Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the eff...Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the effective nuclear force potential, and theoretical considerations and experimental evidence hint to the hypothesis that Gravity originates from such an interaction, under an averaging process over spin directions. This invites to continue the line of theory initiated by Einstein and Cartan, based on tetrads and spin effects modeled by connections with torsion. As a first step in this direction, the article considers a new modified Coulomb/Newton Law accounting for the spin-spin interaction. The physical potential is geometrized through specific affine connections and specific semi-Riemannian metrics, canonically associated to it, acting on a manifold or at the level of its tangent bundle. Freely falling particles in these “toy Universes” are determined, showing an interesting behavior and unexpected patterns.展开更多
BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly s...BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource settings.BA that is culturally adapted for Muslims(BA-M)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for Muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled trial.AIM To compare the effectiveness of BA-M with CBT for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan.METHODS One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,Pakistan.Recruitment followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each site.Four measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Scale.All measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow up.The primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of covariance.In addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression model.RESULTS Patients in the BA-M arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-M,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences on physical(P<0.001),psychological(P=0.004)and social(P=0.047)domains of Quality of Life(QoL)at post treatment level,indicating an increased QoL in the BA-M group as compared to the treatment as usual group.Some baseline differences were noted in both groups for BA scores and two domains of QoL scale:Physical and environment,which might have influenced the results,though the BA-M group showed more improvement at completion of therapy.CONCLUSION Results proved the efficacy of BA-M in reducing symptoms for depressed patients in Pakistan,indicating BA-M is a promising treatment modality for depression in future,particularly in low resource settings.展开更多
Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on...Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on cognitive status while there is a great number of uneducated elderly people who suffer from cognitive deficiency. The purpose was to determine neurocognitive disorders prevalence in uneducated groups and Muslim elderly people by using the cognitive disorder examination (Codex) test adopted in the population living at home in Niamey (Niger). Materials and Methods: These are the results of a preliminary prospective study with simple three (3) random sampling concerning elderly people aged 60 and over living at home in whom the codex test adapted to Niamey was administered in uneducated Muslim elderly people for a total duration of four (4) minutes. This screen-adapted test should be completed by the mini-mental test of Senegal which is adapted globally to uneducated people in hospitals. The basic Codex test was developed in France for educated people, so we used this basic test in our educated people in the same study. Results: A total of 198 patients had been collected, of which 51.5% were female with an average age of 68 years with extremes of 60 to 84 years. 40 were educated. Among educated persons, 62.5% had a very low probability of dementia and 5% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of the Codex. In the second step, 12.5% had a low probability of dementia and 20% had a high probability in the same group, while 51.3% had a very low probability of dementia and 21.3% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of CODEX in uneducated elderly. In the second step in the same group, 12.6% had a low probability and 14.5% had a high probability of dementia. Conclusion: The adapted codex test of Niamey is simple and could be rapidly used to screen dementia among uneducated elderly Muslim prayers, and then could confirm it by complementary cognitive status test validated in the same population. However, it should be confirmed by using a large sample.展开更多
A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence...A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.展开更多
Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their shor...Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their short plant stature and small grain size.This study was conducted to investigate hybrid performance and the magnitude of heterosis of locally adapted genotypes in addition to introduced hybrids in three contrasting environments in Ethiopia.In total,139 hybrids,derived from introduced seed parents crossed with locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines,were evaluated.Overall,the hybrids matured earlier than the adapted parents,but had higher grain yield,plant height,grain number and grain weight in all environments.The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis(BPH) of19%,equating to 1160 kg ha-1and a 29% mean increase in grain yield,in addition to increased plant height and grain weight,in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines.The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52%in the intermediate environment equating to 698 kg ha-1and 2031 kg ha-1,respectively,in addition to increased grain weight.The magnitude of heterosis observed for each hybrid group was related to the genetic distance between the parental lines.The majority of hybrids also showed superiority over the standard check varieties.In general,hybrids from locally adapted genotypes were superior in grain yield,plant height and grain weight compared to the high parents and introduced hybrids indicating the potential for hybrids to increase productivity while addressing farmers' required traits.展开更多
Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reactio...Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reaction typical of infections with the conventional viruses from which stealth adapted viruses are derived. Stealth adapted viruses establish persistent, systemic virus infections, which commonly involve the brain. The brain damage can cause major mood and cognitive disorders, fatigue, seizures and various manifestations of an impaired autonomic nervous system. Symptoms can also result from: 1) induced autoimmunity, 2) antibody formation against virus antigens, 3) virus-induced cellular damage to non-brain tissues and 4) induced heightened overall immune reactivity, such that normally unrecognized components of the virus begin to become targeted by the cellular immune system. This last mechanism is relevant to the reported neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of vaccination in certain individuals. It is also appropriate to consider the infectious component of stealth adapted virus infections since family members and others may be at risk for becoming infected.展开更多
Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try ...Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try to give some inspiration on translation practice.展开更多
Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridizatio...Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and D gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within t...BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within the breast is exceedingly rare and there is paucity of data in the literature regarding this entity.No consensus exists on management of isolated extramedullary breast relapses of T-ALL.Herein,we report a case of isolated extramedullary breast relapse of T-ALL treated with breathing adapted radiation therapy(BART)using the active breathing control(ABC)system.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 33-year-old female with diagnosis of T-ALL.She received intensive systemic chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission of her disease,and then underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.After a 15 mo period without symptoms and signs of progression,the patient presented with palpable masses in both breasts.She complained from severe pain and swelling of the breasts.Imaging workup showed bilateral breast lesions,and diagnosis of breast infiltration by leukemic cells was confirmed after immunohistopathological evaluation.The patient suffering from severe pain,discomfort,and swelling of both breasts due to leukemic infiltration was referred to the Radiation Oncology Department for symptomatic palliation.Whole breast irradiation was delivered to both breasts of the patient with BART using the ABC system.The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms after treatment with BART.CONCLUSION BART with the ABC system resulted in complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms due to leukemic infiltration of both breasts with T-ALL.This contemporary treatment technique should be preferred for radiotherapeutic management of patients with leukemic infiltration of the breasts to achieve effective symptomatic palliation.展开更多
In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the ...In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the existing problems in other conventional techniques for estimating the GMM parameters, due in part to a new mixing-up strategy to increase the number of Gaussian components. The discriminative splitting idea is employed for Gaussian mixture densities followed by learning via the introduced method. Then, the GMM classifier was applied to distinguish between healthy infants and those that present a selected set of medical conditions. Each group includes both full-term and premature infants. Cry-pattern for each pathological condition is created by using the adapted BML method and 13-dimensional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) feature vector. The test results demonstrate that the introduced method for training GMMs has a better performance than the traditional method based upon random splitting and EM-based re-estimation as a reference system in multi-pathological classification task.展开更多
I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surpr...I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surprised that Constantine greeted me as if he knew me well, and since for many years now I have considered him as if he was an older brother, I wonder when this feeling started.展开更多
In an effort to encourage investments toenergy sector and transportation infrastructures,and promote the development in the Westernand central China, the State Council recentlydecided to expand a tax preferential policy
Considering the essential and influential role of centrifugal compressors in a wide range of industries makes most of engineers research and study on design and optimization of centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal com...Considering the essential and influential role of centrifugal compressors in a wide range of industries makes most of engineers research and study on design and optimization of centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors are the key to part ofoil, gas and petrochemical industries as well as gas pipeline transports. Since complete 3D design of the compressor consumes a considerable amount of time, most of active companies in the field, are profoundly interested in obtaining a design outline before taking any further steps in designing the entire machine. In this paper, a numerical algorithm, named ACDA （adapted compressor design algorithm） for fast and accurate preliminary design of centrifugal compressor is presented. The design procedure is obtained under real gas behavior, using an appropriate equation of state. Starting from impeller inlet, the procedure is continued on by resulting in numerical calculation for other sections including impeller exit, volute and exit diffuser. Clearly, in any step suitable correction factors are employed in order to conclude in precise numerical results. Finally, the achieved design result is compared with available reference data.展开更多
The wavelet adapted to the fabric texture can be developed from the orthogonal and normal series which are selected randomly by means of Monte Carlo method and op timized by adding certain constraint conditions.Then t...The wavelet adapted to the fabric texture can be developed from the orthogonal and normal series which are selected randomly by means of Monte Carlo method and op timized by adding certain constraint conditions.Then the fabric image can be decomposed into the subimages by the adaptive wavelet transform and the horizontal and vertical texture information will be perfectly contained in the subimages. Therefore this method can be effectively used for the automatic inspection of the fabric defects.展开更多
Furan carboxylic acids are important building blocks in polymer and fine chemical industries. In this work, a simple substrate adaptation strategy was applied to improve the catalytic performances of Comamonas testost...Furan carboxylic acids are important building blocks in polymer and fine chemical industries. In this work, a simple substrate adaptation strategy was applied to improve the catalytic performances of Comamonas testosteroni SC1588 cells for the synthesis of various furan carboxylic acids. It was found that biocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(HMFCA) was substantially promoted by adding histidine and increasing cell concentrations. HMFCA was produced in a quantitative yield from200 m M HMF in 24 h. Besides, the HMFCA yields of 71%–81% were achieved with the substrate concentrations up to 250–300 m M. It was firstly found that 4-tert-butylcatechol(TBC), as the stabilizer present in HMF, exerted a significantly detrimental effect on whole-cell catalytic synthesis of HMFCA at high substrate concentrations(more than 130 m M). In addition, a variety of furan carboxylic acids such as2-furoic acid, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 5-methoxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid were synthesized with the yields up to 98%.展开更多
Mitochondria were isolated from normal and cold adapted rat livers.The respiratory func-tion of mitochondria in rat livers,including ADP:O ratio(P/O)and the respiratory control ratio(RCR),was determined by oxygen elec...Mitochondria were isolated from normal and cold adapted rat livers.The respiratory func-tion of mitochondria in rat livers,including ADP:O ratio(P/O)and the respiratory control ratio(RCR),was determined by oxygen electrode method,The protein synthesis in mitochondria wasstudied by observing the incorporation of[~3H]-Leucine into mitochondria.Polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis was carried out to detect the changes of the inner membrane proteins.It was shownthat the P/O and RCR decreased in cold adapted rats in the 2nd and 4th weeks and returned tothe control level in the 6th week,the protein synthesis of mitochondria decreased significantly incold adapted rats in 1,2 and 4 weeks;the electrophoretic pattern of the inner membrane proteinsin mitochondria from cold adapted rat livers revealed some new bands.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properti...Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properties with values close to the human bone.Unfortunately,the implant surface must be adequately tuned,or Mg-based alloys must be alloyed with other chemical elements due to their increased corrosion effect in physiological media.This article reviews the clinical challenges related to bone repair and regeneration,classifying bone defects and presenting some of the most used and modern therapies for bone injuries,such as Ilizarov or Masquelet techniques or stem cell treatments.The implant interface challenges are related to new bone formation and fracture healing,implant degradation and hydrogen release.A detailed analysis of mechanical properties during implant degradation is extensively described based on different literature studies that included in vitro and in vivo tests correlated with material properties’characterization.Mg-based trauma implants such as plates and screws,intramedullary nails,Herbert screws,spine cages,rings for joint treatment and regenerative scaffolds are presented,taking into consideration their manufacturing technology,the implant geometrical dimensions and shape,the type of in vivo or in vitro studies and fracture localization.Modern technologies that modify or adapt the Mg-based implant interfaces are described by presenting the main surface microstructural modifications,physical deposition and chemical conversion coatings.The last part of the article provides some recommendations from a translational perspective,identifies the challenges associated with Mg-based implants and presents some future opportunities.This review outlines the available literature on trauma and regenerative bone implants and describes the main techniques used to control the alloy corrosion rate and the cellular environment of the implant.展开更多
Dear Editor,As the COVID-19 epidemic proceeds,new variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge.^(1)Particularly the B.1.1.529(Omicron)variant emerged and spread globally,surpassing the previously dominant B.1.617.2(Delta...Dear Editor,As the COVID-19 epidemic proceeds,new variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge.^(1)Particularly the B.1.1.529(Omicron)variant emerged and spread globally,surpassing the previously dominant B.1.617.2(Delta)variant.Moreover,the original Omicron variant continued to mutate into numerous Omicron sublineages.Nonetheless,the infectious and immune characteristics of newly-emerged Omicron sublineages that have evolved to adapt to the host remain unclear.展开更多
文摘Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the effective nuclear force potential, and theoretical considerations and experimental evidence hint to the hypothesis that Gravity originates from such an interaction, under an averaging process over spin directions. This invites to continue the line of theory initiated by Einstein and Cartan, based on tetrads and spin effects modeled by connections with torsion. As a first step in this direction, the article considers a new modified Coulomb/Newton Law accounting for the spin-spin interaction. The physical potential is geometrized through specific affine connections and specific semi-Riemannian metrics, canonically associated to it, acting on a manifold or at the level of its tangent bundle. Freely falling particles in these “toy Universes” are determined, showing an interesting behavior and unexpected patterns.
文摘BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource settings.BA that is culturally adapted for Muslims(BA-M)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for Muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled trial.AIM To compare the effectiveness of BA-M with CBT for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan.METHODS One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,Pakistan.Recruitment followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each site.Four measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Scale.All measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow up.The primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of covariance.In addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression model.RESULTS Patients in the BA-M arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-M,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences on physical(P<0.001),psychological(P=0.004)and social(P=0.047)domains of Quality of Life(QoL)at post treatment level,indicating an increased QoL in the BA-M group as compared to the treatment as usual group.Some baseline differences were noted in both groups for BA scores and two domains of QoL scale:Physical and environment,which might have influenced the results,though the BA-M group showed more improvement at completion of therapy.CONCLUSION Results proved the efficacy of BA-M in reducing symptoms for depressed patients in Pakistan,indicating BA-M is a promising treatment modality for depression in future,particularly in low resource settings.
文摘Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on cognitive status while there is a great number of uneducated elderly people who suffer from cognitive deficiency. The purpose was to determine neurocognitive disorders prevalence in uneducated groups and Muslim elderly people by using the cognitive disorder examination (Codex) test adopted in the population living at home in Niamey (Niger). Materials and Methods: These are the results of a preliminary prospective study with simple three (3) random sampling concerning elderly people aged 60 and over living at home in whom the codex test adapted to Niamey was administered in uneducated Muslim elderly people for a total duration of four (4) minutes. This screen-adapted test should be completed by the mini-mental test of Senegal which is adapted globally to uneducated people in hospitals. The basic Codex test was developed in France for educated people, so we used this basic test in our educated people in the same study. Results: A total of 198 patients had been collected, of which 51.5% were female with an average age of 68 years with extremes of 60 to 84 years. 40 were educated. Among educated persons, 62.5% had a very low probability of dementia and 5% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of the Codex. In the second step, 12.5% had a low probability of dementia and 20% had a high probability in the same group, while 51.3% had a very low probability of dementia and 21.3% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of CODEX in uneducated elderly. In the second step in the same group, 12.6% had a low probability and 14.5% had a high probability of dementia. Conclusion: The adapted codex test of Niamey is simple and could be rapidly used to screen dementia among uneducated elderly Muslim prayers, and then could confirm it by complementary cognitive status test validated in the same population. However, it should be confirmed by using a large sample.
文摘A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.
基金AusAID (Australian Agency for International Development) for a scholarship supporting TTM,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) for financially supporting the research activities
文摘Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their short plant stature and small grain size.This study was conducted to investigate hybrid performance and the magnitude of heterosis of locally adapted genotypes in addition to introduced hybrids in three contrasting environments in Ethiopia.In total,139 hybrids,derived from introduced seed parents crossed with locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines,were evaluated.Overall,the hybrids matured earlier than the adapted parents,but had higher grain yield,plant height,grain number and grain weight in all environments.The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis(BPH) of19%,equating to 1160 kg ha-1and a 29% mean increase in grain yield,in addition to increased plant height and grain weight,in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines.The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52%in the intermediate environment equating to 698 kg ha-1and 2031 kg ha-1,respectively,in addition to increased grain weight.The magnitude of heterosis observed for each hybrid group was related to the genetic distance between the parental lines.The majority of hybrids also showed superiority over the standard check varieties.In general,hybrids from locally adapted genotypes were superior in grain yield,plant height and grain weight compared to the high parents and introduced hybrids indicating the potential for hybrids to increase productivity while addressing farmers' required traits.
文摘Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reaction typical of infections with the conventional viruses from which stealth adapted viruses are derived. Stealth adapted viruses establish persistent, systemic virus infections, which commonly involve the brain. The brain damage can cause major mood and cognitive disorders, fatigue, seizures and various manifestations of an impaired autonomic nervous system. Symptoms can also result from: 1) induced autoimmunity, 2) antibody formation against virus antigens, 3) virus-induced cellular damage to non-brain tissues and 4) induced heightened overall immune reactivity, such that normally unrecognized components of the virus begin to become targeted by the cellular immune system. This last mechanism is relevant to the reported neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of vaccination in certain individuals. It is also appropriate to consider the infectious component of stealth adapted virus infections since family members and others may be at risk for becoming infected.
文摘Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try to give some inspiration on translation practice.
文摘Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and D gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.
文摘BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within the breast is exceedingly rare and there is paucity of data in the literature regarding this entity.No consensus exists on management of isolated extramedullary breast relapses of T-ALL.Herein,we report a case of isolated extramedullary breast relapse of T-ALL treated with breathing adapted radiation therapy(BART)using the active breathing control(ABC)system.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 33-year-old female with diagnosis of T-ALL.She received intensive systemic chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission of her disease,and then underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.After a 15 mo period without symptoms and signs of progression,the patient presented with palpable masses in both breasts.She complained from severe pain and swelling of the breasts.Imaging workup showed bilateral breast lesions,and diagnosis of breast infiltration by leukemic cells was confirmed after immunohistopathological evaluation.The patient suffering from severe pain,discomfort,and swelling of both breasts due to leukemic infiltration was referred to the Radiation Oncology Department for symptomatic palliation.Whole breast irradiation was delivered to both breasts of the patient with BART using the ABC system.The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms after treatment with BART.CONCLUSION BART with the ABC system resulted in complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms due to leukemic infiltration of both breasts with T-ALL.This contemporary treatment technique should be preferred for radiotherapeutic management of patients with leukemic infiltration of the breasts to achieve effective symptomatic palliation.
文摘In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the existing problems in other conventional techniques for estimating the GMM parameters, due in part to a new mixing-up strategy to increase the number of Gaussian components. The discriminative splitting idea is employed for Gaussian mixture densities followed by learning via the introduced method. Then, the GMM classifier was applied to distinguish between healthy infants and those that present a selected set of medical conditions. Each group includes both full-term and premature infants. Cry-pattern for each pathological condition is created by using the adapted BML method and 13-dimensional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) feature vector. The test results demonstrate that the introduced method for training GMMs has a better performance than the traditional method based upon random splitting and EM-based re-estimation as a reference system in multi-pathological classification task.
文摘I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surprised that Constantine greeted me as if he knew me well, and since for many years now I have considered him as if he was an older brother, I wonder when this feeling started.
文摘In an effort to encourage investments toenergy sector and transportation infrastructures,and promote the development in the Westernand central China, the State Council recentlydecided to expand a tax preferential policy
文摘Considering the essential and influential role of centrifugal compressors in a wide range of industries makes most of engineers research and study on design and optimization of centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors are the key to part ofoil, gas and petrochemical industries as well as gas pipeline transports. Since complete 3D design of the compressor consumes a considerable amount of time, most of active companies in the field, are profoundly interested in obtaining a design outline before taking any further steps in designing the entire machine. In this paper, a numerical algorithm, named ACDA （adapted compressor design algorithm） for fast and accurate preliminary design of centrifugal compressor is presented. The design procedure is obtained under real gas behavior, using an appropriate equation of state. Starting from impeller inlet, the procedure is continued on by resulting in numerical calculation for other sections including impeller exit, volute and exit diffuser. Clearly, in any step suitable correction factors are employed in order to conclude in precise numerical results. Finally, the achieved design result is compared with available reference data.
基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.99025508)
文摘The wavelet adapted to the fabric texture can be developed from the orthogonal and normal series which are selected randomly by means of Monte Carlo method and op timized by adding certain constraint conditions.Then the fabric image can be decomposed into the subimages by the adaptive wavelet transform and the horizontal and vertical texture information will be perfectly contained in the subimages. Therefore this method can be effectively used for the automatic inspection of the fabric defects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676103)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313056)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City(201804010179)。
文摘Furan carboxylic acids are important building blocks in polymer and fine chemical industries. In this work, a simple substrate adaptation strategy was applied to improve the catalytic performances of Comamonas testosteroni SC1588 cells for the synthesis of various furan carboxylic acids. It was found that biocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(HMFCA) was substantially promoted by adding histidine and increasing cell concentrations. HMFCA was produced in a quantitative yield from200 m M HMF in 24 h. Besides, the HMFCA yields of 71%–81% were achieved with the substrate concentrations up to 250–300 m M. It was firstly found that 4-tert-butylcatechol(TBC), as the stabilizer present in HMF, exerted a significantly detrimental effect on whole-cell catalytic synthesis of HMFCA at high substrate concentrations(more than 130 m M). In addition, a variety of furan carboxylic acids such as2-furoic acid, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 5-methoxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid were synthesized with the yields up to 98%.
文摘Mitochondria were isolated from normal and cold adapted rat livers.The respiratory func-tion of mitochondria in rat livers,including ADP:O ratio(P/O)and the respiratory control ratio(RCR),was determined by oxygen electrode method,The protein synthesis in mitochondria wasstudied by observing the incorporation of[~3H]-Leucine into mitochondria.Polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis was carried out to detect the changes of the inner membrane proteins.It was shownthat the P/O and RCR decreased in cold adapted rats in the 2nd and 4th weeks and returned tothe control level in the 6th week,the protein synthesis of mitochondria decreased significantly incold adapted rats in 1,2 and 4 weeks;the electrophoretic pattern of the inner membrane proteinsin mitochondria from cold adapted rat livers revealed some new bands.
基金supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research,CNCS-UEFISCDI,project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2591,within PNCDI III。
文摘Magnesium and its alloys are one of the most used materials for bone implants and tissue engineering.They are characterized by numerous advantages such as biodegradability,high biocompatibility and mechanical properties with values close to the human bone.Unfortunately,the implant surface must be adequately tuned,or Mg-based alloys must be alloyed with other chemical elements due to their increased corrosion effect in physiological media.This article reviews the clinical challenges related to bone repair and regeneration,classifying bone defects and presenting some of the most used and modern therapies for bone injuries,such as Ilizarov or Masquelet techniques or stem cell treatments.The implant interface challenges are related to new bone formation and fracture healing,implant degradation and hydrogen release.A detailed analysis of mechanical properties during implant degradation is extensively described based on different literature studies that included in vitro and in vivo tests correlated with material properties’characterization.Mg-based trauma implants such as plates and screws,intramedullary nails,Herbert screws,spine cages,rings for joint treatment and regenerative scaffolds are presented,taking into consideration their manufacturing technology,the implant geometrical dimensions and shape,the type of in vivo or in vitro studies and fracture localization.Modern technologies that modify or adapt the Mg-based implant interfaces are described by presenting the main surface microstructural modifications,physical deposition and chemical conversion coatings.The last part of the article provides some recommendations from a translational perspective,identifies the challenges associated with Mg-based implants and presents some future opportunities.This review outlines the available literature on trauma and regenerative bone implants and describes the main techniques used to control the alloy corrosion rate and the cellular environment of the implant.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 31800726,81773058)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-12M-2-004,2016-12M-1-005)+2 种基金National Grand Foreign Experts Projects(G20190001633,G20190001639,G2021016012L)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant 2021C03198)Jinhua Municipal Science and Technology Department(Grant2021-3-033).
文摘Dear Editor,As the COVID-19 epidemic proceeds,new variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge.^(1)Particularly the B.1.1.529(Omicron)variant emerged and spread globally,surpassing the previously dominant B.1.617.2(Delta)variant.Moreover,the original Omicron variant continued to mutate into numerous Omicron sublineages.Nonetheless,the infectious and immune characteristics of newly-emerged Omicron sublineages that have evolved to adapt to the host remain unclear.
