Recently,we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract(OJE)displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not b...Recently,we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract(OJE)displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified.Thus,this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia.We treated the animals by intragastrical injection of OJE(100 and 200 mg/kg)once daily for 1 week prior to transient global cerebral ischemia.Neuroprotection of OJE was observed by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen and histofluorescence staining for Fluoro-Jade B.Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 was done for astrocytosis and microgliosis,respectively.To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE,we performed immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 for pro-inflammatory function and interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for anti-inflammatory function.When we treated the animals by intragastrical administration of 200 mg/kg of OJE,hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from transient global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia-induced gliosis was inhibited in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area.We also found that interleukin-4 and-13 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of the ischemic CA1 area after OJE pretreatment,and the increased immunoreactivities were sustained in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,OJE pretreatment did not increase interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons.Our findings suggest that pretreatment with OJE can protect neurons and attenuate gliosis from transient global cerebral ischemia via increasing expressions of interleukin-4 and-13.The experimental plan of this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)in Kangwon National University(approval No.KW-160802-1)on August 10,2016.展开更多
Objective:To examine array of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines,namely, interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-5(IL-5), interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-12(IL-12) and tumor ...Objective:To examine array of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines,namely, interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-5(IL-5), interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-12(IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) concentrations in some Nigerians with falciparum malaria.Methods:Sera were obtained from the blood samples of 96 Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum infection.The sera were subjected to cytokine evaluation using commercial standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits(Abcam,UK).Results:Mean pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of children with uncomplicated and complicated malaria were IL-5 482.2 pg/mL versus 526.7 pg/mL,IL-6 98.8 pg/mL versus 82.6 pg/mL,IL-12 24.1 pg/mL versus 15.9 pg/mL,TNF-α107 pg/mL versus 511.7 pg/mL and IFN- 7 2.1 pg/mL versus 2.5 pg/mL.The anti-inflammatory cytokines status of IL-4 were 4.7 pg/mL versus 20.3 pg/mL,and IL-10 were 216 pg/mL versus 143.8 pg/mL in uncomplicated versus complicated/severe malaria cases.Participants with uncomplicated malaria had mean parasitaemia level of 3 158.9 parasites/μL while mean parasitaemia level for participants with complicated malaria was 12 550.5 parasite/μL and this difference was statistically significant(χ~2 =5 614.6,P【0.05).The difference between mean haemoglobin level for uncomplicated malaria(9.6 g/dL) and severe malaria(3.9 g/dL) was statistically significant (χ~2 = 2.3,P【0.05).The relationship between serum level of IL-6,IL-12,IFN-γ,IL-10 and IL-4 and ages showed positive correlation at r=0.92,0.99,0.86,0.95 and 0.85,respectively;while IL-5 and TNF-αhad negative correlation at r=-0.99 and -0.99,respectively.Conclusion: IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,TNF-αand IFN-γare involved in the immunopathology and immunoregulation of uncomplicated and complicated malaria infections.IL-6,IL-12,IFN-γand IL-10 depressed in complicated/severe malaria may not provide any protective immunity and may be indicators of poor prognosis in Plasmodium falciparum infected Nigerian children.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between white blood cells,lymphocytes,monocytes, and Interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6.IL-10 and IL-13 production in Cameroonians with Onchocerca volvulus(O.volvulus) infection.Methods...Objective:To investigate the relationship between white blood cells,lymphocytes,monocytes, and Interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6.IL-10 and IL-13 production in Cameroonians with Onchocerca volvulus(O.volvulus) infection.Methods:A lolal of 357 individuals from five sites at Upper Sanga.Lekkie.Nyoug.Kelle and Sanaga Maritime divisions and located along Sanaga valley of Sanaga River in South Cameroon were screened for the presence of O.volvulus using the skin snip.The levels of the interleukins(IL-) namely IL-1α,IL-6,IL-10 and IL-13 were evaluated using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay techniques.Haematological parameters were evaluated using standard laboratory automated analyser.Results:O.volvulus microfilariae were found in skin tissues of 85(23.81%) volunteers.The mean interleukin(IL-) levels in the 0,volvulus control and infected individuals were IL-1αin(1.65±0.79 and 2.31±0.5) pg/ml.:IL-6 in(278.36±55.34 and 20l.74±34.56) pg/ml.:IL-10 in(436.03±208.64 and 418.49±I47.88) pg/ml.and IL-13 in(8.98±7.28 and 3S.06±11.92) pg/mL.There was a negative correlation between monocyte counts and IL-10 concentration in positive individuals.A negative correlation of IL-6 with while blood cell and lymphocyte counts was observed(P【0.05).The level of IL-13 was positively associated with microfilaria]load(P【0.05).Conclusions:We observed depressed IL-6 and raised IL-13 concentrations in the sera of individuals with onchocerciasis which implicate these interleukins in the immunological responses of the disease.Therefore,these IL-6 and IL-13 are associated with O.volvulus infection among Cameroonians.展开更多
Diagnostic value of serumal levels of proinflammatory(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory(IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of immune system is investigated at 54 mammary glands sick by a cancer.The analysis ...Diagnostic value of serumal levels of proinflammatory(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory(IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of immune system is investigated at 54 mammary glands sick by a cancer.The analysis carried out has allowed to tap the raised concentration of such proinflammatory cytokines,as IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum of peripheric blood of MGC patients.The analysis of antiinflammatory cytokines in Serum of peripheric blood of MGC patients also has taped authentically raised value of IL-4 and IL-10.The obtained data testify to presence imbalance cellular and humoral factors of the immune system which studying will serve as the important diagnostic criterion of breast cancer.展开更多
This editorial refers to the article“Comparative analysis of Nε-carboxymethyllysine and inflammatory markers in diabetic and non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients”,published in the recent issue of the World...This editorial refers to the article“Comparative analysis of Nε-carboxymethyllysine and inflammatory markers in diabetic and non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients”,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes 2023 is based on glucose metabolism,advanced glycation end products(AGEs),inflammation and adiposity on diabetes and coronary artery disease(CAD).This study has included CAD patients who were stratified according to glycosylated hemoglobin higher than 6.5 and sex-matched.A higher prevalence of hypertension,dyslipidemia,and non-vegetarian diet were found in the diabetic group.These risk factors might influence body weight and adiposity and explain the increment of the left atrium.Although this data was not supported by the study.The diet can also explain the non-enzymatic reactions on lipids,proteins,or nucleic acids and consequently an increment of AGEs.These molecules can emit fluorescence.However,one of the non-fluorescent and most abundant AGEs is Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine(CML).Its association with coronary artery stenosis and severity in the diabetic group might suggest its role as a player in CAD progression.Thus,CML,after binding with its receptor(RAGE),can induce calcification cascade through reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase.Moreover,this interaction AGE-RAGE can cause activation of the transcription nuclear factor-kb and induce inflammatory cytokines.It might explain the relationship between CML and pro-inflammatory cytokines in diabetic and CAD patients.Although this is a population from one center,the determination of CML and inflammatory cytokines might improve the diagnosis of severe and progressive CAD.Future and comparative studies among glycosylated hemoglobin,CML,and other AGE levels according to diagnosis and prognosis value might modify the clinical practice.Although these molecules are irreversible,they can act through a specific receptor inducing a signal transduction that might be modulated by inhibitors,antibodies,or siRNA.Further mechanistic studies might improve the development of future preventive therapies for diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators.Method The study was c...Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators.Method The study was conducted on patients who were up to Review of Uncertainties in Confidence Assessment for Medical Tests(RUCAM)scoring criteria and clinically diagnosed with DILI.Based on Chinese herbal medicine,cardiovascular drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),antiinfective drugs,and other drugs,patients were divided into five groups.Cytokines were measured by Luminex technology.Baseline characteristics of clinical biochemical indicators and cytokines in DILI patients and their correlation were analyzed.Results 73 patients were enrolled.Age among five groups was statistically different(P=0.032).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.033)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.007)in NSAIDs group were higher than those in chinese herbal medicine group.Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in patients with Chinese herbal medicine(IL-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P<0.001)and cardiovascular medicine(IL-6:P=0.020;TNF-α:P=0.001)were lower than those in NSAIDs group.There was a positive correlation between ALT(r=0.697,P=0.025),AST(r=0.721,P=0.019),and IL-6 in NSAIDs group.Conclusion Older age may be more prone to DILI.Patients with NSAIDs have more severe liver damage in early stages of DILI,TNF-αand IL-6 may partake the inflammatory process of DILI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have sh...BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.展开更多
Various studies have attempted to understand HIV infection under a diverse range of stimulants including cytokine stimulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, have been shown to reactivate HIV latency by i...Various studies have attempted to understand HIV infection under a diverse range of stimulants including cytokine stimulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, have been shown to reactivate HIV latency by inducing NF-κB mediated activation of the HIV LTR (long terminal repeats) that contain κB transcriptional binding sites. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), an anti-viral cytokine, is not well studied as an inducer of HIV activation. However, previous work from our group has shown that HIV can block IFN-α signaling in CD4+ T cells presumably to allow for further viral replication. Initially using HEK 293T cells, we moved to CD4+ T cells lines to develop a system to determine how stimulation with different cytokines impacts signaling within T cell lines. We confirmed that in our system TNF-α triggers activation of NF-κB driven reporters but not in the presence of HIV. In addition, we show that the presence of HIV blocks IFN-α signaling. Taken together, our system demonstrates that HIV by TNF-α, will continue to block IFN-α signaling preventing it from impacting HIV activation. This system can now be used to screen for cytokine based and other molecule activators that may be influenced by the presence of HIV.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sepsis,which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality,presents a significant challenge in health care.Some scholars have found that the se...BACKGROUND Sepsis,which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality,presents a significant challenge in health care.Some scholars have found that the sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and quick SOFA scores are not ideal for predicting severe sepsis and mortality.Microbial culture takes a long time(2-3 d)and provides no information for early diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,new diagnostic methods for sepsis need to be explored.AIM To assess cytokine levels in the plasma of sepsis patients and identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis.METHODS Ten sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department within 24 h of onset were enrolled as the observation group,whereas ten noninfected patients served as the control group.Of the 10 noninfected patients,9 hypertension combined with cerebral infarction,1 patients with vertiginous syndrome.Plasma Cytokines were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro^(TM)Human Chemokine Panel 40-plex.Differentially expressed cytokines in plasma of sepsis and nonsepsis patients were analyzed using Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses.RESULTS Interleukin(IL)-16,granulocyte-macrophage granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),CX3CL1,CXCL9,CXCL16,CCL25,and CCL23 plasma levels were significantly increased in sepsis patients.GO analysis revealed that these cytokines were mainly associated with cellular structures such as intermediates,nuclear plaques,adhesion plaques,lateral plasma membranes,and cell matrix junctions.These genes were involved in various molecular functions,such as cytokine activity,receptor ligand activity,and signal receptor activator activity,contributing to various biological functions,such as leukocyte chemotaxis,migration,and chemotaxis.KEGG analysis indicated involvement in cytokine cytokine receptor interactions,chemokine signaling pathways,virus–protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors,and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Elevated serum levels of IL-16,GM-CSF,CX3CL1,CXCL9,CXCL16,CCL25,and CCL23 in sepsis patients suggest their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis.展开更多
DNA damage occurs across tumorigenesis and tumor development.Tumor intrinsic DNA damage can not only increase the risk of mutations responsible for tumor generation but also initiate a cellular stress response to orch...DNA damage occurs across tumorigenesis and tumor development.Tumor intrinsic DNA damage can not only increase the risk of mutations responsible for tumor generation but also initiate a cellular stress response to orchestrate the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)and dominate tumor progression.Accumulating evidence documents that multiple signaling pathways,including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS-STING)and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein(ATM/ATR),are activated downstream of DNA damage and they are associated with the secretion of diverse cytokines.These cytokines possess multifaced functions in the anti-tumor immune response.Thus,it is necessary to deeply interpret the complex TIME reshaped by damaged DNA and tumor-derived cytokines,critical for the development of effective tumor therapies.This manuscript comprehensively reviews the relationship between the DNA damage response and related cytokines in tumors and depicts the dual immunoregulatory roles of these cytokines.We also summarize clinical trials targeting signaling pathways and cytokines associated with DNA damage and provide future perspectives on emerging technologies.展开更多
Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlyi...Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.This study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important role.Methods:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex assay.The relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and OLR.Results:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative levels.Compared to OLR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly lower.Higher POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during operation.The levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital stay.Importantly,a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver resection.Conclusions:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.展开更多
Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lyci...Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.展开更多
The expression and clinical significance of relevant cytokines in otitis media (OM) are discussed, and the alterations to the pathological state of the otitis media mucosa are further understood through the study of c...The expression and clinical significance of relevant cytokines in otitis media (OM) are discussed, and the alterations to the pathological state of the otitis media mucosa are further understood through the study of cytokine transduction pathways. More and more studies have shown that relevant cell proliferation and inflammation progression pathways play a role in the development of otitis media, such as the Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway, which are involved in the proliferation of the middle ear mucosa during otitis media, which affects the mucosal cilia, motor function, Eustachian tube function, and the mucosal ciliary function. These studies provide new ideas for the treatment of otitis media and further explore the feasibility of immunotherapy in the future treatment of otitis media. In this paper, we present a review of the latest research progress on the expression of various cytokines in otitis media.展开更多
Anti-inflammatory activity ofRubus idaeus L. and possible mechanisms involved were explored in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The effects of ethanol extract of R. idaeus on the levels of pro-infla...Anti-inflammatory activity ofRubus idaeus L. and possible mechanisms involved were explored in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The effects of ethanol extract of R. idaeus on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alfa （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β）, as well as pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide （NO）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） were studied by Sandwich ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, the effects of ethanol extract of R. idaeus on anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 （IL-10） and anti-inflammatory mediator heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） were also investigated using the same methods. Furthermore, nuclear factor-gB （NF-κB） level was assayed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that the production of IL-1β, IL-6, NO, TNF-α and COX-2 in LPS-treated cells could be significantly inhibited （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05） by ethanol extract ofR. idaeus compared with that in the cells treated with LPS only. Meanwhile, the production of NF-r,B was also inhibited by the extract. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory activity ofR. idaeus was attributed to the down-regulation of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels as well as gene expression of iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of NF-κB activation, and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL- 10 and anti-inflammatory mediator HO- 1.展开更多
The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well recognized.However,the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully d...The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well recognized.However,the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully disentangled.To control cognitive function and behavior,the two systems are engaged in a subtle interacting act.In this scenario,a dual action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of brain network connections is emerging.Pro-inflammatory cytokines are indeed required to express physiological plasticity in the hippocampal network while being detrimental when over-expressed during uncontrolled inflammatory processes.In this dynamic equilibrium,synaptic functioning and the performance of neural networks are ensured by maintaining an appropriate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system microenvironment.展开更多
Background:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin disease.Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of AV,the exact pathophysiology remains unknown.Various lasers have been used t...Background:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin disease.Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of AV,the exact pathophysiology remains unknown.Various lasers have been used to treat AV;however,the serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines after laser therapy have not been elucidated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory changes and remission on the opposite side in patients with moderate to severe AV after treating half of the face with 595-and 1064-nm dualwavelength laser.Methods:In total,18 patients(9 male and 9 female)between 16 and 35 years of age with moderate to severe AV were evaluated in the study.Disease severity was classified according to the Pillsbury grading system of acne.Patients were randomized to receive a series of two treatment sessions at intervals of 2 weeks and followed up at 2 weeks after the final treatment.A 3 mL blood sample was drawn from every subject each time,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-22 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 2 weeks after each treatment.Improvement was determined by a blinded assessment of photographs taken before and after the final evaluation.Results:Inflammation was significantly reduced on both the treated and untreated sides,and symptoms of AV lesions were alleviated.All patients showed a significant increase in serum IL-22 levels after the first laser therapy,with no significant difference in serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels.After the second laser therapy,serum IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels were significantly decreased.No significant side effects such as bruising,edema,hyperpigmentation,hypopigmentation,or scarring were reported.Conclusion:Half-face treatment with 595-and 1064-nm dual-wavelength laser for moderate and severe AV showed a significant effect of full-face remission,which was associated with a gradual decrease in IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels after half-face topical treatment.This suggests that reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum can relieve inflammation in non-therapeutic sites.This laser treatment is effective,economical,and painless.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)in China is high,and the base is broad.Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a critical condition affecting the life and health of a nation and its economic development.DR is a c...BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)in China is high,and the base is broad.Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a critical condition affecting the life and health of a nation and its economic development.DR is a common complication of DM.AIM To investigate the efficacy of laser photocoagulation combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept for treating macular edema.METHODS Overall,130 patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)hospitalized in The Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively included.According to the treatment plan,130 patients with DME were categorized into an observation and a control group,with 65 patients in each group.The control group received laser photocoagulation,and the observation group received laser photocoagulation with intravitreal injection of conbercept.Observe changes in vision,cytokines in the eye and so on.RESULTS The total efficacy rate in the observation group(93.85%)was higher than that in the control group(78.46%)(P<0.05).In both groups,the best corrected visual acuity correction effect improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).Retinal thickness and central macular thickness improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor,interleukin-6,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,and basic fibroblast growth factor in both groups improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In patients with macular edema,combining laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of conbercept for DME is a more effective and safer strategy to improve vision,and lower intraocular cytokine levels.展开更多
The anti-inflammatory effects of the new ster-oidal antedrug, 21-acetyloxy-9α-fluoro-11β-hy-droxyl-3, 20-dioxo-1, 4-pregnadieno-[16α, 17α-d] isoxazoline (FP-ISO-21AC), on nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 8 (IL-8)...The anti-inflammatory effects of the new ster-oidal antedrug, 21-acetyloxy-9α-fluoro-11β-hy-droxyl-3, 20-dioxo-1, 4-pregnadieno-[16α, 17α-d] isoxazoline (FP-ISO-21AC), on nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production, were inves-tigated together with its parent steroid predni-solone (PRED). PRED is one of the anti-in-flammatory steroids but has systemic side ef-fects which limit the use of it. PRED was modi-fied with ‘antedrug concept’ to create safer drugs that attack problems such as inflamma-tion, then quickly become inactive before they can cause systemic side effect. We had a test about the effect of the modified anti-inflamma-tory steroidal antedrug on anti-inflammatory activity. The present study evaluated their ability to inhibit cytokine-induced NO and IL-8 produc-tion in human alveolar epithelial cells. We also investigated their ability to enhance the expres-sion of inhibitory cytokine receptor, interleukin 22 receptor (IL-22R) in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results showed that FP-ISO-21AC sh- owed higher ability to inhibit the cytokine - in-duced production of NO than PRED. Exogenous IL-22 was added to the media of both human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and human lung fibroblast (HLF-1). In the presence of the ex-ogenous inhibitory cytokine IL-22, further re-duction of NO production was observed in A549 cells, which express IL-22R, but not in HLF1, which does not express IL-22R. These data suggested that the steroidal antedrugs en-hanced the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO- 21AC showed higher potency than PRED to restore the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO-21AC further reduced NO production to 27% and PRED further reduced NO production to 39%. In con-clusion, a synthesized steroidal antedrug FP- ISO-21AC showed higher anti-inflammatory ef-fects than PRED by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator NO and stimulating the expression of IL-22R.展开更多
Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to...Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.展开更多
Myelomeningocele(MMC)is a severe form of spinal dysraphism.Due to the failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development,the affected part of the spinal cord is left open like a book at the back of the ...Myelomeningocele(MMC)is a severe form of spinal dysraphism.Due to the failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development,the affected part of the spinal cord is left open like a book at the back of the affected child.This malformed part of the spinal cord is not covered by its protective mesodermal and ectodermal derived layers.Consequently,the exposed neural tissue(i.e.,the neural placode)is prone to injuryduring further intra-uterine development.展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2017R1D1A1B03033271,to JDK)the Bio-Synergy Research Project(NRF-2018M3A9C4076478,to IJK)of the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning through the National Research Foundation
文摘Recently,we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract(OJE)displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified.Thus,this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia.We treated the animals by intragastrical injection of OJE(100 and 200 mg/kg)once daily for 1 week prior to transient global cerebral ischemia.Neuroprotection of OJE was observed by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen and histofluorescence staining for Fluoro-Jade B.Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 was done for astrocytosis and microgliosis,respectively.To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE,we performed immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 for pro-inflammatory function and interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for anti-inflammatory function.When we treated the animals by intragastrical administration of 200 mg/kg of OJE,hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from transient global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia-induced gliosis was inhibited in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area.We also found that interleukin-4 and-13 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of the ischemic CA1 area after OJE pretreatment,and the increased immunoreactivities were sustained in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,OJE pretreatment did not increase interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons.Our findings suggest that pretreatment with OJE can protect neurons and attenuate gliosis from transient global cerebral ischemia via increasing expressions of interleukin-4 and-13.The experimental plan of this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)in Kangwon National University(approval No.KW-160802-1)on August 10,2016.
文摘Objective:To examine array of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines,namely, interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-5(IL-5), interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-12(IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) concentrations in some Nigerians with falciparum malaria.Methods:Sera were obtained from the blood samples of 96 Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum infection.The sera were subjected to cytokine evaluation using commercial standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits(Abcam,UK).Results:Mean pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of children with uncomplicated and complicated malaria were IL-5 482.2 pg/mL versus 526.7 pg/mL,IL-6 98.8 pg/mL versus 82.6 pg/mL,IL-12 24.1 pg/mL versus 15.9 pg/mL,TNF-α107 pg/mL versus 511.7 pg/mL and IFN- 7 2.1 pg/mL versus 2.5 pg/mL.The anti-inflammatory cytokines status of IL-4 were 4.7 pg/mL versus 20.3 pg/mL,and IL-10 were 216 pg/mL versus 143.8 pg/mL in uncomplicated versus complicated/severe malaria cases.Participants with uncomplicated malaria had mean parasitaemia level of 3 158.9 parasites/μL while mean parasitaemia level for participants with complicated malaria was 12 550.5 parasite/μL and this difference was statistically significant(χ~2 =5 614.6,P【0.05).The difference between mean haemoglobin level for uncomplicated malaria(9.6 g/dL) and severe malaria(3.9 g/dL) was statistically significant (χ~2 = 2.3,P【0.05).The relationship between serum level of IL-6,IL-12,IFN-γ,IL-10 and IL-4 and ages showed positive correlation at r=0.92,0.99,0.86,0.95 and 0.85,respectively;while IL-5 and TNF-αhad negative correlation at r=-0.99 and -0.99,respectively.Conclusion: IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,TNF-αand IFN-γare involved in the immunopathology and immunoregulation of uncomplicated and complicated malaria infections.IL-6,IL-12,IFN-γand IL-10 depressed in complicated/severe malaria may not provide any protective immunity and may be indicators of poor prognosis in Plasmodium falciparum infected Nigerian children.
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between white blood cells,lymphocytes,monocytes, and Interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6.IL-10 and IL-13 production in Cameroonians with Onchocerca volvulus(O.volvulus) infection.Methods:A lolal of 357 individuals from five sites at Upper Sanga.Lekkie.Nyoug.Kelle and Sanaga Maritime divisions and located along Sanaga valley of Sanaga River in South Cameroon were screened for the presence of O.volvulus using the skin snip.The levels of the interleukins(IL-) namely IL-1α,IL-6,IL-10 and IL-13 were evaluated using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay techniques.Haematological parameters were evaluated using standard laboratory automated analyser.Results:O.volvulus microfilariae were found in skin tissues of 85(23.81%) volunteers.The mean interleukin(IL-) levels in the 0,volvulus control and infected individuals were IL-1αin(1.65±0.79 and 2.31±0.5) pg/ml.:IL-6 in(278.36±55.34 and 20l.74±34.56) pg/ml.:IL-10 in(436.03±208.64 and 418.49±I47.88) pg/ml.and IL-13 in(8.98±7.28 and 3S.06±11.92) pg/mL.There was a negative correlation between monocyte counts and IL-10 concentration in positive individuals.A negative correlation of IL-6 with while blood cell and lymphocyte counts was observed(P【0.05).The level of IL-13 was positively associated with microfilaria]load(P【0.05).Conclusions:We observed depressed IL-6 and raised IL-13 concentrations in the sera of individuals with onchocerciasis which implicate these interleukins in the immunological responses of the disease.Therefore,these IL-6 and IL-13 are associated with O.volvulus infection among Cameroonians.
文摘Diagnostic value of serumal levels of proinflammatory(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory(IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of immune system is investigated at 54 mammary glands sick by a cancer.The analysis carried out has allowed to tap the raised concentration of such proinflammatory cytokines,as IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum of peripheric blood of MGC patients.The analysis of antiinflammatory cytokines in Serum of peripheric blood of MGC patients also has taped authentically raised value of IL-4 and IL-10.The obtained data testify to presence imbalance cellular and humoral factors of the immune system which studying will serve as the important diagnostic criterion of breast cancer.
文摘This editorial refers to the article“Comparative analysis of Nε-carboxymethyllysine and inflammatory markers in diabetic and non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients”,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes 2023 is based on glucose metabolism,advanced glycation end products(AGEs),inflammation and adiposity on diabetes and coronary artery disease(CAD).This study has included CAD patients who were stratified according to glycosylated hemoglobin higher than 6.5 and sex-matched.A higher prevalence of hypertension,dyslipidemia,and non-vegetarian diet were found in the diabetic group.These risk factors might influence body weight and adiposity and explain the increment of the left atrium.Although this data was not supported by the study.The diet can also explain the non-enzymatic reactions on lipids,proteins,or nucleic acids and consequently an increment of AGEs.These molecules can emit fluorescence.However,one of the non-fluorescent and most abundant AGEs is Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine(CML).Its association with coronary artery stenosis and severity in the diabetic group might suggest its role as a player in CAD progression.Thus,CML,after binding with its receptor(RAGE),can induce calcification cascade through reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase.Moreover,this interaction AGE-RAGE can cause activation of the transcription nuclear factor-kb and induce inflammatory cytokines.It might explain the relationship between CML and pro-inflammatory cytokines in diabetic and CAD patients.Although this is a population from one center,the determination of CML and inflammatory cytokines might improve the diagnosis of severe and progressive CAD.Future and comparative studies among glycosylated hemoglobin,CML,and other AGE levels according to diagnosis and prognosis value might modify the clinical practice.Although these molecules are irreversible,they can act through a specific receptor inducing a signal transduction that might be modulated by inhibitors,antibodies,or siRNA.Further mechanistic studies might improve the development of future preventive therapies for diabetic patients.
基金funded by The National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2603500,2022YFC2603505)Beijing Municipal Health Commission high-level public health technical personnel construction project,discipline leader-03-26+2 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical medicine Development of special funding support(XMLX202127)The Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(XXZ0302)The capital health research and development of special(2022-1-2172)。
文摘Objective To explore characteristics of clinical parameters and cytokines in patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)caused by different drugs and their correlation with clinical indicators.Method The study was conducted on patients who were up to Review of Uncertainties in Confidence Assessment for Medical Tests(RUCAM)scoring criteria and clinically diagnosed with DILI.Based on Chinese herbal medicine,cardiovascular drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),antiinfective drugs,and other drugs,patients were divided into five groups.Cytokines were measured by Luminex technology.Baseline characteristics of clinical biochemical indicators and cytokines in DILI patients and their correlation were analyzed.Results 73 patients were enrolled.Age among five groups was statistically different(P=0.032).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.033)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.007)in NSAIDs group were higher than those in chinese herbal medicine group.Interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in patients with Chinese herbal medicine(IL-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P<0.001)and cardiovascular medicine(IL-6:P=0.020;TNF-α:P=0.001)were lower than those in NSAIDs group.There was a positive correlation between ALT(r=0.697,P=0.025),AST(r=0.721,P=0.019),and IL-6 in NSAIDs group.Conclusion Older age may be more prone to DILI.Patients with NSAIDs have more severe liver damage in early stages of DILI,TNF-αand IL-6 may partake the inflammatory process of DILI.
基金The 2023 Scientific Research Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20231081The"Spark"Youth Research Project,The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,No.XH202302.
文摘BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.
文摘Various studies have attempted to understand HIV infection under a diverse range of stimulants including cytokine stimulation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, have been shown to reactivate HIV latency by inducing NF-κB mediated activation of the HIV LTR (long terminal repeats) that contain κB transcriptional binding sites. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), an anti-viral cytokine, is not well studied as an inducer of HIV activation. However, previous work from our group has shown that HIV can block IFN-α signaling in CD4+ T cells presumably to allow for further viral replication. Initially using HEK 293T cells, we moved to CD4+ T cells lines to develop a system to determine how stimulation with different cytokines impacts signaling within T cell lines. We confirmed that in our system TNF-α triggers activation of NF-κB driven reporters but not in the presence of HIV. In addition, we show that the presence of HIV blocks IFN-α signaling. Taken together, our system demonstrates that HIV by TNF-α, will continue to block IFN-α signaling preventing it from impacting HIV activation. This system can now be used to screen for cytokine based and other molecule activators that may be influenced by the presence of HIV.
基金Supported by The Project of Hengyang Science and Technology Bureau,No.202222035602.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis,which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality,presents a significant challenge in health care.Some scholars have found that the sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and quick SOFA scores are not ideal for predicting severe sepsis and mortality.Microbial culture takes a long time(2-3 d)and provides no information for early diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,new diagnostic methods for sepsis need to be explored.AIM To assess cytokine levels in the plasma of sepsis patients and identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis.METHODS Ten sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department within 24 h of onset were enrolled as the observation group,whereas ten noninfected patients served as the control group.Of the 10 noninfected patients,9 hypertension combined with cerebral infarction,1 patients with vertiginous syndrome.Plasma Cytokines were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro^(TM)Human Chemokine Panel 40-plex.Differentially expressed cytokines in plasma of sepsis and nonsepsis patients were analyzed using Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses.RESULTS Interleukin(IL)-16,granulocyte-macrophage granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),CX3CL1,CXCL9,CXCL16,CCL25,and CCL23 plasma levels were significantly increased in sepsis patients.GO analysis revealed that these cytokines were mainly associated with cellular structures such as intermediates,nuclear plaques,adhesion plaques,lateral plasma membranes,and cell matrix junctions.These genes were involved in various molecular functions,such as cytokine activity,receptor ligand activity,and signal receptor activator activity,contributing to various biological functions,such as leukocyte chemotaxis,migration,and chemotaxis.KEGG analysis indicated involvement in cytokine cytokine receptor interactions,chemokine signaling pathways,virus–protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors,and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway.CONCLUSION Elevated serum levels of IL-16,GM-CSF,CX3CL1,CXCL9,CXCL16,CCL25,and CCL23 in sepsis patients suggest their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis.
文摘DNA damage occurs across tumorigenesis and tumor development.Tumor intrinsic DNA damage can not only increase the risk of mutations responsible for tumor generation but also initiate a cellular stress response to orchestrate the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)and dominate tumor progression.Accumulating evidence documents that multiple signaling pathways,including cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes(cGAS-STING)and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein(ATM/ATR),are activated downstream of DNA damage and they are associated with the secretion of diverse cytokines.These cytokines possess multifaced functions in the anti-tumor immune response.Thus,it is necessary to deeply interpret the complex TIME reshaped by damaged DNA and tumor-derived cytokines,critical for the development of effective tumor therapies.This manuscript comprehensively reviews the relationship between the DNA damage response and related cytokines in tumors and depicts the dual immunoregulatory roles of these cytokines.We also summarize clinical trials targeting signaling pathways and cytokines associated with DNA damage and provide future perspectives on emerging technologies.
基金This study was supported by Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program-General Program(No.JCYJ20210324114403010).
文摘Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.This study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important role.Methods:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex assay.The relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and OLR.Results:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative levels.Compared to OLR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly lower.Higher POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during operation.The levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital stay.Importantly,a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver resection.Conclusions:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671347(to KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to KFS and KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No 202102020735(to RW).
文摘Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.
文摘The expression and clinical significance of relevant cytokines in otitis media (OM) are discussed, and the alterations to the pathological state of the otitis media mucosa are further understood through the study of cytokine transduction pathways. More and more studies have shown that relevant cell proliferation and inflammation progression pathways play a role in the development of otitis media, such as the Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway, which are involved in the proliferation of the middle ear mucosa during otitis media, which affects the mucosal cilia, motor function, Eustachian tube function, and the mucosal ciliary function. These studies provide new ideas for the treatment of otitis media and further explore the feasibility of immunotherapy in the future treatment of otitis media. In this paper, we present a review of the latest research progress on the expression of various cytokines in otitis media.
文摘Anti-inflammatory activity ofRubus idaeus L. and possible mechanisms involved were explored in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The effects of ethanol extract of R. idaeus on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alfa （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β）, as well as pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide （NO）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） were studied by Sandwich ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, the effects of ethanol extract of R. idaeus on anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 （IL-10） and anti-inflammatory mediator heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） were also investigated using the same methods. Furthermore, nuclear factor-gB （NF-κB） level was assayed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that the production of IL-1β, IL-6, NO, TNF-α and COX-2 in LPS-treated cells could be significantly inhibited （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05） by ethanol extract ofR. idaeus compared with that in the cells treated with LPS only. Meanwhile, the production of NF-r,B was also inhibited by the extract. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory activity ofR. idaeus was attributed to the down-regulation of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels as well as gene expression of iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of NF-κB activation, and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL- 10 and anti-inflammatory mediator HO- 1.
文摘The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well recognized.However,the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully disentangled.To control cognitive function and behavior,the two systems are engaged in a subtle interacting act.In this scenario,a dual action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of brain network connections is emerging.Pro-inflammatory cytokines are indeed required to express physiological plasticity in the hippocampal network while being detrimental when over-expressed during uncontrolled inflammatory processes.In this dynamic equilibrium,synaptic functioning and the performance of neural networks are ensured by maintaining an appropriate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system microenvironment.
基金the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(grant nos.YG2019QNB10 and YG2021QN67)Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(grant no.shslczdzk00901)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(grant no.202240150)。
文摘Background:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin disease.Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of AV,the exact pathophysiology remains unknown.Various lasers have been used to treat AV;however,the serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines after laser therapy have not been elucidated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory changes and remission on the opposite side in patients with moderate to severe AV after treating half of the face with 595-and 1064-nm dualwavelength laser.Methods:In total,18 patients(9 male and 9 female)between 16 and 35 years of age with moderate to severe AV were evaluated in the study.Disease severity was classified according to the Pillsbury grading system of acne.Patients were randomized to receive a series of two treatment sessions at intervals of 2 weeks and followed up at 2 weeks after the final treatment.A 3 mL blood sample was drawn from every subject each time,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-22 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 2 weeks after each treatment.Improvement was determined by a blinded assessment of photographs taken before and after the final evaluation.Results:Inflammation was significantly reduced on both the treated and untreated sides,and symptoms of AV lesions were alleviated.All patients showed a significant increase in serum IL-22 levels after the first laser therapy,with no significant difference in serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels.After the second laser therapy,serum IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels were significantly decreased.No significant side effects such as bruising,edema,hyperpigmentation,hypopigmentation,or scarring were reported.Conclusion:Half-face treatment with 595-and 1064-nm dual-wavelength laser for moderate and severe AV showed a significant effect of full-face remission,which was associated with a gradual decrease in IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels after half-face topical treatment.This suggests that reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum can relieve inflammation in non-therapeutic sites.This laser treatment is effective,economical,and painless.
基金the Youth Project of Changzhou Health Commission,No.QN202129.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)in China is high,and the base is broad.Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a critical condition affecting the life and health of a nation and its economic development.DR is a common complication of DM.AIM To investigate the efficacy of laser photocoagulation combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept for treating macular edema.METHODS Overall,130 patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)hospitalized in The Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively included.According to the treatment plan,130 patients with DME were categorized into an observation and a control group,with 65 patients in each group.The control group received laser photocoagulation,and the observation group received laser photocoagulation with intravitreal injection of conbercept.Observe changes in vision,cytokines in the eye and so on.RESULTS The total efficacy rate in the observation group(93.85%)was higher than that in the control group(78.46%)(P<0.05).In both groups,the best corrected visual acuity correction effect improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).Retinal thickness and central macular thickness improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor,interleukin-6,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,and basic fibroblast growth factor in both groups improved after treatment,and the observation group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In patients with macular edema,combining laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of conbercept for DME is a more effective and safer strategy to improve vision,and lower intraocular cytokine levels.
文摘The anti-inflammatory effects of the new ster-oidal antedrug, 21-acetyloxy-9α-fluoro-11β-hy-droxyl-3, 20-dioxo-1, 4-pregnadieno-[16α, 17α-d] isoxazoline (FP-ISO-21AC), on nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production, were inves-tigated together with its parent steroid predni-solone (PRED). PRED is one of the anti-in-flammatory steroids but has systemic side ef-fects which limit the use of it. PRED was modi-fied with ‘antedrug concept’ to create safer drugs that attack problems such as inflamma-tion, then quickly become inactive before they can cause systemic side effect. We had a test about the effect of the modified anti-inflamma-tory steroidal antedrug on anti-inflammatory activity. The present study evaluated their ability to inhibit cytokine-induced NO and IL-8 produc-tion in human alveolar epithelial cells. We also investigated their ability to enhance the expres-sion of inhibitory cytokine receptor, interleukin 22 receptor (IL-22R) in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results showed that FP-ISO-21AC sh- owed higher ability to inhibit the cytokine - in-duced production of NO than PRED. Exogenous IL-22 was added to the media of both human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and human lung fibroblast (HLF-1). In the presence of the ex-ogenous inhibitory cytokine IL-22, further re-duction of NO production was observed in A549 cells, which express IL-22R, but not in HLF1, which does not express IL-22R. These data suggested that the steroidal antedrugs en-hanced the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO- 21AC showed higher potency than PRED to restore the expression of IL-22R. FP-ISO-21AC further reduced NO production to 27% and PRED further reduced NO production to 39%. In con-clusion, a synthesized steroidal antedrug FP- ISO-21AC showed higher anti-inflammatory ef-fects than PRED by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator NO and stimulating the expression of IL-22R.
文摘Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.
文摘Myelomeningocele(MMC)is a severe form of spinal dysraphism.Due to the failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development,the affected part of the spinal cord is left open like a book at the back of the affected child.This malformed part of the spinal cord is not covered by its protective mesodermal and ectodermal derived layers.Consequently,the exposed neural tissue(i.e.,the neural placode)is prone to injuryduring further intra-uterine development.
