Invasive fungal infections are a major challenging problem in the management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) or micafungin (MCFG) has been widely...Invasive fungal infections are a major challenging problem in the management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) or micafungin (MCFG) has been widely used as a first-line empirical antifungal therapy for suspected fungal infection in such patients. However, there are several issues in patients receiving these agents: drug related toxicities for L-AmB and breakthrough fungal infections for MCFG. In order to make the best use of these 2 agents, we conducted a prospective study of sequential therapy from MCFG to L-AmB, and evaluated the efficacy and safety of this strategy in FN patients with hematologic malignancies. A total of 18 patients were enrolled, and 11 patients who fulfilled the protocol defined criteria were evaluated. Underlying diseases consisted of acute leukemia (n = 9), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1), and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1). Treatment success was achieved in 8 patients (72.7%). Drug-related adverse events occurred in 8 patients (72.7%). All of those adverse events except one case were below grade 2. Three patients required discontinuation of L-AmB. Although our empirical antifungal sequential therapy seems to be encouraging for antibiotics-refractory FN in patients with hematologic malignancies, further investigation in large-scale studies is warranted.展开更多
· AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B in fungal corneal ulcers.·METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were induced fungal corneal...· AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B in fungal corneal ulcers.·METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were induced fungal corneal ulcers by scratching and randomly divided into 3groups, i.e. control, treated with CXL, and combined therapy of CXL with 0.25% liposomal amphotericin B(n =5 each). The corneal lesions were documented with slit-lamp and confocal microscopy on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after treatment. The corneas were examined with transmission electron microscopy(TEM) at 4wk.·RESULTS: A rabbit corneal ulcer model of Fusarium was successfully established. The corneal epithelium defect areas in the two treatment groups were smaller than that in the control group on 3, 7, 14 and 21d(P <0.05). The corneal epithelium defect areas of the combined group was smaller than that of the CXL group(P <0.05) on 7 and 14 d, but there were no statistical differences on 3, 21 and 28 d. The corneal epithelium defects of the two treatment groups have been healed by day 21. The corneal epithelium defects of the control group were healed on 28 d. The diameters of the corneal collagen fiber bundles(42.960 ±7.383 nm in the CXL group and 37.040±4.160 nm in the combined group) were thicker than that of the control group(24.900±1.868 nm),but there was no difference between the two treatment groups. Some corneal collagen fiber bundles were distorted and with irregular arrangement, a large number of fibroblasts could be seen among them but no inflammatory cells in both treatment groups.· CONCLUSION: CXL combined with liposomal amphotericin B have beneficial effects on fungal corneal ulcers. The combined therapy could alleviate corneal inflammattions, accelerate corneal repair, and shorten the course of disease.展开更多
Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB agg...Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB aggregation status in the bilayer,which heat treatment(curing)modifies.Although toxicity was found related to aggregation status-loose aggregates significantly more toxic than tight aggregates-the precise mechanism linking aggregation and toxicitywas notwell understood.This study directlymeasured drug release rate fromvarious AmB liposomal preparations made with modified curing protocols to evaluate correlations among drug aggregation state,drug release,and in vitro toxicity.UV–Vis spectroscopy of these products detected unique curing-induced changes in the UV spectral features:a∼25nm blue-shift of the main absorption peak(λ_(max))in aqueous buffer and a decrease in the OD_(346)/OD_(322) ratio upon thermal curing,reflecting tighter aggregation.In vitro release testing(IVRT)data showed,by applying and fitting first-order release kinetic models for one or two pools,that curing impacts two significant changes:a 3–5-fold drop in the overall drug release rate and a ten-fold decrease in the ratio between the loosely aggregated and the tightly aggregated,more thermodynamically stable drug pool.The kinetic data thus corroborated the trend independently deduced from the UV–Vis spectral data.The in vitro toxicity assay indicated a decreased toxicity with curing,as shown by the significantly increased concentration,causing half-maximal potassium release(TC50).The data suggest that the release of AmB requires dissociation of the tight complexes within the bilayer and that the reduced toxicity relates to this slower rate of dissociation.This study demonstrates the relationship between AmB aggregation status within the lipid bilayer and drug release(directly measured rate constants),providing a mechanistic link between aggregation status and in vitro toxicity in the liposomal formulations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patie...BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patients.Here,we present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed R.microsporus lung infection without any known immunodeficiency.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented to our hospital because of hemoptysis and irritative cough without expectoration.She was first treated for community-acquired pneumonia until the detection of R.microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS).After a combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B,she eventually recovered,with significant absorption of lung infections.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for pulmonary mucormycosis.Compared to fungal culture,mNGS is a relatively precise and convenient method to obtain pathogenic results.A combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B may be a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in the future.展开更多
Objective: To understand the condition of adverse drug reactions and the treatment procedures of amphotericin B for injection in patients with AIDS complicated with fungal infection. Methods: For the research object, ...Objective: To understand the condition of adverse drug reactions and the treatment procedures of amphotericin B for injection in patients with AIDS complicated with fungal infection. Methods: For the research object, a retrospective analysis of adverse reactions of amphotericin B injection in 121 patients of AIDS complicated with fungal infection was reported in our hospital from October 2017 to June 2021 to observe the adverse drug reactions of patients after treatment with amphotericin B for injection, 87 cases with general degree (regarded as the general group) and 34 cases with serious degree (regarded as the serious group), and analyze the general data, medication and course of disease of the two groups for symptomatic treatment. Results: Adverse reactions such as hypokalemia, abnormal liver function, renal impairment, leucopenia and drug fever were more common in the two groups, and there were also many adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression, rash, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, pruritus, angina pectoris, vertigo, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The rates of leukopenia and drug fever in general group were significantly lower than those in severe group (P < 0.05);in the dose of amphotericin B used, the rate of using 25 mg and more than 25 mg in the general group was significantly lower than that in the severe group (P < 0.05). After symptomatic treat-ment, most patients have improved, and a few are unknown or have not improved. Con-clusion: Amphotericin B for injection has great side effects and will cause different degrees of adverse drug reactions. The dose of amphotericin B for clinical treatment should be ad-justed and disposed according to the adverse reactions to avoid serious consequences.展开更多
In order to solve the drawback of poor bioavailability by the oral route and infusion-related side effect for Amphotericin B(AmB),microemulsion vehicles composed of isopropyl myristate(IPM),Tween 80,isopropyl alcohol ...In order to solve the drawback of poor bioavailability by the oral route and infusion-related side effect for Amphotericin B(AmB),microemulsion vehicles composed of isopropyl myristate(IPM),Tween 80,isopropyl alcohol and water for transdermal delivery of AmB were designed.The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by the H2O titration method and the structures of the microemulsion were determined by measuring electrical conducti-vities(σ).The diffusion studies of AmB microemulsion were performed via excised rabbit skin on a drug diffusion apparatus.To obtain a high solubization of AmB,three different methods were tested to incorporate AmB into mi-croemulsion.The result suggests adding AmB in the shape of NaOH solution to the O/W blank microemulsion over the phase inversion temperature(PIT) of the emulsifier obtains the maximum drug content(2.96 mg/mL).The pH value of the system could be adjusted to pH>8.5 or pH<5.2,in this range AmB molecules converts from aqueous to the hydrophilic shell of the microemulsion droplets,drug precipitate is no more than 5%,and the formulations were corresponding to the characterizations of microemulsion.At pH 5.14,AmB microemulsion with Km 1:1,O/SC 1:9(mass ratio of oil phase to surfactant/cosurfactant blend),water content 64.6%,drug content(2.93±0.08) mg/mL,showed the maximum permeation rate(3.255±0.64) μg·cm-2·h-1,which is stable for a long time.展开更多
Increasing reports on application and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (Amphotec) in the treatment of deep fungal infections have been described recently. This is the first report that a case of liver abscess due to...Increasing reports on application and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (Amphotec) in the treatment of deep fungal infections have been described recently. This is the first report that a case of liver abscess due to Candida albicans was completely cured with intra-abscess and intravenous administration of liposomal amphotericin B without recurrence in three-year follow-up period.展开更多
Our study related to the renal toxicity of Wistar rats induced by solutions of amphotericin B prepared under extreme conditions of pH (5.4 and 10.8). The results obtained show that with pH 5.4 of stock solution, urea ...Our study related to the renal toxicity of Wistar rats induced by solutions of amphotericin B prepared under extreme conditions of pH (5.4 and 10.8). The results obtained show that with pH 5.4 of stock solution, urea and creatinin rate blood is not disturbed. These means that the renal function is not deteriorated by the amphotericin B. Furthers, treatment of animals infected by the yeast Candida albicans, with the solution of amphotericin B prepared at pH 5.4 and injected at 0.5 mg of AmB/Kg every 24 hours, seems to be effective.展开更多
目的:通过网状Meta分析,评价四种两性霉素B静脉剂型在治疗真菌感染方面的疗效和安全性。方法:检索中英文电子数据库(PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学...目的:通过网状Meta分析,评价四种两性霉素B静脉剂型在治疗真菌感染方面的疗效和安全性。方法:检索中英文电子数据库(PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库),纳入比较两性霉素B与三唑类或棘白菌素类药物治疗真菌感染的随机对照试验(RCT)进行网状Meta分析。检索时间为建库至2023年8月5日,文献质量采用GRADE分级。结果:共纳入16篇文献,涉及4365例患者。在疗效方面,两性霉素B脂质体>两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐>两性霉素B胶体分散体,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两性霉素B脂质体复合物与其他剂型相比差异暂无统计学意义(P>0.05);在总不良反应发生率方面,四种两性霉素B静脉剂型的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐相比两性霉素B胶体分散体具有更高的神经系统毒性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:四种两性霉素B静脉剂型中,脂质体剂型的疗效优于脱氧胆酸盐传统剂型;胶体分散体剂型的疗效显著低于传统剂型,同时神经系统毒性也较低。由于研究纳入文献数量有限,可能存在发表偏倚,故仍需更多大样本量、高质量的临床研究进一步证实本研究的结果和结论。展开更多
Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for t...Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs,amphotericin B(AmB)is the most frequently used drug.AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance.In this review,we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs.We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB,rationale for treating IFIs,and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use.Finally,this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.展开更多
目的探讨脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B在重症侵袭性真菌感染患者体内药代动力学(pharmacokinetics,PK)特点及目标靶值并分析其PK变化的影响因素。方法选取从2018年11月—2022年11月在东南大学附属中大医院重症医学科就诊并接受脱氧胆酸盐两性霉...目的探讨脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B在重症侵袭性真菌感染患者体内药代动力学(pharmacokinetics,PK)特点及目标靶值并分析其PK变化的影响因素。方法选取从2018年11月—2022年11月在东南大学附属中大医院重症医学科就诊并接受脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B输入治疗的重症侵袭性真菌病患者。用药从1 mg/d开始逐渐累加至50 mg/d,持续静脉泵入6 h,在用药第7、14天采集给药前及给药后1、3、6、9、12 h的外周血2 mL,采用液相色谱与串联质谱联用(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中两性霉素B的浓度。观察两性霉素B的PK特点并采用线性回归法,分析影响其PK变化的影响因素。结果共纳入12例重症侵袭性真菌病患者,对比正常受试者中得到的脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B的药代动力学参数,重症侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infection,IFI)患者体内两性霉素B的谷浓度(Cmin)、清除率(clearance,CL)、半衰期(t_(1/2))和浓度时间曲线下面积(area under concentration-time curve,AUC)均高于健康受试者(均P<0.05),而血药浓度峰值(Cmax)(1.63±0.77)mg/L未见明显差异。更快的两性霉素B剂量累加速度相比于正常累加组无明显的不良反应发生率(均P>0.05)变化,并且其Cmax和表观分布容积(apparent volume of distribution,Vd)更高。单因素分析显示实时APACHEⅡ评分可能是两性霉素B峰浓度的影响因素(P=0.008)。结论重症IFI患者体内两性霉素B的谷浓度、CL、半衰期(t_(1/2))、和AUC均高于健康受试者,但Cmax两组未见明显差异,实时APACHEⅡ评分可能是影响两性霉素B峰浓度的影响因素。更快的两性霉素B药物累加速度未表现出明显的即刻不良反应发生率的增加,并且存在更高的药效浓度。展开更多
文摘Invasive fungal infections are a major challenging problem in the management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) or micafungin (MCFG) has been widely used as a first-line empirical antifungal therapy for suspected fungal infection in such patients. However, there are several issues in patients receiving these agents: drug related toxicities for L-AmB and breakthrough fungal infections for MCFG. In order to make the best use of these 2 agents, we conducted a prospective study of sequential therapy from MCFG to L-AmB, and evaluated the efficacy and safety of this strategy in FN patients with hematologic malignancies. A total of 18 patients were enrolled, and 11 patients who fulfilled the protocol defined criteria were evaluated. Underlying diseases consisted of acute leukemia (n = 9), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1), and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1). Treatment success was achieved in 8 patients (72.7%). Drug-related adverse events occurred in 8 patients (72.7%). All of those adverse events except one case were below grade 2. Three patients required discontinuation of L-AmB. Although our empirical antifungal sequential therapy seems to be encouraging for antibiotics-refractory FN in patients with hematologic malignancies, further investigation in large-scale studies is warranted.
基金Supported by Nature Science Fundamental Research Planned Projects of Shaanxi Province(No.2011JE005No.2012JM4023)Science and Technology Planned Projects of Xi'an[No.SF1207(1)]
文摘· AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B in fungal corneal ulcers.·METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were induced fungal corneal ulcers by scratching and randomly divided into 3groups, i.e. control, treated with CXL, and combined therapy of CXL with 0.25% liposomal amphotericin B(n =5 each). The corneal lesions were documented with slit-lamp and confocal microscopy on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after treatment. The corneas were examined with transmission electron microscopy(TEM) at 4wk.·RESULTS: A rabbit corneal ulcer model of Fusarium was successfully established. The corneal epithelium defect areas in the two treatment groups were smaller than that in the control group on 3, 7, 14 and 21d(P <0.05). The corneal epithelium defect areas of the combined group was smaller than that of the CXL group(P <0.05) on 7 and 14 d, but there were no statistical differences on 3, 21 and 28 d. The corneal epithelium defects of the two treatment groups have been healed by day 21. The corneal epithelium defects of the control group were healed on 28 d. The diameters of the corneal collagen fiber bundles(42.960 ±7.383 nm in the CXL group and 37.040±4.160 nm in the combined group) were thicker than that of the control group(24.900±1.868 nm),but there was no difference between the two treatment groups. Some corneal collagen fiber bundles were distorted and with irregular arrangement, a large number of fibroblasts could be seen among them but no inflammatory cells in both treatment groups.· CONCLUSION: CXL combined with liposomal amphotericin B have beneficial effects on fungal corneal ulcers. The combined therapy could alleviate corneal inflammattions, accelerate corneal repair, and shorten the course of disease.
基金financially supported by the Offi ce of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER at the FDA (75F40120C00055)
文摘Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB aggregation status in the bilayer,which heat treatment(curing)modifies.Although toxicity was found related to aggregation status-loose aggregates significantly more toxic than tight aggregates-the precise mechanism linking aggregation and toxicitywas notwell understood.This study directlymeasured drug release rate fromvarious AmB liposomal preparations made with modified curing protocols to evaluate correlations among drug aggregation state,drug release,and in vitro toxicity.UV–Vis spectroscopy of these products detected unique curing-induced changes in the UV spectral features:a∼25nm blue-shift of the main absorption peak(λ_(max))in aqueous buffer and a decrease in the OD_(346)/OD_(322) ratio upon thermal curing,reflecting tighter aggregation.In vitro release testing(IVRT)data showed,by applying and fitting first-order release kinetic models for one or two pools,that curing impacts two significant changes:a 3–5-fold drop in the overall drug release rate and a ten-fold decrease in the ratio between the loosely aggregated and the tightly aggregated,more thermodynamically stable drug pool.The kinetic data thus corroborated the trend independently deduced from the UV–Vis spectral data.The in vitro toxicity assay indicated a decreased toxicity with curing,as shown by the significantly increased concentration,causing half-maximal potassium release(TC50).The data suggest that the release of AmB requires dissociation of the tight complexes within the bilayer and that the reduced toxicity relates to this slower rate of dissociation.This study demonstrates the relationship between AmB aggregation status within the lipid bilayer and drug release(directly measured rate constants),providing a mechanistic link between aggregation status and in vitro toxicity in the liposomal formulations.
文摘BACKGROUND Rhizopus microsporus(R.microsporus)lung infection is an invasive fungal disease with high mortality that is increasingly common in immunocompromised patients.However,it is very rare in immunocompetent patients.Here,we present the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed R.microsporus lung infection without any known immunodeficiency.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented to our hospital because of hemoptysis and irritative cough without expectoration.She was first treated for community-acquired pneumonia until the detection of R.microsporus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS).After a combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B,she eventually recovered,with significant absorption of lung infections.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for pulmonary mucormycosis.Compared to fungal culture,mNGS is a relatively precise and convenient method to obtain pathogenic results.A combination therapy of intravenous inhalation and local airway perfusion of amphotericin B may be a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in the future.
文摘Objective: To understand the condition of adverse drug reactions and the treatment procedures of amphotericin B for injection in patients with AIDS complicated with fungal infection. Methods: For the research object, a retrospective analysis of adverse reactions of amphotericin B injection in 121 patients of AIDS complicated with fungal infection was reported in our hospital from October 2017 to June 2021 to observe the adverse drug reactions of patients after treatment with amphotericin B for injection, 87 cases with general degree (regarded as the general group) and 34 cases with serious degree (regarded as the serious group), and analyze the general data, medication and course of disease of the two groups for symptomatic treatment. Results: Adverse reactions such as hypokalemia, abnormal liver function, renal impairment, leucopenia and drug fever were more common in the two groups, and there were also many adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression, rash, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, pruritus, angina pectoris, vertigo, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The rates of leukopenia and drug fever in general group were significantly lower than those in severe group (P < 0.05);in the dose of amphotericin B used, the rate of using 25 mg and more than 25 mg in the general group was significantly lower than that in the severe group (P < 0.05). After symptomatic treat-ment, most patients have improved, and a few are unknown or have not improved. Con-clusion: Amphotericin B for injection has great side effects and will cause different degrees of adverse drug reactions. The dose of amphotericin B for clinical treatment should be ad-justed and disposed according to the adverse reactions to avoid serious consequences.
基金Supported by the Grant from the Agriculture Technologies R & D Program of Shanxi Province, China(No. 2007032013).
文摘In order to solve the drawback of poor bioavailability by the oral route and infusion-related side effect for Amphotericin B(AmB),microemulsion vehicles composed of isopropyl myristate(IPM),Tween 80,isopropyl alcohol and water for transdermal delivery of AmB were designed.The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by the H2O titration method and the structures of the microemulsion were determined by measuring electrical conducti-vities(σ).The diffusion studies of AmB microemulsion were performed via excised rabbit skin on a drug diffusion apparatus.To obtain a high solubization of AmB,three different methods were tested to incorporate AmB into mi-croemulsion.The result suggests adding AmB in the shape of NaOH solution to the O/W blank microemulsion over the phase inversion temperature(PIT) of the emulsifier obtains the maximum drug content(2.96 mg/mL).The pH value of the system could be adjusted to pH>8.5 or pH<5.2,in this range AmB molecules converts from aqueous to the hydrophilic shell of the microemulsion droplets,drug precipitate is no more than 5%,and the formulations were corresponding to the characterizations of microemulsion.At pH 5.14,AmB microemulsion with Km 1:1,O/SC 1:9(mass ratio of oil phase to surfactant/cosurfactant blend),water content 64.6%,drug content(2.93±0.08) mg/mL,showed the maximum permeation rate(3.255±0.64) μg·cm-2·h-1,which is stable for a long time.
文摘Increasing reports on application and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (Amphotec) in the treatment of deep fungal infections have been described recently. This is the first report that a case of liver abscess due to Candida albicans was completely cured with intra-abscess and intravenous administration of liposomal amphotericin B without recurrence in three-year follow-up period.
文摘Our study related to the renal toxicity of Wistar rats induced by solutions of amphotericin B prepared under extreme conditions of pH (5.4 and 10.8). The results obtained show that with pH 5.4 of stock solution, urea and creatinin rate blood is not disturbed. These means that the renal function is not deteriorated by the amphotericin B. Furthers, treatment of animals infected by the yeast Candida albicans, with the solution of amphotericin B prepared at pH 5.4 and injected at 0.5 mg of AmB/Kg every 24 hours, seems to be effective.
文摘目的:通过网状Meta分析,评价四种两性霉素B静脉剂型在治疗真菌感染方面的疗效和安全性。方法:检索中英文电子数据库(PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库),纳入比较两性霉素B与三唑类或棘白菌素类药物治疗真菌感染的随机对照试验(RCT)进行网状Meta分析。检索时间为建库至2023年8月5日,文献质量采用GRADE分级。结果:共纳入16篇文献,涉及4365例患者。在疗效方面,两性霉素B脂质体>两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐>两性霉素B胶体分散体,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两性霉素B脂质体复合物与其他剂型相比差异暂无统计学意义(P>0.05);在总不良反应发生率方面,四种两性霉素B静脉剂型的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐相比两性霉素B胶体分散体具有更高的神经系统毒性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:四种两性霉素B静脉剂型中,脂质体剂型的疗效优于脱氧胆酸盐传统剂型;胶体分散体剂型的疗效显著低于传统剂型,同时神经系统毒性也较低。由于研究纳入文献数量有限,可能存在发表偏倚,故仍需更多大样本量、高质量的临床研究进一步证实本研究的结果和结论。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872823,81871477 and 82073782)the Double First-Class(CPU2018PZQ13,China)of the China Pharmaceutical University+3 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.19430741500)the Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation of Ministry of Education of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM-201905,China)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2020A1515010593)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.20ykpy111,China)
文摘Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs,amphotericin B(AmB)is the most frequently used drug.AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance.In this review,we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs.We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB,rationale for treating IFIs,and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use.Finally,this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.
文摘目的探讨脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B在重症侵袭性真菌感染患者体内药代动力学(pharmacokinetics,PK)特点及目标靶值并分析其PK变化的影响因素。方法选取从2018年11月—2022年11月在东南大学附属中大医院重症医学科就诊并接受脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B输入治疗的重症侵袭性真菌病患者。用药从1 mg/d开始逐渐累加至50 mg/d,持续静脉泵入6 h,在用药第7、14天采集给药前及给药后1、3、6、9、12 h的外周血2 mL,采用液相色谱与串联质谱联用(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中两性霉素B的浓度。观察两性霉素B的PK特点并采用线性回归法,分析影响其PK变化的影响因素。结果共纳入12例重症侵袭性真菌病患者,对比正常受试者中得到的脱氧胆酸盐两性霉素B的药代动力学参数,重症侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infection,IFI)患者体内两性霉素B的谷浓度(Cmin)、清除率(clearance,CL)、半衰期(t_(1/2))和浓度时间曲线下面积(area under concentration-time curve,AUC)均高于健康受试者(均P<0.05),而血药浓度峰值(Cmax)(1.63±0.77)mg/L未见明显差异。更快的两性霉素B剂量累加速度相比于正常累加组无明显的不良反应发生率(均P>0.05)变化,并且其Cmax和表观分布容积(apparent volume of distribution,Vd)更高。单因素分析显示实时APACHEⅡ评分可能是两性霉素B峰浓度的影响因素(P=0.008)。结论重症IFI患者体内两性霉素B的谷浓度、CL、半衰期(t_(1/2))、和AUC均高于健康受试者,但Cmax两组未见明显差异,实时APACHEⅡ评分可能是影响两性霉素B峰浓度的影响因素。更快的两性霉素B药物累加速度未表现出明显的即刻不良反应发生率的增加,并且存在更高的药效浓度。
