Under the great changes unseen in a century,comprehensive containment and suppression of China in the name of strategic competition has become a crossparty consensus in the United States,with the Republican Trump admi...Under the great changes unseen in a century,comprehensive containment and suppression of China in the name of strategic competition has become a crossparty consensus in the United States,with the Republican Trump administration initiating the process of containing and suppressing China and the Democratic Biden administration continuing and developing such a strategy.In the process of implementing this strategy,there are some diff erences in the goals and means of the two American administrations.The Trump administration was trying to“crush China”with the super strength of the United States,with more extreme and tougher means,being more unilateralist and even going so far as to launch a“new Cold War”against China.The Biden administration,on the other hand,emphasizes long-term competition with China,and focuses on“managing competition”while suppressing China,accustomed to being double-handed and using both carrot and stick.When it comes to addressing global challenges,the Republican Party completely lacks the will to cooperate with China,while the Democratic Party has a certain need for cooperation and action.展开更多
This study aims to investigate how information technology is applied in the administration of the municipality of Ferizaj and what are the challenges with human resources, the work was carried out through a case study...This study aims to investigate how information technology is applied in the administration of the municipality of Ferizaj and what are the challenges with human resources, the work was carried out through a case study in the municipality. This paper highlights that the use of information technology provides higher efficiency for the performance of daily work in the municipality, thus also the provision of better services to citizens. However, the level of use of information technology in the Municipality of Ferizaj leaves much to be desired in terms of efficiency because a significant number of employees have not attended adequate training for the effective and efficient use of various IT applications and have not are still adapted to the digital environment in the municipality. Therefore, the recommendation derived from this paper is that the information technology environment in the municipality of Ferizaj needs to be improved by providing staff with adequate qualifications, while for those who are currently engaged in the municipality and who do not have adequate qualifications, training should be provided in a way that all users of IT applications are fully integrated into the digitized environment in order to be effective and efficient in providing services to citizens. This simultaneously gives the municipal staff job security and motivation for better services for citizens. Also, information technology enables a better control over the activity of the municipality because every action is recorded as data which can then be used to analyze the performance of the municipality.展开更多
China is Korea’s main trade partner in East Asia and one of its key economic and trade partners worldwide.The two countries have complementary industrial structure and a long history of trade exchanges.However,agains...China is Korea’s main trade partner in East Asia and one of its key economic and trade partners worldwide.The two countries have complementary industrial structure and a long history of trade exchanges.However,against the backdrop of a return to global trade protectionism and the politicization of international affairs with Yoon Suk-yeol coming to power,South Korea has undertaken a strong trade shift toward the United States(US),triggering a change in the pattern of economic cooperation in East Asia and challenging the regional trade structure.A review of the trade policy agenda of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration toward the US and China,along with a comparative review of Korea’s foreign trade stance under Moon Jae-in,allows for an analysis of the turnaround and characteristics of Yoon’s trade policy toward China during his tenure.The implications for global trade governance and regional security are further analyzed with an aim of finding a Nash equilibrium in trade cooperation among East Asian countries.展开更多
E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to ...E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Injection of glutamate (Glu) in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however,whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect...BACKGROUND:Injection of glutamate (Glu) in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however,whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of intraplantar and intrathecal injection of Glu on c-Fos expression in the L5 spinal cord dorsal horn Ⅰ/Ⅱand Ⅲ/Ⅳ layers after spinal nerve ligation,and to study the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist,D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5),and a selective group I mGluR antagonist,7-hydroyiminocyclo propan[a]chromen-1a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (cpccoEt). DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled animal study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology,Oral Anatomy,and Neurobiology,Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry,from December 2005 to December 2006. MATERIALS:Glu (5 μmol),D-AP5 (50 nmol) and cpccoEt (250 nmol) were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Osaka,Japan,and diluted in saline (50 μL). The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.4. METHODS:Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham operation (n = 6) and spinal nerve ligation (SNL; n = 6) groups for behavioral assessments of neuropathic pain after ligation surgery of the left L5-6 nerve segment. Another 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation,SNL,saline-intraplantar,saline-intrathecal,Glu-intraplantar,Glu-intrathecal,D-AP5-intrathecal,Glu-D-AP5-intrathecal,cpccoEt-intrathecal,and Glu-cpccoEt-intrathecal groups,with 6 rats in each group. All groups except sham operation group received a similar SNL. On day 14,rats received a 50-μL injection of saline,Glu,D-AP5,and/or cpccoEt into the left intraplantar or intrathecal L5-6 segments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The number of c-Fos positive neurons in both Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers at L6 was observed using immunohistochemistry 2 hours after administration. RESULTS:(1) SNL increased the level of c-Fos expression in two sides of the spinal cord,particularly on Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers of the ligated side. (2) Intraplantar or intrathecal administration of saline significantly increased the c-Fos labeled neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers of the ligated side,compared with SNL alone (P < 0.01). (3) Intraplantar Glu (5 μmol) increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers compared with intraplantar saline (P < 0.01). (4) The number of c-Fos neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱspinal layers on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after intraplantar Glu was lower than intrathecal Glu (P < 0.01),with a 3-fold higher induction by intrathecal Glu. (5) Co-administration of D-AP5 or cpccoEt reduced the effects of intrathecal Glu (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:Intrathecal Glu increases c-Fos expression more than intraplantar Glu. Antagonists of NMDA and group I mGluRs block this effect.展开更多
To evaluate the differences in outcomes of treatment with denosumab alone or denosumab combined with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients were split into a denosumab mo...To evaluate the differences in outcomes of treatment with denosumab alone or denosumab combined with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients were split into a denosumab monotherapy group(18 cases) or a denosumab plus vitamin D supplementation group(combination group; 23 cases). We measured serum bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP)-5 b and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen(NTX) at baseline, 1 week, as well as at 1 month and 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. We also measured bone mineral density(BMD) of L1–4 lumbar vertebrae(L)-BMD and bilateral hips(H)-BMD at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in patient background. TRACP-5 b and urinary NTX were significantly suppressed in both groups from 1 week to 12 months(except at 12 months for NTX). In the combination group, TRACP-5 b was significantly decreased compared with the denosumab monotherapy group at 2 and 4 months(P < 0.05).BAP was significantly suppressed in both groups at 2–12 months. L-BMD significantly increased at 8 and12 months(8.9%) in the combination group and at 4, 8 and 12 months(6.0%) in the denosumab monotherapy group, compared with those before treatment. H-BMD was significantly increased in the combination group(3.6%) compared with the denosumab group(1.2%) at 12 months(P < 0.05). Compared with denosumab monotherapy, combination therapy of denosumab with vitamin D and calcium stopped the decrease in calcium caused by denosumab, inhibited bone metabolism to a greater extent, and increased BMD(especially at the hips).展开更多
Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domaincontaining 5(FNDC5) protein. Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure, irisin stimulates browning ...Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domaincontaining 5(FNDC5) protein. Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure, irisin stimulates browning of white adipose tissue(WAT) and uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) expression, leading to an increase in total body energy expenditure by augmented UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. It is currently unknown whether irisin is secreted by bone upon exercise or whether it regulates bone metabolism in vivo. In this study, we found that 2 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise induced high levels of FNDC5 messenger RNA as well as FNDC5/irisin protein expression in murine bone tissues. Increased immunoreactivity due to exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin expression was detected in different regions of exercised femoral bones,including growth plate, trabecular bone, cortical bone, articular cartilage, and bone–tendon interface. Exercise also increased expression of osteogenic markers in bone and that of UCP1 in WAT, and led to bodyweight loss. Irisin intraperitoneal(IP) administration resulted in increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness and osteoblasts numbers, and concurrently induced UCP1 expression in subcutaneous WAT. Lentiviral FNDC5 IP administration increased cortical bone thickness. In vitro studies in bone cells revealed irisin increases osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-k B ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings show that voluntary exercise increases irisin production in bone, and that an increase in circulating irisin levels enhances osteogenesis in mice.展开更多
Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application ...Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application in this manner is not convenient. To this end, the effects of a single intraoperative administration of neutrophil peptide 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration were experimentally observed. A rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established using the clamp method. After model establishment, a normal saline group and a neutrophil peptide 1 group were injected with a single dose of normal saline or 10 μg/mL neutrophil peptide 1, respectively. A sham group, without sciatic nerve crush was also prepared as a control. Sciatic nerve function tests, neuroelectrophysiological tests, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nerve conduction velocity, sciatic functional index, and tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area were better in the neutrophil peptide 1 group than in the normal saline group at 4 weeks after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, there were no differences in the wet weight of the tibialis anterior muscle between the neutrophil peptide 1 and saline groups. Histological staining of the sciatic nerve showed no significant differences in the number of myelinated nerve fibers or the axon cross-sectional area between the neutrophil peptide 1 and normal saline groups. The above data confirmed that a single dose of neutrophil peptide 1 during surgery can promote the recovery of neurological function 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. All the experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital, China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A...BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are two potential factors in the processes of metabolism. Pharmacogenetic study of immunosuppressive drugs has focused on these two enzymes. This review was undertaken to assess the role of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of these two enzymes in the individual administration of immunosuppressive drugs. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was made using MEDLINE for articles on CYP3A and P-gp in organ transplantation. RESULTS: The SNPs of CYP3A and P-gp are closely correlated to the large variations of cyclosporine and tacrolimus dosage between different patients, although conflicting results were obtained by some authors. CONCLUSIONS: More studies should be conducted to elucidate further the pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation, a deep understanding of which would provide an important step toward drug regimen individualization in the posttransplant therapy.展开更多
Objective: Fluid therapy is one of the key components of perioperative management. However, evidence of intraoperative fluid(IOF) administration affecting clinical outcomes following McKeown esophagogastrectomy remain...Objective: Fluid therapy is one of the key components of perioperative management. However, evidence of intraoperative fluid(IOF) administration affecting clinical outcomes following McKeown esophagogastrectomy remains limited. This study investigated the impact of IOF on clinical outcomes after McKeown esophagogastrectomy.Methods: Patients who underwent McKeown esophagogastrectomy between July 2013 and July 2016 were identified. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables for each eligible patient were retrospectively collected from our electronic medical records and anesthetic records. IOF rates were determined and their relationships to postoperative clinical outcomes were compared.Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled in the analysis. The median IOF rate was 8.87 mL/kg/h. We divided the patients into two groups: a low fluid volume group(LFVG <8.87 mL/kg/h, n=273) and a high fluid volume group(HFVG ≥8.87 mL/kg/h, n=273). No statistically significant differences in postoperative clinical outcomes were found between LFVG and HFVG either before or after propensity score matching.Conclusions: No effect of IOF administration on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing McKeown esophagogastrectomy was identified. Further high-quality studies examining the influence of IOF administration on clinical outcomes following McKeown esophagogastrectomy are still needed.展开更多
Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant imp...Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to investigate effects of different glucocorticoid administration methods on sudden hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.Methods:In this study,glucocorticoids were administered orally in 18 patients,by retroauricular injection in 15 patients and by intratympanic injection in 15 patients.White blood cell(WBC)count,serum Kt,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),body temperature,heart rate and blood pressure were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on patients with hearing loss.Visual analog scale(VAS)of pain and sleep disorders were also surveyed,and pure tone audiometry(PTA)results were compared among groups to evaluate efficacy of different glucocorticoids administration methods.Result:WBC count,heart rate and blood pressure were higher in patients taking oral glucocorticoids,while body temperature,serum Kt and FPG levels did not change in all three groups.However,patients who received intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids experienced more pain,while those taking oral glucocorticoids reported more sleep impairment.Treatment efficacy on hearing loss was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusion:These findings suggest that systemic glucocorticoid administration can result in greater whole body responses than local administration,but with similar hearing treatment efficacy.展开更多
Background:Intratympanic administration of gadolinium chelate allows for a better visualization of endolymphatic hydrops(EH)using MRI than intravenous injection and was recently further improved to facilitate high-qua...Background:Intratympanic administration of gadolinium chelate allows for a better visualization of endolymphatic hydrops(EH)using MRI than intravenous injection and was recently further improved to facilitate high-quality imaging of EH in 7 min.The aim of the present study was to simplify the intratympanic administration protocol by mixing gadolinium chelate with therapeutic dexamethasone and to evaluate the effects of this mixture on the visualization of EH in MRI.Materials and methods:In an in vitro study,the potential impact of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA)on the stability of dexamethasone was evaluated by analyzing dynamic changes in dexamethasone with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)after mixing with GdDTPA.Ten patients with definite Meniere's disease(MD)were recruited to study the potential interference of dexamethasone on MRI visualization of EH,and 49 patients with MD were recruited to evaluate the effect of intratympanic injection of Gd-DTPA mixed with dexamethasone on MRI of EH using a 3T MR machine and a novel heavily T2-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery reconstructed using a magnitude plus zero-filled interpolation(hT2FLAIR-MZFI)sequence.Results:The retention times and peak area of dexamethasone in HPLC were not modified by the addition of Gd-DTPA.EH grading in the cochlea and vestibule was not influenced in any ear by intratympanic injection of dexamethasone.Excellent inner ear images were obtained from all patients,and EHs with various grades were displayed.There were significant correlations between diagnosis and cochlear EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),between diagnosis and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),and between cochlear and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho).The distribution of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone negatively correlated with the grade of vestibular EH.Injury of the endolymph-perilymph barrier was detected in one cochlea and three vestibules of 59 inner ears with MD.Conclusions:Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone yielded high-quality MRI images of EH in patients with MD using a novel 7-min protocol and simplified the clinical application.Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone might be used to test its therapeutic effect in future work.展开更多
AIM To characterize the prescribing patterns for hydrocortisone for patients with septic shock and perform an exploratory analysis in order to identify the variables associated with better outcomes.METHODS This prospe...AIM To characterize the prescribing patterns for hydrocortisone for patients with septic shock and perform an exploratory analysis in order to identify the variables associated with better outcomes.METHODS This prospective cohort study included 59 patients with septic shock who received stress-dose hydrocortisone.It was performed at 2 critical care units in academic hospitals from June 1st, 2015, to July 31 st, 2016. Demographic data, comorbidities, medical management details, adverse effects related to corticosteroids, and outcomes were collected after the critical care physician indicated initiation of hydrocortisone. Univariate comparison between continuous and bolus administration of hydrocortisone was performed, including multivariate analysis, as well as Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare the proportion of shock reversal at 7 d after presentation. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves determined the best cut-off criteria for initiation of hydrocortisone associated with the highest probability of shock reversal. We addressed the effects of the taper strategy for discontinuation of hydrocortisone, noting risk of shock relapse and adverse effects.RESULTS All-cause 30-d mortality was 42%. Hydrocortisone was administered as a continuous infusion in 54.2% of patients; time to reversal of shock was 49 h longer in patients who were given a bolus administration [59 h(range, 47.5-90.5) vs 108 h(range, 63.2-189); P = 0.001]. The maximal dose of norepinephrine after initiation of hydrocortisone was lower in patients on continuous infusion [0.19 μg/kg per minute(range, 0.11-0.28 μg)] compared with patients who were given bolus [0.34 μg/kg per minute(range, 0.16-0.49); P = 0.004]. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher proportion of shock reversal at 7 d in patients with continuous infusion compared to those given bolus(83% vs 63%; P = 0.004). There was a good correlation between time to initiation of hydrocortisone and time to reversal of shock(r = 0.80; P < 0.0001); ROC curve analysis revealed that the best criteria for prediction of shock reversal was a time to initiation of hydrocortisone of ≤ 13 h after administration of norepinephrine, with an area under the curve of 0.81(P < 0.001). The maximal dose of norepinephrine at initiation of hydrocortisone with the highest association with shock reversal was ≤ 0.28 μg/kg per minute, with an area under the curve of 0.75(P = 0.0002). On a logistic regression model, hydrocortisone taper was not associated with a lower risk of shock relapse(RR = 1.29; P = 0.17) but was related to a higher probability of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR), 5.3; P = 0.04] and hypokalemia(OR = 10.6; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Continuous infusion of hydrocortisone could hasten the resolution of septic shock compared to bolus administration. Earlier initiation corresponds with a higher probability of shock reversal. Tapering strategy is unnecessary.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain limi...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain limited in our treatment options.Recent well-publicized studies have focused on the benefit of early surgical decompression in this patient population。展开更多
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. Highly virulent systemic strains of FCV (vs FCV) have been described. These vs FCV isolates cause characteristic edema, cutaneo...Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. Highly virulent systemic strains of FCV (vs FCV) have been described. These vs FCV isolates cause characteristic edema, cutaneous ulcers and other clinical signs typically associated with FCV infection. Vs FCV isolates also cause high mortality even in previously vaccinated cats. We reported previously that the FCV serum cross-neutralization profile of cat serum generated using the oralnasal route of administration is broader than with subcutaneous administration (SC), as measured with a 26-FCV viral panel (Rong et al., Virus Research 122:95-108, 2006). In this report, we tested the in vivo ef- ficacy of the FCV vaccine, in a 4-way (FCV-FHV-FPV-FCp) format, by using a highly virulent vs FCV- 33585 as the challenge virus. Vaccines were administered as 2-dose subcutaneouly (SC/SC), or subcutaneously followed by orally (SC/Oral). The mortality induced by vs FCV-33585 in unvaccinated control cats was 78% (7 out of 9 cats). The mortality decreased to 44% (4 out of 9 cats) with cats vaccinated with the 4-way vaccine given SC/SC. However, when this vaccine was given SC/Oral, the mortality decreased to 10% (1 out of 10 cats). The clinical scores, calculated based on frequency and severity of various clinical signs, correlated with mortality data. These results demonstrated that oral administration of FCV vaccines, as the second dose following the first dose of subcutaneious administration, ehances FCV efficacy against challenge of a highly virulent vs FCV. We propose that not only oral vaccination offers convenience and needle-free inoculation, it also enhances FCV vaccine efficacy.展开更多
The transformation process of ideas of environmental protection administration in China was introduced firstly,and then the connotation and construction of ecological civilization were analyzed.
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent,unprovoked seizures resulting from the sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons.It leads to transient brain dysfunction,manifested by...BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent,unprovoked seizures resulting from the sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons.It leads to transient brain dysfunction,manifested by abnormal physical movements and consciousness.It can occur at any age,affecting approximately 65 million worldwide,one third of which are still estimated to suffer from refractory seizures.There is an urgent need for further establishment of seizure models in animals,which provides an approach to model epilepsy and could be used to identify novel anti-epileptic therapeutics in the future.AIM To compare three administration modes for establishing a seizure model caused by N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)in zebrafish.METHODS Three administration routes of NMDA,including immersion,intravitreal injection and intraperitoneal injection,were compared with regard to their effects on inducing seizure-like behaviors in adult zebrafish.We evaluated neurotoxicity by observing behavioral changes in zebrafish and graded those behaviors with a seizure score.In addition,the protective effects of MK-801(Dizocilpine)and natural active constituent resveratrol against NMDA-induced alterations were studied.RESULTS The three NMDA-administration methods triggered different patterns of the epileptic process in adult zebrafish.Seizure scores were increased after increasing NMDA concentration regardless of the mode of administration.However,the curve of immersion continuously rose to a high plateau(after 50 min),while the curves of intravitreal injection and intraperitoneal injection showed a spike in the early stage(10-20 min)followed by a steady decrease in seizure scores.Furthermore,pretreatment with resveratrol and MK-801 significantly delayed seizure onset time and lowered seizure scores.CONCLUSION By comparing the three methods of administration,intravitreal injection of NMDA was the most suitable for establishing an acute epileptic model in zebrafish.Thus,intraperitoneal injection in zebrafish can be applied to simulate diseases such as epilepsy.In addition,NMDA immersion may be an appropriate method to induce persistent seizures.Moreover,MK-801 and resveratrol showed strong anti-epileptic effects;thus,both of them may be clinically valuable treatments for epilepsy.展开更多
Objective: To measure the levels of nurse’s knowledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management. Methodology: This research study was conducted at two on...Objective: To measure the levels of nurse’s knowledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management. Methodology: This research study was conducted at two oncology units of tertiary Hospital Rawalpindi. A prepost test intervention study design was used on 35 nurses by using Verity’s tools. Results: The mean scores of knowledge were calculated by Cochran’s Q test showed that knowledge scores have significantly increased with ‘educational training’ (p value < 0.001). The difference in the attitude of the nurses was not found to be statistically significant in repeated measure of ANOVA. Conclusion: The results show that knowledge is the weakest component and attitude is strongest component of oncology nurses ‘competencies in chemotherapy administration.展开更多
We report a case of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) successfully treated with the Ras inhibitor monoterpene perillyl alcohol by intranasal administration. A 37-years-old white woman had been previously submitted to three...We report a case of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) successfully treated with the Ras inhibitor monoterpene perillyl alcohol by intranasal administration. A 37-years-old white woman had been previously submitted to three neurosurgical procedures, in June 2000 for radical tumor excision of grade II astrocytoma;in July 2003 for first recurrence of type IV glioma and in August 2004 for GBM recurrence. After last surgery, patient started a new cycle of chemotherapy but was refractory to treatment, presented clinical adverse effects and resonance image scan showed no reduction of tumoral lesion. Patient was then considered out of therapeutic possibilities and indicated for supportive treatment. On March 2005 patient joined Phase I/II clinical trial for assess the efficacy of the monoterpene POH, a Ras inhibitor. POH was administered by intranasal route four times a day (268 mg daily) as single chemotherapy agent. Image scans performed 3 and 5 years later revealed marked reduction of enhancing lesion. This illustrative case demonstrates that intranasal administration of the monoterpene POH as a single agent was an effective therapeutic strategy capable to sustain long-term regression of recurrent glioma without clinical and laboratory toxicity.展开更多
文摘Under the great changes unseen in a century,comprehensive containment and suppression of China in the name of strategic competition has become a crossparty consensus in the United States,with the Republican Trump administration initiating the process of containing and suppressing China and the Democratic Biden administration continuing and developing such a strategy.In the process of implementing this strategy,there are some diff erences in the goals and means of the two American administrations.The Trump administration was trying to“crush China”with the super strength of the United States,with more extreme and tougher means,being more unilateralist and even going so far as to launch a“new Cold War”against China.The Biden administration,on the other hand,emphasizes long-term competition with China,and focuses on“managing competition”while suppressing China,accustomed to being double-handed and using both carrot and stick.When it comes to addressing global challenges,the Republican Party completely lacks the will to cooperate with China,while the Democratic Party has a certain need for cooperation and action.
文摘This study aims to investigate how information technology is applied in the administration of the municipality of Ferizaj and what are the challenges with human resources, the work was carried out through a case study in the municipality. This paper highlights that the use of information technology provides higher efficiency for the performance of daily work in the municipality, thus also the provision of better services to citizens. However, the level of use of information technology in the Municipality of Ferizaj leaves much to be desired in terms of efficiency because a significant number of employees have not attended adequate training for the effective and efficient use of various IT applications and have not are still adapted to the digital environment in the municipality. Therefore, the recommendation derived from this paper is that the information technology environment in the municipality of Ferizaj needs to be improved by providing staff with adequate qualifications, while for those who are currently engaged in the municipality and who do not have adequate qualifications, training should be provided in a way that all users of IT applications are fully integrated into the digitized environment in order to be effective and efficient in providing services to citizens. This simultaneously gives the municipal staff job security and motivation for better services for citizens. Also, information technology enables a better control over the activity of the municipality because every action is recorded as data which can then be used to analyze the performance of the municipality.
文摘China is Korea’s main trade partner in East Asia and one of its key economic and trade partners worldwide.The two countries have complementary industrial structure and a long history of trade exchanges.However,against the backdrop of a return to global trade protectionism and the politicization of international affairs with Yoon Suk-yeol coming to power,South Korea has undertaken a strong trade shift toward the United States(US),triggering a change in the pattern of economic cooperation in East Asia and challenging the regional trade structure.A review of the trade policy agenda of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration toward the US and China,along with a comparative review of Korea’s foreign trade stance under Moon Jae-in,allows for an analysis of the turnaround and characteristics of Yoon’s trade policy toward China during his tenure.The implications for global trade governance and regional security are further analyzed with an aim of finding a Nash equilibrium in trade cooperation among East Asian countries.
文摘E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output.
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Public Health Bureau,No.20071090
文摘BACKGROUND:Injection of glutamate (Glu) in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however,whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of intraplantar and intrathecal injection of Glu on c-Fos expression in the L5 spinal cord dorsal horn Ⅰ/Ⅱand Ⅲ/Ⅳ layers after spinal nerve ligation,and to study the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist,D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5),and a selective group I mGluR antagonist,7-hydroyiminocyclo propan[a]chromen-1a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (cpccoEt). DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled animal study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology,Oral Anatomy,and Neurobiology,Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry,from December 2005 to December 2006. MATERIALS:Glu (5 μmol),D-AP5 (50 nmol) and cpccoEt (250 nmol) were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Osaka,Japan,and diluted in saline (50 μL). The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.4. METHODS:Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham operation (n = 6) and spinal nerve ligation (SNL; n = 6) groups for behavioral assessments of neuropathic pain after ligation surgery of the left L5-6 nerve segment. Another 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation,SNL,saline-intraplantar,saline-intrathecal,Glu-intraplantar,Glu-intrathecal,D-AP5-intrathecal,Glu-D-AP5-intrathecal,cpccoEt-intrathecal,and Glu-cpccoEt-intrathecal groups,with 6 rats in each group. All groups except sham operation group received a similar SNL. On day 14,rats received a 50-μL injection of saline,Glu,D-AP5,and/or cpccoEt into the left intraplantar or intrathecal L5-6 segments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The number of c-Fos positive neurons in both Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers at L6 was observed using immunohistochemistry 2 hours after administration. RESULTS:(1) SNL increased the level of c-Fos expression in two sides of the spinal cord,particularly on Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers of the ligated side. (2) Intraplantar or intrathecal administration of saline significantly increased the c-Fos labeled neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers of the ligated side,compared with SNL alone (P < 0.01). (3) Intraplantar Glu (5 μmol) increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers compared with intraplantar saline (P < 0.01). (4) The number of c-Fos neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱspinal layers on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after intraplantar Glu was lower than intrathecal Glu (P < 0.01),with a 3-fold higher induction by intrathecal Glu. (5) Co-administration of D-AP5 or cpccoEt reduced the effects of intrathecal Glu (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:Intrathecal Glu increases c-Fos expression more than intraplantar Glu. Antagonists of NMDA and group I mGluRs block this effect.
文摘To evaluate the differences in outcomes of treatment with denosumab alone or denosumab combined with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients were split into a denosumab monotherapy group(18 cases) or a denosumab plus vitamin D supplementation group(combination group; 23 cases). We measured serum bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP)-5 b and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen(NTX) at baseline, 1 week, as well as at 1 month and 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. We also measured bone mineral density(BMD) of L1–4 lumbar vertebrae(L)-BMD and bilateral hips(H)-BMD at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in patient background. TRACP-5 b and urinary NTX were significantly suppressed in both groups from 1 week to 12 months(except at 12 months for NTX). In the combination group, TRACP-5 b was significantly decreased compared with the denosumab monotherapy group at 2 and 4 months(P < 0.05).BAP was significantly suppressed in both groups at 2–12 months. L-BMD significantly increased at 8 and12 months(8.9%) in the combination group and at 4, 8 and 12 months(6.0%) in the denosumab monotherapy group, compared with those before treatment. H-BMD was significantly increased in the combination group(3.6%) compared with the denosumab group(1.2%) at 12 months(P < 0.05). Compared with denosumab monotherapy, combination therapy of denosumab with vitamin D and calcium stopped the decrease in calcium caused by denosumab, inhibited bone metabolism to a greater extent, and increased BMD(especially at the hips).
基金supported by a R01DE21464 through the National Institutes of Healthan Innovation in Oral Care Award through International Association for Dental Research and Glaxo Smith Kline Consumer Healthcare+2 种基金an Award through International Team of Implantology to JCby GZUCM Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(2016KYTD10)GZUCM Torch Program(A1-AFD015142Z08)to JZ
文摘Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domaincontaining 5(FNDC5) protein. Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure, irisin stimulates browning of white adipose tissue(WAT) and uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) expression, leading to an increase in total body energy expenditure by augmented UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. It is currently unknown whether irisin is secreted by bone upon exercise or whether it regulates bone metabolism in vivo. In this study, we found that 2 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise induced high levels of FNDC5 messenger RNA as well as FNDC5/irisin protein expression in murine bone tissues. Increased immunoreactivity due to exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin expression was detected in different regions of exercised femoral bones,including growth plate, trabecular bone, cortical bone, articular cartilage, and bone–tendon interface. Exercise also increased expression of osteogenic markers in bone and that of UCP1 in WAT, and led to bodyweight loss. Irisin intraperitoneal(IP) administration resulted in increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness and osteoblasts numbers, and concurrently induced UCP1 expression in subcutaneous WAT. Lentiviral FNDC5 IP administration increased cortical bone thickness. In vitro studies in bone cells revealed irisin increases osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-k B ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings show that voluntary exercise increases irisin production in bone, and that an increase in circulating irisin levels enhances osteogenesis in mice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31571236(to YHK)the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University),Ministry of Education,China,No.BMU2019XY007-01(to YHK)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education Innovation Program of China,No.IRT_16R01(to YHK)the Research and Development Funds of Peking University People’s Hospital,China,Nos.RDH2017-01(to YHK),RDY2018-09(to HL)。
文摘Neutrophil peptide 1 belongs to a family of peptides involved in innate immunity. Continuous intramuscular injection of neutrophil peptide 1 can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves, but clinical application in this manner is not convenient. To this end, the effects of a single intraoperative administration of neutrophil peptide 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration were experimentally observed. A rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established using the clamp method. After model establishment, a normal saline group and a neutrophil peptide 1 group were injected with a single dose of normal saline or 10 μg/mL neutrophil peptide 1, respectively. A sham group, without sciatic nerve crush was also prepared as a control. Sciatic nerve function tests, neuroelectrophysiological tests, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nerve conduction velocity, sciatic functional index, and tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area were better in the neutrophil peptide 1 group than in the normal saline group at 4 weeks after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, there were no differences in the wet weight of the tibialis anterior muscle between the neutrophil peptide 1 and saline groups. Histological staining of the sciatic nerve showed no significant differences in the number of myelinated nerve fibers or the axon cross-sectional area between the neutrophil peptide 1 and normal saline groups. The above data confirmed that a single dose of neutrophil peptide 1 during surgery can promote the recovery of neurological function 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. All the experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital, China(approval No. 2015-50) on December 9, 2015.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the 973 National Basic Research Program of China (2003CB515501)
文摘BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are two potential factors in the processes of metabolism. Pharmacogenetic study of immunosuppressive drugs has focused on these two enzymes. This review was undertaken to assess the role of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of these two enzymes in the individual administration of immunosuppressive drugs. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was made using MEDLINE for articles on CYP3A and P-gp in organ transplantation. RESULTS: The SNPs of CYP3A and P-gp are closely correlated to the large variations of cyclosporine and tacrolimus dosage between different patients, although conflicting results were obtained by some authors. CONCLUSIONS: More studies should be conducted to elucidate further the pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation, a deep understanding of which would provide an important step toward drug regimen individualization in the posttransplant therapy.
文摘Objective: Fluid therapy is one of the key components of perioperative management. However, evidence of intraoperative fluid(IOF) administration affecting clinical outcomes following McKeown esophagogastrectomy remains limited. This study investigated the impact of IOF on clinical outcomes after McKeown esophagogastrectomy.Methods: Patients who underwent McKeown esophagogastrectomy between July 2013 and July 2016 were identified. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables for each eligible patient were retrospectively collected from our electronic medical records and anesthetic records. IOF rates were determined and their relationships to postoperative clinical outcomes were compared.Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled in the analysis. The median IOF rate was 8.87 mL/kg/h. We divided the patients into two groups: a low fluid volume group(LFVG <8.87 mL/kg/h, n=273) and a high fluid volume group(HFVG ≥8.87 mL/kg/h, n=273). No statistically significant differences in postoperative clinical outcomes were found between LFVG and HFVG either before or after propensity score matching.Conclusions: No effect of IOF administration on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing McKeown esophagogastrectomy was identified. Further high-quality studies examining the influence of IOF administration on clinical outcomes following McKeown esophagogastrectomy are still needed.
基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(#201803010093)Special Cultivation Project of Sun Yat-sen University(#2018122819965)。
文摘Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to investigate effects of different glucocorticoid administration methods on sudden hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.Methods:In this study,glucocorticoids were administered orally in 18 patients,by retroauricular injection in 15 patients and by intratympanic injection in 15 patients.White blood cell(WBC)count,serum Kt,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),body temperature,heart rate and blood pressure were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on patients with hearing loss.Visual analog scale(VAS)of pain and sleep disorders were also surveyed,and pure tone audiometry(PTA)results were compared among groups to evaluate efficacy of different glucocorticoids administration methods.Result:WBC count,heart rate and blood pressure were higher in patients taking oral glucocorticoids,while body temperature,serum Kt and FPG levels did not change in all three groups.However,patients who received intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids experienced more pain,while those taking oral glucocorticoids reported more sleep impairment.Treatment efficacy on hearing loss was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusion:These findings suggest that systemic glucocorticoid administration can result in greater whole body responses than local administration,but with similar hearing treatment efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771006)
文摘Background:Intratympanic administration of gadolinium chelate allows for a better visualization of endolymphatic hydrops(EH)using MRI than intravenous injection and was recently further improved to facilitate high-quality imaging of EH in 7 min.The aim of the present study was to simplify the intratympanic administration protocol by mixing gadolinium chelate with therapeutic dexamethasone and to evaluate the effects of this mixture on the visualization of EH in MRI.Materials and methods:In an in vitro study,the potential impact of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA)on the stability of dexamethasone was evaluated by analyzing dynamic changes in dexamethasone with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)after mixing with GdDTPA.Ten patients with definite Meniere's disease(MD)were recruited to study the potential interference of dexamethasone on MRI visualization of EH,and 49 patients with MD were recruited to evaluate the effect of intratympanic injection of Gd-DTPA mixed with dexamethasone on MRI of EH using a 3T MR machine and a novel heavily T2-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery reconstructed using a magnitude plus zero-filled interpolation(hT2FLAIR-MZFI)sequence.Results:The retention times and peak area of dexamethasone in HPLC were not modified by the addition of Gd-DTPA.EH grading in the cochlea and vestibule was not influenced in any ear by intratympanic injection of dexamethasone.Excellent inner ear images were obtained from all patients,and EHs with various grades were displayed.There were significant correlations between diagnosis and cochlear EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),between diagnosis and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),and between cochlear and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho).The distribution of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone negatively correlated with the grade of vestibular EH.Injury of the endolymph-perilymph barrier was detected in one cochlea and three vestibules of 59 inner ears with MD.Conclusions:Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone yielded high-quality MRI images of EH in patients with MD using a novel 7-min protocol and simplified the clinical application.Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone might be used to test its therapeutic effect in future work.
文摘AIM To characterize the prescribing patterns for hydrocortisone for patients with septic shock and perform an exploratory analysis in order to identify the variables associated with better outcomes.METHODS This prospective cohort study included 59 patients with septic shock who received stress-dose hydrocortisone.It was performed at 2 critical care units in academic hospitals from June 1st, 2015, to July 31 st, 2016. Demographic data, comorbidities, medical management details, adverse effects related to corticosteroids, and outcomes were collected after the critical care physician indicated initiation of hydrocortisone. Univariate comparison between continuous and bolus administration of hydrocortisone was performed, including multivariate analysis, as well as Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare the proportion of shock reversal at 7 d after presentation. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves determined the best cut-off criteria for initiation of hydrocortisone associated with the highest probability of shock reversal. We addressed the effects of the taper strategy for discontinuation of hydrocortisone, noting risk of shock relapse and adverse effects.RESULTS All-cause 30-d mortality was 42%. Hydrocortisone was administered as a continuous infusion in 54.2% of patients; time to reversal of shock was 49 h longer in patients who were given a bolus administration [59 h(range, 47.5-90.5) vs 108 h(range, 63.2-189); P = 0.001]. The maximal dose of norepinephrine after initiation of hydrocortisone was lower in patients on continuous infusion [0.19 μg/kg per minute(range, 0.11-0.28 μg)] compared with patients who were given bolus [0.34 μg/kg per minute(range, 0.16-0.49); P = 0.004]. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher proportion of shock reversal at 7 d in patients with continuous infusion compared to those given bolus(83% vs 63%; P = 0.004). There was a good correlation between time to initiation of hydrocortisone and time to reversal of shock(r = 0.80; P < 0.0001); ROC curve analysis revealed that the best criteria for prediction of shock reversal was a time to initiation of hydrocortisone of ≤ 13 h after administration of norepinephrine, with an area under the curve of 0.81(P < 0.001). The maximal dose of norepinephrine at initiation of hydrocortisone with the highest association with shock reversal was ≤ 0.28 μg/kg per minute, with an area under the curve of 0.75(P = 0.0002). On a logistic regression model, hydrocortisone taper was not associated with a lower risk of shock relapse(RR = 1.29; P = 0.17) but was related to a higher probability of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR), 5.3; P = 0.04] and hypokalemia(OR = 10.6; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Continuous infusion of hydrocortisone could hasten the resolution of septic shock compared to bolus administration. Earlier initiation corresponds with a higher probability of shock reversal. Tapering strategy is unnecessary.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating pathology,with significant physical,psychosocial,and financial burdens.Despite the severity of this disease,and our deepening understanding of the pathophysiology,we remain limited in our treatment options.Recent well-publicized studies have focused on the benefit of early surgical decompression in this patient population。
文摘Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. Highly virulent systemic strains of FCV (vs FCV) have been described. These vs FCV isolates cause characteristic edema, cutaneous ulcers and other clinical signs typically associated with FCV infection. Vs FCV isolates also cause high mortality even in previously vaccinated cats. We reported previously that the FCV serum cross-neutralization profile of cat serum generated using the oralnasal route of administration is broader than with subcutaneous administration (SC), as measured with a 26-FCV viral panel (Rong et al., Virus Research 122:95-108, 2006). In this report, we tested the in vivo ef- ficacy of the FCV vaccine, in a 4-way (FCV-FHV-FPV-FCp) format, by using a highly virulent vs FCV- 33585 as the challenge virus. Vaccines were administered as 2-dose subcutaneouly (SC/SC), or subcutaneously followed by orally (SC/Oral). The mortality induced by vs FCV-33585 in unvaccinated control cats was 78% (7 out of 9 cats). The mortality decreased to 44% (4 out of 9 cats) with cats vaccinated with the 4-way vaccine given SC/SC. However, when this vaccine was given SC/Oral, the mortality decreased to 10% (1 out of 10 cats). The clinical scores, calculated based on frequency and severity of various clinical signs, correlated with mortality data. These results demonstrated that oral administration of FCV vaccines, as the second dose following the first dose of subcutaneious administration, ehances FCV efficacy against challenge of a highly virulent vs FCV. We propose that not only oral vaccination offers convenience and needle-free inoculation, it also enhances FCV vaccine efficacy.
文摘The transformation process of ideas of environmental protection administration in China was introduced firstly,and then the connotation and construction of ecological civilization were analyzed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760216,No.81160144 and No.31171044.
文摘BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent,unprovoked seizures resulting from the sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons.It leads to transient brain dysfunction,manifested by abnormal physical movements and consciousness.It can occur at any age,affecting approximately 65 million worldwide,one third of which are still estimated to suffer from refractory seizures.There is an urgent need for further establishment of seizure models in animals,which provides an approach to model epilepsy and could be used to identify novel anti-epileptic therapeutics in the future.AIM To compare three administration modes for establishing a seizure model caused by N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)in zebrafish.METHODS Three administration routes of NMDA,including immersion,intravitreal injection and intraperitoneal injection,were compared with regard to their effects on inducing seizure-like behaviors in adult zebrafish.We evaluated neurotoxicity by observing behavioral changes in zebrafish and graded those behaviors with a seizure score.In addition,the protective effects of MK-801(Dizocilpine)and natural active constituent resveratrol against NMDA-induced alterations were studied.RESULTS The three NMDA-administration methods triggered different patterns of the epileptic process in adult zebrafish.Seizure scores were increased after increasing NMDA concentration regardless of the mode of administration.However,the curve of immersion continuously rose to a high plateau(after 50 min),while the curves of intravitreal injection and intraperitoneal injection showed a spike in the early stage(10-20 min)followed by a steady decrease in seizure scores.Furthermore,pretreatment with resveratrol and MK-801 significantly delayed seizure onset time and lowered seizure scores.CONCLUSION By comparing the three methods of administration,intravitreal injection of NMDA was the most suitable for establishing an acute epileptic model in zebrafish.Thus,intraperitoneal injection in zebrafish can be applied to simulate diseases such as epilepsy.In addition,NMDA immersion may be an appropriate method to induce persistent seizures.Moreover,MK-801 and resveratrol showed strong anti-epileptic effects;thus,both of them may be clinically valuable treatments for epilepsy.
文摘Objective: To measure the levels of nurse’s knowledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management. Methodology: This research study was conducted at two oncology units of tertiary Hospital Rawalpindi. A prepost test intervention study design was used on 35 nurses by using Verity’s tools. Results: The mean scores of knowledge were calculated by Cochran’s Q test showed that knowledge scores have significantly increased with ‘educational training’ (p value < 0.001). The difference in the attitude of the nurses was not found to be statistically significant in repeated measure of ANOVA. Conclusion: The results show that knowledge is the weakest component and attitude is strongest component of oncology nurses ‘competencies in chemotherapy administration.
文摘We report a case of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) successfully treated with the Ras inhibitor monoterpene perillyl alcohol by intranasal administration. A 37-years-old white woman had been previously submitted to three neurosurgical procedures, in June 2000 for radical tumor excision of grade II astrocytoma;in July 2003 for first recurrence of type IV glioma and in August 2004 for GBM recurrence. After last surgery, patient started a new cycle of chemotherapy but was refractory to treatment, presented clinical adverse effects and resonance image scan showed no reduction of tumoral lesion. Patient was then considered out of therapeutic possibilities and indicated for supportive treatment. On March 2005 patient joined Phase I/II clinical trial for assess the efficacy of the monoterpene POH, a Ras inhibitor. POH was administered by intranasal route four times a day (268 mg daily) as single chemotherapy agent. Image scans performed 3 and 5 years later revealed marked reduction of enhancing lesion. This illustrative case demonstrates that intranasal administration of the monoterpene POH as a single agent was an effective therapeutic strategy capable to sustain long-term regression of recurrent glioma without clinical and laboratory toxicity.
