)
文摘A molecular structural characterization (MSC) method called molecular vertexes correlative index (MVCI) was used to describe the structures of 30 substituted aromatic compounds. Through multiple linear regression (MLR) and stepwise multiple regression (SMR), a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model with 4 variables was obtained. The correlation coefficient (R) of the model was 0.9467. Through partial least-squares regression (PLS), another QSTR model with 5 principal components was obtained. The correlation coefficient (R) of the model was 0.9518. Both models were evaluated by performing the cross-validation with the leave-one-out (LOO) procedure and the Cross-Validation (CV) correlation coefficients (RCV) were 0.9208 and 0.9214, respectively. The results suggested good stability and predictability of the models, and the molecular vertexes correlative index could successfully describe the structures of the substituted aromatic compounds.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31471555)National Key Research and Development Project(SQ2018YFD020024)
文摘[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic plants.[Methods]The acute toxicity of the purified protein HAS1 was observed by intragastric administration of mice,and the poisoning symptoms,poisoning degree,recovery and death were observed.[Results]No abnormal toxicity symptoms were observed in the test group,the vehicle control group and the blank control group.The main tissues and organs were not abnormal in gross anatomy.The average body weight of each group showed an increasing trend compared with before administration at 1,3,7,11 and 14 d after administration.It was found that after giving the purified protein HAS1 to KM mice at a cumulative dose of 64 mg/kg a day,no obvious toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity test,indicating that the test substance was non-toxic by oral administration.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further use of the protein and its coding genes.
