To meet the emission standard of nitrogen oxides(NOx)in the flue gas of batch furnaces through dry adsorption,a calcium-silica inorganic adsorbent was prepared with limestone and quartz as raw materials.Sample Cu-BTC ...To meet the emission standard of nitrogen oxides(NOx)in the flue gas of batch furnaces through dry adsorption,a calcium-silica inorganic adsorbent was prepared with limestone and quartz as raw materials.Sample Cu-BTC 1#was obtained by solvothermal synthesis,drying and purification in vacuum at 120℃using trimesic acid(H3BTC)and copper nitrate trihydrate(Cu(NO_(3))2·3H_(2)O)as raw materials;likewise,sample Cu-BTC 3#was obtained at 200℃.Sample Cu-BTC 2#was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis,drying and purification in air(metal-organic frameworks,1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid copper).The two types of materials were tested in terms of the NO_(2) adsorption,and then the specific surface area,pore volume,NO_(2) adsorption performance,phase composition,microstructure and thermal stability of the adsorbent materials were exploredvia N_(2) physical adsorption-desorption,SEM,XRD and TG characterization.The results show that:(1)the Cu-BTC samples have higher adsorption capacity than the calcium-silica adsorbent,in which sample Cu-BTC 3#has the largest specific surface area and pore volume,thus adsorption capacity for NO_(2);(2)the calcium-silica adsorbent has better thermal stability and lower total mass loss during the entire process than the Cu-BTC samples;sample Cu-BTC 2#has the best thermal stability among the three Cu-BTC samples,and the metal Cu active sites of the Cu-BTC samples can be exposed at least above 150℃.展开更多
The increase in energy demand caused by industrialization leads to abundant CO_2 emissions into atmosphere and induces abrupt rise in earth temperature. It is vital to acquire relatively simple and cost-effective tech...The increase in energy demand caused by industrialization leads to abundant CO_2 emissions into atmosphere and induces abrupt rise in earth temperature. It is vital to acquire relatively simple and cost-effective technologies to separate CO_2 from the flue gas and reduce its environmental impact. Solid adsorption is now considered an economic and least interfering way to capture CO_2, in that it can accomplish the goal of small energy penalty and few modifications to power plants. In this regard, we attempt to review the CO_2 adsorption performances of several types of solid adsorbents, including zeolites, clays, activated carbons, alkali metal oxides and carbonates, silica materials, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and polymerized high internal phase emulsions. These solid adsorbents have been assessed in their CO_2 adsorption capacities along with other important parameters including adsorption kinetics, effect of water, recycling stability and regenerability. In particular,the superior properties of adsorbents enhanced by impregnating or grafting amine groups have been discussed for developing applicable candidates for industrial CO_2 capture.展开更多
Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized a...Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Molecular adsorbents recirculating sys- tem (MARS) liver support therapy is the development of albumin dialysis. This study was to assess the successful ap- plication of MARS artificial liver support thera...BACKGROUND: Molecular adsorbents recirculating sys- tem (MARS) liver support therapy is the development of albumin dialysis. This study was to assess the successful ap- plication of MARS artificial liver support therapy as a bridge to re-transplantation in two cases of long anhepatic duration. METHODS: MARS therapy was given after failure plasma- exchange ( PE) treatment, which resulted in circulatory de- rangement and acute renal dysfunction in a 36-year-old male patient. Finally his uncontrolled anhepatic condition led to a successful re-transplantation. In another 48-year- old man who was diagnosed as having primary nonfunction (PNF) during the liver transplantation, 10-hour MARS treatment contributed to smooth bridging of his anhepatic phase. RESULTS: The two anhepatic patients were bridged for 26 and 17 hours respectively to re-transplantation with MARS therapy. CONCLUSION: Our experience proves that MARS artifi- cial liver can be an effective support for long time bridging PNF until re-transplantation is available.展开更多
Removal of dye from the industrial wastewater is one of the most important subjects in water pollution regulation.Successive adsorption/desorption cycles of a basic dye, methylene blue, on the internal almond shell, s...Removal of dye from the industrial wastewater is one of the most important subjects in water pollution regulation.Successive adsorption/desorption cycles of a basic dye, methylene blue, on the internal almond shell, sheep manure waste and sawdust were investigated using fixed bed column experiments in order to study the adsorption capacity to remove MB and adsorbent regeneration efficiency. The adsorption breakthrough curves were predicted by the Thomas model, Yoon Nelson model, and Wolborska model and modified dose–response model using non-linear regression analysis. The results showed that the modified dose–response model was more suitable for the description of breakthrough curves for three adsorbents only in the first cycle. Although sheep manure waste presents the highest adsorption capacity, it is hard to regenerate and needs more time regeneration. Conversely, the internal almond shell presents lower adsorption capacity, but they are more readily regenerated.展开更多
A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic ac...A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.展开更多
The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal fu...The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.展开更多
Amines in porous materials have been employed as active species for the selective CO_(2) adsorption from natural gas because of their target-specific interactions.Nevertheless,it is difficult to modulate such strong i...Amines in porous materials have been employed as active species for the selective CO_(2) adsorption from natural gas because of their target-specific interactions.Nevertheless,it is difficult to modulate such strong interactions to reach a high efficiency in the adsorption processes.Herein,we fabricated lightresponsive adsorbents with tunable adsorbent–adsorbate interactions for CO_(2) capture.The adsorbents were synthesized by introducing primary and secondary amines into a mesoporous silica that had been grafted with azobenzene groups on the surfaces.The target-specific amine sites render the adsorbents significantly selective in the uptake of CO_(2) over CH_(4),and the azobenzene groups were used as lightresponsive switches to influence the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions.The adsorbents can freely adsorb CO_(2) when the azobenzene groups are in the trans state.Ultraviolet-light irradiation makes the azobenzene groups transform to the cis configuration,which greatly hinders amines in the uptake of CO_(2).The caused difference of adsorption capacity can reach 34.9%.The alternative irradiation by ultravioletand visible-light can lead to a recyclable regulation on adsorption performance.The changes of the electrostatic potentials of amines are responsible for the light-induced regulation on adsorption.展开更多
With the continuous growth of the world population,the demand for fresh water is ever increasing.Water desalination is a means of producing fresh water from saline water,and one of the proposed solutions in the scient...With the continuous growth of the world population,the demand for fresh water is ever increasing.Water desalination is a means of producing fresh water from saline water,and one of the proposed solutions in the scientific community for solving the current global freshwater shortage.Adsorption is foreseen as a promising technology for desalination due to its relatively low energy requirements,low environmental impact,low cost and high salt removal efficiency.More importantly,chemicals are not required in adsorption processes.Active carbons,zeolites,carbon nanostructures,graphene and coordination framework materials are amongst the most investigated adsorbents for adsorption desalination,which show different performances regarding adsorption rate,adsorption capacity,stability and recyclability.In this review,the latest adsorbent materials with their features are assessed(using metrics)and commented critically,and the current trend for their development is discussed.The adsorption mode is also reviewed,which can provide guidance for the design of adsorbents from the engineering application point of view.展开更多
In this study, we prepared and applied polymeric porous microsphere adsorbents with selectivity for Li^+ extraction from aqueous solution. We synthesized the adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methacryloyox...In this study, we prepared and applied polymeric porous microsphere adsorbents with selectivity for Li^+ extraction from aqueous solution. We synthesized the adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methacryloyoxyme-12-crown-4(M12C4) as a functional monomer, which had been synthesized from 2-hyroxymethyl-12-crown-4 and methacryloyl chloride. We verified the chemical composition by solid nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) spectroscopy and observed the porous structure by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). We conducted adsorption isothermal and kinetic tests to determine the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorbents showed high adsorption efficiency and an adsorption equilibrium time of 200 min. In addition, since the crown ether used in this work could form a stable complex with Li^+, we observed good selectivity for Li^+ in the prepared solution compared with other ions such as Na^+, K^+, Mg^(2+), and Ca^(2+). We reused the adsorbents five times with no significant decrease in adsorptive capacity.展开更多
Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegra...Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegradable nature of these adsorbents makes it a better alternative to the non biodegradable synthetic polymers. Dry unripe plantain peels and groundnut husks were used to prepare the adsorbents. The adsorption and percentage removal of crude oil from effluent produce water was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time,temperature and particle size. The particle size of the adsorbents should not be less than 150 μm to avoid making the particles so loosed thus posing difficulty in recovery. The two adsorbents exhibit high affinity for oil adsorption with time especially at 75 μm, groundnut husk has a better performance because of its larger surface area and the presence of residual oil in the plantain peels. Agitation at 150 r.min-1 and contact time between 15 - 75 min are recommended. The optimum adsorption temperature ranged between 25°C - 45°C and 15°C - 45°C for groundnut husks and plantain peels respectively. The adsorption data indicated that a pseudo-second- order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents.展开更多
Hybrid adsorbents for CO_2 capture were prepared by coassembling laponite(LP) nanosheets and 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCl). The prepared BMIMCl/LP layered hybrids were systematically characterized. The...Hybrid adsorbents for CO_2 capture were prepared by coassembling laponite(LP) nanosheets and 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCl). The prepared BMIMCl/LP layered hybrids were systematically characterized. The interlayer distance of the BMIMCl/LP layered hybrids expanded with an increasing concentration of BMIMCl, indicating that cumulative BMIMCl was intercalated into the LP layers. The efficiency of BMIMCl toward CO_2 capture was significantly enhanced after it was immobilized within LP layers.展开更多
Two kinds of novel chelating adsorbents have been synthesized to separate boron from aqueous solutions. One is the boron-specific chelating resin,synthesized by the functionalization of macroporous poly (glycidyl meth...Two kinds of novel chelating adsorbents have been synthesized to separate boron from aqueous solutions. One is the boron-specific chelating resin,synthesized by the functionalization of macroporous poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate),with N-methylglucamine. The other is the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous SBA-15 with polyol functional groups,prepared by a two-step post-grafting method. The resin can adsorb boron in almost all pH range,and its maximum uptake capacity reaches 1.15 mmol/g. The present study of the polyol-functionalized SBA-15 shows that the post-grafting is successful and the resulting adsorbent has the uptake capacity of 0.63 mmol/g.展开更多
Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent's thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in...Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent's thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in chemisorption field. A new chemical composite adsorbent is fabricated by adding carbon coated metal(Aluminum and Nickel) nanoparticles with three different addition amounts into the mixture of chloride salts and natural expanded graphite aiming to improve the thermal conductivity. The preparation processes and its thermal conductivity of this novel composite adsorbent are reported and summarized. Experimental results indicate that the nanoparticles are homogenously dispersed in the composite adsorbent by applying the reported preparation processes. The thermal conductivity of the composite adsorbent can averagely enlarge by 20% when the weight ratio of the added nanoparticles is 10wt%. Moreover, carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles exhibit more effective enlargement in thermal conductivity than nickel nanoparticles. As for the composite adsorbent of Ca Cl2-NEG, there is a big reinforcement from 30% to 50% for Al@C nanoparticles,however only 10% in maximum caused by Ni@C nanoparticles. The proposed research provides a methodology to design and prepare thermal conductive chemical composite adsorbent.展开更多
A new type of carbon-inorganic absorbent with good oil-removing performance is prepared by sintering and activating petrochemical sludge. Of the absorbents prepared by three different methods (non-activated, vapor /8...A new type of carbon-inorganic absorbent with good oil-removing performance is prepared by sintering and activating petrochemical sludge. Of the absorbents prepared by three different methods (non-activated, vapor /840 ℃/6 h, CO2/1 000 ℃/2 h), the one prepared by the second method is the best in oil-removing, which can remove 60% of oil from petrochemical wastewater with a concentration of 76.42 mg/L. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the constituents of the adsorbents are basically similar to those of inorganic granulating materials, such as SiO2, Al2O3, orthoclase feldspar, iron ore, etc. Composition analysis reveals that the activated absorbent has a large specific surface area with a high carbon content in activated compositions and a good oil-removing capability.展开更多
The aim of study is to investigate the removal ability of some natural adsorbents for fluoride ion from aqueous solution. The batch dynamic adsorption method was carried out at neutral pH as the functions of contact t...The aim of study is to investigate the removal ability of some natural adsorbents for fluoride ion from aqueous solution. The batch dynamic adsorption method was carried out at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and effect of co-anions, which are commonly present in water. The sorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms of fluoride on natural adsorbing materials had been investigated at afore-mentioned optimized. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, viz., Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were investigated. Lagergren and Morris-Weber kinetic equations were employed to find the rate constants. The negative enthalpy ΔH = -46.54 KJ·mol-1 and Gibbs free energy calculated was ΔG288-333—(2.07785, 3.08966, 4.1064, 4.90716 and 5.38036 KJ·mol-1) respectively, envisage exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption.展开更多
Radiation induced graft polymerization on polymeric matrix followed by functionalization is widely accepted for the preparation of metal adsorbents. In this paper, a pre-irradiation method was used for emulsion graft ...Radiation induced graft polymerization on polymeric matrix followed by functionalization is widely accepted for the preparation of metal adsorbents. In this paper, a pre-irradiation method was used for emulsion graft polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether (4-HB) onto polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) nonwoven fabric. The degree of grafting (Dg) which can be calculated by weight increment was determined as a function of reaction time, irradiation dose, and monomer concentration. After 30 kGy irradiation, with 4-HB concentration of 5%, surfactant Span 20 of 0.5% at 40°C for 2 h, the trunk polymer was made grafted at a Dg of 135%. 4-HB-grafted PE/PP nonwoven fabric was modified by ethylenediamine (EDA) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a solvent at 60°C. With a Dg of 135%, the amine group density of the adsorbent is 2.8 mmol/g. The adsorption test was carried out by batch experiment in several metal ion solutions, and the removal ratio from the EDA modified adsorbent of the metal ions is in the order of Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Li+. Compared with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) which is a typical functional monomer for graft polymerization, 4-HB-grafted adsorbent exhibited not only better mechanical property but also higher adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Pb2+.展开更多
Studies were carried out on Palm Kernel Shell, an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Nigeria, to evaluate its ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The adsorbents, which were prepared from Palm ...Studies were carried out on Palm Kernel Shell, an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Nigeria, to evaluate its ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The adsorbents, which were prepared from Palm Kernel Shells (PKN), were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of adsorbent dosage and contact time on phosphorus adsorption. Equilibrium and Kinetic studies of the process were also carried out. Results obtained show that, FT-IR spectrum of the activated carbon displays a number of absorption peaks, reflecting the complex bio-mass structure and a variety of functional groups which explains its improved adsorption behaviour on the colloidal particles. SEM shows the spherical shape of the carbon particles with a wide range of sizes, EDX indicated the constituent elements in the adsorbent in which C and O were found to be the most abundant. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlick and Langmuir models but the data were best described by Langmuir Isotherm model at the temperature of 313 K. Pseudo second order best described the kinetics of the adsorption process. Removal efficiency (E%) of 97% was attained within 120 minutes at 50 g/l adsorbent concentration, pH6 and 0.2mm particle size of the adsorbent.展开更多
The treatment of the industrial wastewater, in which the concentration of triethylamine (TEN) and CODcr was around 3450 mg/L and 22400 mg/L respectively, was studied by adsorption of macroporous resins. Results demons...The treatment of the industrial wastewater, in which the concentration of triethylamine (TEN) and CODcr was around 3450 mg/L and 22400 mg/L respectively, was studied by adsorption of macroporous resins. Results demonstrate that the polymeric adsorbent CHA-111 has excellent effect on the adsorption and desorption of TEN. The concentration of TEN in the effluent is less than 30mg/L, and the removal efficiency of TEN and total CODcr exceed 99% and 95% respectively. The accumulation and resource reuse of TEN can be realized in this process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51472220 and No.51872265)Collaborative Innovation Major Special Project of Zhengzhou(No.20XTZX12025)。
文摘To meet the emission standard of nitrogen oxides(NOx)in the flue gas of batch furnaces through dry adsorption,a calcium-silica inorganic adsorbent was prepared with limestone and quartz as raw materials.Sample Cu-BTC 1#was obtained by solvothermal synthesis,drying and purification in vacuum at 120℃using trimesic acid(H3BTC)and copper nitrate trihydrate(Cu(NO_(3))2·3H_(2)O)as raw materials;likewise,sample Cu-BTC 3#was obtained at 200℃.Sample Cu-BTC 2#was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis,drying and purification in air(metal-organic frameworks,1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid copper).The two types of materials were tested in terms of the NO_(2) adsorption,and then the specific surface area,pore volume,NO_(2) adsorption performance,phase composition,microstructure and thermal stability of the adsorbent materials were exploredvia N_(2) physical adsorption-desorption,SEM,XRD and TG characterization.The results show that:(1)the Cu-BTC samples have higher adsorption capacity than the calcium-silica adsorbent,in which sample Cu-BTC 3#has the largest specific surface area and pore volume,thus adsorption capacity for NO_(2);(2)the calcium-silica adsorbent has better thermal stability and lower total mass loss during the entire process than the Cu-BTC samples;sample Cu-BTC 2#has the best thermal stability among the three Cu-BTC samples,and the metal Cu active sites of the Cu-BTC samples can be exposed at least above 150℃.
基金Supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China(2017YFB0603302)
文摘The increase in energy demand caused by industrialization leads to abundant CO_2 emissions into atmosphere and induces abrupt rise in earth temperature. It is vital to acquire relatively simple and cost-effective technologies to separate CO_2 from the flue gas and reduce its environmental impact. Solid adsorption is now considered an economic and least interfering way to capture CO_2, in that it can accomplish the goal of small energy penalty and few modifications to power plants. In this regard, we attempt to review the CO_2 adsorption performances of several types of solid adsorbents, including zeolites, clays, activated carbons, alkali metal oxides and carbonates, silica materials, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and polymerized high internal phase emulsions. These solid adsorbents have been assessed in their CO_2 adsorption capacities along with other important parameters including adsorption kinetics, effect of water, recycling stability and regenerability. In particular,the superior properties of adsorbents enhanced by impregnating or grafting amine groups have been discussed for developing applicable candidates for industrial CO_2 capture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878200 and 21676174)International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanxi province(201703D421038)+1 种基金Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2017-036)Joint Fund of Shanxi Provincial Coal Seam Gas(2015012019)。
文摘Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.
文摘BACKGROUND: Molecular adsorbents recirculating sys- tem (MARS) liver support therapy is the development of albumin dialysis. This study was to assess the successful ap- plication of MARS artificial liver support therapy as a bridge to re-transplantation in two cases of long anhepatic duration. METHODS: MARS therapy was given after failure plasma- exchange ( PE) treatment, which resulted in circulatory de- rangement and acute renal dysfunction in a 36-year-old male patient. Finally his uncontrolled anhepatic condition led to a successful re-transplantation. In another 48-year- old man who was diagnosed as having primary nonfunction (PNF) during the liver transplantation, 10-hour MARS treatment contributed to smooth bridging of his anhepatic phase. RESULTS: The two anhepatic patients were bridged for 26 and 17 hours respectively to re-transplantation with MARS therapy. CONCLUSION: Our experience proves that MARS artifi- cial liver can be an effective support for long time bridging PNF until re-transplantation is available.
文摘Removal of dye from the industrial wastewater is one of the most important subjects in water pollution regulation.Successive adsorption/desorption cycles of a basic dye, methylene blue, on the internal almond shell, sheep manure waste and sawdust were investigated using fixed bed column experiments in order to study the adsorption capacity to remove MB and adsorbent regeneration efficiency. The adsorption breakthrough curves were predicted by the Thomas model, Yoon Nelson model, and Wolborska model and modified dose–response model using non-linear regression analysis. The results showed that the modified dose–response model was more suitable for the description of breakthrough curves for three adsorbents only in the first cycle. Although sheep manure waste presents the highest adsorption capacity, it is hard to regenerate and needs more time regeneration. Conversely, the internal almond shell presents lower adsorption capacity, but they are more readily regenerated.
文摘A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-04)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City(19ZR1401300)。
文摘The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22078155,21808110,21878149,and 21676138)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681567)。
文摘Amines in porous materials have been employed as active species for the selective CO_(2) adsorption from natural gas because of their target-specific interactions.Nevertheless,it is difficult to modulate such strong interactions to reach a high efficiency in the adsorption processes.Herein,we fabricated lightresponsive adsorbents with tunable adsorbent–adsorbate interactions for CO_(2) capture.The adsorbents were synthesized by introducing primary and secondary amines into a mesoporous silica that had been grafted with azobenzene groups on the surfaces.The target-specific amine sites render the adsorbents significantly selective in the uptake of CO_(2) over CH_(4),and the azobenzene groups were used as lightresponsive switches to influence the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions.The adsorbents can freely adsorb CO_(2) when the azobenzene groups are in the trans state.Ultraviolet-light irradiation makes the azobenzene groups transform to the cis configuration,which greatly hinders amines in the uptake of CO_(2).The caused difference of adsorption capacity can reach 34.9%.The alternative irradiation by ultravioletand visible-light can lead to a recyclable regulation on adsorption performance.The changes of the electrostatic potentials of amines are responsible for the light-induced regulation on adsorption.
基金the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividadthe European Social Fund for her Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2019-027060-I/AEI/10.13039/5011 00011033)the China Scholarship Council (202006240076)-University of Manchester joint studentship
文摘With the continuous growth of the world population,the demand for fresh water is ever increasing.Water desalination is a means of producing fresh water from saline water,and one of the proposed solutions in the scientific community for solving the current global freshwater shortage.Adsorption is foreseen as a promising technology for desalination due to its relatively low energy requirements,low environmental impact,low cost and high salt removal efficiency.More importantly,chemicals are not required in adsorption processes.Active carbons,zeolites,carbon nanostructures,graphene and coordination framework materials are amongst the most investigated adsorbents for adsorption desalination,which show different performances regarding adsorption rate,adsorption capacity,stability and recyclability.In this review,the latest adsorbent materials with their features are assessed(using metrics)and commented critically,and the current trend for their development is discussed.The adsorption mode is also reviewed,which can provide guidance for the design of adsorbents from the engineering application point of view.
基金supported by Tianjin University-Qinghai Nationalities University Joint Innovation Fund(no.2016XZC-0034)
文摘In this study, we prepared and applied polymeric porous microsphere adsorbents with selectivity for Li^+ extraction from aqueous solution. We synthesized the adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methacryloyoxyme-12-crown-4(M12C4) as a functional monomer, which had been synthesized from 2-hyroxymethyl-12-crown-4 and methacryloyl chloride. We verified the chemical composition by solid nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) spectroscopy and observed the porous structure by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). We conducted adsorption isothermal and kinetic tests to determine the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorbents showed high adsorption efficiency and an adsorption equilibrium time of 200 min. In addition, since the crown ether used in this work could form a stable complex with Li^+, we observed good selectivity for Li^+ in the prepared solution compared with other ions such as Na^+, K^+, Mg^(2+), and Ca^(2+). We reused the adsorbents five times with no significant decrease in adsorptive capacity.
文摘Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegradable nature of these adsorbents makes it a better alternative to the non biodegradable synthetic polymers. Dry unripe plantain peels and groundnut husks were used to prepare the adsorbents. The adsorption and percentage removal of crude oil from effluent produce water was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time,temperature and particle size. The particle size of the adsorbents should not be less than 150 μm to avoid making the particles so loosed thus posing difficulty in recovery. The two adsorbents exhibit high affinity for oil adsorption with time especially at 75 μm, groundnut husk has a better performance because of its larger surface area and the presence of residual oil in the plantain peels. Agitation at 150 r.min-1 and contact time between 15 - 75 min are recommended. The optimum adsorption temperature ranged between 25°C - 45°C and 15°C - 45°C for groundnut husks and plantain peels respectively. The adsorption data indicated that a pseudo-second- order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents.
基金sponsored by the National Science Foundation(CMMI-1562907)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51678511 and 51308484)+4 种基金the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny in Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLMM20150104)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(13JJ4049)the Education Department Fund of Hunan Province(14C1094)the Major Talent Training Program of Xiangtan University(16PYZ09)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Xiangtan University(12QDZ18)
文摘Hybrid adsorbents for CO_2 capture were prepared by coassembling laponite(LP) nanosheets and 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCl). The prepared BMIMCl/LP layered hybrids were systematically characterized. The interlayer distance of the BMIMCl/LP layered hybrids expanded with an increasing concentration of BMIMCl, indicating that cumulative BMIMCl was intercalated into the LP layers. The efficiency of BMIMCl toward CO_2 capture was significantly enhanced after it was immobilized within LP layers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 20276075) The Hundred Talents of the Chinese Academy of Sciences The CAS-Bayer Start-up Fund
文摘Two kinds of novel chelating adsorbents have been synthesized to separate boron from aqueous solutions. One is the boron-specific chelating resin,synthesized by the functionalization of macroporous poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate),with N-methylglucamine. The other is the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous SBA-15 with polyol functional groups,prepared by a two-step post-grafting method. The resin can adsorb boron in almost all pH range,and its maximum uptake capacity reaches 1.15 mmol/g. The present study of the polyol-functionalized SBA-15 shows that the post-grafting is successful and the resulting adsorbent has the uptake capacity of 0.63 mmol/g.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51276044)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.2015A050502047,2015B010135011)+3 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City,China(Grant Nos.201508030018,2016201604030040)Youth Foundation of Guangdong University of Technology,China(Grant No.252151038)EPSRC Grants(Grant Nos.EP/I027904/1,EP/K004689/1,EP/M008088/1)IChemE Global Awards 2015:MCSA for FP&VA
文摘Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent's thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in chemisorption field. A new chemical composite adsorbent is fabricated by adding carbon coated metal(Aluminum and Nickel) nanoparticles with three different addition amounts into the mixture of chloride salts and natural expanded graphite aiming to improve the thermal conductivity. The preparation processes and its thermal conductivity of this novel composite adsorbent are reported and summarized. Experimental results indicate that the nanoparticles are homogenously dispersed in the composite adsorbent by applying the reported preparation processes. The thermal conductivity of the composite adsorbent can averagely enlarge by 20% when the weight ratio of the added nanoparticles is 10wt%. Moreover, carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles exhibit more effective enlargement in thermal conductivity than nickel nanoparticles. As for the composite adsorbent of Ca Cl2-NEG, there is a big reinforcement from 30% to 50% for Al@C nanoparticles,however only 10% in maximum caused by Ni@C nanoparticles. The proposed research provides a methodology to design and prepare thermal conductive chemical composite adsorbent.
文摘A new type of carbon-inorganic absorbent with good oil-removing performance is prepared by sintering and activating petrochemical sludge. Of the absorbents prepared by three different methods (non-activated, vapor /840 ℃/6 h, CO2/1 000 ℃/2 h), the one prepared by the second method is the best in oil-removing, which can remove 60% of oil from petrochemical wastewater with a concentration of 76.42 mg/L. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the constituents of the adsorbents are basically similar to those of inorganic granulating materials, such as SiO2, Al2O3, orthoclase feldspar, iron ore, etc. Composition analysis reveals that the activated absorbent has a large specific surface area with a high carbon content in activated compositions and a good oil-removing capability.
文摘The aim of study is to investigate the removal ability of some natural adsorbents for fluoride ion from aqueous solution. The batch dynamic adsorption method was carried out at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and effect of co-anions, which are commonly present in water. The sorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms of fluoride on natural adsorbing materials had been investigated at afore-mentioned optimized. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, viz., Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were investigated. Lagergren and Morris-Weber kinetic equations were employed to find the rate constants. The negative enthalpy ΔH = -46.54 KJ·mol-1 and Gibbs free energy calculated was ΔG288-333—(2.07785, 3.08966, 4.1064, 4.90716 and 5.38036 KJ·mol-1) respectively, envisage exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption.
文摘Radiation induced graft polymerization on polymeric matrix followed by functionalization is widely accepted for the preparation of metal adsorbents. In this paper, a pre-irradiation method was used for emulsion graft polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether (4-HB) onto polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) nonwoven fabric. The degree of grafting (Dg) which can be calculated by weight increment was determined as a function of reaction time, irradiation dose, and monomer concentration. After 30 kGy irradiation, with 4-HB concentration of 5%, surfactant Span 20 of 0.5% at 40°C for 2 h, the trunk polymer was made grafted at a Dg of 135%. 4-HB-grafted PE/PP nonwoven fabric was modified by ethylenediamine (EDA) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a solvent at 60°C. With a Dg of 135%, the amine group density of the adsorbent is 2.8 mmol/g. The adsorption test was carried out by batch experiment in several metal ion solutions, and the removal ratio from the EDA modified adsorbent of the metal ions is in the order of Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Li+. Compared with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) which is a typical functional monomer for graft polymerization, 4-HB-grafted adsorbent exhibited not only better mechanical property but also higher adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Pb2+.
文摘Studies were carried out on Palm Kernel Shell, an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Nigeria, to evaluate its ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The adsorbents, which were prepared from Palm Kernel Shells (PKN), were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of adsorbent dosage and contact time on phosphorus adsorption. Equilibrium and Kinetic studies of the process were also carried out. Results obtained show that, FT-IR spectrum of the activated carbon displays a number of absorption peaks, reflecting the complex bio-mass structure and a variety of functional groups which explains its improved adsorption behaviour on the colloidal particles. SEM shows the spherical shape of the carbon particles with a wide range of sizes, EDX indicated the constituent elements in the adsorbent in which C and O were found to be the most abundant. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlick and Langmuir models but the data were best described by Langmuir Isotherm model at the temperature of 313 K. Pseudo second order best described the kinetics of the adsorption process. Removal efficiency (E%) of 97% was attained within 120 minutes at 50 g/l adsorbent concentration, pH6 and 0.2mm particle size of the adsorbent.
文摘The treatment of the industrial wastewater, in which the concentration of triethylamine (TEN) and CODcr was around 3450 mg/L and 22400 mg/L respectively, was studied by adsorption of macroporous resins. Results demonstrate that the polymeric adsorbent CHA-111 has excellent effect on the adsorption and desorption of TEN. The concentration of TEN in the effluent is less than 30mg/L, and the removal efficiency of TEN and total CODcr exceed 99% and 95% respectively. The accumulation and resource reuse of TEN can be realized in this process.
