Alkaline soils have a great influence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of tolerance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hy...Alkaline soils have a great influence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of tolerance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hydroponics culturing to test 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks after treatment with 1:1 Na2CO3 and Na HCO3. When compared with the normally grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage(EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased. Changes in root activity(up or down), as well as the activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) were rootstock-dependent, possibly reflecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index(AI), adversity resistance coefficients(ARC), cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classified these 17 genotypes into three groups:(1) high tolerance: Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi;(2) moderate tolerance: Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or(3) low tolerance: Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results will significantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress.展开更多
Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield o...Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.展开更多
The potted Leymus chinensis seedlings were treated with saline-alkali solution of six different(from I to VI) concentrations. The results demonstrate that the betaine content and Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH: E...The potted Leymus chinensis seedlings were treated with saline-alkali solution of six different(from I to VI) concentrations. The results demonstrate that the betaine content and Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH: EC 1.2.1.8) activities have a direct relation with increased stressing time in the same treatment; both exhibit a single peak with increasing the concentration of saline-alkali solution, and number V shows the highest value. The BADH gene of Leymus chinensis was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE technology and was designated as LcBADH. The cDNA sequence of LcBADH was 1774bp including the open reading frame(ORF) of 1521bp(coding 506 amino acids). The vector of prokaryotic expression was constructed by inserting the LcBADH gene fragment into pET30a(+) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The result of SDS-PAGE shows that the idio-protein with a molecular mass of 56.78 kDa was effectively expressed in the recombinant bacteria induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG).展开更多
Neutral black soil was mixed with strong saline-alkali soil in different weight ratios,then physiological indexes during seed germination and seedling growth in soil of different ratios and the corresponding leaching ...Neutral black soil was mixed with strong saline-alkali soil in different weight ratios,then physiological indexes during seed germination and seedling growth in soil of different ratios and the corresponding leaching liquor treatments were observed to explore effect of saline-alkali stress on oat seed germination and seedling growth,and analyze tolerance of oat to saline-alkali soil.The results showed that germination ability of oat seeds reduced with the increasing salinealkali stress,salt injury index increased and seedling growth was inhibited.Effect of different saline-alkali stresses on germination ability of oat seeds showed difference,and effect of leaching liquor treatment on oat seed germination was stronger than that of soil treatment.展开更多
Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia ...Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia (alkali-tolerant) and Malus hupehensis (alkali-sensitive), were compared. To understand alkali tolerance of M. prunifolia at the molecular level, transcriptome analysis was performed. When plants were cultured in alkaline conditions for 15 d, the root growth of M. hupehensis with weak alkali tolerance decreased significantly. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels showed that the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in M. hupehensis under alkali stress were lower than those in the control. However, the trend for IAA and ZR in M. prunifolia was the opposite. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots of the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress increased, but the concentration of ABA in the roots of M. prunifolia was higher than that in M. hupehensis. The expression of IAA-related genes ARF5, GH3.6, SAUR36, and SAUR32 and the Cytokinin (CTK)-related gene IPT5 in M. prunifolia was higher than those in the control, but the expression of these genes in M. hupehensis was lower than those in the control. The expression of ABA-related genes CIPK1 and AHK1 increased in the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress, but the expression of CIPK1 and AHK1 in M. prunifolia was higher than in M. hupehensis. These results demonstrated that under alkali stress, the increase of IAA, ZR, and ABA in roots and the increase of the expression of related genes promoted the growth of roots and improved the alkali tolerance of apple rootstocks.展开更多
Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. Two neutral(Na Cl and Na2SO4) and two alkali(Na HCO3 and Na2CO3) salts were selected to investigate their effects on germination a...Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. Two neutral(Na Cl and Na2SO4) and two alkali(Na HCO3 and Na2CO3) salts were selected to investigate their effects on germination and recovery responses in Reaumuria soongorica. Results show that both salt types significantly reduced germination and radicle elongation. The rate of germination and emergence of R. soongorica seeds continuously decreased as salinity increased, and the time to achieve maximum germination rate was delayed. The speed of seed germination dropped rapidly as salt concentration increased.Alkaline salts restricted the germination rate of R. soongorica seeds, and stresses resulting from alkaline salts and high concentrations of neutral salts resulted in many deformed seedlings. The length of the radicle and germ decreased with increasing salt concentration, but certain concentrations of salt and increased p H promoted germ growth. The results of regression analysis show that salt concentration was the dominant factor inhibiting R. soongorica seed germination rate. Salinity, buffering capacity, and p H all affected embryo growth, but salinity had the most pronounced effect. Seed viability under highly saline conditions appears to be a better indicator of adaptation to saline environments than seed germination under saline conditions.展开更多
Under artificially-simulated complex salt-alkali stress, the levels of active oxygen metabolism in roots were studied using three-year-old cutting seedlings of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound' and Spiraea &...Under artificially-simulated complex salt-alkali stress, the levels of active oxygen metabolism in roots were studied using three-year-old cutting seedlings of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound' and Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame'. The present study aimed at exploring the antioxidant capacity in roots of spiraeas and revealing their adaptability to salt-alkali stress. Results indicate that the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates and MDA contents in roots of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound' and Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' show an increasing tendency with the increases of the salinity and pH value, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) all increased firstly and then decreased. With the increase in intensity of salt-alkali stress, the CAT activity in roots of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' is higher and the increasing extents in the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates as well as MDA contents are lower compared with Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound', indicating that Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' has a stronger antioxidant capacity.展开更多
With seeds of Caragana versicolor in Purang County, Tibet as the materials, the seed germination and seedling growth of C. versicolor were measured under acid and alkali stress, and the soil acidity and alkalinity for...With seeds of Caragana versicolor in Purang County, Tibet as the materials, the seed germination and seedling growth of C. versicolor were measured under acid and alkali stress, and the soil acidity and alkalinity for normal growth and development of C. versicolor were determined, so as to provide the theoretical basis for cultivation of C. versicolor in acidified or alkaline soil. The results showed that the seed germination of C. versicolor was promoted when treated by strong acid (pH 3) and strong alkali (pH 11) solutions, and the seedling effect was good. The results also indicated that C. versicolor was a kind of plant with strong acid and alkali resistance, suitable for cultivation in acid and alkali soil areas.展开更多
The research aimed to analyze changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii under saline-alkali stress, and annual seedlings of P. ludlowii were taken as the materials. Photoresponse process of P. ludl...The research aimed to analyze changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii under saline-alkali stress, and annual seedlings of P. ludlowii were taken as the materials. Photoresponse process of P. ludlowii leaves under saline-alkali stress was simulated, and different models were used to fit photoresponse curve. The results showed that P n of P. ludlowii leaves showed the trend of first rising and then declining with PAR increased under saline-alkali stress;both G s and T r showed a rising trend with PAR increased;C i showed the trend of first declining and then rising with PAR increased. Photoresponse curve fitted by modified rectangular hyperbolic model had the best effect, and it was the optimal fitting model. P. ludlowii could adapt to saline-alkali stress in lower concentration, showing that P. ludlowii could be introduced and cultivated in saline-alkali land at a lower level.展开更多
Alkali stress is a major constraint for crop production in many regions of saline-alkali land.However,little is known about the mechanisms through which wheat responds to alkali stress.In this study,we identified a ca...Alkali stress is a major constraint for crop production in many regions of saline-alkali land.However,little is known about the mechanisms through which wheat responds to alkali stress.In this study,we identified a calcium ion-binding protein from wheat,TaCCD1,which is critical for regulating the plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase-mediated alkali stress response.PM H+-ATPase activity is closely related to alkali tolerance in the wheat variety Shanrong 4(SR4).We found that two D-clade type 2C protein phosphatases,TaPP2C.D1 and TaPP2C.D8(TaPP2C.D1/8),negatively modulate alkali stress tolerance by dephosphorylating the penultimate threonine residue(Thr926)of TaHA2 and thereby inhibiting PM H+-ATPase activity.Alkali stress induces the expression of TaCCD1 in SR4,and TaCCD1 interacts with TaSAUR215,an early auxin-responsive protein.These responses are both dependent on calcium signaling triggered by alkali stress.TaCCD1 enhances the inhibitory effect of TaSAUR215 on TaPP2C.D1/8 activity,thereby promoting the activity of the PM H^(+)-ATPase TaHA2 and alkali stress tolerance in wheat.Functional and genetic analyses verified the effects of these genes in response to alkali stress,indicating that TaPP2C.D1/8 function downstream of TaSAUR215 and TaCCD1.Collectively,this study uncovers a new signaling pathway that regulates wheat responses to alkali stress,in which Ca^(2+)-dependent TaCCD1 cooperates with TaSAUR215 to enhance PM H+-ATPase activity and alkali stress tolerance by inhibiting TaPP2C.D1/8-mediated dephosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase TaHA2 in wheat.展开更多
Plant Dna JA proteins act as molecular chaperones in response to environmental stressors.The purpose of this study was to characterize the function and regulatory mechanisms of Dna JA genes in soybean.Gene expression ...Plant Dna JA proteins act as molecular chaperones in response to environmental stressors.The purpose of this study was to characterize the function and regulatory mechanisms of Dna JA genes in soybean.Gene expression profiles in various soybean tissues at various stages of development indicated that Gm Dna JAs function in the coordination of stress and plant hormone responses.Gm Dna JA6 was identified as a candidate regulator of saline and alkaline stress resistance and Gm Dna JA6 overexpression lines showed increased soybean saline and alkaline tolerance.Dna J interacted with Hsp70,and Gm Hsp70 increased the saline and alkaline tolerance of plants with chimeric soybean hairy roots.展开更多
Nitraria sibirica Pall.is an important shrub with a strong salt-alkali tolerance,but the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains obscure.In this study,N.sibirica,with salt-sensitive Vigna radiata(Linn.)Wilczek as ...Nitraria sibirica Pall.is an important shrub with a strong salt-alkali tolerance,but the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains obscure.In this study,N.sibirica,with salt-sensitive Vigna radiata(Linn.)Wilczek as the control,was subjected to transient salt stress(100 mM NaCl),alkali stress(50 mM Na_(2)CO_(3)),and osmotic stress(175 mM mannitol).The ionic fluxes of Na^(+)and K^(+)in the root apical region were measured.Results show that,under salt and alkali stress,N.sibirica roots exhibited higher capacities to limit Na+influx and reduce K+efflux,thereby resulting in lower Na^(+)/K^(+)ratios compared with V.radiata roots.Alkali stress induced stronger Na^(+)influx and K+efflux in the root salt stress treatment;Na^(+)influx was mainly observed in the root cap,while K^(+)efflux was mainly observed in the elongation zone.While under osmotic stress,N.sibirica roots showed stronger Na+efflux and weaker K+efflux than V.radiata roots.Na+efflux was mainly observed in the root elongation zone,while K+efflux was in the root cap.These results reveal the ionic strategy of N.sibirica in response to transient salt,alkali,and osmotic stresses through the regulation of Na+/K+flux homeostasis.展开更多
Saline-alkaline stress can dramatically inhibit plant growth and limit crop production. Wild soybean(Glycine soja) is a crop that adapts well to such environmental stresses. In this study, RNA-sequencing technology wa...Saline-alkaline stress can dramatically inhibit plant growth and limit crop production. Wild soybean(Glycine soja) is a crop that adapts well to such environmental stresses. In this study, RNA-sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptome profiles of G. soja roots subjected to 50 mmol · L^(-1) NaHCO_3 and 150 mmol ·L^(-1) NaCl treatments. Totally, 2 125 differentially-expressed genes(DEGs) after NaCl treatment and 1 839 DEGs after NaHCO_3 treatment were identified. The top 14 DEGs revealed by RNAseq were analyzed using qRT-PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Gene ontology(GO) annotation showed tha most of DEGs under salt and alkali stresses were enriched in "metabolic process", "catalytic activity" and "binding" terms. To search for transcription factors(TFs) among DEGs, the data were screened against TF database PlantTFDB, and it was found that five TF families, Apetala2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins(AP2-EREBP), V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB), WRKYGQK and Zinc finger motif(WRKY), NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC1/2(NAC) and Cys2/His2(C2H2) were involved in sal stress response. Other five TF families, NAC, WRKY, MYB, AP2-EREBP and bZIP were involved in response to alkali stress. These two stress treatments shared NAC, WRKY, AP2-EREBP and MYB, and the only two different TFs were bZIP and C2H2. Forty-eigh MYB TFs were differentially expressed under salt and alkali stresses, and most of them were up-regulated. This study provided usefu information for further investigation of DEGs and TFs in response to saline and alkaline stresses and helped in understanding the molecular basis of the response of G. soja to saline and alkaline stresses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401830)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (QN2011006)the Talent Special Fund of Northwest A&F University, China (Z111020904)
文摘Alkaline soils have a great influence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of tolerance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hydroponics culturing to test 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks after treatment with 1:1 Na2CO3 and Na HCO3. When compared with the normally grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage(EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased. Changes in root activity(up or down), as well as the activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) were rootstock-dependent, possibly reflecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index(AI), adversity resistance coefficients(ARC), cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classified these 17 genotypes into three groups:(1) high tolerance: Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi;(2) moderate tolerance: Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or(3) low tolerance: Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results will significantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060174,30660084)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2010ZD07,200607010301)+1 种基金the Technology System of Agricultural Industry of China(CARS-08-B-5)the Item of Science Innovation Team of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(NDTD2010-8)
文摘Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos30590382 and 30570273)
文摘The potted Leymus chinensis seedlings were treated with saline-alkali solution of six different(from I to VI) concentrations. The results demonstrate that the betaine content and Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase(BADH: EC 1.2.1.8) activities have a direct relation with increased stressing time in the same treatment; both exhibit a single peak with increasing the concentration of saline-alkali solution, and number V shows the highest value. The BADH gene of Leymus chinensis was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE technology and was designated as LcBADH. The cDNA sequence of LcBADH was 1774bp including the open reading frame(ORF) of 1521bp(coding 506 amino acids). The vector of prokaryotic expression was constructed by inserting the LcBADH gene fragment into pET30a(+) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The result of SDS-PAGE shows that the idio-protein with a molecular mass of 56.78 kDa was effectively expressed in the recombinant bacteria induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG).
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31200419)Science and Technology Foundation of Jilin Education Department(2015-366)
文摘Neutral black soil was mixed with strong saline-alkali soil in different weight ratios,then physiological indexes during seed germination and seedling growth in soil of different ratios and the corresponding leaching liquor treatments were observed to explore effect of saline-alkali stress on oat seed germination and seedling growth,and analyze tolerance of oat to saline-alkali soil.The results showed that germination ability of oat seeds reduced with the increasing salinealkali stress,salt injury index increased and seedling growth was inhibited.Effect of different saline-alkali stresses on germination ability of oat seeds showed difference,and effect of leaching liquor treatment on oat seed germination was stronger than that of soil treatment.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)
文摘Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia (alkali-tolerant) and Malus hupehensis (alkali-sensitive), were compared. To understand alkali tolerance of M. prunifolia at the molecular level, transcriptome analysis was performed. When plants were cultured in alkaline conditions for 15 d, the root growth of M. hupehensis with weak alkali tolerance decreased significantly. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels showed that the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in M. hupehensis under alkali stress were lower than those in the control. However, the trend for IAA and ZR in M. prunifolia was the opposite. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots of the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress increased, but the concentration of ABA in the roots of M. prunifolia was higher than that in M. hupehensis. The expression of IAA-related genes ARF5, GH3.6, SAUR36, and SAUR32 and the Cytokinin (CTK)-related gene IPT5 in M. prunifolia was higher than those in the control, but the expression of these genes in M. hupehensis was lower than those in the control. The expression of ABA-related genes CIPK1 and AHK1 increased in the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress, but the expression of CIPK1 and AHK1 in M. prunifolia was higher than in M. hupehensis. These results demonstrated that under alkali stress, the increase of IAA, ZR, and ABA in roots and the increase of the expression of related genes promoted the growth of roots and improved the alkali tolerance of apple rootstocks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41401043, 91125025)
文摘Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. Two neutral(Na Cl and Na2SO4) and two alkali(Na HCO3 and Na2CO3) salts were selected to investigate their effects on germination and recovery responses in Reaumuria soongorica. Results show that both salt types significantly reduced germination and radicle elongation. The rate of germination and emergence of R. soongorica seeds continuously decreased as salinity increased, and the time to achieve maximum germination rate was delayed. The speed of seed germination dropped rapidly as salt concentration increased.Alkaline salts restricted the germination rate of R. soongorica seeds, and stresses resulting from alkaline salts and high concentrations of neutral salts resulted in many deformed seedlings. The length of the radicle and germ decreased with increasing salt concentration, but certain concentrations of salt and increased p H promoted germ growth. The results of regression analysis show that salt concentration was the dominant factor inhibiting R. soongorica seed germination rate. Salinity, buffering capacity, and p H all affected embryo growth, but salinity had the most pronounced effect. Seed viability under highly saline conditions appears to be a better indicator of adaptation to saline environments than seed germination under saline conditions.
基金supported by Innovation Team Project of Northeast Agricultural University of P. R. China (CXZ004-3)Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C2007-16)
文摘Under artificially-simulated complex salt-alkali stress, the levels of active oxygen metabolism in roots were studied using three-year-old cutting seedlings of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound' and Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame'. The present study aimed at exploring the antioxidant capacity in roots of spiraeas and revealing their adaptability to salt-alkali stress. Results indicate that the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates and MDA contents in roots of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound' and Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' show an increasing tendency with the increases of the salinity and pH value, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) all increased firstly and then decreased. With the increase in intensity of salt-alkali stress, the CAT activity in roots of Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' is higher and the increasing extents in the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates as well as MDA contents are lower compared with Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Mound', indicating that Spiraea × bumalda 'Gold Flame' has a stronger antioxidant capacity.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program(2016YFC0502006)Major Science and Technology Projects of Tibet(Z2016C01G01/02)Opening Fund for Joint Laboratory of Ecological Security in Tibet(STX2018-15)
文摘With seeds of Caragana versicolor in Purang County, Tibet as the materials, the seed germination and seedling growth of C. versicolor were measured under acid and alkali stress, and the soil acidity and alkalinity for normal growth and development of C. versicolor were determined, so as to provide the theoretical basis for cultivation of C. versicolor in acidified or alkaline soil. The results showed that the seed germination of C. versicolor was promoted when treated by strong acid (pH 3) and strong alkali (pH 11) solutions, and the seedling effect was good. The results also indicated that C. versicolor was a kind of plant with strong acid and alkali resistance, suitable for cultivation in acid and alkali soil areas.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0502006)Major Science and Technology Projects of Tibet(Z2016C01G01/02)
文摘The research aimed to analyze changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii under saline-alkali stress, and annual seedlings of P. ludlowii were taken as the materials. Photoresponse process of P. ludlowii leaves under saline-alkali stress was simulated, and different models were used to fit photoresponse curve. The results showed that P n of P. ludlowii leaves showed the trend of first rising and then declining with PAR increased under saline-alkali stress;both G s and T r showed a rising trend with PAR increased;C i showed the trend of first declining and then rising with PAR increased. Photoresponse curve fitted by modified rectangular hyperbolic model had the best effect, and it was the optimal fitting model. P. ludlowii could adapt to saline-alkali stress in lower concentration, showing that P. ludlowii could be introduced and cultivated in saline-alkali land at a lower level.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020JQ14 and ZR2019ZD16)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872864,32171935,31722038,31720103910,and U1906202)+2 种基金the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province(2022LZGC002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201700)the Project for Scientific Research Innovation Team of Young Scholar in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(2020KJE002).
文摘Alkali stress is a major constraint for crop production in many regions of saline-alkali land.However,little is known about the mechanisms through which wheat responds to alkali stress.In this study,we identified a calcium ion-binding protein from wheat,TaCCD1,which is critical for regulating the plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase-mediated alkali stress response.PM H+-ATPase activity is closely related to alkali tolerance in the wheat variety Shanrong 4(SR4).We found that two D-clade type 2C protein phosphatases,TaPP2C.D1 and TaPP2C.D8(TaPP2C.D1/8),negatively modulate alkali stress tolerance by dephosphorylating the penultimate threonine residue(Thr926)of TaHA2 and thereby inhibiting PM H+-ATPase activity.Alkali stress induces the expression of TaCCD1 in SR4,and TaCCD1 interacts with TaSAUR215,an early auxin-responsive protein.These responses are both dependent on calcium signaling triggered by alkali stress.TaCCD1 enhances the inhibitory effect of TaSAUR215 on TaPP2C.D1/8 activity,thereby promoting the activity of the PM H^(+)-ATPase TaHA2 and alkali stress tolerance in wheat.Functional and genetic analyses verified the effects of these genes in response to alkali stress,indicating that TaPP2C.D1/8 function downstream of TaSAUR215 and TaCCD1.Collectively,this study uncovers a new signaling pathway that regulates wheat responses to alkali stress,in which Ca^(2+)-dependent TaCCD1 cooperates with TaSAUR215 to enhance PM H+-ATPase activity and alkali stress tolerance by inhibiting TaPP2C.D1/8-mediated dephosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase TaHA2 in wheat.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(TD2022C003,JJ2022YX0475)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201104-02-02,2021YFF1001202)+1 种基金Backbone of Young Talent Scholar Project of Northeast Agricultural University(to Ying Zhao)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2027,31971899,32272093,32272072)。
文摘Plant Dna JA proteins act as molecular chaperones in response to environmental stressors.The purpose of this study was to characterize the function and regulatory mechanisms of Dna JA genes in soybean.Gene expression profiles in various soybean tissues at various stages of development indicated that Gm Dna JAs function in the coordination of stress and plant hormone responses.Gm Dna JA6 was identified as a candidate regulator of saline and alkaline stress resistance and Gm Dna JA6 overexpression lines showed increased soybean saline and alkaline tolerance.Dna J interacted with Hsp70,and Gm Hsp70 increased the saline and alkaline tolerance of plants with chimeric soybean hairy roots.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2019D01C069)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang University(No.62031224614)。
文摘Nitraria sibirica Pall.is an important shrub with a strong salt-alkali tolerance,but the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains obscure.In this study,N.sibirica,with salt-sensitive Vigna radiata(Linn.)Wilczek as the control,was subjected to transient salt stress(100 mM NaCl),alkali stress(50 mM Na_(2)CO_(3)),and osmotic stress(175 mM mannitol).The ionic fluxes of Na^(+)and K^(+)in the root apical region were measured.Results show that,under salt and alkali stress,N.sibirica roots exhibited higher capacities to limit Na+influx and reduce K+efflux,thereby resulting in lower Na^(+)/K^(+)ratios compared with V.radiata roots.Alkali stress induced stronger Na^(+)influx and K+efflux in the root salt stress treatment;Na^(+)influx was mainly observed in the root cap,while K^(+)efflux was mainly observed in the elongation zone.While under osmotic stress,N.sibirica roots showed stronger Na+efflux and weaker K+efflux than V.radiata roots.Na+efflux was mainly observed in the root elongation zone,while K+efflux was in the root cap.These results reveal the ionic strategy of N.sibirica in response to transient salt,alkali,and osmotic stresses through the regulation of Na+/K+flux homeostasis.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(31771692)Major Project on Breeding of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms(2011ZX08004-002)
文摘Saline-alkaline stress can dramatically inhibit plant growth and limit crop production. Wild soybean(Glycine soja) is a crop that adapts well to such environmental stresses. In this study, RNA-sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptome profiles of G. soja roots subjected to 50 mmol · L^(-1) NaHCO_3 and 150 mmol ·L^(-1) NaCl treatments. Totally, 2 125 differentially-expressed genes(DEGs) after NaCl treatment and 1 839 DEGs after NaHCO_3 treatment were identified. The top 14 DEGs revealed by RNAseq were analyzed using qRT-PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Gene ontology(GO) annotation showed tha most of DEGs under salt and alkali stresses were enriched in "metabolic process", "catalytic activity" and "binding" terms. To search for transcription factors(TFs) among DEGs, the data were screened against TF database PlantTFDB, and it was found that five TF families, Apetala2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins(AP2-EREBP), V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB), WRKYGQK and Zinc finger motif(WRKY), NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC1/2(NAC) and Cys2/His2(C2H2) were involved in sal stress response. Other five TF families, NAC, WRKY, MYB, AP2-EREBP and bZIP were involved in response to alkali stress. These two stress treatments shared NAC, WRKY, AP2-EREBP and MYB, and the only two different TFs were bZIP and C2H2. Forty-eigh MYB TFs were differentially expressed under salt and alkali stresses, and most of them were up-regulated. This study provided usefu information for further investigation of DEGs and TFs in response to saline and alkaline stresses and helped in understanding the molecular basis of the response of G. soja to saline and alkaline stresses.
