Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and t...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.展开更多
Foam stability tests were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)surfactant and SiO2 nanoparticles as foaming system at different asphaltene concentrations,and the half-life of CO_(2) foam was measured.The mechani...Foam stability tests were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)surfactant and SiO2 nanoparticles as foaming system at different asphaltene concentrations,and the half-life of CO_(2) foam was measured.The mechanism of foam stability reduction in the presence of asphaltene was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),UV adsorption spectrophotometric concentration measurement and Zeta potential measurement.When the mass ratio of synthetic oil to foam-formation suspension was 1:9 and the asphaltene mass fraction increased from 0 to 15%,the half-life of SDS-stabilized foams decreased from 751 s to 239 s,and the half-life of SDS/silica-stabilized foams decreased from 912 s to 298 s.When the mass ratio of synthetic oil to foam-formation suspension was 2:8 and the asphaltene mass fraction increased from 0 to 15%,the half-life of SDS-stabilized foams decreased from 526 s to 171 s,and the half-life of SDS/silica-stabilized foams decreased from 660 s to 205 s.In addition,due to asphaltene-SDS/silica interaction in the aqueous phase,the absolute value of Zeta potential decreases,and the surface charges of particles reduce,leading to the reduction of repulsive forces between two interfaces of thin liquid film,which in turn,damages the foam stability.展开更多
The double salt of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride(glucosamine-SP) is an important pharmaceuticals ingredient for healing osteoarthritis. However, the study about its industrial production is rarely documented, le...The double salt of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride(glucosamine-SP) is an important pharmaceuticals ingredient for healing osteoarthritis. However, the study about its industrial production is rarely documented, let alone the optimization over the whole process to produce glucosamine-SP using glucosamine hydrochloride and anhydrous sodium sulfate as synthetic raw materials. In order to improve the production efficiency, this study screened the process parameters based on the concept of quality by design(QbD), optimized 13 operational parameters related to reaction and separation in the process, and finally proposed the mixed dropping process. The reaction conditions for the preparation of glucosamineSP were found as follows: the molar ratio of anhydrous sodium sulfate to glucosamine hydrochloride is 0.42, the mass ratio of water to glucosamine hydrochloride is is 2.0, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 h. Through step-by-step scaling up following QbD, the mixed dropping process was successfully applied to achieve a trial production of 200 kg products satisfying national quality standards.In all, the results of this study have high technical value and guiding significance for the industrial mass production of glucosamine-SP.展开更多
The corrosion inhibition behavior of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy in NaCl solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)was investigated by hydrogen analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electrochemical test,scanning Kelvin probe...The corrosion inhibition behavior of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy in NaCl solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)was investigated by hydrogen analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electrochemical test,scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)and computational methods.Results showed that the corrosion resistance of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy in NaCl solution was effectively improved with SDS.The SEM and SKPFM results confirmed a dense,200 nm-thick SDS-adsorbed layer had formed on the alloy surface.The separation energy ΔE_(gap) and adsorption energy E_(ads) of SDS on the Mg surface were calculated by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations,respectively.And the corrosion inhibition mechanism was hypothesized and described.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,are complex diseases that result from the chronic dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,are complex diseases that result from the chronic dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is not fully understood,but it is accepted that it occurs when an inappropriate aggressive inflammatory respon-se in a genetically susceptible host due to inciting environmental factors occurs. To investigate the path-ogenesis and etiology of human IBD,various animal models of IBD have been developed that provided indispensable insights into the histopathological and morphological changes as well as factors associated with the pathogenesis of IBD and evaluation of therapeutic options in the last few decades. The most widely used experimental model employs dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) to induce epithelial damage. The DSS colitis model in IBD research has advantages over other various chemically induced experimental models due to its rapidity,simplicity,reproducibility and controllability. In this manuscript,we review the newer publicized advances of research in murine colitis models that focus upon the disruption of the barrier function of the intestine,effects of mucin on the development of colitis,alterations found in microbial balance and resultant changes in the metabolome specifically in the DSS colitis murine model and its relation to the pathogenesis of IBD.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5%(g/L)dextran sulfate sodium.On day seven,the mice recei...AIM:To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5%(g/L)dextran sulfate sodium.On day seven,the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 1×106 MSCs.The survival rate,disease activity index values,and body weight,were monitored daily.On day ten,colon lengths and histopathologic changes were assessed.In addition,immunoregulatory changes following MSC administration were evaluated by determining the levels of effector T cell responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes,and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in homogenized colons.RESULTS:Intraperitoneal administration of MSCs did not prevent development of colitis and did not reduce the clinicopathologic severity of IBD.No significant difference was evident in either survival rate or disease activity index score between the control and MSCtreated group.Day ten-sacrificed mice exhibited no significant difference in either colon length or histopathologic findings.Indeed,the MSC-treated group exhibited elevated levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and transforming growth factor-β,and a reduced level of IL-10,in spleens,mesenteric lymph nodes,and homogenized colons.The IL-17 level was lower in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the MSC-treated group(P=0.0126).In homogenized colons,the IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α(P=0.0092)expression levels were also lower in the treated group.CONCLUSION:MSC infusion provided no significanthistopathologic or clinical improvement,thus representing a limited therapeutic approach for IBD.Functional enhancement of MSCs is needed in further study.展开更多
AIM To investigate the temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune profiles of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 female mice by administ...AIM To investigate the temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune profiles of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 female mice by administration of 1%, 2% or 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 d. Animals were monitored daily for weight loss, stool consistency and blood in the stool, while spleens and colons were harvested on day 8. A time course analysis was performed in mice ingesting 3% DSS, which included colon proteomics through multiplex assay, colon histological scoring by a blinded investigator, and immune response through flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry of the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and colon.RESULTS Progressive worsening of clinical colitis was observed with increasing DSS from 1% to 3%. In mice ingesting 3% DSS, colon shortening and increase in proinflammatory factors starting at day 3 was observed, with increased spleen weights at day 6 and day 8. This coincided with cellular infiltration in the colon from day 2 to day 8, with progressive accumulation of macrophages F4/80^+, T helper CD4^+(Th), T cytotoxic CD8^+(Tcyt) and T regulatory CD25^+(Treg) cells, and progressive changes in colonic pathology including destruction of crypts, loss of goblet cells and depletion of the epithelial barrier. Starting on day 4, mesenteric lymph node and/or spleen presented with lower levels of Treg, Th and Tcyt cells, suggesting an immune cell tropism to the gut. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the severity of experimental colitis is dependent on DSS concentration, correlated with clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune response on 3% DSS.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the preventive effect of kefir on colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in rats.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar-albino rats were randomized into four groups: normal control,kefircontrol...AIM: To investigate the preventive effect of kefir on colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in rats.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar-albino rats were randomized into four groups: normal control,kefircontrol,colitis,and kefir-colitis groups. Rats in the normal and kefir-control groups were administered tap water as drinking water for 14 d. Rats in the colitis and kefir-colitis groups were administered a 3% DSS solution as drinking water for 8-14 d to induce colitis. Rats in the kefir-control and kefir-colitis groups were administered 5 m L kefir once a day for 14 d while rats in the normal control and colitis group were administered an identical volume of the placebo(skim milk) using an orogastric feeding tube. Clinical colitis was evaluated with reference to the disease activity index(DAI),based on daily weight loss,stool consistency,and presence of bleeding in feces. Rats were sacrificed on the 15 th day,blood specimens were collected,and colon tissues were rapidly removed. Levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-10,malondialdehyde,and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) were measured in colon tissue.RESULTS: The DAI was lower in the kefir-colitis group than in the colitis group(on the 3rd and 5th days of colitis induction; P < 0.01). The DAI was also significantly higher in the colitis group between days 2 and 6 of colitis induction when compared to the normal control and kefir-control groups. The DAI was statistically higher only on the 6th day in the kefircolitis group when compared to that in the normal control groups. Increased colon weight and decreased colon length were observed in colitis-induced rats. Mean colon length in the colitis group was significantly shorter than that of the kefir-control group. Kefir treatment significantly decreased histologic colitis scores(P < 0.05). MPO activity in the colitis group was significantly higher than in the kefir-control group(P < 0.05). Kefir treatment significantly reduced the DSS colitis-induced TNF-α increase(P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed among groups for IL-10 and MDA levels. Colon tissue i NOS levels in the colitis group were significantly higher than those in the control and kefir-colitis groups(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Kefir reduces the clinical DAI and histologic colitis scores in a DSS-induced colitis model,possibly via reduction of MPO,TNF-α,and i NOS levels.展开更多
Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium do...Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) is used to enhance the leaching effect of an ion-absorbed rare earth ore by ameliorating the seepage effect for the first time.The effects of surfactant concentration,leaching agent dosage,solution flow velocity,and solution pH on the leaching rate were explored,and the mechanism of SDS was discussed.Under the optimum conditions,the addition of a small amount of SDS(mass fraction0.04%) can increase the leaching rate by about 5%,shorten the leaching period,and reduce the consumption of the leaching agent.SDS significantly ameliorates the seepage effect of the ore body by reducing the surface tension of the leaching agent and ameliorating the wettability of the mineral surface.This effect is the main factor that improves the leaching efficiency.DFT(density functional theory) calculation results show that SDS can react with rare earth ions,which reduces the adsorption strength on clay mineral surfaces.Hence,rare earth ions are easily exchanged by ammonium ions,and mass transfer is enhanced.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether dermal lymphatic function and architecture are systemically altered in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS: Balb/c mice were administered 4% DSS in lieu of drinking wa...AIM: To investigate whether dermal lymphatic function and architecture are systemically altered in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS: Balb/c mice were administered 4% DSS in lieu of drinking water ad libitum for 7 d and monitored to assess disease activity including body weight, diarrhea severity, and fecal bleeding. Control mice received standard drinking water with no DSS. Changes in mesenteric lymphatics were assessed following oral administration of a fluorescently-labelled fatty acid analogue, while dermal lymphatic function and architecture was longitudinally characterized using dynamic near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF) imaging following intradermal injection of indocyanine green(ICG) at the base of the tail or to the dorsal aspect of the left paw prior to, 4, and 7 d after DSSadministration. We also measured dye clearance rate after injection of Alexa680-bovine serum albumin(BSA). NIRF imaging data was analyzed to reveal lymphatic contractile activity after selecting fixed regions of interest(ROIs) of the same size in fluorescent lymphatic vessels on fluorescence images. The averaged fluorescence intensity within the ROI of each fluorescence image was plotted as a function of imaging time and the lymphatic contraction frequency was computed by assessing the number of fluorescent pulses arriving at a ROI. RESULTS: Mice treated with DSS developed acute inflammation with clinical symptoms of loss of body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea, and fecal blood, all of which were aggravated as disease progressed to 7 d. Histological examination of colons of DSS-treated mice confirmed acute inflammation, characterized by segmental to complete loss of colonic mucosa with an associated chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate that extended into the deeper layers of the wall of the colon, compared to control mice. In situ intravital imaging revealed that mice with acute colitis showed significantly fewer fluorescent mesenteric lymphatic vessels, indicating impaired uptake of a lipid tracer within mesenteric lymphatics. Our in vivo NIRF imaging data demonstrated dilated dermal lymphatic vessels, which were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of lymphatic vessels, and significantly reduced lymphatic contractile function in the skin of mice with DSS-induced acute colitis. Quantification of the fluorescent intensity remaining in the depot as a function of time showed that there was significantly higher Alexa680-BSA fluorescence in mice with DSSinduced acute colitis compared to pre-treatment with DSS, indicative of impaired lymphatic drainage.CONCLUSION: The lymphatics are locally and systemically altered in acute colitis, and functional NIRF imaging is useful for noninvasively monitoring systemic lymphatic changes during inflammation.展开更多
The hydration characteristics by thermal analysis ( DTA ) were determined, and an isothermal calorimeter (IC) was used to study the pastes . The experimental results indicate: (1) The main hydration products of SSC ar...The hydration characteristics by thermal analysis ( DTA ) were determined, and an isothermal calorimeter (IC) was used to study the pastes . The experimental results indicate: (1) The main hydration products of SSC are C-S-H( I ) gel with a low Ca/Si ratio, crystalline Thomsonite-type and AFt-type phases containing certain alkali cations; (2) No phases of the AFm-type and high alkaline Ca( OH)2 in SSC system could benefit the hydrated cements to improve its strength and durability; (3) Crystalline Thomsonite-type and AFt-type phases containing Na+ will greatly reduce free alkali and alleviate the harmness of alkali aggregate reaction ( AAR) in SSC system; (4) Similar to ordinary Portland cement( OPC), the hydration process of SSC could be classified into five stages : initial, induction, acceleration, deceleration and decay; (5) Regardless of the activator used, the apparent activation energy is higher with the increased slag in cement system, and the rising temperature could promote the hydration of SSC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many c...BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many complications.AIM To explore the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin(PNS) against dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway inhibition in rats.METHODS Colitis rat models were generated via DSS induction, and rats were divided into control(no modeling), DSS, DSS + PNS 50 mg/k, and DSS + PNS 100 mg/kg groups. Then, the intestinal injury, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory indices, tight junction proteins, apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and TLR4/AKT signaling pathway in colon tissues from rats in each of the groups were detected. The PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in the colon tissue of rats was blocked using the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor, LY294002.RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the DSS group showed significantly shortened colon lengths, and significantly increased disease activity indices, oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory indices, as well as significantly decreased expression of tight junction-associated proteins. In addition, the DSS group showed significantly increased apoptotic cell numbers,and showed significantly increased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues.They also showed significantly decreased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(all P < 0.05). Compared with rats in the DSS group, rats in the DSS + PNS group showed significantly lengthened colon lengths, decreased disease activity indices, and significantly alleviated oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory responses. In addition, this group showed significantly increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins, significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers, and significantly decreased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues. This group further showed significantly increased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, and significantly suppressed activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as well as a dose dependency(all P < 0.05). When the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of colon tissue cells in the DSS + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of the DSS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION PNS can protect rats against DSS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and therefore may be potentially used in the future as a drug for colitis.展开更多
AIM To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = 10/group): normal group, selenium(Se) ...AIM To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = 10/group): normal group, selenium(Se) group, chronic colitis group, and Se + chronic colitis group. The mice were sacrificed on day 26. Survival rates, clinical symptoms, colon length, and histological changes were determined. The percentages and absolute numbers of immune system cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes(LPL) of the colon, the expression of m RNA in colon tissue, and the concentrations of Th1, Th17, and Treg cytokines in LPL from the large intestine, were measured.RESULTS Se significantly ameliorated the symptoms of colitis and histological injury(P < 0.05 each), increasing the proportions of neutrophils and CD4+ CD25+ T cells(P < 0.05 each) and decreasing the proportions of γδT cells, CD4+, CD4+CD44+, and CD4+ CD69+ T cells in LPL(P < 0.05 each). Moreover, Se reduced the expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17 A, IL-21, T-bet, and RORγt(P < 0.05 each), but enhanced the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3(P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se protects against DSSinduced chronic colitis perhaps by increasing the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs that suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and populations of Th1, Th17, and γδT cells.展开更多
Interactions of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFH)with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)were investigated by conductivity measurement in H2O/electrolyte solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4&Na3PO4)over 298.15–318.15 K temperature rang...Interactions of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFH)with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)were investigated by conductivity measurement in H2O/electrolyte solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4&Na3PO4)over 298.15–318.15 K temperature range(with 5 K interval)considering the human body temperature.In all cases,two critical micelle concentrations(c*)were observed which are increased in the presence of drug and decreased in the presence of salts enunciating the presence of interaction amongst the studied components.For(CPFH+SDS)system in the presence of salt,the c*values at 303.15 K and I=0.50 mmol·kg^-1 followed the order:CNaCl>CNa2SO4>CNa3PO4.TheΔG1,m0 andΔG2,m0values are found to be negative for all systems that show that the micellization process is thermodynamically spontaneous.For(CPFH+SDS)system in water,theΔHm0&ΔSm0 values reveal that the micellization processes is both entropy dominated in almost all cases.In the occurrence of electrolytes,ΔHm0 andΔSm0 values indicate that micellization processes are both entropy&enthalpy restricted at upper temperature but it becomes totally entropy dependent at higher temperature.The higher positiveΔSm0 values indicate the enhanced hydrophobic interaction in presence of salts.The enthalpy-entropy compensation was determined from the linear relationship betweenΔHm0 andΔSm0 values in every state.Different transfer energies as well as compensation temperature and intrinsic enthalpy were also evaluated and the behaviors were comparable to other biological system.展开更多
AIM:To characterize longitudinally the inflammation and the gut microbiota dynamics in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS:In animal models,the most common method used to trigger colit...AIM:To characterize longitudinally the inflammation and the gut microbiota dynamics in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS:In animal models,the most common method used to trigger colitis is based on the oral administration of the sulfated polysaccharides DSS.The murine DSS colitis model has been widely adopted to induce severe acute,chronic or semi-chronic colitis,and has been validated as an important model for the translation of mice data to human inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).However,it is now clear that models characterized by mild intestinal damage are more accurate for studying the effects of therapeutic agents.For this reason,we have developed a murine model of mild colitis to study longitudinally the inflammation and microbiota dynamics during the intestinal repair processes,and to obtain data suitable to support the recovery of gut microbiota-host homeostasis.RESULTS:All plasma cytokines evaluated,except IL-17,began to increase(P<0.05),after 7 d of DSS administration.IL-17 only began to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal.IL-1βand IL-17 continue to increase during the recovery phase,even when clinical signs of colitis had disappeared.IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γreached their maxima 4 d after DSS withdrawal and decreased during the late recovery phase.TNFαreached a peak(a three-fold increase,P<0.05),after which it slightly decreased,only to increase again close to the end of the recovery phase.DSS administration induced profound and rapid changes in the mice gut microbiota.After 3 d of DSS administration,we observed a major reduction in Bacteroidetes/Prevotella and a corresponding increase in Bacillaceae,with respect to control mice.In particular,Bacteroidetes/Prevotella decreased from a relative abundance of 59.42%-33.05%,while Bacillaceae showed a concomitant increase from 2.77%to 10.52%.Gut microbiota rapidly shifted toward a healthy profile during the recovery phase and returned normal 4 d after DSS withdrawal.Cyclooxygenase 2 expression started to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal(P<0.05),when dysbiosis had recovered,and continued to increase during the recovery phase.Taken together,these data indicated that a chronic phase of intestinal inflammation,characterized by the absence of dysbiosis,could be obtained in mice using a single DSS cycle.CONCLUSION:Dysbiosis contributes to the local and systemic inflammation that occurs in the DSS model of colitis;however,chronic bowel inflammation is maintained even after recovery from dysbiosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sulfasalazine has been used as a standard-of-care in ulcerative colitis for decades,however,it results in severe adverse symptoms,such as hepatotoxicity,blood disorders,male infertility,and hypospermia.Acco...BACKGROUND Sulfasalazine has been used as a standard-of-care in ulcerative colitis for decades,however,it results in severe adverse symptoms,such as hepatotoxicity,blood disorders,male infertility,and hypospermia.Accordingly,the new treatment strategy has to enhance pharmacological efficacy and stimultaneously minimize side effects.AIM To compare the anti-inflammatory action of sulfasalazine alone or in combination with herbal medicine for ulcerative colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.METHODS To induce ulcerative colitis,mice received 5%DSS in drinking water for 7 d.Animals were divided into five groups(n=9 each)for use as normal(non-DSS),DSS controls,DSS+sulfasalazine(30 mg/kg)-treatment experimentals,DSS+sulfasalazine(60 mg/kg)-treatment experimentals,DSS+sulfasalazine(30 mg/kg)+Citrus unshiu peel and Bupleuri radix mixture(30 mg/kg)(SCPB)-treatment experimentals.RESULTS The SCPB treatment showed an outstanding effectiveness in counteracting the ulcerative colitis,as evidenced by reduction in body weight,improvement in crypt morphology,increase in antioxidant defenses,down-regulation of proinflammatory proteins and cytokines,and inhibition of proteins related to apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSCPB may represent a promising alternative therapeutic against ulcerative colitis,without inducing adverse effects.展开更多
A sensitive and simple solid phase extraction method for the simultaneous determination of trace and toxic metals in environmental samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of Zinc, Iron and Cop...A sensitive and simple solid phase extraction method for the simultaneous determination of trace and toxic metals in environmental samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of Zinc, Iron and Copper on SDS-coated alumina nanoparticles, which is also modified with 3-mercapto-D-valine. The retained analyte ions on modified solid phase were eluted using 5 mL of 4 mol·L﹣1 HNO3. The analyte determination was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of some metal ion and anions on the recoveries of understudy analyte ion were investigated. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH, ligand and SDS amount, eluting solution (type and concentrations) and sample volume on metal ions recoveries were investigated. The extraction efficiency was > 98% with relative standard deviation lower than 3% the method has been successfully applied for the extraction and determination of these ions content in some real samples. Prepared adsorbent was characterized by SEM and FT-IR measurements.展开更多
Hollow calcium carbonate(CaCO3) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate(Tween20) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The microspheres were characterized...Hollow calcium carbonate(CaCO3) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate(Tween20) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals.The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated.The results suggested that the"core-shell model"of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates,which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres.The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.展开更多
Objective:To assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of ferruginol on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)stimulated ulcerative colitis mice.Methods:Ulcerative colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 J mice by administering 2%of DSS thr...Objective:To assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of ferruginol on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)stimulated ulcerative colitis mice.Methods:Ulcerative colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 J mice by administering 2%of DSS through drinking water for 7 d.The mice in the treatment group were treated with DAA+50 mg/kg/day ferruginol orally.In the positive control group,sulfasalazine(50 mg/kg/day)was used alongside with DSS.After induction,the bodyweight,character of stool and feces occult blood were recorded daily,the disease activity index was calculated,and the colon length,colon weight,and spleen weight were recorded.The myeloperoxidase activity was assayed by spectrophotometry.Interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-αwere determined by ELISA method,and nuclear factor-κB,cyclooxygenase-2,matrix metalloproteinases-9,and inducible nitric oxide synthase by Western blotting assays.Results:Ferruginol significantly increased the bodyweight,colon weight,colon length,and decreased disease activity index and spleen weight.It exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice by reducing the activities of myeloperoxidase,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear factor-κB,IL-1β,cyclooxygenase-2,matrix metalloproteinases-9,IL-6,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Conclusions:Ferruginol could be used to treat ulcerative colitis by attenuating the inflammation in colon cells and maintaining colonic mucosal barrier integrity.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200084)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1903205 and 31972971)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.
文摘Foam stability tests were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)surfactant and SiO2 nanoparticles as foaming system at different asphaltene concentrations,and the half-life of CO_(2) foam was measured.The mechanism of foam stability reduction in the presence of asphaltene was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),UV adsorption spectrophotometric concentration measurement and Zeta potential measurement.When the mass ratio of synthetic oil to foam-formation suspension was 1:9 and the asphaltene mass fraction increased from 0 to 15%,the half-life of SDS-stabilized foams decreased from 751 s to 239 s,and the half-life of SDS/silica-stabilized foams decreased from 912 s to 298 s.When the mass ratio of synthetic oil to foam-formation suspension was 2:8 and the asphaltene mass fraction increased from 0 to 15%,the half-life of SDS-stabilized foams decreased from 526 s to 171 s,and the half-life of SDS/silica-stabilized foams decreased from 660 s to 205 s.In addition,due to asphaltene-SDS/silica interaction in the aqueous phase,the absolute value of Zeta potential decreases,and the surface charges of particles reduce,leading to the reduction of repulsive forces between two interfaces of thin liquid film,which in turn,damages the foam stability.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Xiamen, China (No. 3502Z20173018)。
文摘The double salt of glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride(glucosamine-SP) is an important pharmaceuticals ingredient for healing osteoarthritis. However, the study about its industrial production is rarely documented, let alone the optimization over the whole process to produce glucosamine-SP using glucosamine hydrochloride and anhydrous sodium sulfate as synthetic raw materials. In order to improve the production efficiency, this study screened the process parameters based on the concept of quality by design(QbD), optimized 13 operational parameters related to reaction and separation in the process, and finally proposed the mixed dropping process. The reaction conditions for the preparation of glucosamineSP were found as follows: the molar ratio of anhydrous sodium sulfate to glucosamine hydrochloride is 0.42, the mass ratio of water to glucosamine hydrochloride is is 2.0, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 h. Through step-by-step scaling up following QbD, the mixed dropping process was successfully applied to achieve a trial production of 200 kg products satisfying national quality standards.In all, the results of this study have high technical value and guiding significance for the industrial mass production of glucosamine-SP.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51961026)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University(Project No.2019-9166-27060003)。
文摘The corrosion inhibition behavior of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy in NaCl solution with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)was investigated by hydrogen analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electrochemical test,scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)and computational methods.Results showed that the corrosion resistance of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy in NaCl solution was effectively improved with SDS.The SEM and SKPFM results confirmed a dense,200 nm-thick SDS-adsorbed layer had formed on the alloy surface.The separation energy ΔE_(gap) and adsorption energy E_(ads) of SDS on the Mg surface were calculated by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations,respectively.And the corrosion inhibition mechanism was hypothesized and described.
基金Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs,Office of Research and Development(Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development)No.BX001155
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,are complex diseases that result from the chronic dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is not fully understood,but it is accepted that it occurs when an inappropriate aggressive inflammatory respon-se in a genetically susceptible host due to inciting environmental factors occurs. To investigate the path-ogenesis and etiology of human IBD,various animal models of IBD have been developed that provided indispensable insights into the histopathological and morphological changes as well as factors associated with the pathogenesis of IBD and evaluation of therapeutic options in the last few decades. The most widely used experimental model employs dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) to induce epithelial damage. The DSS colitis model in IBD research has advantages over other various chemically induced experimental models due to its rapidity,simplicity,reproducibility and controllability. In this manuscript,we review the newer publicized advances of research in murine colitis models that focus upon the disruption of the barrier function of the intestine,effects of mucin on the development of colitis,alterations found in microbial balance and resultant changes in the metabolome specifically in the DSS colitis murine model and its relation to the pathogenesis of IBD.
基金Supported by Korea Healthcare Technology R and D Project No.HI12C0193(A120241)the Ministry for Health,Welfare,and Family Affairs,South Korea
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were fed 3.5%(g/L)dextran sulfate sodium.On day seven,the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 1×106 MSCs.The survival rate,disease activity index values,and body weight,were monitored daily.On day ten,colon lengths and histopathologic changes were assessed.In addition,immunoregulatory changes following MSC administration were evaluated by determining the levels of effector T cell responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes,and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in homogenized colons.RESULTS:Intraperitoneal administration of MSCs did not prevent development of colitis and did not reduce the clinicopathologic severity of IBD.No significant difference was evident in either survival rate or disease activity index score between the control and MSCtreated group.Day ten-sacrificed mice exhibited no significant difference in either colon length or histopathologic findings.Indeed,the MSC-treated group exhibited elevated levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and transforming growth factor-β,and a reduced level of IL-10,in spleens,mesenteric lymph nodes,and homogenized colons.The IL-17 level was lower in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the MSC-treated group(P=0.0126).In homogenized colons,the IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α(P=0.0092)expression levels were also lower in the treated group.CONCLUSION:MSC infusion provided no significanthistopathologic or clinical improvement,thus representing a limited therapeutic approach for IBD.Functional enhancement of MSCs is needed in further study.
基金supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the Clinical Center, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the National Institutes of Health and CAPES (Coordination for the Training of Higher Education Personnel Ministry of Education) from Brazil
文摘AIM To investigate the temporal clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune profiles of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS Acute colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 female mice by administration of 1%, 2% or 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 d. Animals were monitored daily for weight loss, stool consistency and blood in the stool, while spleens and colons were harvested on day 8. A time course analysis was performed in mice ingesting 3% DSS, which included colon proteomics through multiplex assay, colon histological scoring by a blinded investigator, and immune response through flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry of the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and colon.RESULTS Progressive worsening of clinical colitis was observed with increasing DSS from 1% to 3%. In mice ingesting 3% DSS, colon shortening and increase in proinflammatory factors starting at day 3 was observed, with increased spleen weights at day 6 and day 8. This coincided with cellular infiltration in the colon from day 2 to day 8, with progressive accumulation of macrophages F4/80^+, T helper CD4^+(Th), T cytotoxic CD8^+(Tcyt) and T regulatory CD25^+(Treg) cells, and progressive changes in colonic pathology including destruction of crypts, loss of goblet cells and depletion of the epithelial barrier. Starting on day 4, mesenteric lymph node and/or spleen presented with lower levels of Treg, Th and Tcyt cells, suggesting an immune cell tropism to the gut. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the severity of experimental colitis is dependent on DSS concentration, correlated with clinical, proteomic, histological and cellular immune response on 3% DSS.
文摘AIM: To investigate the preventive effect of kefir on colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in rats.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar-albino rats were randomized into four groups: normal control,kefircontrol,colitis,and kefir-colitis groups. Rats in the normal and kefir-control groups were administered tap water as drinking water for 14 d. Rats in the colitis and kefir-colitis groups were administered a 3% DSS solution as drinking water for 8-14 d to induce colitis. Rats in the kefir-control and kefir-colitis groups were administered 5 m L kefir once a day for 14 d while rats in the normal control and colitis group were administered an identical volume of the placebo(skim milk) using an orogastric feeding tube. Clinical colitis was evaluated with reference to the disease activity index(DAI),based on daily weight loss,stool consistency,and presence of bleeding in feces. Rats were sacrificed on the 15 th day,blood specimens were collected,and colon tissues were rapidly removed. Levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-10,malondialdehyde,and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) were measured in colon tissue.RESULTS: The DAI was lower in the kefir-colitis group than in the colitis group(on the 3rd and 5th days of colitis induction; P < 0.01). The DAI was also significantly higher in the colitis group between days 2 and 6 of colitis induction when compared to the normal control and kefir-control groups. The DAI was statistically higher only on the 6th day in the kefircolitis group when compared to that in the normal control groups. Increased colon weight and decreased colon length were observed in colitis-induced rats. Mean colon length in the colitis group was significantly shorter than that of the kefir-control group. Kefir treatment significantly decreased histologic colitis scores(P < 0.05). MPO activity in the colitis group was significantly higher than in the kefir-control group(P < 0.05). Kefir treatment significantly reduced the DSS colitis-induced TNF-α increase(P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed among groups for IL-10 and MDA levels. Colon tissue i NOS levels in the colitis group were significantly higher than those in the control and kefir-colitis groups(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Kefir reduces the clinical DAI and histologic colitis scores in a DSS-induced colitis model,possibly via reduction of MPO,TNF-α,and i NOS levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51774153 and 92062110)。
文摘Ameliorating the problem of low leaching efficiency,long leaching period,and high agent consumption should be studied to efficiently exploit ion-absorbed rare earth ore resources.In this study,the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) is used to enhance the leaching effect of an ion-absorbed rare earth ore by ameliorating the seepage effect for the first time.The effects of surfactant concentration,leaching agent dosage,solution flow velocity,and solution pH on the leaching rate were explored,and the mechanism of SDS was discussed.Under the optimum conditions,the addition of a small amount of SDS(mass fraction0.04%) can increase the leaching rate by about 5%,shorten the leaching period,and reduce the consumption of the leaching agent.SDS significantly ameliorates the seepage effect of the ore body by reducing the surface tension of the leaching agent and ameliorating the wettability of the mineral surface.This effect is the main factor that improves the leaching efficiency.DFT(density functional theory) calculation results show that SDS can react with rare earth ions,which reduces the adsorption strength on clay mineral surfaces.Hence,rare earth ions are easily exchanged by ammonium ions,and mass transfer is enhanced.
基金Supported by(in part)A pilot/feasibility grant from NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseaseCenter Grant P30 DK56338(for Kwon S)the Schissler Foundation Fellowship for Translational Studies of Common Human Diseases(for Agollah GD)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether dermal lymphatic function and architecture are systemically altered in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute colitis.METHODS: Balb/c mice were administered 4% DSS in lieu of drinking water ad libitum for 7 d and monitored to assess disease activity including body weight, diarrhea severity, and fecal bleeding. Control mice received standard drinking water with no DSS. Changes in mesenteric lymphatics were assessed following oral administration of a fluorescently-labelled fatty acid analogue, while dermal lymphatic function and architecture was longitudinally characterized using dynamic near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF) imaging following intradermal injection of indocyanine green(ICG) at the base of the tail or to the dorsal aspect of the left paw prior to, 4, and 7 d after DSSadministration. We also measured dye clearance rate after injection of Alexa680-bovine serum albumin(BSA). NIRF imaging data was analyzed to reveal lymphatic contractile activity after selecting fixed regions of interest(ROIs) of the same size in fluorescent lymphatic vessels on fluorescence images. The averaged fluorescence intensity within the ROI of each fluorescence image was plotted as a function of imaging time and the lymphatic contraction frequency was computed by assessing the number of fluorescent pulses arriving at a ROI. RESULTS: Mice treated with DSS developed acute inflammation with clinical symptoms of loss of body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea, and fecal blood, all of which were aggravated as disease progressed to 7 d. Histological examination of colons of DSS-treated mice confirmed acute inflammation, characterized by segmental to complete loss of colonic mucosa with an associated chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate that extended into the deeper layers of the wall of the colon, compared to control mice. In situ intravital imaging revealed that mice with acute colitis showed significantly fewer fluorescent mesenteric lymphatic vessels, indicating impaired uptake of a lipid tracer within mesenteric lymphatics. Our in vivo NIRF imaging data demonstrated dilated dermal lymphatic vessels, which were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of lymphatic vessels, and significantly reduced lymphatic contractile function in the skin of mice with DSS-induced acute colitis. Quantification of the fluorescent intensity remaining in the depot as a function of time showed that there was significantly higher Alexa680-BSA fluorescence in mice with DSSinduced acute colitis compared to pre-treatment with DSS, indicative of impaired lymphatic drainage.CONCLUSION: The lymphatics are locally and systemically altered in acute colitis, and functional NIRF imaging is useful for noninvasively monitoring systemic lymphatic changes during inflammation.
基金Funded by the State"the Ninth-Five-year Plan "Item (96-535-33-5)
文摘The hydration characteristics by thermal analysis ( DTA ) were determined, and an isothermal calorimeter (IC) was used to study the pastes . The experimental results indicate: (1) The main hydration products of SSC are C-S-H( I ) gel with a low Ca/Si ratio, crystalline Thomsonite-type and AFt-type phases containing certain alkali cations; (2) No phases of the AFm-type and high alkaline Ca( OH)2 in SSC system could benefit the hydrated cements to improve its strength and durability; (3) Crystalline Thomsonite-type and AFt-type phases containing Na+ will greatly reduce free alkali and alleviate the harmness of alkali aggregate reaction ( AAR) in SSC system; (4) Similar to ordinary Portland cement( OPC), the hydration process of SSC could be classified into five stages : initial, induction, acceleration, deceleration and decay; (5) Regardless of the activator used, the apparent activation energy is higher with the increased slag in cement system, and the rising temperature could promote the hydration of SSC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81704059Scientific Research Project of Hebei Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration,No.2017130。
文摘BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many complications.AIM To explore the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin(PNS) against dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway inhibition in rats.METHODS Colitis rat models were generated via DSS induction, and rats were divided into control(no modeling), DSS, DSS + PNS 50 mg/k, and DSS + PNS 100 mg/kg groups. Then, the intestinal injury, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory indices, tight junction proteins, apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and TLR4/AKT signaling pathway in colon tissues from rats in each of the groups were detected. The PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in the colon tissue of rats was blocked using the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor, LY294002.RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the DSS group showed significantly shortened colon lengths, and significantly increased disease activity indices, oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory indices, as well as significantly decreased expression of tight junction-associated proteins. In addition, the DSS group showed significantly increased apoptotic cell numbers,and showed significantly increased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues.They also showed significantly decreased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(all P < 0.05). Compared with rats in the DSS group, rats in the DSS + PNS group showed significantly lengthened colon lengths, decreased disease activity indices, and significantly alleviated oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory responses. In addition, this group showed significantly increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins, significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers, and significantly decreased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues. This group further showed significantly increased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, and significantly suppressed activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as well as a dose dependency(all P < 0.05). When the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of colon tissue cells in the DSS + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of the DSS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION PNS can protect rats against DSS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and therefore may be potentially used in the future as a drug for colitis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31370921Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2015020515
文摘AIM To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = 10/group): normal group, selenium(Se) group, chronic colitis group, and Se + chronic colitis group. The mice were sacrificed on day 26. Survival rates, clinical symptoms, colon length, and histological changes were determined. The percentages and absolute numbers of immune system cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes(LPL) of the colon, the expression of m RNA in colon tissue, and the concentrations of Th1, Th17, and Treg cytokines in LPL from the large intestine, were measured.RESULTS Se significantly ameliorated the symptoms of colitis and histological injury(P < 0.05 each), increasing the proportions of neutrophils and CD4+ CD25+ T cells(P < 0.05 each) and decreasing the proportions of γδT cells, CD4+, CD4+CD44+, and CD4+ CD69+ T cells in LPL(P < 0.05 each). Moreover, Se reduced the expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17 A, IL-21, T-bet, and RORγt(P < 0.05 each), but enhanced the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3(P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se protects against DSSinduced chronic colitis perhaps by increasing the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs that suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and populations of Th1, Th17, and γδT cells.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.(D-403-130-1441).
文摘Interactions of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFH)with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)were investigated by conductivity measurement in H2O/electrolyte solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4&Na3PO4)over 298.15–318.15 K temperature range(with 5 K interval)considering the human body temperature.In all cases,two critical micelle concentrations(c*)were observed which are increased in the presence of drug and decreased in the presence of salts enunciating the presence of interaction amongst the studied components.For(CPFH+SDS)system in the presence of salt,the c*values at 303.15 K and I=0.50 mmol·kg^-1 followed the order:CNaCl>CNa2SO4>CNa3PO4.TheΔG1,m0 andΔG2,m0values are found to be negative for all systems that show that the micellization process is thermodynamically spontaneous.For(CPFH+SDS)system in water,theΔHm0&ΔSm0 values reveal that the micellization processes is both entropy dominated in almost all cases.In the occurrence of electrolytes,ΔHm0 andΔSm0 values indicate that micellization processes are both entropy&enthalpy restricted at upper temperature but it becomes totally entropy dependent at higher temperature.The higher positiveΔSm0 values indicate the enhanced hydrophobic interaction in presence of salts.The enthalpy-entropy compensation was determined from the linear relationship betweenΔHm0 andΔSm0 values in every state.Different transfer energies as well as compensation temperature and intrinsic enthalpy were also evaluated and the behaviors were comparable to other biological system.
文摘AIM:To characterize longitudinally the inflammation and the gut microbiota dynamics in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS:In animal models,the most common method used to trigger colitis is based on the oral administration of the sulfated polysaccharides DSS.The murine DSS colitis model has been widely adopted to induce severe acute,chronic or semi-chronic colitis,and has been validated as an important model for the translation of mice data to human inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).However,it is now clear that models characterized by mild intestinal damage are more accurate for studying the effects of therapeutic agents.For this reason,we have developed a murine model of mild colitis to study longitudinally the inflammation and microbiota dynamics during the intestinal repair processes,and to obtain data suitable to support the recovery of gut microbiota-host homeostasis.RESULTS:All plasma cytokines evaluated,except IL-17,began to increase(P<0.05),after 7 d of DSS administration.IL-17 only began to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal.IL-1βand IL-17 continue to increase during the recovery phase,even when clinical signs of colitis had disappeared.IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γreached their maxima 4 d after DSS withdrawal and decreased during the late recovery phase.TNFαreached a peak(a three-fold increase,P<0.05),after which it slightly decreased,only to increase again close to the end of the recovery phase.DSS administration induced profound and rapid changes in the mice gut microbiota.After 3 d of DSS administration,we observed a major reduction in Bacteroidetes/Prevotella and a corresponding increase in Bacillaceae,with respect to control mice.In particular,Bacteroidetes/Prevotella decreased from a relative abundance of 59.42%-33.05%,while Bacillaceae showed a concomitant increase from 2.77%to 10.52%.Gut microbiota rapidly shifted toward a healthy profile during the recovery phase and returned normal 4 d after DSS withdrawal.Cyclooxygenase 2 expression started to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal(P<0.05),when dysbiosis had recovered,and continued to increase during the recovery phase.Taken together,these data indicated that a chronic phase of intestinal inflammation,characterized by the absence of dysbiosis,could be obtained in mice using a single DSS cycle.CONCLUSION:Dysbiosis contributes to the local and systemic inflammation that occurs in the DSS model of colitis;however,chronic bowel inflammation is maintained even after recovery from dysbiosis.
基金Traditional Korean Medicine R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),No.HI15C00255and National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIP),No.2018R1A5A2025272.
文摘BACKGROUND Sulfasalazine has been used as a standard-of-care in ulcerative colitis for decades,however,it results in severe adverse symptoms,such as hepatotoxicity,blood disorders,male infertility,and hypospermia.Accordingly,the new treatment strategy has to enhance pharmacological efficacy and stimultaneously minimize side effects.AIM To compare the anti-inflammatory action of sulfasalazine alone or in combination with herbal medicine for ulcerative colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model.METHODS To induce ulcerative colitis,mice received 5%DSS in drinking water for 7 d.Animals were divided into five groups(n=9 each)for use as normal(non-DSS),DSS controls,DSS+sulfasalazine(30 mg/kg)-treatment experimentals,DSS+sulfasalazine(60 mg/kg)-treatment experimentals,DSS+sulfasalazine(30 mg/kg)+Citrus unshiu peel and Bupleuri radix mixture(30 mg/kg)(SCPB)-treatment experimentals.RESULTS The SCPB treatment showed an outstanding effectiveness in counteracting the ulcerative colitis,as evidenced by reduction in body weight,improvement in crypt morphology,increase in antioxidant defenses,down-regulation of proinflammatory proteins and cytokines,and inhibition of proteins related to apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSCPB may represent a promising alternative therapeutic against ulcerative colitis,without inducing adverse effects.
文摘A sensitive and simple solid phase extraction method for the simultaneous determination of trace and toxic metals in environmental samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of Zinc, Iron and Copper on SDS-coated alumina nanoparticles, which is also modified with 3-mercapto-D-valine. The retained analyte ions on modified solid phase were eluted using 5 mL of 4 mol·L﹣1 HNO3. The analyte determination was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of some metal ion and anions on the recoveries of understudy analyte ion were investigated. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH, ligand and SDS amount, eluting solution (type and concentrations) and sample volume on metal ions recoveries were investigated. The extraction efficiency was > 98% with relative standard deviation lower than 3% the method has been successfully applied for the extraction and determination of these ions content in some real samples. Prepared adsorbent was characterized by SEM and FT-IR measurements.
基金Supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2082021)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (2011BAE06B06-2)
文摘Hollow calcium carbonate(CaCO3) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate(Tween20) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals.The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated.The results suggested that the"core-shell model"of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates,which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres.The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.
文摘Objective:To assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of ferruginol on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)stimulated ulcerative colitis mice.Methods:Ulcerative colitis was induced in C57 BL/6 J mice by administering 2%of DSS through drinking water for 7 d.The mice in the treatment group were treated with DAA+50 mg/kg/day ferruginol orally.In the positive control group,sulfasalazine(50 mg/kg/day)was used alongside with DSS.After induction,the bodyweight,character of stool and feces occult blood were recorded daily,the disease activity index was calculated,and the colon length,colon weight,and spleen weight were recorded.The myeloperoxidase activity was assayed by spectrophotometry.Interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-αwere determined by ELISA method,and nuclear factor-κB,cyclooxygenase-2,matrix metalloproteinases-9,and inducible nitric oxide synthase by Western blotting assays.Results:Ferruginol significantly increased the bodyweight,colon weight,colon length,and decreased disease activity index and spleen weight.It exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice by reducing the activities of myeloperoxidase,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear factor-κB,IL-1β,cyclooxygenase-2,matrix metalloproteinases-9,IL-6,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Conclusions:Ferruginol could be used to treat ulcerative colitis by attenuating the inflammation in colon cells and maintaining colonic mucosal barrier integrity.
