As an important endocrine organ of the human, the adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis of various steroids. It is important to maintain pregnancy, promote fetal growth and nervous system development. Moreov...As an important endocrine organ of the human, the adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis of various steroids. It is important to maintain pregnancy, promote fetal growth and nervous system development. Moreover, it is also important for the growth and development of the fetus after birth. Abnormal functional development of the adrenal cortex will induce the abnormal synthesis of steroid hormones and trigger the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we discuss the morphological and functional development of fetal adrenal cortex and its regulatory factors in humans and rodents.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,which accounts for about approximately 30%to 40%of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,is the most common type and is a class of aggressive B-cell lymphomas.However,diffuse large B-cel...BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,which accounts for about approximately 30%to 40%of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,is the most common type and is a class of aggressive B-cell lymphomas.However,diffuse large B-cell lymphomas primary to the adrenal gland are rare.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fatigue.After admission,enhanced adrenal computed tomography indicated irregular masses on both adrenal glands,with the larger one on the left side,approximately 8.0 cm×4.3 cm in size.The boundary was irregular,and surrounding tissues were compressed.No obvious enhancement was observed in the arterial phase.Resection of the left adrenal gland was performed.Pathological diagnosis revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.After surgery,the patient received RCHOP immunochemotherapy.During the fourth immunochemotherapy,patient condition deteriorated,and he eventually died of respiratory failure.CONCLUSION R-CHOP is the conventional immunochemotherapy for primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Surgery is mainly used to diagnose the disease.Hence,the ideal treatment plan remains to be confirmed.展开更多
Objective: To observe the influence of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on adrenal cortex, stress factors and immunologic function in patients with lung cancer. Methods:A total of 60 patients with ...Objective: To observe the influence of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on adrenal cortex, stress factors and immunologic function in patients with lung cancer. Methods:A total of 60 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups: observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Observation group: general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia;control group: patients were treated only by general anesthesia. Recording and comparing the levels of Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS and immunologic function before and after treatment. Results: (1) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels between the two groups. After treatment, the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. (2) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+between the two groups. After treatment, the CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, the CD8+ of the two groups were significantly higher, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for patients with lung cancer can perfect the levels of serum adrenal cortical hormone, stress factors and be beneficial to protect their immunologic function.展开更多
Rationale:Adrenal histoplasmosis can present as bilateral adrenal enlargement with constitutional symptoms and/or adrenal insufficiency.Often these patients are initially investigated as secondary adrenal metastases b...Rationale:Adrenal histoplasmosis can present as bilateral adrenal enlargement with constitutional symptoms and/or adrenal insufficiency.Often these patients are initially investigated as secondary adrenal metastases before eventually their diagnosis established by histopathological examination of the adrenal tissues.Patients concerns:We report 4 cases of patients aged 55-78 who presented with hypocortisolism and bilateral adrenal masses.Diagnoses:Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis.Interventions:Three patients received antifungal treatment for at least one year while 1 patient passed away before the initiation of antifungal treatment.Outcomes:Two patients’adrenal function recovered not requiring any steroid replacement,while 1 patient still requires long-term steroid replacement.Lessons:Adrenal histoplasmosis should be excluded in patients from endemic areas presenting with bilateral adrenal masses and adrenal insufficiency.Usually patients have an exposure to bird droppings,bat guano or soil contaminated with histoplasmosis fungi.Histopathological examination of biopsied adrenal tissues is still the gold standard investigation as serology and molecular diagnostic methods are still not widely available in most centers in Malaysia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Addison’s disease(AD)is a rare but potentially fatal disease in Western countries,which can easily be misdiagnosed at an early stage.Severe adrenal tuberculosis(TB)may lead to depression in patients.CASE S...BACKGROUND Addison’s disease(AD)is a rare but potentially fatal disease in Western countries,which can easily be misdiagnosed at an early stage.Severe adrenal tuberculosis(TB)may lead to depression in patients.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of primary adrenal insufficiency secondary to adrenal TB with TB in the lungs and skin in a 48-year-old woman.The patient was misdiagnosed with depression because of her depressed mood.She had hyperpigmentation of the skin,nails,mouth,and lips.The final diagnosis was adrenal TB that resulted in the insufficient secretion of adrenocortical hormone.Adrenocortical hormone test,skin biopsy,T cell spot test of TB,and adrenal computed tomography scan were used to confirm the diagnosis.The patient’s condition improved after hormone replacement therapy and TB treatment.CONCLUSION Given the current status of TB in high-burden countries,outpatient doctors should be aware of and pay attention to TB and understand the early symptoms of AD.展开更多
Stroke is a physiological alteration associated with changes in blood flow that can result in sudden-onset cognitive impairment. It has a heterogenous clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity correlated ...Stroke is a physiological alteration associated with changes in blood flow that can result in sudden-onset cognitive impairment. It has a heterogenous clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity correlated with specific central nervous system zones or areas, and its prognosis is uncertain. This case study describes a 62-year-old male patient with acquired brain damage of the anterior cingulate cortex as a result of an ischemic event in the territory of the left anterior cerebral artery. Cognitive function was assessed using the neuropsychological executive function and frontal lobe test battery (BANFE-2) as well as other neuropsychological tests. The results show a profile of higher mental functions characterized by the presence of dysexecutive syndrome with marked behavioral alteration and diencephalic amnesia. .展开更多
Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive ...Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning.Executive functions help us plan,organize,and control our actions based on our goals.The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal co rtex.It acts as the command center for the brain,especially when it comes to regulating executive functions.The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine.However,little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this article,the authors review the latest research on this topic.They start by looking at how the dopaminergic syste m,is alte red in Parkinson’s disease with executive dysfunction.Then,they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure,electrical activity,and connection components of the prefrontal cortex.The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues.This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and...Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood.Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy.However,the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown,and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice.In this study,we used a multichannel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process.We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes.In particular,cortical spreading depression,which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals,was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from gradeⅡto gradeⅤ.However,vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures.Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to gradeⅠepisodes.In addition,the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged,and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced.Intriguingly,it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics.Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors,we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced,and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved.Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades.Furthermore,the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy,thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.展开更多
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the pr...Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the primary visual cortex(V1)is altered in glaucoma.This study used DBA/2J mice as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma.The aim of the study was to compare the electrophysiological and histomorphological chara cteristics of neurons in the V1between 9-month-old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice.We conducted single-unit recordings in the V1 of light-anesthetized mice to measure the visually induced responses,including single-unit spiking and gamma band oscillations.The morphology of layerⅡ/Ⅲneurons was determined by neuronal nuclear antigen staining and Nissl staining of brain tissue sections.Eighty-seven neurons from eight DBA/2J mice and eighty-one neurons from eight C57BL/6J mice were examined.Compared with the C57BL/6J group,V1 neurons in the DBA/2J group exhibited weaker visual tuning and impaired spatial summation.Moreove r,fewer neuro ns were observed in the V1 of DBA/2J mice compared with C57BL/6J mice.These findings suggest that DBA/2J mice have fewer neurons in the VI compared with C57BL/6J mice,and that these neurons have impaired visual tuning.Our findings provide a better understanding of the pathological changes that occur in V1 neuron function and morphology in the DBA/2J mouse model.This study might offer some innovative perspectives regarding the treatment of glaucoma.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological,demographic,clinical features,treatment approaches,and survival of patients followed up for adrenal incidentaloma.Methods:Data from 46 patients who were treated and followed u...Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological,demographic,clinical features,treatment approaches,and survival of patients followed up for adrenal incidentaloma.Methods:Data from 46 patients who were treated and followed up due to adrenal incidentaloma in the Endocrinology Department of Mersin University Health Research and Application Hospital between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of the cases included in the study,13 were male,33 were female,and the mean age was 54.09±10.7 years.The most common reason for admission was abdominal pain in 34.78%of the patients,the most commonly diagnosed radiological method was dynamic adrenal CT in 60.87%,and the most common location was the left adrenal gland.The mean lesion diameter was between 26.8±16.5 mm.The frequency of hypertension was 50%,obesity 47.8%,type 2 diabetes 21.7%,osteoporosis 42.8%,and metabolic syndrome 41.3%.According to hormonal evaluation results,non-functional adrenal adenoma(NFAA)was found in 82.61%,subclinical Cushing’s syndrome(SCS)in 15.21%,and aldosteronoma in 2.1%.Myelolipoma,pheochromocytoma,and adrenocortical adenoma were diagnosed in 8 cases undergoing adrenalectomy.One patient died due to liver failure.No hormonal activation or growth in lesion size was detected during the follow-up of the patients.Conclusion:Due to the very different pathological and radiological appearances of adrenal incidentaloma,it is important to evaluate demographic,etiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological data as a whole in the treatment and follow-up.展开更多
针对采用控制器局域网络(CAN:Controller Area Network)总线的自动操舵系统和采用串口通讯的航海导航设备之间通讯的不匹配问题,设计了一种基于Cortex-M3嵌入式平台的通信转换模块,实现了串口与CAN总线数据的双向转换功能。同时对传统CA...针对采用控制器局域网络(CAN:Controller Area Network)总线的自动操舵系统和采用串口通讯的航海导航设备之间通讯的不匹配问题,设计了一种基于Cortex-M3嵌入式平台的通信转换模块,实现了串口与CAN总线数据的双向转换功能。同时对传统CAN收发器CTM1050存在的信号稳定性不足、波特率精准度低等问题,提出并实现了一种硬件电路的替代方案,提高了数据通讯的时效性和稳定性。基于CAN2.0B扩展帧,设计了自动操舵系统内部CAN总线协议。该协议可根据报文信息优先级分配标识帧,保证了总线数据的有序传输。实验结果表明,该通讯模块功能使用正常且通讯效果良好,具有一定通用性,可在多种需要转换的设备系统上推广使用。展开更多
The adrenal gland secretes a variety of hormones that regulate physiological functions,and adrenal lesions can lead to insidious or sudden onset diseases that are easily misdiagnosed.Recently,several young patients wi...The adrenal gland secretes a variety of hormones that regulate physiological functions,and adrenal lesions can lead to insidious or sudden onset diseases that are easily misdiagnosed.Recently,several young patients with unknown sudden and refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest(CA)were successfully treated in our emergency department by the application of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO).These life-threatening conditions were finally determined to be caused by adrenal lesions,which highlight the bridging role of VA-ECMO.[1]展开更多
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequently discussed together and considered two closely related diseases.APS involves multiple organ systems,but APS-related endocrine manife...Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequently discussed together and considered two closely related diseases.APS involves multiple organ systems,but APS-related endocrine manifestations are rare.^([1])Among them,adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the first endocrine manifestation of APS.The prompt diagnosis of AI is critical,as this disorder has high morbidity and mortality if left untreated.Here,we report a rare case of acute AI caused by APS secondary to SLE.CASEIn August 2022,a 39-year-old woman without a significant family history of medical diseases presented to our emergency department (ED) for low back pain,nausea,anorexia,fatigue,hypoglycemia,and hypotension.One month prior,she had fatigue,loss of appetite,low back pain,cough with sputum.展开更多
Background: The suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors is well recognized and requires peri- and postoperative hydrocortisone substitution. Case Presentation...Background: The suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors is well recognized and requires peri- and postoperative hydrocortisone substitution. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female patient with hypertension and progressive weight gain, the clinical signs of hypercorticism motivated a hormonal workup revealing an independent ACTH Cushing’s syndrome: with urinary free cortisol (UFC) at 649 nmol/24h (4× normal), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) at 1.5 ng/l. The rest of the hormonal workup was not performed due to a lack of financial means. An Adrenal CT scan showed a 4 cm right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy with an adrenal adenoma on pathological examination. The contralateral side was normal. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone 30 mg/d for 6 weeks then 15 mg/d, during the monitoring we noted a persistence of the adrenal insufficiency for now 4 years. Basal cortisol levels during follow-up were very low (<3 μg/dl) ruling out the need for synacthen stimulation tests. Conclusion: Adrenal cortisol tumors are recognized by suppression, the duration of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression is variable from 11 to 60 months depending on the series, which depends on the duration, severity of hypercortisolism, tumor size and other unknown factors. A longer follow-up of these patients is necessary to look for recovery of the contralateral adrenal gland.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI) represents a significant cause of disability worldwide.It creates a vast array of damaging macro-and microscopic changes in the affected brain area(s),ranging from neuronal cell death,chang...Traumatic brain injury(TBI) represents a significant cause of disability worldwide.It creates a vast array of damaging macro-and microscopic changes in the affected brain area(s),ranging from neuronal cell death,changes in structural spine integrity and dynamics to axonal injury and ove rall neuronal circuit disruption,ultimately leading to functional and cognitive deficits in both humans and animal models(N udo,2013).展开更多
文摘As an important endocrine organ of the human, the adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis of various steroids. It is important to maintain pregnancy, promote fetal growth and nervous system development. Moreover, it is also important for the growth and development of the fetus after birth. Abnormal functional development of the adrenal cortex will induce the abnormal synthesis of steroid hormones and trigger the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we discuss the morphological and functional development of fetal adrenal cortex and its regulatory factors in humans and rodents.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060464 and No.81972395.
文摘BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,which accounts for about approximately 30%to 40%of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,is the most common type and is a class of aggressive B-cell lymphomas.However,diffuse large B-cell lymphomas primary to the adrenal gland are rare.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fatigue.After admission,enhanced adrenal computed tomography indicated irregular masses on both adrenal glands,with the larger one on the left side,approximately 8.0 cm×4.3 cm in size.The boundary was irregular,and surrounding tissues were compressed.No obvious enhancement was observed in the arterial phase.Resection of the left adrenal gland was performed.Pathological diagnosis revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.After surgery,the patient received RCHOP immunochemotherapy.During the fourth immunochemotherapy,patient condition deteriorated,and he eventually died of respiratory failure.CONCLUSION R-CHOP is the conventional immunochemotherapy for primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Surgery is mainly used to diagnose the disease.Hence,the ideal treatment plan remains to be confirmed.
文摘Objective: To observe the influence of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on adrenal cortex, stress factors and immunologic function in patients with lung cancer. Methods:A total of 60 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups: observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Observation group: general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia;control group: patients were treated only by general anesthesia. Recording and comparing the levels of Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS and immunologic function before and after treatment. Results: (1) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels between the two groups. After treatment, the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. (2) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+between the two groups. After treatment, the CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, the CD8+ of the two groups were significantly higher, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for patients with lung cancer can perfect the levels of serum adrenal cortical hormone, stress factors and be beneficial to protect their immunologic function.
文摘Rationale:Adrenal histoplasmosis can present as bilateral adrenal enlargement with constitutional symptoms and/or adrenal insufficiency.Often these patients are initially investigated as secondary adrenal metastases before eventually their diagnosis established by histopathological examination of the adrenal tissues.Patients concerns:We report 4 cases of patients aged 55-78 who presented with hypocortisolism and bilateral adrenal masses.Diagnoses:Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis.Interventions:Three patients received antifungal treatment for at least one year while 1 patient passed away before the initiation of antifungal treatment.Outcomes:Two patients’adrenal function recovered not requiring any steroid replacement,while 1 patient still requires long-term steroid replacement.Lessons:Adrenal histoplasmosis should be excluded in patients from endemic areas presenting with bilateral adrenal masses and adrenal insufficiency.Usually patients have an exposure to bird droppings,bat guano or soil contaminated with histoplasmosis fungi.Histopathological examination of biopsied adrenal tissues is still the gold standard investigation as serology and molecular diagnostic methods are still not widely available in most centers in Malaysia.
文摘BACKGROUND Addison’s disease(AD)is a rare but potentially fatal disease in Western countries,which can easily be misdiagnosed at an early stage.Severe adrenal tuberculosis(TB)may lead to depression in patients.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of primary adrenal insufficiency secondary to adrenal TB with TB in the lungs and skin in a 48-year-old woman.The patient was misdiagnosed with depression because of her depressed mood.She had hyperpigmentation of the skin,nails,mouth,and lips.The final diagnosis was adrenal TB that resulted in the insufficient secretion of adrenocortical hormone.Adrenocortical hormone test,skin biopsy,T cell spot test of TB,and adrenal computed tomography scan were used to confirm the diagnosis.The patient’s condition improved after hormone replacement therapy and TB treatment.CONCLUSION Given the current status of TB in high-burden countries,outpatient doctors should be aware of and pay attention to TB and understand the early symptoms of AD.
文摘Stroke is a physiological alteration associated with changes in blood flow that can result in sudden-onset cognitive impairment. It has a heterogenous clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity correlated with specific central nervous system zones or areas, and its prognosis is uncertain. This case study describes a 62-year-old male patient with acquired brain damage of the anterior cingulate cortex as a result of an ischemic event in the territory of the left anterior cerebral artery. Cognitive function was assessed using the neuropsychological executive function and frontal lobe test battery (BANFE-2) as well as other neuropsychological tests. The results show a profile of higher mental functions characterized by the presence of dysexecutive syndrome with marked behavioral alteration and diencephalic amnesia. .
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101263Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths,No.BK20210903Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Xuzhou Medical University,No.RC20552114(all to CT)。
文摘Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning.Executive functions help us plan,organize,and control our actions based on our goals.The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal co rtex.It acts as the command center for the brain,especially when it comes to regulating executive functions.The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine.However,little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this article,the authors review the latest research on this topic.They start by looking at how the dopaminergic syste m,is alte red in Parkinson’s disease with executive dysfunction.Then,they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure,electrical activity,and connection components of the prefrontal cortex.The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues.This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.62027812(to HS),81771470(to HS),and 82101608(to YL)Tianjin Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project,No.2020YJSS122(to XD)。
文摘Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence rate.The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood.Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy.However,the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown,and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice.In this study,we used a multichannel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process.We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes.In particular,cortical spreading depression,which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals,was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from gradeⅡto gradeⅤ.However,vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures.Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to gradeⅠepisodes.In addition,the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged,and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced.Intriguingly,it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics.Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors,we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced,and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved.Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades.Furthermore,the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy,thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects 2022ZD0208500(to DY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072011(to YX),82121003(to DY),82271120(to YS)+2 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2022ZYD0066(to YS)a grant from Chinese Academy of Medical Science,No.2019-12M-5-032(to YS)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.ZYGX2021YGLH219(to KC)。
文摘Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the primary visual cortex(V1)is altered in glaucoma.This study used DBA/2J mice as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma.The aim of the study was to compare the electrophysiological and histomorphological chara cteristics of neurons in the V1between 9-month-old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice.We conducted single-unit recordings in the V1 of light-anesthetized mice to measure the visually induced responses,including single-unit spiking and gamma band oscillations.The morphology of layerⅡ/Ⅲneurons was determined by neuronal nuclear antigen staining and Nissl staining of brain tissue sections.Eighty-seven neurons from eight DBA/2J mice and eighty-one neurons from eight C57BL/6J mice were examined.Compared with the C57BL/6J group,V1 neurons in the DBA/2J group exhibited weaker visual tuning and impaired spatial summation.Moreove r,fewer neuro ns were observed in the V1 of DBA/2J mice compared with C57BL/6J mice.These findings suggest that DBA/2J mice have fewer neurons in the VI compared with C57BL/6J mice,and that these neurons have impaired visual tuning.Our findings provide a better understanding of the pathological changes that occur in V1 neuron function and morphology in the DBA/2J mouse model.This study might offer some innovative perspectives regarding the treatment of glaucoma.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological,demographic,clinical features,treatment approaches,and survival of patients followed up for adrenal incidentaloma.Methods:Data from 46 patients who were treated and followed up due to adrenal incidentaloma in the Endocrinology Department of Mersin University Health Research and Application Hospital between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of the cases included in the study,13 were male,33 were female,and the mean age was 54.09±10.7 years.The most common reason for admission was abdominal pain in 34.78%of the patients,the most commonly diagnosed radiological method was dynamic adrenal CT in 60.87%,and the most common location was the left adrenal gland.The mean lesion diameter was between 26.8±16.5 mm.The frequency of hypertension was 50%,obesity 47.8%,type 2 diabetes 21.7%,osteoporosis 42.8%,and metabolic syndrome 41.3%.According to hormonal evaluation results,non-functional adrenal adenoma(NFAA)was found in 82.61%,subclinical Cushing’s syndrome(SCS)in 15.21%,and aldosteronoma in 2.1%.Myelolipoma,pheochromocytoma,and adrenocortical adenoma were diagnosed in 8 cases undergoing adrenalectomy.One patient died due to liver failure.No hormonal activation or growth in lesion size was detected during the follow-up of the patients.Conclusion:Due to the very different pathological and radiological appearances of adrenal incidentaloma,it is important to evaluate demographic,etiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological data as a whole in the treatment and follow-up.
文摘针对采用控制器局域网络(CAN:Controller Area Network)总线的自动操舵系统和采用串口通讯的航海导航设备之间通讯的不匹配问题,设计了一种基于Cortex-M3嵌入式平台的通信转换模块,实现了串口与CAN总线数据的双向转换功能。同时对传统CAN收发器CTM1050存在的信号稳定性不足、波特率精准度低等问题,提出并实现了一种硬件电路的替代方案,提高了数据通讯的时效性和稳定性。基于CAN2.0B扩展帧,设计了自动操舵系统内部CAN总线协议。该协议可根据报文信息优先级分配标识帧,保证了总线数据的有序传输。实验结果表明,该通讯模块功能使用正常且通讯效果良好,具有一定通用性,可在多种需要转换的设备系统上推广使用。
基金Ruiyi Emergency Medical Research Fund(2021-22)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2020SK53707)。
文摘The adrenal gland secretes a variety of hormones that regulate physiological functions,and adrenal lesions can lead to insidious or sudden onset diseases that are easily misdiagnosed.Recently,several young patients with unknown sudden and refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest(CA)were successfully treated in our emergency department by the application of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO).These life-threatening conditions were finally determined to be caused by adrenal lesions,which highlight the bridging role of VA-ECMO.[1]
文摘Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequently discussed together and considered two closely related diseases.APS involves multiple organ systems,but APS-related endocrine manifestations are rare.^([1])Among them,adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the first endocrine manifestation of APS.The prompt diagnosis of AI is critical,as this disorder has high morbidity and mortality if left untreated.Here,we report a rare case of acute AI caused by APS secondary to SLE.CASEIn August 2022,a 39-year-old woman without a significant family history of medical diseases presented to our emergency department (ED) for low back pain,nausea,anorexia,fatigue,hypoglycemia,and hypotension.One month prior,she had fatigue,loss of appetite,low back pain,cough with sputum.
文摘Background: The suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors is well recognized and requires peri- and postoperative hydrocortisone substitution. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female patient with hypertension and progressive weight gain, the clinical signs of hypercorticism motivated a hormonal workup revealing an independent ACTH Cushing’s syndrome: with urinary free cortisol (UFC) at 649 nmol/24h (4× normal), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) at 1.5 ng/l. The rest of the hormonal workup was not performed due to a lack of financial means. An Adrenal CT scan showed a 4 cm right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy with an adrenal adenoma on pathological examination. The contralateral side was normal. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone 30 mg/d for 6 weeks then 15 mg/d, during the monitoring we noted a persistence of the adrenal insufficiency for now 4 years. Basal cortisol levels during follow-up were very low (<3 μg/dl) ruling out the need for synacthen stimulation tests. Conclusion: Adrenal cortisol tumors are recognized by suppression, the duration of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression is variable from 11 to 60 months depending on the series, which depends on the duration, severity of hypercortisolism, tumor size and other unknown factors. A longer follow-up of these patients is necessary to look for recovery of the contralateral adrenal gland.
基金supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgem einschoft (DFGTRR274/1+6 种基金ID 408885537Project C03)the Wings for Lifethe Humboldt foundationsupported by the Munich Center for Systems Neurology (DFGSyNergyEXC 2145/ID390857198)
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI) represents a significant cause of disability worldwide.It creates a vast array of damaging macro-and microscopic changes in the affected brain area(s),ranging from neuronal cell death,changes in structural spine integrity and dynamics to axonal injury and ove rall neuronal circuit disruption,ultimately leading to functional and cognitive deficits in both humans and animal models(N udo,2013).
