In the present study elimination of chemical colorings in the alcoholic beverages produced by extraction of citron (Citrus medica) fruits and leaves as an alternative to the distillation method, which is currently use...In the present study elimination of chemical colorings in the alcoholic beverages produced by extraction of citron (Citrus medica) fruits and leaves as an alternative to the distillation method, which is currently used in industrial practice and requires addition of synthetic additives, was examined. Additionally, the volatile compounds of citron alcoholic beverages produced by both methods in association with potential antioxidant and anticancer properties were investigated. The results showed that no addition of artificial pigments was required in the novel citron beverages, as color intensity was similar to the commercial products. The most important compounds identified by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis were esters, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, acetals and terpenes. Although all products contained significant amounts of terpenes, which have been proposed as efficient antioxidant and anticancer agents, the highest concentration was determined in the alcoholic beverage produced by 4-fold extraction of citron leaves. Principal component analysis indicated that the production method affected significantly the volatile composition of the products. Finally, the potential of novel functional alcoholic beverages in promotion of human health is highlighted and assessed.展开更多
Illegal production of alcoholic beverages is a common problem in most countries.The consumption of these counterfeit alcoholic products in Turkey has increasingly been one of the major health concerns.In this study,a ...Illegal production of alcoholic beverages is a common problem in most countries.The consumption of these counterfeit alcoholic products in Turkey has increasingly been one of the major health concerns.In this study,a comparison between GC-MS and Raman spectroscopy techniques was made to determine the amount of methanol in BogmaRaki which is a counterfeit alcoholic beverage produced and consumed in Hatay region.Different ratios of methanol/ethanol concentrations were prepared to obtain a calibration curve.This curve was used to measure the amount of methanol in the actual product samples using both GC-MS and Raman spectroscopy techniques.Results obtained from both techniques were compared using Paired sample t-tests.The Limit of Detection and the Limit of Quantification values were determined as 0.03(%v/v) and 0.11(%v/v),respectively.Both techniques demonstrated a similar sensitivity in the determination of methanol concentration in these counterfeit products(p>0.05).Raman Spectroscopy,however,has an advantage of being easy to use,inexpensive,rapid and non-destructive analytical technique with little or no sample preparation.展开更多
Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopath...Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the pre...BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis.This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis,and analyzed the literature,in order to improve the understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver.Based on the patient’s history,laboratory examinations,and imaging examinations,a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed.Postoperative pathology showed HEA.During outpatient follow-up,the patient showed no sign of recurrence.CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery.HEA has the poten-tial for malignant degeneration.If conditions permit,surgical treatment is recom-mended.展开更多
Easy and quick methods to quantify ethanol reliably in beverages are always important. In 2022, the Enzytec<sup>TM</sup> Liquid Ethanol test kit was approved as AOAC Official Method<sup>SM</sup>...Easy and quick methods to quantify ethanol reliably in beverages are always important. In 2022, the Enzytec<sup>TM</sup> Liquid Ethanol test kit was approved as AOAC Official Method<sup>SM</sup> 2017.07 Final Action after a collaborative study was conducted with different beverages such as kombucha, juices, and beer. During set-up of this collaborative test, small sized companies asked to include the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE Ethanol/RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE SCAN device since it is easy to use, suitable for a few samples only and contains the identical reagents as the Enzytec<sup>TM</sup> Liquid system. It is applicable to quantify ethanol in diluted kombucha, fruit juices, and alcohol-free beer samples around 0.5% alcohol-by-volume within 12 min. The overall relative reproducibility standard deviation across a wide concentration range for kombucha, was calculated to be 6.29%. Analysis of juices and beer showed an overall higher variation with an estimated overall RSD(R) value by regression of 14.4%. The data obtained by this collaborative study show that the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE Ethanol in combination with the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE SCAN device is suitable to quantify ethanol from matrices representing important alcohol-free liquid food categories.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains one of the major indications for liver transplantation in the United States and continues to place a burden on the national healthcare system.There is evidence of increas...BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains one of the major indications for liver transplantation in the United States and continues to place a burden on the national healthcare system.There is evidence of increased alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and the effect of this on the already burdened health systems remains unknown.AIM To assess the trends for ALD admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic,and compare it to a similar pre-pandemic period.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed all admissions at a tertiary health care system,which includes four regional hospitals.ALD admissions were identified by querying a multi-hospital health system’s electronic database using ICD-10 codes.ALD admissions were compared for two one-year periods;pre-COVID-19 from April 2019 to March 2020,and during-COVID-19 from April 2020 to March 2021.Data were analyzed using a Poisson regression model and admission rates were compared using the annual quarterly average for the two time periods,with stratification by age and gender.Percent increase or decrease in admissions from the Poisson regression model were reported as incident rate ratios.RESULTS One thousand three hundred and seventy-eight admissions for ALD were included.80.7%were Caucasian,and 34.3%were female.An increase in the number of admissions for ALD during the COVID-19 pandemic was detected.Among women,a sharp rise(33%)was noted in those below the age of 50 years,and an increase of 22%in those above 50 years.Among men,an increase of 24%was seen for those below 50 years,and a 24%decrease in those above 50 years.CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread implications,and an increase in ALD admissions is just one of them.However,given that women are often prone to rapid progression of ALD,this finding has important preventive health implications.展开更多
The aggregation behavior of the mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC), a cationic surfactant, and moxifloxacin hydrochloride(MFH), a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, has been studied using...The aggregation behavior of the mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC), a cationic surfactant, and moxifloxacin hydrochloride(MFH), a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, has been studied using the conductivity technique in aqueous and alcoholic(EtOH, 1-PrOH, and 2-BuOH)media. The study was performed at several temperatures between 298.15 and 323.15 K at 5 K intervals.The assembly has been characterized by evaluating the micellar parameters, such as the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and the counter ion binding(β), of the CTAC + MFH mixture. The values of the CMC for the assembly of the CTAC + MFH mixture were reliant on the composition of alcohols in the mixed solvents and the temperature. The CMC values of the CTAC + MFH mixture increased with increasing temperature;that is, assembly was delayed by increased temperature. The micellization of the CTAC + MFH mixed system was delayed in alcoholic media. The observed-ΔG0mvalues for the association of the CTAC + MFH mixed system demonstrated a spontaneous aggregation process under all study conditions.Based on the-ΔH^(0)_(m) and +ΔS^(0)_(m) values, the association of the CTAC + MFH mixture is exothermic and the interaction forces acting between the CTAC and MFH species are hydrophobic, ion–dipole, and electrostatic interactions. The transfer properties and enthalpy–entropy compensation were also assessed and described comprehensively.展开更多
Heavy alcohol consumption results in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)with inadequate therapeutic options.Here,we first report the potential beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rk2(Rk2),a rare dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin ...Heavy alcohol consumption results in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)with inadequate therapeutic options.Here,we first report the potential beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rk2(Rk2),a rare dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin isolated from streamed ginseng,against alcoholic liver injury in mice.Chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding caused severe liver injury,as manifested by significantly elevated serum aminotransferase levels,hepatic histological changes,increased lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and inflammation in the liver.These deleterious effects were alleviated by the treatment with Rk2(5 and 30 mg/kg).Acting as an nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inhibitor,Rk2 ameliorates alcohol-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the liver.Meanwhile,the treatment with Rk2 alleviated the alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via enhancing NLRP6 inflammasome in the intestine.Our findings indicate that Rk2 is a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of ALD and other NLPR3-driven diseases.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic li...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of PPPs were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and an acute alcoholic liver injury model in mice was established.Bifendate was used as the positive control group to investigate the protective effect of low,medium and high doses of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury.[Results]The optimum extraction process parameters were followed as 60%ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio of 1:40(w/v),extraction temperature of 50℃,and extraction time of 1.5 h,and the yield was 1.42%.The results of animal experiments showed that PPPs could effectively reduce the degree of alcoholic liver injury in mice,reduce the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and reduce the inflammation and necrosis of liver tissue in mice.Meanwhile,the total polyphenols from pomegranate peel also significantly reduced the expression levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in mice,and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)in liver tissue of mice,indicating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,further illustrating its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury.[Conclusions]PPPs could reduce the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA in mice,and increase the expression levels of SOD and GSH to achieve the protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.This study will provide new ideas for the development of new anti-alcoholic liver injury drug resources.展开更多
As a result of the obesity epidemic,Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its complications have increased among millions of people.Consequently,a group of experts recommended changing the term NAFLD to an inclus...As a result of the obesity epidemic,Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its complications have increased among millions of people.Consequently,a group of experts recommended changing the term NAFLD to an inclusive terminology more reflective of the underlying pathogenesis;metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).This new term of MAFLD has its own disease epidemiology and clinical outcomes prompting efforts in studying its differences from NAFLD.This article discusses the rationale behind the nomenclature change,the main differences,and its clinical implications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension(PHT)in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis causes a range of clinical symptoms,including gastroesophageal varices and ascites.The hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG),which is easier to ...BACKGROUND Portal hypertension(PHT)in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis causes a range of clinical symptoms,including gastroesophageal varices and ascites.The hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG),which is easier to measure,has replaced the portal venous pressure gradient(PPG)as the gold standard for diagnosing PHT in clinical practice.Therefore,attention should be paid to the correlation between HVPG and PPG.METHODS Between January 2017 and June 2020,134 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and PHT who met the inclusion criteria underwent various pressure measurements during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures.Correlations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to estimate the correlation coefficient(r)and determination coefficient(R^(2)).Bland-Altman plots were constructed to further analyze the agreement between the measurements.Disagreements were analyzed using paired t tests,and P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS In this study,the correlation coefficient(r)and determination coefficient(R2)between HVPG and PPG were 0.201 and 0.040,respectively(P=0.020).In the 108 patients with no collateral branch,the average wedged hepatic venous pressure was lower than the average portal venous pressure(30.65±8.17 vs.33.25±6.60 mmHg,P=0.002).Hepatic collaterals were identified in 26 cases with balloon occlusion hepatic venography(19.4%),while the average PPG was significantly higher than the average HVPG(25.94±7.42 mmHg vs 9.86±7.44 mmHg;P<0.001).The differences between HVPG and PPG<5 mmHg in the collateral vs no collateral branch groups were three cases(11.54%)and 44 cases(40.74%),respectively.CONCLUSION In most patients,HVPG cannot accurately represent PPG.The formation of hepatic collaterals is a vital reason for the strong underestimation of HVPG.展开更多
Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users.On the other hand,the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use dis...Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users.On the other hand,the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use disorder.The behaviours of significant others of a person with substance use disorder that contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder are called enabling.This study aimed to explore enabling behaviours of wives of persons with substance use disorder in Chapter 8 of Alcoholic Anonymous’Big Book by utilising qualitative content analysis.Alcoholics Anonymous(AA)is one of the most commonly used programs for recovery from alcoholism.The current study sought to help mental health professionals get a better understanding of the views and premises of the AA program in reference to enabling behaviours of wives by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the AA Big Book.The study also discusses the healthy behaviours suggested by the authors of the Big Book and the comprehensiveness of the text for the readers.展开更多
Solanum Nigrum Linn,the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 29 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.The...Solanum Nigrum Linn,the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 29 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.The potential mechanism of action of Solanum Nigrum Linn in treating alcoholic liver injury was investigated by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 288 component target genes and 1010 disease target genes were obtained,and 98 intersection targets and 7 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes.GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.The results of molecular docking showed that the blood components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as GAPDH,IL6,SRC,EGFR and ESR1.This study provided a scientific basis for the development and application of Solanum Nigrum Linn.展开更多
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography among non-alcoholic Filipino adults. This will aid in detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver diseas...Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography among non-alcoholic Filipino adults. This will aid in detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in its early course, hence improving our current therapeutic recommendations in preventing and managing the adverse health outcomes of NAFLD. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study with a total of 65 recruited participants. The data collected were age, sex, waist-circumference, co-morbidities with maintenance medications, history of alcohol intake with emphasis on the quantity and duration, and history of drug intake. Waist circumference was measured and recorded. The presence of NAFLD was determined through a review of the ultrasonography results of all subjects. The demographic profile and waist circumference of all subjects were described using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was utilized to test the independence of the NAFLD and WC in the quartile. Pearson correlation was used to determine the linear relationship between the variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was statistically significant at p 0.05. Results: Among the subjects, 26 (42%) presented with fatty liver based on ultrasonography, 15 (58%) and 11 (42%), males and females, respectively. The mean waist circumference of 97.5 ± 12.43 was significantly related to the fatty liver with a p-value of 0.0001. Waist circumference showed a positive correlation with the frequency of fatty liver on ultrasonography with p-values of 0.000755 (r = 0.590083) and 3.04366E—05 (r = 0.659143523), in males and females, correspondingly. The overall correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography is statistically significant with a p-value of 4.10503E—08 (r = 0.634737127). Conclusion: One measure used to assess central obesity is waist circumference. In addition, it can also be utilized to assess risk for NAFLD since they are strongly correlated as reported in this study. Waist circumference cut-off values for the Filipinos proposed in this study are the following: >88 cm and >95 cm, in males and females, respectively.展开更多
本研究以石榴皮和百香果果皮为原料,进行石榴皮及百香果果皮(Pomegranate and passion fruit peel,PPFP)复合发酵饮料的研制,通过单因素及响应面试验优化复合饮料发酵工艺条件,并探讨其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明:复合饮料最佳发...本研究以石榴皮和百香果果皮为原料,进行石榴皮及百香果果皮(Pomegranate and passion fruit peel,PPFP)复合发酵饮料的研制,通过单因素及响应面试验优化复合饮料发酵工艺条件,并探讨其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明:复合饮料最佳发酵工艺条件为:石榴皮汁添加量20%、百香果果皮汁添加量24%、发酵时间36 h、发酵温度40℃,感官评分为(94.05±1.85)分,活菌数为(8.5±0.2)lg(CFU/g),在此发酵工艺条件下研制的复合饮料色泽均一,具有石榴皮混合发酵后的独特风味,酸甜适口,无明显分层现象。小鼠试验结果表明:与空白对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组可显著延长小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原储备显著增加,显著降低小鼠血清中乳酸和尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。说明PPFP复合发酵饮料有利于提高小鼠机体运动耐力。展开更多
文摘In the present study elimination of chemical colorings in the alcoholic beverages produced by extraction of citron (Citrus medica) fruits and leaves as an alternative to the distillation method, which is currently used in industrial practice and requires addition of synthetic additives, was examined. Additionally, the volatile compounds of citron alcoholic beverages produced by both methods in association with potential antioxidant and anticancer properties were investigated. The results showed that no addition of artificial pigments was required in the novel citron beverages, as color intensity was similar to the commercial products. The most important compounds identified by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis were esters, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, acetals and terpenes. Although all products contained significant amounts of terpenes, which have been proposed as efficient antioxidant and anticancer agents, the highest concentration was determined in the alcoholic beverage produced by 4-fold extraction of citron leaves. Principal component analysis indicated that the production method affected significantly the volatile composition of the products. Finally, the potential of novel functional alcoholic beverages in promotion of human health is highlighted and assessed.
基金There isn’t fund project and this issue was presented as a poster at the 7th European Academy of Forensic Science Conference,Prague,2015
文摘Illegal production of alcoholic beverages is a common problem in most countries.The consumption of these counterfeit alcoholic products in Turkey has increasingly been one of the major health concerns.In this study,a comparison between GC-MS and Raman spectroscopy techniques was made to determine the amount of methanol in BogmaRaki which is a counterfeit alcoholic beverage produced and consumed in Hatay region.Different ratios of methanol/ethanol concentrations were prepared to obtain a calibration curve.This curve was used to measure the amount of methanol in the actual product samples using both GC-MS and Raman spectroscopy techniques.Results obtained from both techniques were compared using Paired sample t-tests.The Limit of Detection and the Limit of Quantification values were determined as 0.03(%v/v) and 0.11(%v/v),respectively.Both techniques demonstrated a similar sensitivity in the determination of methanol concentration in these counterfeit products(p>0.05).Raman Spectroscopy,however,has an advantage of being easy to use,inexpensive,rapid and non-destructive analytical technique with little or no sample preparation.
基金The current project is funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2020MH370)Major Science and Technology Innovation in Shandong Province(2017CXGC1307)Ji’nan Science and Technology Project(201303055)。
文摘Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY19H030004and The Lishui City Key Research and Ddevelopment Project,No.2022ZDYF08。
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis.This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis,and analyzed the literature,in order to improve the understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver.Based on the patient’s history,laboratory examinations,and imaging examinations,a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed.Postoperative pathology showed HEA.During outpatient follow-up,the patient showed no sign of recurrence.CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery.HEA has the poten-tial for malignant degeneration.If conditions permit,surgical treatment is recom-mended.
文摘Easy and quick methods to quantify ethanol reliably in beverages are always important. In 2022, the Enzytec<sup>TM</sup> Liquid Ethanol test kit was approved as AOAC Official Method<sup>SM</sup> 2017.07 Final Action after a collaborative study was conducted with different beverages such as kombucha, juices, and beer. During set-up of this collaborative test, small sized companies asked to include the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE Ethanol/RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE SCAN device since it is easy to use, suitable for a few samples only and contains the identical reagents as the Enzytec<sup>TM</sup> Liquid system. It is applicable to quantify ethanol in diluted kombucha, fruit juices, and alcohol-free beer samples around 0.5% alcohol-by-volume within 12 min. The overall relative reproducibility standard deviation across a wide concentration range for kombucha, was calculated to be 6.29%. Analysis of juices and beer showed an overall higher variation with an estimated overall RSD(R) value by regression of 14.4%. The data obtained by this collaborative study show that the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE Ethanol in combination with the RIDA<sup>®</sup>CUBE SCAN device is suitable to quantify ethanol from matrices representing important alcohol-free liquid food categories.
文摘BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)remains one of the major indications for liver transplantation in the United States and continues to place a burden on the national healthcare system.There is evidence of increased alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and the effect of this on the already burdened health systems remains unknown.AIM To assess the trends for ALD admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic,and compare it to a similar pre-pandemic period.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed all admissions at a tertiary health care system,which includes four regional hospitals.ALD admissions were identified by querying a multi-hospital health system’s electronic database using ICD-10 codes.ALD admissions were compared for two one-year periods;pre-COVID-19 from April 2019 to March 2020,and during-COVID-19 from April 2020 to March 2021.Data were analyzed using a Poisson regression model and admission rates were compared using the annual quarterly average for the two time periods,with stratification by age and gender.Percent increase or decrease in admissions from the Poisson regression model were reported as incident rate ratios.RESULTS One thousand three hundred and seventy-eight admissions for ALD were included.80.7%were Caucasian,and 34.3%were female.An increase in the number of admissions for ALD during the COVID-19 pandemic was detected.Among women,a sharp rise(33%)was noted in those below the age of 50 years,and an increase of 22%in those above 50 years.Among men,an increase of 24%was seen for those below 50 years,and a 24%decrease in those above 50 years.CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread implications,and an increase in ALD admissions is just one of them.However,given that women are often prone to rapid progression of ALD,this finding has important preventive health implications.
基金funded by Institutional Fund Projects (IFPIP:515-961-1443)technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia。
文摘The aggregation behavior of the mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC), a cationic surfactant, and moxifloxacin hydrochloride(MFH), a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, has been studied using the conductivity technique in aqueous and alcoholic(EtOH, 1-PrOH, and 2-BuOH)media. The study was performed at several temperatures between 298.15 and 323.15 K at 5 K intervals.The assembly has been characterized by evaluating the micellar parameters, such as the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and the counter ion binding(β), of the CTAC + MFH mixture. The values of the CMC for the assembly of the CTAC + MFH mixture were reliant on the composition of alcohols in the mixed solvents and the temperature. The CMC values of the CTAC + MFH mixture increased with increasing temperature;that is, assembly was delayed by increased temperature. The micellization of the CTAC + MFH mixed system was delayed in alcoholic media. The observed-ΔG0mvalues for the association of the CTAC + MFH mixed system demonstrated a spontaneous aggregation process under all study conditions.Based on the-ΔH^(0)_(m) and +ΔS^(0)_(m) values, the association of the CTAC + MFH mixture is exothermic and the interaction forces acting between the CTAC and MFH species are hydrophobic, ion–dipole, and electrostatic interactions. The transfer properties and enthalpy–entropy compensation were also assessed and described comprehensively.
基金supported by grants from the Research Committee of the University of Macao(Grant No.:MYRG2022-00020-ICMS)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR,China(File No.:0074/2021/AFJ and 0052/2022/A1).
文摘Heavy alcohol consumption results in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)with inadequate therapeutic options.Here,we first report the potential beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rk2(Rk2),a rare dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin isolated from streamed ginseng,against alcoholic liver injury in mice.Chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding caused severe liver injury,as manifested by significantly elevated serum aminotransferase levels,hepatic histological changes,increased lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and inflammation in the liver.These deleterious effects were alleviated by the treatment with Rk2(5 and 30 mg/kg).Acting as an nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inhibitor,Rk2 ameliorates alcohol-induced liver inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the liver.Meanwhile,the treatment with Rk2 alleviated the alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via enhancing NLRP6 inflammasome in the intestine.Our findings indicate that Rk2 is a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of ALD and other NLPR3-driven diseases.
基金Supported by Provincial Key College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (202211834033).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of PPPs were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and an acute alcoholic liver injury model in mice was established.Bifendate was used as the positive control group to investigate the protective effect of low,medium and high doses of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury.[Results]The optimum extraction process parameters were followed as 60%ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio of 1:40(w/v),extraction temperature of 50℃,and extraction time of 1.5 h,and the yield was 1.42%.The results of animal experiments showed that PPPs could effectively reduce the degree of alcoholic liver injury in mice,reduce the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and reduce the inflammation and necrosis of liver tissue in mice.Meanwhile,the total polyphenols from pomegranate peel also significantly reduced the expression levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in mice,and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)in liver tissue of mice,indicating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,further illustrating its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury.[Conclusions]PPPs could reduce the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA in mice,and increase the expression levels of SOD and GSH to achieve the protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.This study will provide new ideas for the development of new anti-alcoholic liver injury drug resources.
文摘As a result of the obesity epidemic,Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its complications have increased among millions of people.Consequently,a group of experts recommended changing the term NAFLD to an inclusive terminology more reflective of the underlying pathogenesis;metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).This new term of MAFLD has its own disease epidemiology and clinical outcomes prompting efforts in studying its differences from NAFLD.This article discusses the rationale behind the nomenclature change,the main differences,and its clinical implications.
文摘BACKGROUND Portal hypertension(PHT)in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis causes a range of clinical symptoms,including gastroesophageal varices and ascites.The hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG),which is easier to measure,has replaced the portal venous pressure gradient(PPG)as the gold standard for diagnosing PHT in clinical practice.Therefore,attention should be paid to the correlation between HVPG and PPG.METHODS Between January 2017 and June 2020,134 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and PHT who met the inclusion criteria underwent various pressure measurements during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures.Correlations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to estimate the correlation coefficient(r)and determination coefficient(R^(2)).Bland-Altman plots were constructed to further analyze the agreement between the measurements.Disagreements were analyzed using paired t tests,and P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS In this study,the correlation coefficient(r)and determination coefficient(R2)between HVPG and PPG were 0.201 and 0.040,respectively(P=0.020).In the 108 patients with no collateral branch,the average wedged hepatic venous pressure was lower than the average portal venous pressure(30.65±8.17 vs.33.25±6.60 mmHg,P=0.002).Hepatic collaterals were identified in 26 cases with balloon occlusion hepatic venography(19.4%),while the average PPG was significantly higher than the average HVPG(25.94±7.42 mmHg vs 9.86±7.44 mmHg;P<0.001).The differences between HVPG and PPG<5 mmHg in the collateral vs no collateral branch groups were three cases(11.54%)and 44 cases(40.74%),respectively.CONCLUSION In most patients,HVPG cannot accurately represent PPG.The formation of hepatic collaterals is a vital reason for the strong underestimation of HVPG.
文摘Substance use disorder has a damaging effect on the family members of alcoholics and drug users.On the other hand,the reactions and behaviours of family members may negatively influence a person with substance use disorder.The behaviours of significant others of a person with substance use disorder that contribute to the maintenance of substance use disorder are called enabling.This study aimed to explore enabling behaviours of wives of persons with substance use disorder in Chapter 8 of Alcoholic Anonymous’Big Book by utilising qualitative content analysis.Alcoholics Anonymous(AA)is one of the most commonly used programs for recovery from alcoholism.The current study sought to help mental health professionals get a better understanding of the views and premises of the AA program in reference to enabling behaviours of wives by conducting a qualitative content analysis of the AA Big Book.The study also discusses the healthy behaviours suggested by the authors of the Big Book and the comprehensiveness of the text for the readers.
文摘Solanum Nigrum Linn,the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 29 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.The potential mechanism of action of Solanum Nigrum Linn in treating alcoholic liver injury was investigated by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 288 component target genes and 1010 disease target genes were obtained,and 98 intersection targets and 7 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes.GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.The results of molecular docking showed that the blood components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as GAPDH,IL6,SRC,EGFR and ESR1.This study provided a scientific basis for the development and application of Solanum Nigrum Linn.
文摘Objectives: This study aimed to determine the correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography among non-alcoholic Filipino adults. This will aid in detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in its early course, hence improving our current therapeutic recommendations in preventing and managing the adverse health outcomes of NAFLD. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study with a total of 65 recruited participants. The data collected were age, sex, waist-circumference, co-morbidities with maintenance medications, history of alcohol intake with emphasis on the quantity and duration, and history of drug intake. Waist circumference was measured and recorded. The presence of NAFLD was determined through a review of the ultrasonography results of all subjects. The demographic profile and waist circumference of all subjects were described using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was utilized to test the independence of the NAFLD and WC in the quartile. Pearson correlation was used to determine the linear relationship between the variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was statistically significant at p 0.05. Results: Among the subjects, 26 (42%) presented with fatty liver based on ultrasonography, 15 (58%) and 11 (42%), males and females, respectively. The mean waist circumference of 97.5 ± 12.43 was significantly related to the fatty liver with a p-value of 0.0001. Waist circumference showed a positive correlation with the frequency of fatty liver on ultrasonography with p-values of 0.000755 (r = 0.590083) and 3.04366E—05 (r = 0.659143523), in males and females, correspondingly. The overall correlation between waist circumference and fatty liver on ultrasonography is statistically significant with a p-value of 4.10503E—08 (r = 0.634737127). Conclusion: One measure used to assess central obesity is waist circumference. In addition, it can also be utilized to assess risk for NAFLD since they are strongly correlated as reported in this study. Waist circumference cut-off values for the Filipinos proposed in this study are the following: >88 cm and >95 cm, in males and females, respectively.
文摘本研究以石榴皮和百香果果皮为原料,进行石榴皮及百香果果皮(Pomegranate and passion fruit peel,PPFP)复合发酵饮料的研制,通过单因素及响应面试验优化复合饮料发酵工艺条件,并探讨其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明:复合饮料最佳发酵工艺条件为:石榴皮汁添加量20%、百香果果皮汁添加量24%、发酵时间36 h、发酵温度40℃,感官评分为(94.05±1.85)分,活菌数为(8.5±0.2)lg(CFU/g),在此发酵工艺条件下研制的复合饮料色泽均一,具有石榴皮混合发酵后的独特风味,酸甜适口,无明显分层现象。小鼠试验结果表明:与空白对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组可显著延长小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原储备显著增加,显著降低小鼠血清中乳酸和尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。说明PPFP复合发酵饮料有利于提高小鼠机体运动耐力。
