为了更深入的了解复垦地不同植物配置模式的群落学特征,更好的进行复垦地不同植物配置模式物种多样性监测,采用CTFS(Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建立标准,于2010年在安太堡露天矿区排土场复垦地建立了刺槐+油松混交林配置...为了更深入的了解复垦地不同植物配置模式的群落学特征,更好的进行复垦地不同植物配置模式物种多样性监测,采用CTFS(Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建立标准,于2010年在安太堡露天矿区排土场复垦地建立了刺槐+油松混交林配置模式的固定监测样地。通过对野外调查资料的初步分析以及与复垦初期种植模式对比研究得出:复垦17年后,样地内除刺槐和油松外,还有入侵定居种榆树,共10073个活个体,样地内整体存活情况较好,枯死个体仅占样地内个体总数的0.7%。复垦17年后样地优势种为刺槐,从胸高断面积和重要值方面均表现出明显的优势度。样地内所有个体径级呈明显倒"J"型分布,总体更新状况较好;各树种的径级结构呈峰型或"L"型。在树种的空间分布格局上,初期种植刺槐和油松均呈明显均匀分布,复垦17年后刺槐、油松和榆树的空间分布与种子性质和生境密切相关,且由于初期植被根系覆盖率低,地形土壤条件较不稳定,自然滑动及雨水冲刷造成了复垦17年后刺槐和油松个体发生了一定的位移。展开更多
Based on the analyses of sulfur and 41 other elements in 8 channel samples of the No. 11 coal seam from Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi, China and 4 samples from the coal preparation plant of this mine, the distribution...Based on the analyses of sulfur and 41 other elements in 8 channel samples of the No. 11 coal seam from Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi, China and 4 samples from the coal preparation plant of this mine, the distribution of the elements in the seam profile, their geo-chemical partitioning behavior during the coal cleaning and the genetic relationships between the both are studied. The conclusions are drawn as follows. The coal-forming environment was probably invaded by sea water during the post-stage of peatification, which results in the fact that the contents of As, Fe, S, etc. associated closely with sea water tend to increase toward the top of the seam, and that the kaolinite changes into illite and montmorillonite in the coal-sublayer near the roof. These elements studied are dominantly associated with kaolinite, pyrite, illite, montmorillonite, etc., of which the As, Pb, Mn, Cs, Co, Ni, etc. are mainly associated with sulfides, the Mo, V, Nb, Hf, REEs, Ta etc. mainly with kaolintie, the Mg, Al etc. mainly with epigenetic montmorillonite, and the Rb, Cr, Ba, Cu, K, Hg, etc. mainly with epigenetic illite. The physical coal cleaning is not only effective in the removal of ash and sulfur, but also in reducing the concentra-tion of most major and trace elements. The elements Be, U, Sb, W, Br, Se, P, etc. are largely or partly organically bound showing a relatively low removability, while the removability of the other elements studied is more than 20%, of which the Mg, Mn, Hg, Fe, As, K, Al, Cs, and Cr associ-ated mostly with the coarser or epigenetic minerals show a higher removability than that of ash. The distribution of the elements in the seam profile controls their partitioning behavior to a great degree during the coal cleaning processes.展开更多
文摘为了更深入的了解复垦地不同植物配置模式的群落学特征,更好的进行复垦地不同植物配置模式物种多样性监测,采用CTFS(Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建立标准,于2010年在安太堡露天矿区排土场复垦地建立了刺槐+油松混交林配置模式的固定监测样地。通过对野外调查资料的初步分析以及与复垦初期种植模式对比研究得出:复垦17年后,样地内除刺槐和油松外,还有入侵定居种榆树,共10073个活个体,样地内整体存活情况较好,枯死个体仅占样地内个体总数的0.7%。复垦17年后样地优势种为刺槐,从胸高断面积和重要值方面均表现出明显的优势度。样地内所有个体径级呈明显倒"J"型分布,总体更新状况较好;各树种的径级结构呈峰型或"L"型。在树种的空间分布格局上,初期种植刺槐和油松均呈明显均匀分布,复垦17年后刺槐、油松和榆树的空间分布与种子性质和生境密切相关,且由于初期植被根系覆盖率低,地形土壤条件较不稳定,自然滑动及雨水冲刷造成了复垦17年后刺槐和油松个体发生了一定的位移。
文摘Based on the analyses of sulfur and 41 other elements in 8 channel samples of the No. 11 coal seam from Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi, China and 4 samples from the coal preparation plant of this mine, the distribution of the elements in the seam profile, their geo-chemical partitioning behavior during the coal cleaning and the genetic relationships between the both are studied. The conclusions are drawn as follows. The coal-forming environment was probably invaded by sea water during the post-stage of peatification, which results in the fact that the contents of As, Fe, S, etc. associated closely with sea water tend to increase toward the top of the seam, and that the kaolinite changes into illite and montmorillonite in the coal-sublayer near the roof. These elements studied are dominantly associated with kaolinite, pyrite, illite, montmorillonite, etc., of which the As, Pb, Mn, Cs, Co, Ni, etc. are mainly associated with sulfides, the Mo, V, Nb, Hf, REEs, Ta etc. mainly with kaolintie, the Mg, Al etc. mainly with epigenetic montmorillonite, and the Rb, Cr, Ba, Cu, K, Hg, etc. mainly with epigenetic illite. The physical coal cleaning is not only effective in the removal of ash and sulfur, but also in reducing the concentra-tion of most major and trace elements. The elements Be, U, Sb, W, Br, Se, P, etc. are largely or partly organically bound showing a relatively low removability, while the removability of the other elements studied is more than 20%, of which the Mg, Mn, Hg, Fe, As, K, Al, Cs, and Cr associ-ated mostly with the coarser or epigenetic minerals show a higher removability than that of ash. The distribution of the elements in the seam profile controls their partitioning behavior to a great degree during the coal cleaning processes.
