Hybrid supercapacitors have shown great potentials to fulfill the demand of future diverse applications such as electric vehicles and portable/wearable electronics.In particular,aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors...Hybrid supercapacitors have shown great potentials to fulfill the demand of future diverse applications such as electric vehicles and portable/wearable electronics.In particular,aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)have gained much attention due to their low-cost,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.Nevertheless,typical ZHSCs use Zn metal anode and normal liquid electrolyte,causing the dendrite issue,restricted working temperature,and inferior device flexibility.Herein,a novel flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor(FZHSC)is developed by using activated carbon(AC)anode,δ-MnO_(2) cathode,and innovative PVA-based gel electrolyte.In this design,heavy Zn anode and its dendrite issue are avoided and layered cathode with large interlayer spacing is employed.In addition,flexible electrodes are prepared and integrated with an anti-freezing,stretchable,and compressible hydrogel electrolyte,which is attained by simultaneously using glycerol additive and freezing/thawing technique to regulate the hydrogen bond and microstructure.The resulting FZHSC exhibits good rate capability,high energy density(47.86 Wh kg^(−1);3.94 mWh cm^(−3)),high power density(5.81 kW kg^(−1);480 mW cm^(−3)),and excellent cycling stability(~91%capacity retention after 30000 cycles).Furthermore,our FZHSC demonstrates outstanding flexibility with capacitance almost unchanged even after various continuous shape deformations.The hydrogel electrolyte still maintains high ionic conductivity at ultralow temperatures(≤−30℃),enabling the FZHSC cycled well,and powering electronic timer robustly within an all-climate temperature range of−30~80℃.This work highlights that the promising Zn metal-free aqueous ZHSCs can be designed with great multifunctionality for more practical application scenarios.展开更多
Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have received considerable attention owing to the utilization of low-cost,non-flammable,and low-toxicity aqueous electrolytes thus could eliminate the safety and cost concerns,but their wid...Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have received considerable attention owing to the utilization of low-cost,non-flammable,and low-toxicity aqueous electrolytes thus could eliminate the safety and cost concerns,but their wide temperature range applications have generally suffered from frozen of electrolyte and insufficient ionic conductivity at low temperatures.Herein,we demonstrate the feasibility of using an unconventional Deep Eutectic Solvent(DES)based on H2O-Mg(ClO4)2·6 H2O binary system as electrolyte to construct all-climate aqueous carbon-based SC.This unconventional class DES completely base on inorganic substances and achieving simply mix inexpensive salts and water together at the right proportions.Attributed to the attractive feature of extremely low freeze temperature of-69℃,this electrolyte can enable the 1.8 V carbon-based SC to fully work at-40℃with outstanding cycling stability.This DES electrolyte comprising of a single salt and a single solvent without any additive will open up an avenue for developing simple and green electrolytes to construct all-climate SC.展开更多
A phosphorous-doped graphite felt(PGF) is fabricated and examined as electrode for vanadium flow battery(VFB). P doping improves the electrolyte wettability of GF and induces more defect sites on its surface, resultin...A phosphorous-doped graphite felt(PGF) is fabricated and examined as electrode for vanadium flow battery(VFB). P doping improves the electrolyte wettability of GF and induces more defect sites on its surface, resulting in significantly enhanced activity and reversibility towards VO2^+/VO2^+ and V^2+/V3^+couples. VFB with PGF electrode demonstrates outstanding performance such as high-rate capability under 50–400 mA cm^-2, wide-temperature tolerance at-20 °C–60 °C, and excellent durability over 1000 charge–discharge cycles. These merits enable PGF a promising electrode for the next-generation VFB,which can operate at high-power and all-climate conditions.展开更多
Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,espe...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,especially the decayed capacity under low temperature,are still critical challenges toward high-specific-capacity AIBs.Herein,we report a binder-free and freestanding metal-organic framework-derived FeS_(2)@C/carbon nanotube(FeS_(2)@C/CNT)as a novel all-climate cathode in AIBs working under a wide temperature window between−25 and 50℃ with exceptional flexibility.The resultant cathode not only drastically suppresses the side reaction and volu-metric expansion with high capacity and long-term stability but also greatly enhances the kinetic process in AIBs with remarkable rate capacity(above 151 mAh g^(−1) at 2 A g^(−1))at room temperature.More importantly,to break the bottleneck of the inherently low capacity in graphitic material-based all-climate AIBs,the new hierarchical conductive composite FeS_(2)@C/CNT highly promotes the all-climate performance and delivers as high as 117 mAh g^(−1) capacity even under−25°C.The well-designed metal sulfide electrode with remarkable performance paves a new way toward all-climate and flexible AIBs.展开更多
Aqueous Na-ion batteries have been extensively studied for large-scale energy storage systems. However,their wide application is still limited by their inferior cycle stability(<3000 cycles) and poor temperature to...Aqueous Na-ion batteries have been extensively studied for large-scale energy storage systems. However,their wide application is still limited by their inferior cycle stability(<3000 cycles) and poor temperature tolerance. Furthermore, many of the reported high rate behaviors are achieved at a low mass loading(<3 mg cm^(-2)) of the electrodes. Herein, we propose an aqueous Na-ion battery which includes a Ni-based Prussian blue(NiHCF) cathode, a carbonyl-based organic compound, 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone(PT)anode and a “water-in-salt” electrolyte(17 mol kg^(-1)NaClO_(4)in water). Its operation involves the reversible coordination reaction of the PT anode and the extraction/insertion of Na;in the NiHCF cathode. It is demonstrated that the wide internal spaces of the PT anode and NiHCF cathode can not only buffer the volumetric change induced by Na;storage, but also enable fast kinetics. The full cell exhibits a supercapacitor-like rate performance of 50 A g^(-1)(corresponding to a discharge or charge within 6.3 s)and a super-long lifespan of 15,000 cycles. Moreover, the excellent rate performance can still be preserved even with a high mass loading of the electrodes(15 mgNiHCFcm^(-2)and 8 mgPTcm^(-2)).Especially, the cell can work well in a wide temperature range, from-40 to 100 °C, showing a typical all-climate operation.展开更多
Over the past decade,the electric vehicle industry of China has developed rapidly,reaching one of the highest technological levels in the world.Nevertheless,most electric buses currently serve urban areas,being unsuit...Over the past decade,the electric vehicle industry of China has developed rapidly,reaching one of the highest technological levels in the world.Nevertheless,most electric buses currently serve urban areas,being unsuitable for all-climate operations.In response to the objective of massively adopting electric vehicles for transportation during all the events of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,a dual-motor coaxial propulsion system for all-climate electric vehicles is proposed.The system aims to meet operating requirements such as high speed and adaptability to mountainous roads under severely cold environments.The system provides three operating modes,whose characteristics are analyzed under different conditions.In addition,dual-motor collaborative control strategy with collaborative gearshift and collaborative power distribution is proposed to eliminate power interruption during gearshift process and achieve intelligent power distribution,thus improving the gearshift quality and reducing energy consumption.Finally,gear position calibration for all-climate operation and proper gearshift is introduced.Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed dual-motor coaxial propulsion system regard-ing gearshift compared with the conventional single-motor automatic transmission.展开更多
Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)is currently drawing increased attention as a sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)cathode due to the cost-effective and NASICON-type structure features.Owing to the sluggish electron an...Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)is currently drawing increased attention as a sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)cathode due to the cost-effective and NASICON-type structure features.Owing to the sluggish electron and Na~+conductivities,however,its real implementation is impeded by the grievous capacity decay and inferior rate capability.Herein,multivalent cation substituted microporous Na_(3.9)Fe_(2.9)Al_(0.1)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFAPP)with wide operation-temperature is elaborately designed through regulating structure/interface coupled electron/ion transport.Greatly,the derived Na vacancy and charge rearrangement induced by trivalent Al^(3+)substitution lower the ions diffusion barriers,thereby endowing faster electron transport and Na^(+)mobility.More importantly,the existing Al-O-P bonds strengthen the local environment and alleviate the volume vibration during(de)sodiation,enabling highly reversible valence variation and structural evolution.As a result,remarkable cyclability(over 10,000 loops),ultrafast rate capability(200 C),and exceptional all-climate stability(-40-60℃)in half/full cells are demonstrated.Given this,the rational work might provide an actionable strategy to promote the electrochemical property of NFPP,thus unveiling the great application prospect of sodium iron mixed phosphate materials.展开更多
Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirabl...Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirable intrinsic conductivity,it still suffers from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance.Herein,we synthesized NFPP/C composites with porous structure(p-NFPP)by a facile selfassembly strategy.Its well-developed pore structure can effectively reduce the ion diffusion path,accelerate electrolyte infiltration and accommodate volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.In addition,in-situ X-ray diffraction revealed the superior structural stability of p-NFPP.They enable a high reversible capacity(104.8 mAh g−1),and good rate performance(75.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1),and excellent cycling stability(a reversible capacity of 85.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles).More importantly,the p-NFPP realizes a stable operation in a wide temperature range of 55℃ to−10℃.This work highlights morphology engineering as a powerful strategy to boost the all-climate sodium storage performance of electrode materials.展开更多
Developing new energy vehicles has been a worldwide consensus,and developing new energy vehicles characterized by pure electric drive has been China's national strategy.After more than 20 years of high-quality dev...Developing new energy vehicles has been a worldwide consensus,and developing new energy vehicles characterized by pure electric drive has been China's national strategy.After more than 20 years of high-quality development of China's electric vehicles(EVs),a technological R&D layout of“Three Verticals and Three Horizontals”has been created,and technological advantages have been accumulated.As a result,China's new energy vehicle market has ranked first in the world since 2015.To systematically solve the key problems of battery electric vehicles(BEVs)such as“driving range anxiety,long battery charging time,and driving safety hazards”,China took the lead in putting forward a“system engineering-based technology system architecture for BEVs”and clarifying its connotation.This paper analyzes the research status and progress of the three core components of this architecture,namely,“BEV platform,charging/swapping station,and real-time operation monitoring platform”,and their key technological points.The three major demonstration projects of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,and the intelligent and connected autonomous battery electric bus project are discussed to specify the applications of BEVs in China.The key research directions for upgrading BEV technologies remain to be further improving the vehicle-level all-climate environmental adaptability and all-day safety of BEVs,systematically solving the charging problem of BEVs and improving their application convenience,and safeguarding safety with early warning and implementing active/passive safety protection for the whole life cycle of power batteries on the basis of BEVs'operation big data.BEVs have acquired new technological features such as intelligent and networked technology empowerment,extensive integration of control-by-wire systems,a platform of chassis hardware,and modularization of functional software.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072136,51972257,51872104,and 52172229)the Ningxia Key R&D Program(2019BFG02018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2021IVA115,2021IVA071).
文摘Hybrid supercapacitors have shown great potentials to fulfill the demand of future diverse applications such as electric vehicles and portable/wearable electronics.In particular,aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)have gained much attention due to their low-cost,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.Nevertheless,typical ZHSCs use Zn metal anode and normal liquid electrolyte,causing the dendrite issue,restricted working temperature,and inferior device flexibility.Herein,a novel flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor(FZHSC)is developed by using activated carbon(AC)anode,δ-MnO_(2) cathode,and innovative PVA-based gel electrolyte.In this design,heavy Zn anode and its dendrite issue are avoided and layered cathode with large interlayer spacing is employed.In addition,flexible electrodes are prepared and integrated with an anti-freezing,stretchable,and compressible hydrogel electrolyte,which is attained by simultaneously using glycerol additive and freezing/thawing technique to regulate the hydrogen bond and microstructure.The resulting FZHSC exhibits good rate capability,high energy density(47.86 Wh kg^(−1);3.94 mWh cm^(−3)),high power density(5.81 kW kg^(−1);480 mW cm^(−3)),and excellent cycling stability(~91%capacity retention after 30000 cycles).Furthermore,our FZHSC demonstrates outstanding flexibility with capacitance almost unchanged even after various continuous shape deformations.The hydrogel electrolyte still maintains high ionic conductivity at ultralow temperatures(≤−30℃),enabling the FZHSC cycled well,and powering electronic timer robustly within an all-climate temperature range of−30~80℃.This work highlights that the promising Zn metal-free aqueous ZHSCs can be designed with great multifunctionality for more practical application scenarios.
基金financially supported by the DNL Cooperation Fund,Chinese Academy of Sciences(DNL180307)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(18JR3RA159)。
文摘Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have received considerable attention owing to the utilization of low-cost,non-flammable,and low-toxicity aqueous electrolytes thus could eliminate the safety and cost concerns,but their wide temperature range applications have generally suffered from frozen of electrolyte and insufficient ionic conductivity at low temperatures.Herein,we demonstrate the feasibility of using an unconventional Deep Eutectic Solvent(DES)based on H2O-Mg(ClO4)2·6 H2O binary system as electrolyte to construct all-climate aqueous carbon-based SC.This unconventional class DES completely base on inorganic substances and achieving simply mix inexpensive salts and water together at the right proportions.Attributed to the attractive feature of extremely low freeze temperature of-69℃,this electrolyte can enable the 1.8 V carbon-based SC to fully work at-40℃with outstanding cycling stability.This DES electrolyte comprising of a single salt and a single solvent without any additive will open up an avenue for developing simple and green electrolytes to construct all-climate SC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576154)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(Nos.JCYJ20170818115018000,JCYJ20170307154206288,JCYJ20170412170756603)
文摘A phosphorous-doped graphite felt(PGF) is fabricated and examined as electrode for vanadium flow battery(VFB). P doping improves the electrolyte wettability of GF and induces more defect sites on its surface, resulting in significantly enhanced activity and reversibility towards VO2^+/VO2^+ and V^2+/V3^+couples. VFB with PGF electrode demonstrates outstanding performance such as high-rate capability under 50–400 mA cm^-2, wide-temperature tolerance at-20 °C–60 °C, and excellent durability over 1000 charge–discharge cycles. These merits enable PGF a promising electrode for the next-generation VFB,which can operate at high-power and all-climate conditions.
基金financial support for Australian Research Council through its Discovery and Linkage Programsperformed in part at Australian Microscopy&Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis,the University of Queensland(UQ)+3 种基金The authors also acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China(51901100 and 51871119)Jiangsu Provincial Founds for Natural Science Foundation(BK20180015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640481 and 2019T120426)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Fund(2019K003)。
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,especially the decayed capacity under low temperature,are still critical challenges toward high-specific-capacity AIBs.Herein,we report a binder-free and freestanding metal-organic framework-derived FeS_(2)@C/carbon nanotube(FeS_(2)@C/CNT)as a novel all-climate cathode in AIBs working under a wide temperature window between−25 and 50℃ with exceptional flexibility.The resultant cathode not only drastically suppresses the side reaction and volu-metric expansion with high capacity and long-term stability but also greatly enhances the kinetic process in AIBs with remarkable rate capacity(above 151 mAh g^(−1) at 2 A g^(−1))at room temperature.More importantly,to break the bottleneck of the inherently low capacity in graphitic material-based all-climate AIBs,the new hierarchical conductive composite FeS_(2)@C/CNT highly promotes the all-climate performance and delivers as high as 117 mAh g^(−1) capacity even under−25°C.The well-designed metal sulfide electrode with remarkable performance paves a new way toward all-climate and flexible AIBs.
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFA0203302 2018YFE0201702 and 2016YFB0901500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975052 21935003 and 21875045)Chenguang Program supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(19CG01)。
文摘Aqueous Na-ion batteries have been extensively studied for large-scale energy storage systems. However,their wide application is still limited by their inferior cycle stability(<3000 cycles) and poor temperature tolerance. Furthermore, many of the reported high rate behaviors are achieved at a low mass loading(<3 mg cm^(-2)) of the electrodes. Herein, we propose an aqueous Na-ion battery which includes a Ni-based Prussian blue(NiHCF) cathode, a carbonyl-based organic compound, 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone(PT)anode and a “water-in-salt” electrolyte(17 mol kg^(-1)NaClO_(4)in water). Its operation involves the reversible coordination reaction of the PT anode and the extraction/insertion of Na;in the NiHCF cathode. It is demonstrated that the wide internal spaces of the PT anode and NiHCF cathode can not only buffer the volumetric change induced by Na;storage, but also enable fast kinetics. The full cell exhibits a supercapacitor-like rate performance of 50 A g^(-1)(corresponding to a discharge or charge within 6.3 s)and a super-long lifespan of 15,000 cycles. Moreover, the excellent rate performance can still be preserved even with a high mass loading of the electrodes(15 mgNiHCFcm^(-2)and 8 mgPTcm^(-2)).Especially, the cell can work well in a wide temperature range, from-40 to 100 °C, showing a typical all-climate operation.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51975049in part by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2017YFB0103801.
文摘Over the past decade,the electric vehicle industry of China has developed rapidly,reaching one of the highest technological levels in the world.Nevertheless,most electric buses currently serve urban areas,being unsuitable for all-climate operations.In response to the objective of massively adopting electric vehicles for transportation during all the events of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,a dual-motor coaxial propulsion system for all-climate electric vehicles is proposed.The system aims to meet operating requirements such as high speed and adaptability to mountainous roads under severely cold environments.The system provides three operating modes,whose characteristics are analyzed under different conditions.In addition,dual-motor collaborative control strategy with collaborative gearshift and collaborative power distribution is proposed to eliminate power interruption during gearshift process and achieve intelligent power distribution,thus improving the gearshift quality and reducing energy consumption.Finally,gear position calibration for all-climate operation and proper gearshift is introduced.Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed dual-motor coaxial propulsion system regard-ing gearshift compared with the conventional single-motor automatic transmission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325405,52261135632,and U21A20284)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(QKHZC[2020]2Y037)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2023XQLH070,2023XQLH069)the U19 station in the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(NSRL)。
文摘Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)is currently drawing increased attention as a sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)cathode due to the cost-effective and NASICON-type structure features.Owing to the sluggish electron and Na~+conductivities,however,its real implementation is impeded by the grievous capacity decay and inferior rate capability.Herein,multivalent cation substituted microporous Na_(3.9)Fe_(2.9)Al_(0.1)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFAPP)with wide operation-temperature is elaborately designed through regulating structure/interface coupled electron/ion transport.Greatly,the derived Na vacancy and charge rearrangement induced by trivalent Al^(3+)substitution lower the ions diffusion barriers,thereby endowing faster electron transport and Na^(+)mobility.More importantly,the existing Al-O-P bonds strengthen the local environment and alleviate the volume vibration during(de)sodiation,enabling highly reversible valence variation and structural evolution.As a result,remarkable cyclability(over 10,000 loops),ultrafast rate capability(200 C),and exceptional all-climate stability(-40-60℃)in half/full cells are demonstrated.Given this,the rational work might provide an actionable strategy to promote the electrochemical property of NFPP,thus unveiling the great application prospect of sodium iron mixed phosphate materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202286,22309002,52250710680,and 52171217)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY24B030006)+4 种基金High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China(G2023016009L)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C01232,and 2024C01057)Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(G20220016)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2022032)the Faraday Institution NEXGENNA project(FIRG064)for financial support。
文摘Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirable intrinsic conductivity,it still suffers from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance.Herein,we synthesized NFPP/C composites with porous structure(p-NFPP)by a facile selfassembly strategy.Its well-developed pore structure can effectively reduce the ion diffusion path,accelerate electrolyte infiltration and accommodate volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.In addition,in-situ X-ray diffraction revealed the superior structural stability of p-NFPP.They enable a high reversible capacity(104.8 mAh g−1),and good rate performance(75.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1),and excellent cycling stability(a reversible capacity of 85.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles).More importantly,the p-NFPP realizes a stable operation in a wide temperature range of 55℃ to−10℃.This work highlights morphology engineering as a powerful strategy to boost the all-climate sodium storage performance of electrode materials.
文摘Developing new energy vehicles has been a worldwide consensus,and developing new energy vehicles characterized by pure electric drive has been China's national strategy.After more than 20 years of high-quality development of China's electric vehicles(EVs),a technological R&D layout of“Three Verticals and Three Horizontals”has been created,and technological advantages have been accumulated.As a result,China's new energy vehicle market has ranked first in the world since 2015.To systematically solve the key problems of battery electric vehicles(BEVs)such as“driving range anxiety,long battery charging time,and driving safety hazards”,China took the lead in putting forward a“system engineering-based technology system architecture for BEVs”and clarifying its connotation.This paper analyzes the research status and progress of the three core components of this architecture,namely,“BEV platform,charging/swapping station,and real-time operation monitoring platform”,and their key technological points.The three major demonstration projects of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics,and the intelligent and connected autonomous battery electric bus project are discussed to specify the applications of BEVs in China.The key research directions for upgrading BEV technologies remain to be further improving the vehicle-level all-climate environmental adaptability and all-day safety of BEVs,systematically solving the charging problem of BEVs and improving their application convenience,and safeguarding safety with early warning and implementing active/passive safety protection for the whole life cycle of power batteries on the basis of BEVs'operation big data.BEVs have acquired new technological features such as intelligent and networked technology empowerment,extensive integration of control-by-wire systems,a platform of chassis hardware,and modularization of functional software.
