Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treat...Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treatment.As an effective traditional Chinese medicine,the Jianpi Bushen formula has been widely used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen formulae for patients who undergo chemotherapy.This statistical analysis plan(SAP)is intended to enhance the transparency and research quality of our randomized controlled trial.Methods:Our study is a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial.This trial aimed to compare the completion rate of chemotherapy in colon cancer patients who are using and not using Jianpi Bushen formula.To attenuate possible selection bias in the final report,we declared the overall trial design,outcome measures,subgroup analyses,and safety measures.Also,we described the data management and statistical analysis methods in detail.Conclusion:The SAP provides more detailed information than the trial protocol for data management and statistical analysis methods.Further post-hoc analyses can be performed by referring to the SAP,and possible selection bias can be attenuated.展开更多
Introduction:Letrozole showed higher ovulation and live birth rates than clomiphene in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Berberine,a major active component of Chinese herbal medicine rhizomacoptidis...Introduction:Letrozole showed higher ovulation and live birth rates than clomiphene in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Berberine,a major active component of Chinese herbal medicine rhizomacoptidis,has been used to improve insulin resistance to facilitate ovulation induction in women with PCOS,but there is no study reporting the live birth or its potential as a complementary treatment to letrozole.We aim to determine the efficacy of letrozole with or without berberine in achieving live births among 644 infertile women with PCOS in China's Mainland.Methods and analysis:This is a prospective,randomized,multicentre,double-blinded,controlled design.Infertile women with PCOS were randomized into three-arm,letrozole and berberine,letrozole and berberine placebo,letrozole placebo and berberine.Data and blood were collected at baseline,the third month and sixth month after treatment,or immediately were collected if subject was pregnant.Statisticians and clinical investigators were blinded to treatment allocation and treatment related study results until the central database was locked for final data extraction and analysis determined.The statistical analysis plan described basic analysis principles,methods commonly encountered in data analysis issues,and the specific statistical procedures for analyzing the primary,secondary,and safety outcomes.Ethics and dissemination:The study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine.The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:Chi CTR-TRC-09000376.Clinical Trials.gov identifier:NCT01116167.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicable value of finite element analysis(FEA)for presurgical planning in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)ankylosis.Methods CT image data of one patien...Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicable value of finite element analysis(FEA)for presurgical planning in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)ankylosis.Methods CT image data of one patient with unilateral展开更多
The planning of prior conservation areas is an important part of nature re- serve system, ：it is of great significance for biodiversity conservation. The methods of priority planning include hot-spots analysis, gap a...The planning of prior conservation areas is an important part of nature re- serve system, ：it is of great significance for biodiversity conservation. The methods of priority planning include hot-spots analysis, gap analysis, systematic conservation planning analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The key issues of priority area planning include the determination of the protect objects, the analyses of the protec- tion value and protection cost, the win-win development of protection and economy, and the changes of the management strategies of the protected areas. In this study, the features and research progress of different conservation methods were analyzed, and based on the discussion on the key issues of the planning of the protected areas, the application prospect of different methods was analyzed.展开更多
The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been inc...The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.展开更多
The main problem existing in Guangdong electric power sources is analyzed in this paper. Based on theanalysis on energy-supply features, power demand and the technical and economic performances of various powersource...The main problem existing in Guangdong electric power sources is analyzed in this paper. Based on theanalysis on energy-supply features, power demand and the technical and economic performances of various powersources in Guangdong, the power sources construction scale and its structure are studied and analyzed in detail byusing Generation Expansion Software Package (GESP). The future development of Guangdong electric power sourcesunder the new situation of "Power from West to East" is studied as well.[展开更多
Chuanfu Estate is located in the Nankai district ofTianjin.It is one of three experimental housing estates desig-nated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Re-public of China in 1986 for the northern part ...Chuanfu Estate is located in the Nankai district ofTianjin.It is one of three experimental housing estates desig-nated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Re-public of China in 1986 for the northern part of thecountry.It is included in the National Seventh Five-YearPlan’s leading research program.Chuanfu Estate was builtaccording to the ″integral-planning,rational-layout,com-展开更多
It is stimulated in the Tenth-Five-Year-Plan period that by the year of 2010, the Chinese auto industry should become the pillar industry by means of integration of competition and self-development. According to incom...It is stimulated in the Tenth-Five-Year-Plan period that by the year of 2010, the Chinese auto industry should become the pillar industry by means of integration of competition and self-development. According to incomplete statistics, by 2005, the demand will be: 3.6 million units of motor vehicle engines, of which petrol engines will be 2.288 million units, diesel engines 1.232 million units and the substitute engines 80,000 units. And展开更多
Low impact development type of best management practices （LID-BMPs） aims to mitigate urban stormwater runoffand lessen pollutant loads in an economical and eco-friendly way and has become a global concern in modem u...Low impact development type of best management practices （LID-BMPs） aims to mitigate urban stormwater runoffand lessen pollutant loads in an economical and eco-friendly way and has become a global concern in modem urban stormwater management. A new methodology based on stormwater management model （SWMM） for block-scale LID-BMPs planning was developed. This method integrated LID-BMP chain layout optimization in site-scale parcels with scenario analysis in the entire block-scale urban area. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） was successfully coupled to SWMM through Python to complete the site-scale optimization process. Different LID scenarios of the research area were designed on the basis of the optimized LID-BMP chain layout. A multi-index evaluation that considered runoff quantity indices, pollutant loads, and construction costs simultaneously helped select the cost-effective scenario as the final planning scheme. A case study in Tianjin, China, was conducted to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Results showed that more than 75% control rate of total runoff volume, 22%-46% peak flow reduction efficiency, and more than 32% pollutant removal rate were achieved. The robustness analysis indicated that the selected final planning scheme was considerably robust with varied weight values.展开更多
Traffic volume is an important parameter in most transportation planning applications. Low volume roads make up about 69% of road miles in the United States. Estimating traffic on the low volume roads is a cost-effect...Traffic volume is an important parameter in most transportation planning applications. Low volume roads make up about 69% of road miles in the United States. Estimating traffic on the low volume roads is a cost-effective alternative to taking traffic counts. This is because traditional traffic counts are expensive and impractical for low priority roads. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of two alternative means of cost- effectively estimating traffic volumes for low volume roads in Wyoming and to make recommendations for their implementation. The study methodology involves reviewing existing studies, identifying data sources, and carrying out the model development. The utility of the models developed were then verified by comparing actual traffic volumes to those predicted by the model. The study resulted in two regression models that are inexpensive and easy to implement. The first regression model was a linear regression model that utilized pavement type, access to highways, predominant land use types, and population to estimate traffic volume. In verifying the model, an R^2 value of 0.64 and a root mean square error of 73.4% were obtained. The second model was a logistic regression model that identified the level of traffic on roads using five thresholds or levels. The logistic regression model was verified by estimating traffic volume thresholds and determining the percentage of roads that were accurately classified as belonging to the given thresholds. For the five thresholds, the percentage of roads classified correctly ranged from 79% to 88%. In conclusion, the verification of the models indicated both model types to be useful for accurate and cost-effective estimation of traffic volumes for low volume Wyoming roads. The models developed were recommended for use in traffic volume estimations for low volume roads in pavement management and environmental impact assessment studies.展开更多
Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in ...Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in the same grid can be considered the main problem,specifically for short-term frequency stability.Therefore,a large penetration of wind power generation in modern power grids has a risky influence on the power-system frequency.Wind-generation plants have contradictory behaviour compared to classic thermal plants,especially in active generated power-shortage events due to the variable nature of wind power.Existing experience in wind plants keeps part of the available wind power unloaded,using what are known as deloading techniques.Different deloading techniques are usually applied to emulate the thermal-plant-governor function and confirm a proper spinning reserve for any active-power shortages.These techniques decrease the generated power from wind plants continuously from maximum point tracking ones.Consequently,the practical capacity,annual generated energy and economical income of wind plants are reduced.In addition,grid-protection and control sub-schemes are set and designed according to the well-known conventional responses of thermal plants,which increase the need for thermal-plant-behaviour emulation.In this paper,instead of the usual deloading methods,a supercapacitors scheme is proposed with wind turbines to emulate the response of conventional power plants.The study discusses the technical and economic benefits of the proposed addition of supercapacitors in the wind-plant-planning phase.Restricted frequency grid-code indices are selected to evaluate studied behaviours.Simulation results of the IEEE four-generation two-area system determines the effectiveness of suggested schemes technically.The System Advisor Model(SAM)program estimates the economic benefits of a typical US study case compared with the existing wind-deloading technique.展开更多
基金funded by the Key R&D project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2017YFC1700604).
文摘Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treatment.As an effective traditional Chinese medicine,the Jianpi Bushen formula has been widely used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen formulae for patients who undergo chemotherapy.This statistical analysis plan(SAP)is intended to enhance the transparency and research quality of our randomized controlled trial.Methods:Our study is a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial.This trial aimed to compare the completion rate of chemotherapy in colon cancer patients who are using and not using Jianpi Bushen formula.To attenuate possible selection bias in the final report,we declared the overall trial design,outcome measures,subgroup analyses,and safety measures.Also,we described the data management and statistical analysis methods in detail.Conclusion:The SAP provides more detailed information than the trial protocol for data management and statistical analysis methods.Further post-hoc analyses can be performed by referring to the SAP,and possible selection bias can be attenuated.
基金Funded by the National Public Welfare Projects for Chinese Medicine(200807021)of Chinathe "11th–Five" Supportive Program for Science and Technology of China(2007BAI20B015)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Province Foundation for Outstanding Youths(JC200804)the Intervention for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory-‘Tian Gui Shi Xu’(2011TD006)
文摘Introduction:Letrozole showed higher ovulation and live birth rates than clomiphene in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Berberine,a major active component of Chinese herbal medicine rhizomacoptidis,has been used to improve insulin resistance to facilitate ovulation induction in women with PCOS,but there is no study reporting the live birth or its potential as a complementary treatment to letrozole.We aim to determine the efficacy of letrozole with or without berberine in achieving live births among 644 infertile women with PCOS in China's Mainland.Methods and analysis:This is a prospective,randomized,multicentre,double-blinded,controlled design.Infertile women with PCOS were randomized into three-arm,letrozole and berberine,letrozole and berberine placebo,letrozole placebo and berberine.Data and blood were collected at baseline,the third month and sixth month after treatment,or immediately were collected if subject was pregnant.Statisticians and clinical investigators were blinded to treatment allocation and treatment related study results until the central database was locked for final data extraction and analysis determined.The statistical analysis plan described basic analysis principles,methods commonly encountered in data analysis issues,and the specific statistical procedures for analyzing the primary,secondary,and safety outcomes.Ethics and dissemination:The study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine.The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:Chi CTR-TRC-09000376.Clinical Trials.gov identifier:NCT01116167.
文摘Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicable value of finite element analysis(FEA)for presurgical planning in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)ankylosis.Methods CT image data of one patient with unilateral
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Projects of Anhui ProvinceNational Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Anhui Agricultural University~~
文摘The planning of prior conservation areas is an important part of nature re- serve system, ：it is of great significance for biodiversity conservation. The methods of priority planning include hot-spots analysis, gap analysis, systematic conservation planning analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis. The key issues of priority area planning include the determination of the protect objects, the analyses of the protec- tion value and protection cost, the win-win development of protection and economy, and the changes of the management strategies of the protected areas. In this study, the features and research progress of different conservation methods were analyzed, and based on the discussion on the key issues of the planning of the protected areas, the application prospect of different methods was analyzed.
文摘The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.
文摘The main problem existing in Guangdong electric power sources is analyzed in this paper. Based on theanalysis on energy-supply features, power demand and the technical and economic performances of various powersources in Guangdong, the power sources construction scale and its structure are studied and analyzed in detail byusing Generation Expansion Software Package (GESP). The future development of Guangdong electric power sourcesunder the new situation of "Power from West to East" is studied as well.[
文摘Chuanfu Estate is located in the Nankai district ofTianjin.It is one of three experimental housing estates desig-nated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Re-public of China in 1986 for the northern part of thecountry.It is included in the National Seventh Five-YearPlan’s leading research program.Chuanfu Estate was builtaccording to the ″integral-planning,rational-layout,com-
文摘It is stimulated in the Tenth-Five-Year-Plan period that by the year of 2010, the Chinese auto industry should become the pillar industry by means of integration of competition and self-development. According to incomplete statistics, by 2005, the demand will be: 3.6 million units of motor vehicle engines, of which petrol engines will be 2.288 million units, diesel engines 1.232 million units and the substitute engines 80,000 units. And
文摘Low impact development type of best management practices （LID-BMPs） aims to mitigate urban stormwater runoffand lessen pollutant loads in an economical and eco-friendly way and has become a global concern in modem urban stormwater management. A new methodology based on stormwater management model （SWMM） for block-scale LID-BMPs planning was developed. This method integrated LID-BMP chain layout optimization in site-scale parcels with scenario analysis in the entire block-scale urban area. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） was successfully coupled to SWMM through Python to complete the site-scale optimization process. Different LID scenarios of the research area were designed on the basis of the optimized LID-BMP chain layout. A multi-index evaluation that considered runoff quantity indices, pollutant loads, and construction costs simultaneously helped select the cost-effective scenario as the final planning scheme. A case study in Tianjin, China, was conducted to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Results showed that more than 75% control rate of total runoff volume, 22%-46% peak flow reduction efficiency, and more than 32% pollutant removal rate were achieved. The robustness analysis indicated that the selected final planning scheme was considerably robust with varied weight values.
基金Wyoming Department of Transportation for the funding support throughout the study
文摘Traffic volume is an important parameter in most transportation planning applications. Low volume roads make up about 69% of road miles in the United States. Estimating traffic on the low volume roads is a cost-effective alternative to taking traffic counts. This is because traditional traffic counts are expensive and impractical for low priority roads. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of two alternative means of cost- effectively estimating traffic volumes for low volume roads in Wyoming and to make recommendations for their implementation. The study methodology involves reviewing existing studies, identifying data sources, and carrying out the model development. The utility of the models developed were then verified by comparing actual traffic volumes to those predicted by the model. The study resulted in two regression models that are inexpensive and easy to implement. The first regression model was a linear regression model that utilized pavement type, access to highways, predominant land use types, and population to estimate traffic volume. In verifying the model, an R^2 value of 0.64 and a root mean square error of 73.4% were obtained. The second model was a logistic regression model that identified the level of traffic on roads using five thresholds or levels. The logistic regression model was verified by estimating traffic volume thresholds and determining the percentage of roads that were accurately classified as belonging to the given thresholds. For the five thresholds, the percentage of roads classified correctly ranged from 79% to 88%. In conclusion, the verification of the models indicated both model types to be useful for accurate and cost-effective estimation of traffic volumes for low volume Wyoming roads. The models developed were recommended for use in traffic volume estimations for low volume roads in pavement management and environmental impact assessment studies.
文摘Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in the same grid can be considered the main problem,specifically for short-term frequency stability.Therefore,a large penetration of wind power generation in modern power grids has a risky influence on the power-system frequency.Wind-generation plants have contradictory behaviour compared to classic thermal plants,especially in active generated power-shortage events due to the variable nature of wind power.Existing experience in wind plants keeps part of the available wind power unloaded,using what are known as deloading techniques.Different deloading techniques are usually applied to emulate the thermal-plant-governor function and confirm a proper spinning reserve for any active-power shortages.These techniques decrease the generated power from wind plants continuously from maximum point tracking ones.Consequently,the practical capacity,annual generated energy and economical income of wind plants are reduced.In addition,grid-protection and control sub-schemes are set and designed according to the well-known conventional responses of thermal plants,which increase the need for thermal-plant-behaviour emulation.In this paper,instead of the usual deloading methods,a supercapacitors scheme is proposed with wind turbines to emulate the response of conventional power plants.The study discusses the technical and economic benefits of the proposed addition of supercapacitors in the wind-plant-planning phase.Restricted frequency grid-code indices are selected to evaluate studied behaviours.Simulation results of the IEEE four-generation two-area system determines the effectiveness of suggested schemes technically.The System Advisor Model(SAM)program estimates the economic benefits of a typical US study case compared with the existing wind-deloading technique.
