Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate(MSU)crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation.The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation...Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate(MSU)crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation.The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout.First,we developed a series of luminogens(i.e.,tetraphenyl ethylene(TPE)-NH_(2),TPE-2NH_(2),TPE-4NH_(2),TPE-COOH,TPE-2COOH,TPE-4COOH,and TPE-Ketoalkyne),each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals.Next,optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU,hydroxyapatite(HAP)crystals,and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP.We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis,HAP deposition disease,and comorbidities of interest.Subsequently,CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy,and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line.Finally,CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi.As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling,TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples,animal samples,and human samples,and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease.This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT) employs accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) in malignant tumor tissue followed by the light-induced generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill the tumor cells. The success of P...Photodynamic therapy(PDT) employs accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) in malignant tumor tissue followed by the light-induced generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill the tumor cells. The success of PDT depends on optimal PS dosage that is matched with the ideal power of light. This in turn depends on PS accumulation in target tissue and light administration time and period.As theranostic nanomedicine is driven by multifunctional therapeutics that aim to achieve targeted tissue delivery and image-guided therapy, fluorescent PS nanoparticle(NP)accumulation in target tissues can be ascertained through fluorescence imaging to optimize the light dose and administration parameters. In this regard, zebrafish larvae provide a unique transparent in vivo platform to monitor fluorescent PS bio-distribution and their therapeutic efficiency. Using fluorescent PS NPs with unique aggregation-induced emission characteristics, we demonstrate for the first time the real-time visualization of polymeric NP accumulation in tumor tissue and, more importantly, the best time to conduct PDT using transgenic zebrafish larvae with inducible liver hyperplasia as an example.展开更多
Polymer thermodynamics and kinetics are important components in the basic theory of polymer physics, which provide critical support for polymer processing and molding. As an important thermal analysis technology, diff...Polymer thermodynamics and kinetics are important components in the basic theory of polymer physics, which provide critical support for polymer processing and molding. As an important thermal analysis technology, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) is a key way to explore the molecular motion of polymer chains, molecular structure, and condensed structure, greatly promoting the development of polymer materials. However, this technique is limited by its ambiguous results, because of inaccurate heat flow measurement and high parameter dependence. As an alternative strategy, aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens) have been extensively applied in various targets analysis and process monitoring, owing to their weak intermolecular interactions and highly twisted conformation. The optical properties of AIEgens are highly sensitive to the variations of the polymer microenvironment, including characteristic transition, crosslinking reaction, crystallization behavior, and phase separation. In this review, the progress of AIE technology in visualizing polymer molecular motion and structure evolution is summarized, compensating for the limitation of the traditional DSC method to facilitate further research in polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Stimuli-responsive luminescent materials have attracted significant attention in the development of smart photoactive materials for both fundamental research and technological applications.In this work,a new copper io...Stimuli-responsive luminescent materials have attracted significant attention in the development of smart photoactive materials for both fundamental research and technological applications.In this work,a new copper iodide cluster(1)with aggregationinduced emission(AIE)characteristic,was obtained combining Cu_(4)I_(4) core with rhodamine B derivative ligand.1 has reversible and distinct multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence for external temperature,volatile organic compound,and mechanical force.Significantly,1 exhibited unusual large blue shift(84 nm)after being ground,which originated from the change of intermolecular interactions.Moreover,1 exhibits high oxygen quenching efficiency for 82.2% at 1 bar.Mechanistic studies showed that the multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence properties of 1 can be attributed to the regulation of cluster-centered luminescence process,metal-to-ligand charge transfer process,halide-to-metal charge transfer luminescence process and aggregationinduced barrier to oxygen process.This work not only reports an AIE copper iodide cluster,but also provides a new strategy to develop multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence materials.展开更多
Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ).AIE has the potential to b...Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ).AIE has the potential to be utilized in the large-scale production of AIE-active polymeric materials because of their wide range of practical applications such as stimuli-responsive sensors,biological imaging agents,and drug delivery systems.This is evident from the increasing number of publications over the years since AIE was first discovered.In addition,the evergrowing interest in this field has led many researchers around the world to develop new and creative methods in the design of monomers,initiators and crosslinkers,with the goal of broadening the scope and utility of AIE polymers.One of the most promising approaches to the design and synthesis of AIE polymers is the use of the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(RDRP)techniques,which enabled the production of well-controlled AIE materials that are often difficult to achieve by other methods.In this review,a summary of some recent works that utilize RDRP for AIE polymer design and synthesis is presented,including(i)the design of AIE-related monomers,initiators/crosslinkers;the achievements in preparation of AIE polymers using(ii)reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)technique;(iii)atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)technique;(iv)other techniques such as Cu(0)-RDRP technique and nitroxide-mediated polymerization(NMP)technique;(v)the possible applications of these AIE polymers,and finally(vi)a summary/perspective and the future direction of AIE polymers.展开更多
The presence of protein aggregates in numerous human diseases underscores the significance of detecting these aggregates to comprehend disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for combating these di...The presence of protein aggregates in numerous human diseases underscores the significance of detecting these aggregates to comprehend disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for combating these disorders.Despite the development of various biosensors and fluorescent probes that selectively target amyloid fibers or amorphous aggregates,there is still a lack of tools capable of simultaneously detecting both types of aggregates.Herein,we demonstrate the quantitative discernment of amorphous aggregates by QM-FN-SO3,an aggregationinduced emission(AIE)probe initially designed for detecting amyloid fibers.This probe easily penetrates the membranes of the widely-used prokaryotic model organism Escherichia coli,enabling the visualization of both amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibers through near-infrared fluorescence.Notably,the probe exhibits sensitivity in distinguishing the varying aggregation propensities of proteins,regardless of whether they form amorphous aggregates or amyloid fibers in vivo.These properties contribute to the successful application of the QM-FN-SO3 probe in the subsequent investigation of the antiaggregation activities of two outer membrane protein(OMP)chaperones,both in vitro and in their physiological environment.Overall,our work introduces a near-infrared fluorescent chemical probe that can quantitatively detect amyloid fibers and amorphous aggregates with high sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,it demonstrates the applicability of the probe in chaperone biology and its potential as a high-throughput screening tool for protein aggregation inhibitors and folding factors.展开更多
The combination of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging(FLI)and photoacoustic imaging(PAI)can effectively compensate for each other’s inherent limitations,which can provide reliable and rich information on tumor bi...The combination of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging(FLI)and photoacoustic imaging(PAI)can effectively compensate for each other’s inherent limitations,which can provide reliable and rich information on tumor biology.Therefore,the development of FL/PA dual-modality imaging probes is beneficial for achieving precision cancer diagnosis and treatment.Herein,we designed an efficient phototherapy agent methoxy bithiophene indene(OTIC),which was based on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)active fluorophores.To improve the water dispersion and enrichment of OTIC at the tumor site,OTIC nanoparticles(OTIC NPs)were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method.The balance between radiation and non-radiation energy dissipation was regulated by the strong donor-acceptor interaction and intramolecular motion.So OTIC NPs exhibited bright NIR fluorescence,photoacoustic signals,efficient generation of reactive oxygen species,and high photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation.Accurate imaging of the tumor and mice sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with OTIC NPs was visualized by NIR FL/PA dual-modal imaging.With the comprehensive imaging information provided by OTIC NPs in vivo,tumors were ablated under laser irradiation,which greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy.OTIC NPs would be possible to realize the precise guidance of FL/PA imaging for tumor treatment in the future clinical application.展开更多
The early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease(PD)provides opportunities for early intervention to slow the progression of neurological degeneration in patients,particularly as the aging population increases in our socie...The early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease(PD)provides opportunities for early intervention to slow the progression of neurological degeneration in patients,particularly as the aging population increases in our society.Among a series of pathological features of PD,mitochondria abnormalities have been identified as central event that occurs at the early stage of PD.However,the method for detecting mitochondrial abnormalities-associated early PD has not been fully developed.We herein report a specifically mitochondrial targeting probe(named TPA-BT-SCP)that is able to characterize mitochondria abnormalities for early diagnosis of PD and monitor PD neurodegenerative progress.The probe is an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)probe with a strong positive charge,a 3D distorted molecular structure,and a separated HOMO-LUMO distribution,designed with unique molecular design guidelines.Our research demonstrated that TPA-BT-SCP could emit stable and strong fluorescence,and rapidly accumulate in mitochondria due to the negative charge.After intranasal administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mice,TPA-BT-SCP successfully bypassed the blood−brain barrier to light up the brain,allowing the grading of PD severity based on its high sensitivity.Taken together,this work develops a novel AIE probe that exhibits dramatically high sensitivity to mitochondrial changes and enables noninvasive diagnosis of early PD in the brain.展开更多
The development of green and simple chemiluminescence(CL)systems with intensive and long-lasting emission is highly desirable in lighting and extension of their applications.In this study,it is found that the involvem...The development of green and simple chemiluminescence(CL)systems with intensive and long-lasting emission is highly desirable in lighting and extension of their applications.In this study,it is found that the involvement of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)surfactant could greatly enhance the CL of luminol–H2O2–Co2+system.The inserted hydrophobic tetraphenylethylene fluorophore in AIE is able to increase the hydrophobicity of alkyl chain and decrease the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of surfactant.The synergistic effect of micelle-improved enrichment and CL resonance energy transfer endows luminol–H2O2–Co2+system intensive and long-lasting emission under neutral pH conditions(pH 7.4).The visible emission is still observed even after 60 min.Our study has opened a new avenue for exploring green and simple effective CL systems through AIE surfactant with unltralow CMC toward various applications in lighting,optical sensing,and photocatalysis,etc.展开更多
Chirality is one of the most important features of the nature.The recognition of enantiomers plays significant roles in the field of life science,pharmaceutical analysis and food chemistry.Among various recognition me...Chirality is one of the most important features of the nature.The recognition of enantiomers plays significant roles in the field of life science,pharmaceutical analysis and food chemistry.Among various recognition methods,fluorescence spectrometry has attracted much attention of researchers thanks to its high sensitivity and easy operation.Compared with traditional fluorescent probes,chiral molecules with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)have drawn increasing interests due to their huge potential in high-efficiency chemo/biosensors and solid emitters.Chiral AIE luminogens(AIEgens)can not only discriminate two enantiomers with excellent enantioselectivity,but also show general applicability for many chiral analytes,such as chiral acids,amino acids,amines,alcohols.In this review,we mainly summarized the recent development of chiral probes with AIE properties,including chiral tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives,α-cyanostilbene derivatives,Schiff base derivatives and other AIEgens.Their synthetic routes,recognition capabilities and possible working mechanisms were well discussed.It is envisioned that the present review can give some significant guidance for design and synthesis of chiral AIEgens with good enantioselectivity and inspire more readers to join the research of chiral AIE.展开更多
Infectious diseases are caused by various pathogenic microorganisms that break through the human immune barrier,then reproduce and mutate in human cells,thus causing invasive disease.Despite many recent scientific and...Infectious diseases are caused by various pathogenic microorganisms that break through the human immune barrier,then reproduce and mutate in human cells,thus causing invasive disease.Despite many recent scientific and technological advances in fields,such as genetics,chemistry,and protein engineering,and in the efficiency of drug research and development,the discovery and development of novel and potent anti-infectious disease agents have still lagged behind.It is often challenging to keep up with the emergence and mutation of new pathogenic microorganisms,which leads to the emergence of more resistant pathogenic microorganisms.The emergence of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)fluorogens with high luminescence yields and high reactive oxygen species(ROS)production rates provides scientists with a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic microorganisms.Due to their advantages in terms of brightness,biocompatibility,photostability,and positive correlation,AIE fluorogens(AIEgens)have great potential in biological applications.This review presents a systemic overview of recent progress in AIEgen-based platforms for the photodynamic therapy(PDT)of infectious diseases,which has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional antibiotics for combating the drug resistance of infectious diseases.This review is mainly divided into two parts according to the type of pathogenic microorganisms:a section on bacterial and fungal infections(e.g.,eye,skin,oral cavity,and blood infections),and a section on viral infections.The future prospects and potential clinical applications of AIEgens are also discussed in detail.In addition to motivating further interest in this field,this review is intended to promote ideas for the further exploration of AIEgens and the development of more advanced AIEgens in a broader range of biomedical and clinical applications.展开更多
Nucleophilic substitution reaction and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds play significant roles in organic chemistry, and non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) has become an emerging research area. Here, we demonstrate...Nucleophilic substitution reaction and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds play significant roles in organic chemistry, and non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) has become an emerging research area. Here, we demonstrate the successful nucleophilic substitution polymerization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, including acetylacetone, 3,5-heptanedione, methyl acetoacetate, cyclopentane-1,3-dione, 1,3-indandione, 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and dibenzoylmethane, where reactive hydrogens at α position of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are involved. Through this base catalyzed nucleophilic substitution polycondensation between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and α,α’-dibromo xylene, a series of nonconjugated poly(1,3-dicarbonyl)s have been successfully prepared with high yield (up to >99%) under mild conditions. Investigations reveal that this nucleophilic substitution polycondensation exhibits self-accelerating effect and flexible stoichiometry characteristics, which exhibits advantages over traditional polycondensation methods. This polymerization also exhibits intriguing polymerization-induced emission (PIE) characteristics, where nonconjugated poly(1,3-dicarbonyl)s exhibit intriguing chemical structure dependent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) type NTIL. This work therefore expands the monomer, method, chemical structure and property libraries of polymer chemistry, which may cause inspirations to polymerization methodology, PIE, AIE and NTIL.展开更多
Luminescent spin crossover(SCO) materials have attracted significant interest owing to their potential applications in magneto-optical switches. However, the majority of previously reported FeII-based SCO complexes ar...Luminescent spin crossover(SCO) materials have attracted significant interest owing to their potential applications in magneto-optical switches. However, the majority of previously reported FeII-based SCO complexes are adversely affected by fluorescence quenching in the solid-state. Here, we have constructed the first mononuclear FeIIcomplex decorated with an aggregation-induced emission(AIE) luminophore(i.e., tetraphenylethylene) that exhibits synergistic SCO and fluorescence behavior. Intriguingly, we obtained two types of crystals in different solvent systems, both displaying distinct magnetic bistability and fluorescence properties. The fluorescence intensity was observed to track the magnetic susceptibility, which confirmed that SCO and solid-state fluorescence operate synergistically. We introduce a novel approach for the construction of luminescent SCO compounds using an AIEgen as a luminophore, which leads to fluorescence emission in the solid-state, thus allowing us to study the synergy between SCO and fluorescence.展开更多
Herein,three novel tetraphenylethylene hydrazone chemosensors TC12,SC16,and TC16 are prepared for the selective detection of F−.Two NH and one C=N units are incorporated into the sensors for better colorimetric respon...Herein,three novel tetraphenylethylene hydrazone chemosensors TC12,SC16,and TC16 are prepared for the selective detection of F−.Two NH and one C=N units are incorporated into the sensors for better colorimetric responses,whereas the tetraphenyl unit is in charge of the aggregation-induced emission effect.Among them,compounds SC16 and TC16 form stable gels with some organic solvents.All the tetrahydrofuran/H2O solutions of the three compounds exhibit aggregation-induced emission effect,whereby the fluorescence emission increases by varying degrees with the volume of poor solvent water.Moreover,good aggregation-induced emission effects are observed in the self-assembly of SC16 and TC16.As a sample chemosensor,TC12 in tetrahydrofuran responds to F−selectively with high sensitivity,with the colorimetric and fluorometric detection limits of 8.25×10^(−7) mol·L^(-1) and 2.69×10^(−7) mol·L^(-1),respectively.The reversible gel-sol-gel phase transition and color changes indicate that both SC16-dimethyl sulfoxide and TC16-ethyl acetate gels specifically respond to F-with good sensitivity.The detection results are well supported by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,fluorescent spectroscopy,and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.More importantly,the driving forces of gelation are visually clarified through the single crystal X-ray analysis of compound TOMe.展开更多
The brightness of fluorescent agents directly determines the imaging performance as required.Among various fluorophores,small organic species are promising given its exact purity/composition and excellent processibili...The brightness of fluorescent agents directly determines the imaging performance as required.Among various fluorophores,small organic species are promising given its exact purity/composition and excellent processibility.However,chromophores with planar geometry may suffer from the undesirable aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)phenomenon.Encouragingly,luminogens showing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)features are preferable as the aggregates which are the most common used state.In this review,we mainly focus on the strategies employed for boosting the brightness of AIE-active luminogens(AIEgens).From molecule to mor-phology levels,approaches that regulate electronic transition processes of the molecule or the packing extent of aggregates in order to confine molecular motion,reduceπ-πstacking,disrupt fluorophore-water interactions,etc.,are presented.In the end,the current challenges and perspectives are briefly discussed.We anticipate that this review will stimulate new insights and more efforts for the advancement of ultrabright AIEgens.展开更多
Detection of mercury ions(Hg^(2+))in actual samples is of significant importance due to the toxicity of Hg^(2+)to human health.In this work,a simple tetraphenylethene(TPE)derived fluorescent probe TPE-Hg based on aggr...Detection of mercury ions(Hg^(2+))in actual samples is of significant importance due to the toxicity of Hg^(2+)to human health.In this work,a simple tetraphenylethene(TPE)derived fluorescent probe TPE-Hg based on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)mechanism was synthesized.TPE-Hg can visually recognize Hg^(2+)in THF/HEPES(1:9,v/v,HEPES 20 mmol/L,pH 7.3)system with rapid response,strong anti-interference ability,large Stokes shift(203 nm),and low detection limit(7.548×10^(-7)mol/L).The results show that Hg^(2+)triggered elimination of TPE-Hg lead to releasing of an AIE-active compound 2 is responsible to the sensing mechanism.TPE-Hg is applicable to detect Hg^(2+)in actual water samples and image Hg^(2+)in living MCF-7 cells.In addition,TPE-Hg is suitable to assay the Hg^(2+)level in seafood and tea samples,and it is alsoapplicable intest strips.展开更多
Fluorescent analysis of bone provides valuable insights into bone structures.However,conventional dyes suffer from low specificity on bone tissue,small stokes shift,short fluorescent lifetime,and aggregation-caused qu...Fluorescent analysis of bone provides valuable insights into bone structures.However,conventional dyes suffer from low specificity on bone tissue,small stokes shift,short fluorescent lifetime,and aggregation-caused quenching effect,which result in low efficacy and artifacts.In this work,we design an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)-active iridium(III)complex(Ir-BP2)as a highly selective,convenient,nondestructiveness,and dual-mode staining agent for bone analysis.Ir-BP2 containing phosphonate groups selectively binds to hydroxyapatites,the main component of bone matrix,and exhibits turn-on AIE phosphorescence with prolonged lifetime.Ir-BP2 exhibits promising biosafety and offers higher accuracy in staining calcium deposits than conventional Alizarin Red S staining assay when it is employed in real-time monitoring of osteogenesis differentiation process.A ready-to-use staining spray of Ir-BP2 is fabricated.By using fluorescent imaging and lifetime imaging,Ir-BP2 staining provides valuable insights into bone microstructure analysis,microdamage diagnosis,and bone growth state identification.Further,Ir-BP2 is successfully applied on a human spine vertebra for diagnosing bone invasiveness of eosinophilic granuloma,validating its clinical practice.This work presents a powerful tool in bone analysis and will lead to new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of bone-related diseases.展开更多
Developing novel emissive supramolecular assemblies with elegant architectures and tunable perfor-mance remains highly desirable yet challenging.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of several 9.10-bis(diphenylme...Developing novel emissive supramolecular assemblies with elegant architectures and tunable perfor-mance remains highly desirable yet challenging.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of several 9.10-bis(diphenylmethylene)-9.10-dihydroanthracene-based metal organic assembles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.Such assemblies feature intriguing thermochromic and mechanochromic properties,ie.,distinguishable fuorescence responses in terms of emission wavelength and intensity un-der variable temperatures and pressures.Moreover,these assemblies can serve as excellent fluorescent sensors for the detection of polysaccharide molecules.Due to the differentiated charge type and den-sity,the assembles display distinct sensing mechanisms toward different polysaccharide molecules.This study provides novel perspectives for the synthesis of buttrfly-like platinum(I)supramolecular coordi-nation complexes with multistimuli-responsiveness for polysaccharide sensing.which will facllitate the development of stimuli-responsive materials.展开更多
The utilization of spin crossover(SCO)to modulate the luminescence properties in smart multifunctional materials and multichannel sensors is promising.However,it is challenging to build a strong coupling between SCO a...The utilization of spin crossover(SCO)to modulate the luminescence properties in smart multifunctional materials and multichannel sensors is promising.However,it is challenging to build a strong coupling between SCO and luminescence in one system.Herein,we present a mononuclear compound[Fe(tpe-abpt)_(2)(SeCN)_(2)]·4DMF(1·4DMF,tpe-abpt:(4-(1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethene))-N-(3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4yl)methanimine)showing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and thermally induced SCO properties.Variable-temperature single-crystal structural analysis reveals that SCO changes the number of pathways and strength of intermolecular interactions,resulting in deactivation of nonradiative decay and significant enhancement of luminescence.The photoluminescence(PL)intensity of 1·4DMF exhibited a fivefold increase upon the spin transition from the low-spin to the high-spin states.In contrast with the current strategy of controlling the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process by utilizing SCO to tune the overlap degree between the emission band of the luminophore and UV–vis absorption band of high-spin and low-spin states,we developed a new approach to tune the intermolecular interactions between AIE luminogens(AIEgens)by utilizing a subtle SCO-induced structural transformation,therefore leading to effective coupling between SCO and luminescence and a significant change in luminescence upon SCO.Our results provide a rational strategy to build smartmultifunctionalizedmaterials with remarkably synergetic SCO and luminescence.展开更多
基金Thisworkwas supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.22dz1204700)the NationalKeyR&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0803800 and 2017YFE0132200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072510,21907034,21788102,21525417,and 51620105009)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2019B030301003 and 2016A030312002)the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong(No.ITC-CNERC14S01).
文摘Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate(MSU)crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation.The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout.First,we developed a series of luminogens(i.e.,tetraphenyl ethylene(TPE)-NH_(2),TPE-2NH_(2),TPE-4NH_(2),TPE-COOH,TPE-2COOH,TPE-4COOH,and TPE-Ketoalkyne),each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals.Next,optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU,hydroxyapatite(HAP)crystals,and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP.We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis,HAP deposition disease,and comorbidities of interest.Subsequently,CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy,and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line.Finally,CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi.As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling,TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples,animal samples,and human samples,and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease.This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases.
基金financial support from National Research Foundation Investigatorship (R279-000-444-281)National University of Singapore (R279-000-482-133)
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT) employs accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) in malignant tumor tissue followed by the light-induced generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill the tumor cells. The success of PDT depends on optimal PS dosage that is matched with the ideal power of light. This in turn depends on PS accumulation in target tissue and light administration time and period.As theranostic nanomedicine is driven by multifunctional therapeutics that aim to achieve targeted tissue delivery and image-guided therapy, fluorescent PS nanoparticle(NP)accumulation in target tissues can be ascertained through fluorescence imaging to optimize the light dose and administration parameters. In this regard, zebrafish larvae provide a unique transparent in vivo platform to monitor fluorescent PS bio-distribution and their therapeutic efficiency. Using fluorescent PS NPs with unique aggregation-induced emission characteristics, we demonstrate for the first time the real-time visualization of polymeric NP accumulation in tumor tissue and, more importantly, the best time to conduct PDT using transgenic zebrafish larvae with inducible liver hyperplasia as an example.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973030 and 52103075)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.20JC1414900)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.20QA1400100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"DHU" Distinguished Young Professor Program(Grant No. LZB2021001)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University。
文摘Polymer thermodynamics and kinetics are important components in the basic theory of polymer physics, which provide critical support for polymer processing and molding. As an important thermal analysis technology, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) is a key way to explore the molecular motion of polymer chains, molecular structure, and condensed structure, greatly promoting the development of polymer materials. However, this technique is limited by its ambiguous results, because of inaccurate heat flow measurement and high parameter dependence. As an alternative strategy, aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens) have been extensively applied in various targets analysis and process monitoring, owing to their weak intermolecular interactions and highly twisted conformation. The optical properties of AIEgens are highly sensitive to the variations of the polymer microenvironment, including characteristic transition, crosslinking reaction, crystallization behavior, and phase separation. In this review, the progress of AIE technology in visualizing polymer molecular motion and structure evolution is summarized, compensating for the limitation of the traditional DSC method to facilitate further research in polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92061201,21825106,22371264,22301283)the Excellent Young Scientist Fundation of Henan Province(202300410374)+1 种基金the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(22HASTIT002)Zhongyuan Thousand Talents(Zhongyuan Scholars)Program of Henan Province(234000510007)。
文摘Stimuli-responsive luminescent materials have attracted significant attention in the development of smart photoactive materials for both fundamental research and technological applications.In this work,a new copper iodide cluster(1)with aggregationinduced emission(AIE)characteristic,was obtained combining Cu_(4)I_(4) core with rhodamine B derivative ligand.1 has reversible and distinct multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence for external temperature,volatile organic compound,and mechanical force.Significantly,1 exhibited unusual large blue shift(84 nm)after being ground,which originated from the change of intermolecular interactions.Moreover,1 exhibits high oxygen quenching efficiency for 82.2% at 1 bar.Mechanistic studies showed that the multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence properties of 1 can be attributed to the regulation of cluster-centered luminescence process,metal-to-ligand charge transfer process,halide-to-metal charge transfer luminescence process and aggregationinduced barrier to oxygen process.This work not only reports an AIE copper iodide cluster,but also provides a new strategy to develop multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence materials.
基金Australian Research Council,Grant/Award Number:CE200100009。
文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ).AIE has the potential to be utilized in the large-scale production of AIE-active polymeric materials because of their wide range of practical applications such as stimuli-responsive sensors,biological imaging agents,and drug delivery systems.This is evident from the increasing number of publications over the years since AIE was first discovered.In addition,the evergrowing interest in this field has led many researchers around the world to develop new and creative methods in the design of monomers,initiators and crosslinkers,with the goal of broadening the scope and utility of AIE polymers.One of the most promising approaches to the design and synthesis of AIE polymers is the use of the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(RDRP)techniques,which enabled the production of well-controlled AIE materials that are often difficult to achieve by other methods.In this review,a summary of some recent works that utilize RDRP for AIE polymer design and synthesis is presented,including(i)the design of AIE-related monomers,initiators/crosslinkers;the achievements in preparation of AIE polymers using(ii)reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)technique;(iii)atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)technique;(iv)other techniques such as Cu(0)-RDRP technique and nitroxide-mediated polymerization(NMP)technique;(v)the possible applications of these AIE polymers,and finally(vi)a summary/perspective and the future direction of AIE polymers.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,Grant/Award Number:23ZR1415300National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32222049,31661143021,32171269,32201043+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFF1102900Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:2021Sci&Tech0328。
文摘The presence of protein aggregates in numerous human diseases underscores the significance of detecting these aggregates to comprehend disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for combating these disorders.Despite the development of various biosensors and fluorescent probes that selectively target amyloid fibers or amorphous aggregates,there is still a lack of tools capable of simultaneously detecting both types of aggregates.Herein,we demonstrate the quantitative discernment of amorphous aggregates by QM-FN-SO3,an aggregationinduced emission(AIE)probe initially designed for detecting amyloid fibers.This probe easily penetrates the membranes of the widely-used prokaryotic model organism Escherichia coli,enabling the visualization of both amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibers through near-infrared fluorescence.Notably,the probe exhibits sensitivity in distinguishing the varying aggregation propensities of proteins,regardless of whether they form amorphous aggregates or amyloid fibers in vivo.These properties contribute to the successful application of the QM-FN-SO3 probe in the subsequent investigation of the antiaggregation activities of two outer membrane protein(OMP)chaperones,both in vitro and in their physiological environment.Overall,our work introduces a near-infrared fluorescent chemical probe that can quantitatively detect amyloid fibers and amorphous aggregates with high sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,it demonstrates the applicability of the probe in chaperone biology and its potential as a high-throughput screening tool for protein aggregation inhibitors and folding factors.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.7232342)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2101500)+1 种基金the Project of Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellowship(No.NAFR131015)the Project of the China Scholarship Council.
文摘The combination of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging(FLI)and photoacoustic imaging(PAI)can effectively compensate for each other’s inherent limitations,which can provide reliable and rich information on tumor biology.Therefore,the development of FL/PA dual-modality imaging probes is beneficial for achieving precision cancer diagnosis and treatment.Herein,we designed an efficient phototherapy agent methoxy bithiophene indene(OTIC),which was based on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)active fluorophores.To improve the water dispersion and enrichment of OTIC at the tumor site,OTIC nanoparticles(OTIC NPs)were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method.The balance between radiation and non-radiation energy dissipation was regulated by the strong donor-acceptor interaction and intramolecular motion.So OTIC NPs exhibited bright NIR fluorescence,photoacoustic signals,efficient generation of reactive oxygen species,and high photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation.Accurate imaging of the tumor and mice sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with OTIC NPs was visualized by NIR FL/PA dual-modal imaging.With the comprehensive imaging information provided by OTIC NPs in vivo,tumors were ablated under laser irradiation,which greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy.OTIC NPs would be possible to realize the precise guidance of FL/PA imaging for tumor treatment in the future clinical application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82241058,31922045,31771031Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Province of China,Grant/Award Number:21JCZDJC00290+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology in Nankai University,Grant/Award Number:2020017State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringOpen Funding Project of State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,Grant/Award Number:2021KF-01。
文摘The early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease(PD)provides opportunities for early intervention to slow the progression of neurological degeneration in patients,particularly as the aging population increases in our society.Among a series of pathological features of PD,mitochondria abnormalities have been identified as central event that occurs at the early stage of PD.However,the method for detecting mitochondrial abnormalities-associated early PD has not been fully developed.We herein report a specifically mitochondrial targeting probe(named TPA-BT-SCP)that is able to characterize mitochondria abnormalities for early diagnosis of PD and monitor PD neurodegenerative progress.The probe is an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)probe with a strong positive charge,a 3D distorted molecular structure,and a separated HOMO-LUMO distribution,designed with unique molecular design guidelines.Our research demonstrated that TPA-BT-SCP could emit stable and strong fluorescence,and rapidly accumulate in mitochondria due to the negative charge.After intranasal administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mice,TPA-BT-SCP successfully bypassed the blood−brain barrier to light up the brain,allowing the grading of PD severity based on its high sensitivity.Taken together,this work develops a novel AIE probe that exhibits dramatically high sensitivity to mitochondrial changes and enables noninvasive diagnosis of early PD in the brain.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:U22A20397,21974008,22074005Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,Grant/Award Number:2202038。
文摘The development of green and simple chemiluminescence(CL)systems with intensive and long-lasting emission is highly desirable in lighting and extension of their applications.In this study,it is found that the involvement of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)surfactant could greatly enhance the CL of luminol–H2O2–Co2+system.The inserted hydrophobic tetraphenylethylene fluorophore in AIE is able to increase the hydrophobicity of alkyl chain and decrease the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of surfactant.The synergistic effect of micelle-improved enrichment and CL resonance energy transfer endows luminol–H2O2–Co2+system intensive and long-lasting emission under neutral pH conditions(pH 7.4).The visible emission is still observed even after 60 min.Our study has opened a new avenue for exploring green and simple effective CL systems through AIE surfactant with unltralow CMC toward various applications in lighting,optical sensing,and photocatalysis,etc.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173152,21805002)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515110476)+2 种基金the Fund of the Rising Stars of Shaanxi Province(No.2021KJXX-48)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2022TD-36)Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.22JK0247)。
文摘Chirality is one of the most important features of the nature.The recognition of enantiomers plays significant roles in the field of life science,pharmaceutical analysis and food chemistry.Among various recognition methods,fluorescence spectrometry has attracted much attention of researchers thanks to its high sensitivity and easy operation.Compared with traditional fluorescent probes,chiral molecules with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)have drawn increasing interests due to their huge potential in high-efficiency chemo/biosensors and solid emitters.Chiral AIE luminogens(AIEgens)can not only discriminate two enantiomers with excellent enantioselectivity,but also show general applicability for many chiral analytes,such as chiral acids,amino acids,amines,alcohols.In this review,we mainly summarized the recent development of chiral probes with AIE properties,including chiral tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives,α-cyanostilbene derivatives,Schiff base derivatives and other AIEgens.Their synthetic routes,recognition capabilities and possible working mechanisms were well discussed.It is envisioned that the present review can give some significant guidance for design and synthesis of chiral AIEgens with good enantioselectivity and inspire more readers to join the research of chiral AIE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925002,32125001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA0912500,2022YFA0912200)+1 种基金the Innovation Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincethe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042020kf0026)。
文摘Infectious diseases are caused by various pathogenic microorganisms that break through the human immune barrier,then reproduce and mutate in human cells,thus causing invasive disease.Despite many recent scientific and technological advances in fields,such as genetics,chemistry,and protein engineering,and in the efficiency of drug research and development,the discovery and development of novel and potent anti-infectious disease agents have still lagged behind.It is often challenging to keep up with the emergence and mutation of new pathogenic microorganisms,which leads to the emergence of more resistant pathogenic microorganisms.The emergence of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)fluorogens with high luminescence yields and high reactive oxygen species(ROS)production rates provides scientists with a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic microorganisms.Due to their advantages in terms of brightness,biocompatibility,photostability,and positive correlation,AIE fluorogens(AIEgens)have great potential in biological applications.This review presents a systemic overview of recent progress in AIEgen-based platforms for the photodynamic therapy(PDT)of infectious diseases,which has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional antibiotics for combating the drug resistance of infectious diseases.This review is mainly divided into two parts according to the type of pathogenic microorganisms:a section on bacterial and fungal infections(e.g.,eye,skin,oral cavity,and blood infections),and a section on viral infections.The future prospects and potential clinical applications of AIEgens are also discussed in detail.In addition to motivating further interest in this field,this review is intended to promote ideas for the further exploration of AIEgens and the development of more advanced AIEgens in a broader range of biomedical and clinical applications.
基金funding support from NSFC(Nos.22271286,21971236).
文摘Nucleophilic substitution reaction and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds play significant roles in organic chemistry, and non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) has become an emerging research area. Here, we demonstrate the successful nucleophilic substitution polymerization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, including acetylacetone, 3,5-heptanedione, methyl acetoacetate, cyclopentane-1,3-dione, 1,3-indandione, 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and dibenzoylmethane, where reactive hydrogens at α position of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are involved. Through this base catalyzed nucleophilic substitution polycondensation between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and α,α’-dibromo xylene, a series of nonconjugated poly(1,3-dicarbonyl)s have been successfully prepared with high yield (up to >99%) under mild conditions. Investigations reveal that this nucleophilic substitution polycondensation exhibits self-accelerating effect and flexible stoichiometry characteristics, which exhibits advantages over traditional polycondensation methods. This polymerization also exhibits intriguing polymerization-induced emission (PIE) characteristics, where nonconjugated poly(1,3-dicarbonyl)s exhibit intriguing chemical structure dependent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) type NTIL. This work therefore expands the monomer, method, chemical structure and property libraries of polymer chemistry, which may cause inspirations to polymerization methodology, PIE, AIE and NTIL.
基金Nankai University for the startup funds in support of young talented researcherssupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC, Nos. 21971124, 22035003)。
文摘Luminescent spin crossover(SCO) materials have attracted significant interest owing to their potential applications in magneto-optical switches. However, the majority of previously reported FeII-based SCO complexes are adversely affected by fluorescence quenching in the solid-state. Here, we have constructed the first mononuclear FeIIcomplex decorated with an aggregation-induced emission(AIE) luminophore(i.e., tetraphenylethylene) that exhibits synergistic SCO and fluorescence behavior. Intriguingly, we obtained two types of crystals in different solvent systems, both displaying distinct magnetic bistability and fluorescence properties. The fluorescence intensity was observed to track the magnetic susceptibility, which confirmed that SCO and solid-state fluorescence operate synergistically. We introduce a novel approach for the construction of luminescent SCO compounds using an AIEgen as a luminophore, which leads to fluorescence emission in the solid-state, thus allowing us to study the synergy between SCO and fluorescence.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0903700)。
文摘Herein,three novel tetraphenylethylene hydrazone chemosensors TC12,SC16,and TC16 are prepared for the selective detection of F−.Two NH and one C=N units are incorporated into the sensors for better colorimetric responses,whereas the tetraphenyl unit is in charge of the aggregation-induced emission effect.Among them,compounds SC16 and TC16 form stable gels with some organic solvents.All the tetrahydrofuran/H2O solutions of the three compounds exhibit aggregation-induced emission effect,whereby the fluorescence emission increases by varying degrees with the volume of poor solvent water.Moreover,good aggregation-induced emission effects are observed in the self-assembly of SC16 and TC16.As a sample chemosensor,TC12 in tetrahydrofuran responds to F−selectively with high sensitivity,with the colorimetric and fluorometric detection limits of 8.25×10^(−7) mol·L^(-1) and 2.69×10^(−7) mol·L^(-1),respectively.The reversible gel-sol-gel phase transition and color changes indicate that both SC16-dimethyl sulfoxide and TC16-ethyl acetate gels specifically respond to F-with good sensitivity.The detection results are well supported by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,fluorescent spectroscopy,and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.More importantly,the driving forces of gelation are visually clarified through the single crystal X-ray analysis of compound TOMe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52122317,22175120)the Developmental Fund for Science and Technology of Shenzhen government(JCYJ20220531101201003,RCYX20200714114525101,JCYJ20190808153415062,JCYJ20190808142403590)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province(2020B1515020011).
文摘The brightness of fluorescent agents directly determines the imaging performance as required.Among various fluorophores,small organic species are promising given its exact purity/composition and excellent processibility.However,chromophores with planar geometry may suffer from the undesirable aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)phenomenon.Encouragingly,luminogens showing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)features are preferable as the aggregates which are the most common used state.In this review,we mainly focus on the strategies employed for boosting the brightness of AIE-active luminogens(AIEgens).From molecule to mor-phology levels,approaches that regulate electronic transition processes of the molecule or the packing extent of aggregates in order to confine molecular motion,reduceπ-πstacking,disrupt fluorophore-water interactions,etc.,are presented.In the end,the current challenges and perspectives are briefly discussed.We anticipate that this review will stimulate new insights and more efforts for the advancement of ultrabright AIEgens.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278038,21878023),the Program for Distinguished Professor of Liaoning Province.
文摘Detection of mercury ions(Hg^(2+))in actual samples is of significant importance due to the toxicity of Hg^(2+)to human health.In this work,a simple tetraphenylethene(TPE)derived fluorescent probe TPE-Hg based on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)mechanism was synthesized.TPE-Hg can visually recognize Hg^(2+)in THF/HEPES(1:9,v/v,HEPES 20 mmol/L,pH 7.3)system with rapid response,strong anti-interference ability,large Stokes shift(203 nm),and low detection limit(7.548×10^(-7)mol/L).The results show that Hg^(2+)triggered elimination of TPE-Hg lead to releasing of an AIE-active compound 2 is responsible to the sensing mechanism.TPE-Hg is applicable to detect Hg^(2+)in actual water samples and image Hg^(2+)in living MCF-7 cells.In addition,TPE-Hg is suitable to assay the Hg^(2+)level in seafood and tea samples,and it is alsoapplicable intest strips.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22107087Yong Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Grant/Award Number:YX6J024+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,Grant/Award Number:202002030089Key Projects of Social Welfare and Basic Research of Zhongshan City,Grant/Award Number:2021B2007。
文摘Fluorescent analysis of bone provides valuable insights into bone structures.However,conventional dyes suffer from low specificity on bone tissue,small stokes shift,short fluorescent lifetime,and aggregation-caused quenching effect,which result in low efficacy and artifacts.In this work,we design an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)-active iridium(III)complex(Ir-BP2)as a highly selective,convenient,nondestructiveness,and dual-mode staining agent for bone analysis.Ir-BP2 containing phosphonate groups selectively binds to hydroxyapatites,the main component of bone matrix,and exhibits turn-on AIE phosphorescence with prolonged lifetime.Ir-BP2 exhibits promising biosafety and offers higher accuracy in staining calcium deposits than conventional Alizarin Red S staining assay when it is employed in real-time monitoring of osteogenesis differentiation process.A ready-to-use staining spray of Ir-BP2 is fabricated.By using fluorescent imaging and lifetime imaging,Ir-BP2 staining provides valuable insights into bone microstructure analysis,microdamage diagnosis,and bone growth state identification.Further,Ir-BP2 is successfully applied on a human spine vertebra for diagnosing bone invasiveness of eosinophilic granuloma,validating its clinical practice.This work presents a powerful tool in bone analysis and will lead to new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of bone-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22171219 and 22222112)Innovation Talent Promotion Plan of Shaanxi Province for Science and Technology Innovation Team(2023-CX-TD-51)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Developing novel emissive supramolecular assemblies with elegant architectures and tunable perfor-mance remains highly desirable yet challenging.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of several 9.10-bis(diphenylmethylene)-9.10-dihydroanthracene-based metal organic assembles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.Such assemblies feature intriguing thermochromic and mechanochromic properties,ie.,distinguishable fuorescence responses in terms of emission wavelength and intensity un-der variable temperatures and pressures.Moreover,these assemblies can serve as excellent fluorescent sensors for the detection of polysaccharide molecules.Due to the differentiated charge type and den-sity,the assembles display distinct sensing mechanisms toward different polysaccharide molecules.This study provides novel perspectives for the synthesis of buttrfly-like platinum(I)supramolecular coordi-nation complexes with multistimuli-responsiveness for polysaccharide sensing.which will facllitate the development of stimuli-responsive materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22025101,91961114,21871039,22173015,22071017,and 21771049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China.
文摘The utilization of spin crossover(SCO)to modulate the luminescence properties in smart multifunctional materials and multichannel sensors is promising.However,it is challenging to build a strong coupling between SCO and luminescence in one system.Herein,we present a mononuclear compound[Fe(tpe-abpt)_(2)(SeCN)_(2)]·4DMF(1·4DMF,tpe-abpt:(4-(1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethene))-N-(3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4yl)methanimine)showing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and thermally induced SCO properties.Variable-temperature single-crystal structural analysis reveals that SCO changes the number of pathways and strength of intermolecular interactions,resulting in deactivation of nonradiative decay and significant enhancement of luminescence.The photoluminescence(PL)intensity of 1·4DMF exhibited a fivefold increase upon the spin transition from the low-spin to the high-spin states.In contrast with the current strategy of controlling the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process by utilizing SCO to tune the overlap degree between the emission band of the luminophore and UV–vis absorption band of high-spin and low-spin states,we developed a new approach to tune the intermolecular interactions between AIE luminogens(AIEgens)by utilizing a subtle SCO-induced structural transformation,therefore leading to effective coupling between SCO and luminescence and a significant change in luminescence upon SCO.Our results provide a rational strategy to build smartmultifunctionalizedmaterials with remarkably synergetic SCO and luminescence.
