AIM: To choose appropriate concentration of sodium hydroxide(Na OH) solution to establish a stable and consistent corneal alkali burn mouse model in grade II.·METHODS: The mice(n =60) were randomly divided into f...AIM: To choose appropriate concentration of sodium hydroxide(Na OH) solution to establish a stable and consistent corneal alkali burn mouse model in grade II.·METHODS: The mice(n =60) were randomly divided into four groups and 15 mice each group. Corneal alkali burns were induced by placing circle filter paper soaked with Na OH solutions on the right central cornea for 30 s.The concentrations of Na OH solutions of groups A, B, C,and D were 0.1 mol/L, 0.15 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L, and 1.0 mol/L respectively. Then these corneas were irrigated with 20 m L physiological saline(0.9% Na Cl). On day 7 postburn, slit lamp microscope was used to observe corneal opacity,corneal epithelial sodium fluorescein staining positive rate, incidence of corneal ulcer and corneal neovascularization, meanwhile pictures of the anterior eyes were taken. Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to scan cornea to observe corneal epithelial defect and corneal ulcer.·RESULTS: Corneal opacity scores( x ±s) were not significantly different between the group A and group B(P =0.097). Incidence of corneal ulcer in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P =0.035).Incidence of corneal ulcer and perforation rate in group B was lower than that in group C. Groups C and D had corneal neovascularization, and incidence of corneal neovascularization in group D was significantly higher than that in group C(P =0.000).·CONCLUSION: Using 0.15 mol/L Na OH can establish grade II mouse model of corneal alkali burns.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Nodinhibit-1on alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) and inflammation. The nucleotide-binding oligomerzation domain 1(NOD1) is a potent angiogenic gene.·ME...AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Nodinhibit-1on alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) and inflammation. The nucleotide-binding oligomerzation domain 1(NOD1) is a potent angiogenic gene.·METHODS: The alkali-burned rat corneas(32 right eyes) were treated with eye drops containing Nodinhibit-1 or phosphate buffered solution(PBS, p H 7.4) only, four times per day. CNV and inflammation were monitored using slit lamp microscopy, and the area of CNV was measured by formula. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)was determined by Western blot analysis. The TUNEL assay was used to assess the corneal apoptosis cells.·RESULTS: Alkali-burn-induced progressive CNV and inflammation in the cornea. After treatment for 7d and14 d, there were statistically significant differences in the CNV areas and inflammatory index on that between two group(P <0.05, respectively). Epithelial defect quantification showed a significant difference between the two groups at days 4 and 7 after the alkali burns(P <0.05). The apoptotic cells on days 1, 4, and 7 between the two groups showed significant differences at all time points(P <0.05, respectively). Compared to that in control group,the protein level of VEGF expression was significantly reduced whereas the PEDF expression was increase in the Nodinhibit-1 groups on day 14(P <0.05, respectively).·CONCLUSION: Topical application of 10.0 μg/m L Nodinhibit-1 may have potential effect for the alkali burn-induced CNV and inflammation. The effect of Nodinhibit-1 on CNV may be by regulation the equilibrium of VEGF and PEDF in the wounded cornea.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of nintedanib thermo-sensitive hydrogel(NTH)on neovascularization and related markers in corneal alkali burns of Wistar rats.METHODS:NTH was prepared by grinding,and its phase-transition...AIM:To investigate the effects of nintedanib thermo-sensitive hydrogel(NTH)on neovascularization and related markers in corneal alkali burns of Wistar rats.METHODS:NTH was prepared by grinding,and its phase-transition temperature was determined.Thirty specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats served as a model of corneal alkali burn in the right eye were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10,each):model group treated with 0.9%saline once a day,NTH group with 0.2%nintedanib b.i.d,and dexamethasone group with dexamethasone ointment once a day.The left eye of rats served as the controls.The corneal transparency was observed under a slit-lamp microscope,and the area of neovascularization was calculated.On day 7,the rats were sacrificed,and the cornea was removed and embedded with paraffin,then stained with hematoxylin一eosin,and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)and CD31 in the corneal tissues of each group was detected by immunofluorescence.RESULTS:The phase-transition temperature ofnintedanib obtained by grinding was 37℃after adding artificial tears.The results of the alkali burn model indicated that the growth rate of neovascularization in the NTH group was slower than that in the model group,and the neovascularization area was significantly smaller than that in the model group(P<0.05).Moreover,CD31 and VEGFR-2 expression levels in the NTH group were significantly lower than those in the model group.CONCLUSION:NTH becomes colloidal at body temperature,which is beneficial for releasing the drug slowly and can significantly inhibit the neovascularization of corneal induced by alkali burn in rats.展开更多
·AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of 20 MHz immersion Bscan ultrasonography in observing lens and to investigate the value of this noninvasive preoperative diagnosis method in alkali burn eyes.·METHODS: It was ...·AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of 20 MHz immersion Bscan ultrasonography in observing lens and to investigate the value of this noninvasive preoperative diagnosis method in alkali burn eyes.·METHODS: It was a comparative study. Fifty-six cases(56 eyes) of alkali burn eyes were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) and immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography from June 2011 to April 2013,the images were analyzed, and the ultrasonographic diagnosis compared with the operation results.·RESULTS: In 56 alkali burn eyes examined by UBM, the lens were not detected in 16 eyes; the IOL could be detected in 2 eyes; the anterior lens capsule surface or/and the front lens could be detected in 18 eyes, and lens opacification in 3 eyes of them; suspected abnormal lens were detected in the other 20 eyes. In all the same eyes examined by immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography,the lens were not detected in 16 eyes; the IOL could be detected in 2 eyes; 24 abnormal lens(opacity, lens expansion, shrinkage) and 14 normal lens were found.Compared with the intraoperative findings, the diagnostic accordance rate of the immersion 20 MHz B-scan appearance of lens was 100%(56/56), which was significantly higher than examined by UBM 57.14%(32/56)(χ2=30.55, P =0.0000).·CONCLUSION: Immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography can observe the lens accurately in alkali burn eyes. It has important clinical value to combine with UBM in eyes of alkali burn.展开更多
The authors found experimentally that (1) fibronectin enhanced the healing of rabbit corneal epithelium after alkali burn and prevented the secondary breakdown; (2) it rapidly deposited on the denuded basement membran...The authors found experimentally that (1) fibronectin enhanced the healing of rabbit corneal epithelium after alkali burn and prevented the secondary breakdown; (2) it rapidly deposited on the denuded basement membrane to disappear as epithelial cells slided over, and (3) ultrastructurally, the neighbouring epithelial cells became flattened, with filopodia at the advancing edge, and extended to the wounded areas at 24 hours after the burn. However, the epithelial defects recurred 72 hours after the burn...展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of Collagen cross-linking on the prevention of melting in rabbit corneas after alkali burn. · METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group a...AIM: To evaluate the effect of Collagen cross-linking on the prevention of melting in rabbit corneas after alkali burn. · METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group and collagen cross-linking treatment group. The second group of rabbits received collagen cross linked treatment. Both groups were applied with antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection. The corneas were evaluated for melting, opacity, pathological and immunohistochemistry, record the changes when 28 days after the animals were killed. · RESULTS: In the control group, 6 out of 8 rabbits showed corneal melting after injury (14±4) days, while two corneal perforated. In collagen cross-linking treatment group, one rabbit showed corneal melting after injury 23 days, without corneal perforation; corneal dissolution rate between the two groups was significantly different (P <0.05). Pathological examination suggested that in the treatment group, mild corneal edema, mild damage to collagen fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly less than the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that corneal collagen fibers arranged in neat rows in the control group. · CONCLUSION: Collagen cross-linking treatment not only can prevent and delay the corneal melting after alkali burn, but also can reduce the destruction of corneal collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the corneal tissue.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effects of local and systemic administration of AMD3100 for alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) in mice.· METHODS:CNV was induced in vivo by alkaline burn of cor...AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effects of local and systemic administration of AMD3100 for alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) in mice.· METHODS:CNV was induced in vivo by alkaline burn of cornea in C57BL/6 mice.AMD3100 was administrated topically by subconjunctival injection or systemically by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days;balanced salt solution was administrated topically or systemically as a control respectively.Inflammatory index was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and inflammatory cells infiltrated to cornea tissue were detected by histologic analysis at multiple time points.CNV was compared between the local and systemic treated mice 2 weeks after alkali burn,as quantified by CD34 immunostaining.Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter Analysis was used to investigate the mobilizing effects of EPC in mice after subconjunctival injected or intraperitoneal injected AMD3100.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of endothelial progenitor cells(EPC) marker proteins VEGFR2 and CD34.RESULTS:Three days after alkali burn,infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in corneal tissue.At the first 7 days of local injection group,the number of inflammatory cells was significantly lower than that in systemic injection group.CNV could be seen at the 7th day,and at the 14th day reached the peak,then started to decrease.The number of CNV in the subconjunctival injection group was 7.57±1.26 per 0.034mm2,compared to a number of 14.87±2.21 per 0.034mm2 in the control group(P <0.05).On the contrary,the number of CNV in the intraperitoneal injection group was a little higher than that in the control group,16.34±1.53 per 0.034mm2 vs 13.26±1.87 per 0.034mm2.The research also showed that intraperitoneally,but not subconjunctivally injected AMD3100 could mobilize EPC.On the other hand,subconjunctival,but not intraperitoneally injected AMD3100 could reduce the expression of EPC marker proteins.CONCLUSION:In mice locally administrated AMD3100 can reduce the number of alkali burn induced CNV.The number of inflammatory cells and inflammatory responses in corneal tissue.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishin...AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells.Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31(a panendothelial cell marker)and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1;lymphatic marker)was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 si RNA.In addition,expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis.RESULTS:LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas.LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells.Local application ofexogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly(P<0.01).LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)control group.We also found that LRG1-specific si RNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble si RNA-treated group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A,B,C,D and VEGFR-1,2,3;LRG1-specific si RNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.展开更多
By observing clinical cases,we studied the curative effect of amnion membrane transplantation on decreasing corneal neovascularization(CNV).It was a non-randomized retrospective case-control study.Among 17 cases(21 ey...By observing clinical cases,we studied the curative effect of amnion membrane transplantation on decreasing corneal neovascularization(CNV).It was a non-randomized retrospective case-control study.Among 17 cases(21 eyes) of third-degree alkali burns from 2007 to 2010,10 cases(12 eyes) were performed with amnion membrane transplantation operation,and others were not.Amnion membrane transplantation was performed at the 3rd day after burn in the treatment group.Areas of CNV in double groups were measured at the 14th day and 60th day after burn.Area of CNV in the treatment group was(66.207±7.251)mm2 at the 14th day after burn,and was 18.27% lower than that in the control group.Area of CNV in the treatment group was(120.046±13.812)mm2 at the 60th day after burn,and was 11.35% lower than that in the control group.There was both statistical significance(P <0.05).Amnion membrane transplantation operation can inhibit the growth of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs) on angiogenesis and inflammation in rabbits with acute cornea alkali burn.Methods:New Zealand White Rabbit were chosen,while model of cornea al...Objective:To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs) on angiogenesis and inflammation in rabbits with acute cornea alkali burn.Methods:New Zealand White Rabbit were chosen,while model of cornea alkali bum was made and divided into BMSCs group and control group.Rabbits in the BMSCs group were injected with BMSCs and those in the control group received PBS Solution via ear vein.Cornea turbidity and the angiogenesis area were measured at 20 d,40 d,60 d.The expression of angiogenic and inflammation response cytokines were measured at 60 d.Results:At 20 d,40 d,60 d,the cornea turbidity in BMSCs group was lower than that in control group,and the angiogenesis area in BMSCs group was smaller than that in control group;At 60 d,the mRNA expression of HIF-1 α,VEGF,MMP2,MMP9,TLR2,TLR4,IL-1 α,IL-1 β,TNF-α,ICAM-1 in cornea of BMSCs group was substantially Lower than that of control group,while BMSCs group was substantially higher than control group on mRNA expression of PEDE TIMP1,TIMP2.Conclusions:BMSCs has inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and inflammatory response so that it is conducive to the healing of cornea alkali burn.展开更多
AIM: To investigate anti-angiogenic effects of polysulfated heparin endostatin(PSH-ES) on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(NV) in rabbits.METHODS: An alkali burn was made on rabbit corneas to induce corn...AIM: To investigate anti-angiogenic effects of polysulfated heparin endostatin(PSH-ES) on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(NV) in rabbits.METHODS: An alkali burn was made on rabbit corneas to induce corneal NV in the right eye of 24 rabbits. One day after burn creation, a 0.2 m L subconjunctival injection of 50 μg/m L PSH-ES, 50 μg/m L recombinant endostatin(ES), or normal saline was administered every other day for a total of 14d(7 injections). Histology and immunohistochemisty were used to examine corneas.Corneal NV growth was evaluated as microvessel quantity and corneal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression was measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS: Subconjunctival injection of ES and PSHES resulted in significant corneal NV suppression, but PSH-ES had a more powerful anti-angiogenic effect than ES. Mean VEGF concentration in PSH-ES treated corneas was significantly lower than in ES treated and saline treated corneas. Histological examination showed that corneas treated with either PSH-ES or ES had significantly fewer microvessels than eyes treated with saline. Additionally corneas treated with PSH-ES had significantly fewer microvessels than corneas treated with ES.CONCLUSION: Both PSH-ES and recombinant ES effectively inhibit corneal NV induced by alkali burn.However, PSH-ES is a more powerful anti-angiogenic agent than ES. This research has the potential to provide a new treatment option for preventing and treating corneal NV.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of doxycycline intervention on the apoptosis as well as the IL-1, TNF-α and HIF-1α expression in cornea and aqueous humor in rats with corneal alkali burn.Methods: Male SD rats were sel...Objective:To study the effect of doxycycline intervention on the apoptosis as well as the IL-1, TNF-α and HIF-1α expression in cornea and aqueous humor in rats with corneal alkali burn.Methods: Male SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into control group, alkali burn group and doxycycline group, corneal alkali burn models were established by sodium hydroxide eye drop and then they received doxycycline eye drops intervention. The expression of apoptosis molecules, inflammatory response cytokines and angiogenesis moleculesin the cornea as well as the expression of inflammatory response cytokines and angiogenesis molecules in aqueous humor were detected 14 and 28 d after model establishment.Results: 14 and 28 d after model establishment, Bcl-2 and PEDF protein expression in cornea tissue of alkali burn group were significantly lower than those of control group while Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, IL-1, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression were significantly higher than those of control group;Bcl-2 and PEDF protein expression in cornea tissue of doxycycline group were significantly higher than those of alkali burn group while Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, IL-1, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression were significantly lower than those of alkali burn group.Conclusion: Doxycycline for corneal alkali burn intervention can inhibit the apoptosis, inflammatory response and angiogenesis.展开更多
Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence...Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.展开更多
Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete.An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using ...Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete.An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high hydrophilicity,acrylic acid (AA) containing anionic carboxylic group and acrylamide (AM) containing non-ionic amide group as the main raw materials.The results show that the ratio of CAA-ICA alkali absorption solution is higher than that existing ICA,which solves the low water absorption ratio of the ICA in alkali environment.The water absorption ratio of CAA-ICA in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) solution is 95.8 g·g^(-1),and the alkali tolerance coefficient is 3.4.The application of CAA-ICA in cement-based materials can increase the internal relative humidity and miniaturize the pore structure.The compressive strength of mortar increases up to 12.95%at 28 d,which provids a solution to overcome the reduction of the early strength.展开更多
Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 5...Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 50 years, delayed grafting as a technique for the management of burns over 15%-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) could have comparable results to that of early excision. This study aims to highlight the outcomes of practicing delayed grafting in burn patients. Methods: A case series analysis was performed of 51 patients who were admitted to the burns unit in Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah with over 20% TBSA between January 2014 and December 2019. The patients received prophylactic antibiotics and silver sulphadiazine dressing until the burn eschar had completely separated, followed by grafting. Results: Two patients were lost during the entire duration of the study. The mortality rate was comparable to that of early excision, while the rate of hypertrophic scarring was lower than the range reported by other studies. Conclusion: In the management of patients with over 20% TBSA, delayed grafting after complete separation of eschar is still a valid technique.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a rare,rapidly progressive and often fatal fungal infection.The rarity of the condition lends itself to unfamiliarity,delayed treatment,and poor outcomes.Diagnosis of fungal infections early...BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a rare,rapidly progressive and often fatal fungal infection.The rarity of the condition lends itself to unfamiliarity,delayed treatment,and poor outcomes.Diagnosis of fungal infections early enough to enable appropriate treatment occurs in less than half of affected patients.CASE SUMMARY An 11-year-old girl with a history of 15%total body surface area scald burns involving both lower limbs progressed to develop angioinvasive mucormycosis.This further led to a thrombosis of the right external iliac artery and vein and rapidly progressive necrosis of surrounding soft tissues.She also had dextrocardia and patent foramen ovale.A right hip disarticulation and serial aggressive debridements were performed but she went on to develop systemic sepsis with multisystem involvement and succumbed to the infection.Pathology revealed mucor species with extensive vascular invasion.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of maintaining vigilance for mycotic infections and acting appropriately when there are signs of fulminant wound infection.展开更多
Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on c...Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.展开更多
In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of...In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of hydrogen(H2) on Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1) activation in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. METHODS: In each rat, one cornea was subjected to alkali exposure. Physiological s...AIM: To investigate the effects of hydrogen(H2) on Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1) activation in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. METHODS: In each rat, one cornea was subjected to alkali exposure. Physiological saline(saline group) or H2-dissolved saline(H2 group) was instilled continuously on the cornea for 5 min before and after alkali exposure. Inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and cytoplasmic SOD1 levels were evaluated immunohistochemically in enucleated eyes from both groups. Three-dimensional ultrastructural tissue changes in the eyes were analyzed using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: The numbers of both inflammatory and vascular endothelial cells were significantly reduced in the corneas of the H2 group(P<0.01). Furthermore, H2 treatment increased both cytoplasmic SOD1 levels(P<0.01) and activity in corneal epithelial cells(P<0.01). Notably, the SOD1 activity level in the H2 group was approximately 2.5-fold greater than that in the saline group.CONCLUSION: H2 treatment suppresses inflammation and neovascularization in the injured cornea and indirectly suppresses oxidative insult to the cornea by upregulating the SOD1 enzyme protein level and activity.展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the changes in ultrastructure and histopathology of the cornea in acute corneal alkaline burns after femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty.·METHODS: The New Zealand white rabbi...AIM: To demonstrate the changes in ultrastructure and histopathology of the cornea in acute corneal alkaline burns after femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty.·METHODS: The New Zealand white rabbits treated with alkaline corneal burn were randomized into two groups,Group A(16 eyes) with femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty 24 h after burn and Group B(16 eyes)without keratoplasty as controls. All eyes were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy(TEM) at 1, 2, 3,and 4wk follow-up, then all corneas were tested by hematoxylin and eosin staining histology.· RESULTS: The corneal grafts in Group A were transparent, while those in Group B showed corneal stromal edema and loosely arranged collagen fibers. One week after treatment, TEM revealed the intercellular desmosomes in the epithelial layers and intact non-dissolving nuclei in Group A. At week 4, the center of the corneas in Group A was transparent with regularly arranged collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the stroma. In Group B, squamous cells were observed on the corneal surface and some epithelial cells were detached.· CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty can suppress inflammatory responses, prevent toxic substance-induced injury to the corneal endothelium and inner tissues with quicker recovery and better visual outcomes.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2011ZXJ09104-10C)
文摘AIM: To choose appropriate concentration of sodium hydroxide(Na OH) solution to establish a stable and consistent corneal alkali burn mouse model in grade II.·METHODS: The mice(n =60) were randomly divided into four groups and 15 mice each group. Corneal alkali burns were induced by placing circle filter paper soaked with Na OH solutions on the right central cornea for 30 s.The concentrations of Na OH solutions of groups A, B, C,and D were 0.1 mol/L, 0.15 mol/L, 0.2 mol/L, and 1.0 mol/L respectively. Then these corneas were irrigated with 20 m L physiological saline(0.9% Na Cl). On day 7 postburn, slit lamp microscope was used to observe corneal opacity,corneal epithelial sodium fluorescein staining positive rate, incidence of corneal ulcer and corneal neovascularization, meanwhile pictures of the anterior eyes were taken. Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to scan cornea to observe corneal epithelial defect and corneal ulcer.·RESULTS: Corneal opacity scores( x ±s) were not significantly different between the group A and group B(P =0.097). Incidence of corneal ulcer in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P =0.035).Incidence of corneal ulcer and perforation rate in group B was lower than that in group C. Groups C and D had corneal neovascularization, and incidence of corneal neovascularization in group D was significantly higher than that in group C(P =0.000).·CONCLUSION: Using 0.15 mol/L Na OH can establish grade II mouse model of corneal alkali burns.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81400372,No.81300729,No.81160118)Clinical Medicine Research Special-purpose Foundation of China(No.L2012052)+6 种基金Jiangxi Province Sailing Engineering(No.2014022)Shan Hai Foundation of China(No.2013SH008)Science Technology Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20151BBG70223)Youth Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20151BAB215016)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2015J05170)Education Department Youth Scientific Research Foundation(No.GJJ14170)Health Development Planning Commission Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20155154)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Nodinhibit-1on alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) and inflammation. The nucleotide-binding oligomerzation domain 1(NOD1) is a potent angiogenic gene.·METHODS: The alkali-burned rat corneas(32 right eyes) were treated with eye drops containing Nodinhibit-1 or phosphate buffered solution(PBS, p H 7.4) only, four times per day. CNV and inflammation were monitored using slit lamp microscopy, and the area of CNV was measured by formula. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)was determined by Western blot analysis. The TUNEL assay was used to assess the corneal apoptosis cells.·RESULTS: Alkali-burn-induced progressive CNV and inflammation in the cornea. After treatment for 7d and14 d, there were statistically significant differences in the CNV areas and inflammatory index on that between two group(P <0.05, respectively). Epithelial defect quantification showed a significant difference between the two groups at days 4 and 7 after the alkali burns(P <0.05). The apoptotic cells on days 1, 4, and 7 between the two groups showed significant differences at all time points(P <0.05, respectively). Compared to that in control group,the protein level of VEGF expression was significantly reduced whereas the PEDF expression was increase in the Nodinhibit-1 groups on day 14(P <0.05, respectively).·CONCLUSION: Topical application of 10.0 μg/m L Nodinhibit-1 may have potential effect for the alkali burn-induced CNV and inflammation. The effect of Nodinhibit-1 on CNV may be by regulation the equilibrium of VEGF and PEDF in the wounded cornea.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2018ZA111)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY19H120001)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Medicine and Health Science and Technology Project(No.2020KY288)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2019A610353)Ningbo Leading and Outstanding Talents Cultivation Project Selects and Supports Scientific Research Projects(No.NBLJ201801037)Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2019C50059)Ningbo Yinzhou District Science and Technology Bureau Agricultural and Social Science and Technology Plan Project(Yanke[2017]No.110)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of nintedanib thermo-sensitive hydrogel(NTH)on neovascularization and related markers in corneal alkali burns of Wistar rats.METHODS:NTH was prepared by grinding,and its phase-transition temperature was determined.Thirty specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats served as a model of corneal alkali burn in the right eye were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10,each):model group treated with 0.9%saline once a day,NTH group with 0.2%nintedanib b.i.d,and dexamethasone group with dexamethasone ointment once a day.The left eye of rats served as the controls.The corneal transparency was observed under a slit-lamp microscope,and the area of neovascularization was calculated.On day 7,the rats were sacrificed,and the cornea was removed and embedded with paraffin,then stained with hematoxylin一eosin,and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)and CD31 in the corneal tissues of each group was detected by immunofluorescence.RESULTS:The phase-transition temperature ofnintedanib obtained by grinding was 37℃after adding artificial tears.The results of the alkali burn model indicated that the growth rate of neovascularization in the NTH group was slower than that in the model group,and the neovascularization area was significantly smaller than that in the model group(P<0.05).Moreover,CD31 and VEGFR-2 expression levels in the NTH group were significantly lower than those in the model group.CONCLUSION:NTH becomes colloidal at body temperature,which is beneficial for releasing the drug slowly and can significantly inhibit the neovascularization of corneal induced by alkali burn in rats.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2013CB967001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271052,No.31271059)
文摘·AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of 20 MHz immersion Bscan ultrasonography in observing lens and to investigate the value of this noninvasive preoperative diagnosis method in alkali burn eyes.·METHODS: It was a comparative study. Fifty-six cases(56 eyes) of alkali burn eyes were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) and immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography from June 2011 to April 2013,the images were analyzed, and the ultrasonographic diagnosis compared with the operation results.·RESULTS: In 56 alkali burn eyes examined by UBM, the lens were not detected in 16 eyes; the IOL could be detected in 2 eyes; the anterior lens capsule surface or/and the front lens could be detected in 18 eyes, and lens opacification in 3 eyes of them; suspected abnormal lens were detected in the other 20 eyes. In all the same eyes examined by immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography,the lens were not detected in 16 eyes; the IOL could be detected in 2 eyes; 24 abnormal lens(opacity, lens expansion, shrinkage) and 14 normal lens were found.Compared with the intraoperative findings, the diagnostic accordance rate of the immersion 20 MHz B-scan appearance of lens was 100%(56/56), which was significantly higher than examined by UBM 57.14%(32/56)(χ2=30.55, P =0.0000).·CONCLUSION: Immersion 20 MHz B-scan ultrasonography can observe the lens accurately in alkali burn eyes. It has important clinical value to combine with UBM in eyes of alkali burn.
文摘The authors found experimentally that (1) fibronectin enhanced the healing of rabbit corneal epithelium after alkali burn and prevented the secondary breakdown; (2) it rapidly deposited on the denuded basement membrane to disappear as epithelial cells slided over, and (3) ultrastructurally, the neighbouring epithelial cells became flattened, with filopodia at the advancing edge, and extended to the wounded areas at 24 hours after the burn. However, the epithelial defects recurred 72 hours after the burn...
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of Collagen cross-linking on the prevention of melting in rabbit corneas after alkali burn. · METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group and collagen cross-linking treatment group. The second group of rabbits received collagen cross linked treatment. Both groups were applied with antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection. The corneas were evaluated for melting, opacity, pathological and immunohistochemistry, record the changes when 28 days after the animals were killed. · RESULTS: In the control group, 6 out of 8 rabbits showed corneal melting after injury (14±4) days, while two corneal perforated. In collagen cross-linking treatment group, one rabbit showed corneal melting after injury 23 days, without corneal perforation; corneal dissolution rate between the two groups was significantly different (P <0.05). Pathological examination suggested that in the treatment group, mild corneal edema, mild damage to collagen fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly less than the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that corneal collagen fibers arranged in neat rows in the control group. · CONCLUSION: Collagen cross-linking treatment not only can prevent and delay the corneal melting after alkali burn, but also can reduce the destruction of corneal collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the corneal tissue.
文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effects of local and systemic administration of AMD3100 for alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(CNV) in mice.· METHODS:CNV was induced in vivo by alkaline burn of cornea in C57BL/6 mice.AMD3100 was administrated topically by subconjunctival injection or systemically by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days;balanced salt solution was administrated topically or systemically as a control respectively.Inflammatory index was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and inflammatory cells infiltrated to cornea tissue were detected by histologic analysis at multiple time points.CNV was compared between the local and systemic treated mice 2 weeks after alkali burn,as quantified by CD34 immunostaining.Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter Analysis was used to investigate the mobilizing effects of EPC in mice after subconjunctival injected or intraperitoneal injected AMD3100.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of endothelial progenitor cells(EPC) marker proteins VEGFR2 and CD34.RESULTS:Three days after alkali burn,infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in corneal tissue.At the first 7 days of local injection group,the number of inflammatory cells was significantly lower than that in systemic injection group.CNV could be seen at the 7th day,and at the 14th day reached the peak,then started to decrease.The number of CNV in the subconjunctival injection group was 7.57±1.26 per 0.034mm2,compared to a number of 14.87±2.21 per 0.034mm2 in the control group(P <0.05).On the contrary,the number of CNV in the intraperitoneal injection group was a little higher than that in the control group,16.34±1.53 per 0.034mm2 vs 13.26±1.87 per 0.034mm2.The research also showed that intraperitoneally,but not subconjunctivally injected AMD3100 could mobilize EPC.On the other hand,subconjunctival,but not intraperitoneally injected AMD3100 could reduce the expression of EPC marker proteins.CONCLUSION:In mice locally administrated AMD3100 can reduce the number of alkali burn induced CNV.The number of inflammatory cells and inflammatory responses in corneal tissue.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670828)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2017GSF18141).
文摘AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells.Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31(a panendothelial cell marker)and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1;lymphatic marker)was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 si RNA.In addition,expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis.RESULTS:LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas.LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells.Local application ofexogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly(P<0.01).LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)control group.We also found that LRG1-specific si RNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble si RNA-treated group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A,B,C,D and VEGFR-1,2,3;LRG1-specific si RNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.
文摘By observing clinical cases,we studied the curative effect of amnion membrane transplantation on decreasing corneal neovascularization(CNV).It was a non-randomized retrospective case-control study.Among 17 cases(21 eyes) of third-degree alkali burns from 2007 to 2010,10 cases(12 eyes) were performed with amnion membrane transplantation operation,and others were not.Amnion membrane transplantation was performed at the 3rd day after burn in the treatment group.Areas of CNV in double groups were measured at the 14th day and 60th day after burn.Area of CNV in the treatment group was(66.207±7.251)mm2 at the 14th day after burn,and was 18.27% lower than that in the control group.Area of CNV in the treatment group was(120.046±13.812)mm2 at the 60th day after burn,and was 11.35% lower than that in the control group.There was both statistical significance(P <0.05).Amnion membrane transplantation operation can inhibit the growth of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs) on angiogenesis and inflammation in rabbits with acute cornea alkali burn.Methods:New Zealand White Rabbit were chosen,while model of cornea alkali bum was made and divided into BMSCs group and control group.Rabbits in the BMSCs group were injected with BMSCs and those in the control group received PBS Solution via ear vein.Cornea turbidity and the angiogenesis area were measured at 20 d,40 d,60 d.The expression of angiogenic and inflammation response cytokines were measured at 60 d.Results:At 20 d,40 d,60 d,the cornea turbidity in BMSCs group was lower than that in control group,and the angiogenesis area in BMSCs group was smaller than that in control group;At 60 d,the mRNA expression of HIF-1 α,VEGF,MMP2,MMP9,TLR2,TLR4,IL-1 α,IL-1 β,TNF-α,ICAM-1 in cornea of BMSCs group was substantially Lower than that of control group,while BMSCs group was substantially higher than control group on mRNA expression of PEDE TIMP1,TIMP2.Conclusions:BMSCs has inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and inflammatory response so that it is conducive to the healing of cornea alkali burn.
文摘AIM: To investigate anti-angiogenic effects of polysulfated heparin endostatin(PSH-ES) on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(NV) in rabbits.METHODS: An alkali burn was made on rabbit corneas to induce corneal NV in the right eye of 24 rabbits. One day after burn creation, a 0.2 m L subconjunctival injection of 50 μg/m L PSH-ES, 50 μg/m L recombinant endostatin(ES), or normal saline was administered every other day for a total of 14d(7 injections). Histology and immunohistochemisty were used to examine corneas.Corneal NV growth was evaluated as microvessel quantity and corneal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression was measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS: Subconjunctival injection of ES and PSHES resulted in significant corneal NV suppression, but PSH-ES had a more powerful anti-angiogenic effect than ES. Mean VEGF concentration in PSH-ES treated corneas was significantly lower than in ES treated and saline treated corneas. Histological examination showed that corneas treated with either PSH-ES or ES had significantly fewer microvessels than eyes treated with saline. Additionally corneas treated with PSH-ES had significantly fewer microvessels than corneas treated with ES.CONCLUSION: Both PSH-ES and recombinant ES effectively inhibit corneal NV induced by alkali burn.However, PSH-ES is a more powerful anti-angiogenic agent than ES. This research has the potential to provide a new treatment option for preventing and treating corneal NV.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of doxycycline intervention on the apoptosis as well as the IL-1, TNF-α and HIF-1α expression in cornea and aqueous humor in rats with corneal alkali burn.Methods: Male SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into control group, alkali burn group and doxycycline group, corneal alkali burn models were established by sodium hydroxide eye drop and then they received doxycycline eye drops intervention. The expression of apoptosis molecules, inflammatory response cytokines and angiogenesis moleculesin the cornea as well as the expression of inflammatory response cytokines and angiogenesis molecules in aqueous humor were detected 14 and 28 d after model establishment.Results: 14 and 28 d after model establishment, Bcl-2 and PEDF protein expression in cornea tissue of alkali burn group were significantly lower than those of control group while Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, IL-1, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression were significantly higher than those of control group;Bcl-2 and PEDF protein expression in cornea tissue of doxycycline group were significantly higher than those of alkali burn group while Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, IL-1, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression were significantly lower than those of alkali burn group.Conclusion: Doxycycline for corneal alkali burn intervention can inhibit the apoptosis, inflammatory response and angiogenesis.
文摘Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.
基金Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1906202)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan (Nos.Guike AA18242007-3, Guike AB19259008, and Guike AB20297014)。
文摘Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete.An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high hydrophilicity,acrylic acid (AA) containing anionic carboxylic group and acrylamide (AM) containing non-ionic amide group as the main raw materials.The results show that the ratio of CAA-ICA alkali absorption solution is higher than that existing ICA,which solves the low water absorption ratio of the ICA in alkali environment.The water absorption ratio of CAA-ICA in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) solution is 95.8 g·g^(-1),and the alkali tolerance coefficient is 3.4.The application of CAA-ICA in cement-based materials can increase the internal relative humidity and miniaturize the pore structure.The compressive strength of mortar increases up to 12.95%at 28 d,which provids a solution to overcome the reduction of the early strength.
文摘Background: Early excision and grafting has been the preferred method of managing major burns around the world since 1970. Considering the advances in health care and the development of new antibiotics over the past 50 years, delayed grafting as a technique for the management of burns over 15%-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) could have comparable results to that of early excision. This study aims to highlight the outcomes of practicing delayed grafting in burn patients. Methods: A case series analysis was performed of 51 patients who were admitted to the burns unit in Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah with over 20% TBSA between January 2014 and December 2019. The patients received prophylactic antibiotics and silver sulphadiazine dressing until the burn eschar had completely separated, followed by grafting. Results: Two patients were lost during the entire duration of the study. The mortality rate was comparable to that of early excision, while the rate of hypertrophic scarring was lower than the range reported by other studies. Conclusion: In the management of patients with over 20% TBSA, delayed grafting after complete separation of eschar is still a valid technique.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a rare,rapidly progressive and often fatal fungal infection.The rarity of the condition lends itself to unfamiliarity,delayed treatment,and poor outcomes.Diagnosis of fungal infections early enough to enable appropriate treatment occurs in less than half of affected patients.CASE SUMMARY An 11-year-old girl with a history of 15%total body surface area scald burns involving both lower limbs progressed to develop angioinvasive mucormycosis.This further led to a thrombosis of the right external iliac artery and vein and rapidly progressive necrosis of surrounding soft tissues.She also had dextrocardia and patent foramen ovale.A right hip disarticulation and serial aggressive debridements were performed but she went on to develop systemic sepsis with multisystem involvement and succumbed to the infection.Pathology revealed mucor species with extensive vascular invasion.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of maintaining vigilance for mycotic infections and acting appropriately when there are signs of fulminant wound infection.
文摘Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.
文摘In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of hydrogen(H2) on Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1) activation in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. METHODS: In each rat, one cornea was subjected to alkali exposure. Physiological saline(saline group) or H2-dissolved saline(H2 group) was instilled continuously on the cornea for 5 min before and after alkali exposure. Inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and cytoplasmic SOD1 levels were evaluated immunohistochemically in enucleated eyes from both groups. Three-dimensional ultrastructural tissue changes in the eyes were analyzed using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: The numbers of both inflammatory and vascular endothelial cells were significantly reduced in the corneas of the H2 group(P<0.01). Furthermore, H2 treatment increased both cytoplasmic SOD1 levels(P<0.01) and activity in corneal epithelial cells(P<0.01). Notably, the SOD1 activity level in the H2 group was approximately 2.5-fold greater than that in the saline group.CONCLUSION: H2 treatment suppresses inflammation and neovascularization in the injured cornea and indirectly suppresses oxidative insult to the cornea by upregulating the SOD1 enzyme protein level and activity.
基金Supported by the Military Medical Science and Technology General Project During the 12thFive-Year Plan Period(No.CWS11J239)Autonomous Region of Xinjiang the Mandatory Project of Science and Technology(No.201491171)
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the changes in ultrastructure and histopathology of the cornea in acute corneal alkaline burns after femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty.·METHODS: The New Zealand white rabbits treated with alkaline corneal burn were randomized into two groups,Group A(16 eyes) with femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty 24 h after burn and Group B(16 eyes)without keratoplasty as controls. All eyes were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy(TEM) at 1, 2, 3,and 4wk follow-up, then all corneas were tested by hematoxylin and eosin staining histology.· RESULTS: The corneal grafts in Group A were transparent, while those in Group B showed corneal stromal edema and loosely arranged collagen fibers. One week after treatment, TEM revealed the intercellular desmosomes in the epithelial layers and intact non-dissolving nuclei in Group A. At week 4, the center of the corneas in Group A was transparent with regularly arranged collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the stroma. In Group B, squamous cells were observed on the corneal surface and some epithelial cells were detached.· CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty can suppress inflammatory responses, prevent toxic substance-induced injury to the corneal endothelium and inner tissues with quicker recovery and better visual outcomes.
