Since taking office, the Trump administration's anti-terrorism policy has become increasingly clear. Its anti-terrorism measures and its internal and external anti-terrorism policies have introduced new features t...Since taking office, the Trump administration's anti-terrorism policy has become increasingly clear. Its anti-terrorism measures and its internal and external anti-terrorism policies have introduced new features that are distinct from those of the Obama administration. These include linking terrorism to Islam, violating traditional political correctness in order to enhance homeland security, sending large-scale troops to the Middle East, and delegating more authority to the US Defense Department and the Armed Forces. Trump's anti-terrorism policies have made obvious progress both at home and abroad. Along with the adjustment of its national security strategy, the status of the anti-terrorism policy in Trump's national security strategy and national defense strategy will decline.However, for the foreseeable future, anti-terrorism will remain an important issue for the Trump Administration, and in some circumstances,the investment for it may increase.展开更多
The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror st...The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror stresses three aspects: policy towards Washington for ensuring strategic center展开更多
This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development,...This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development, anti-terrorism efforts and human rights protection are themselves not mutually exclusive or contradictory. Their conflict in everyday life has sometimes resulted from the fact that they are both manipulated in the service of certain political ends. What's more, there has never been p erfect human rights protection in the world so far, which often makes human rights problems an easy charge against almost every government. No anti-terrorist activities in either the US or Europe have been really constrained by the idea of human rights no matter how beautiful their rhetoric has been. Now both human rights and anti-terrorism have been made into a tool of diplomacy and international politics. With the war in Afghanistan over, the United States is enhancing its human rights diplomacy together with its anti-terrorism diplomacy. Truly efficient, comprehensive international cooperation on anti-terrorism is still far away.展开更多
The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrori...The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrorism, governments have to take the duty of human rights protection as well. Rights are of key importance in preventing and countering terrorism. Integrating human rights construction into antiterrorism mechanism is rather helpful in eliminating various moods of dissatisfaction which are easy to breed terrorism.展开更多
Machine reading comprehension has been a research focus in natural language processing and intelligence engineering.However,there is a lack of models and datasets for the MRC tasks in the anti-terrorism domain.Moreove...Machine reading comprehension has been a research focus in natural language processing and intelligence engineering.However,there is a lack of models and datasets for the MRC tasks in the anti-terrorism domain.Moreover,current research lacks the ability to embed accurate background knowledge and provide precise answers.To address these two problems,this paper first builds a text corpus and testbed that focuses on the anti-terrorism domain in a semi-automatic manner.Then,it proposes a knowledge-based machine reading comprehension model that fuses domain-related triples from a large-scale encyclopedic knowledge base to enhance the semantics of the text.To eliminate knowledge noise that could lead to semantic deviation,this paper uses a mixed mutual ttention mechanism among questions,passages,and knowledge triples to select the most relevant triples before embedding their semantics into the sentences.Experiment results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve a 70.70%EM value and an 87.91%F1 score,with a 4.23%and 3.35%improvement over existing methods,respectively.展开更多
The negative interaction between the prioritization of anti-terrorism and the marginalization of the peace process forms a heavy heritage of Bush Administration’s Middle East policy.Therefore,the Obama Administration...The negative interaction between the prioritization of anti-terrorism and the marginalization of the peace process forms a heavy heritage of Bush Administration’s Middle East policy.Therefore,the Obama Administration now is confronted with a very serious test:how to establish and maintain compatible and balanced relations between peace and anti-terrorism.On the grand strategic level,the key point is whether America can reshape the regional strategic environment of the Middle East or not.Specifically speaking,the possibility of furthering the Middle East peace process is determined by the following items:the US can or can’t change the strategic rigidity of its Middle East policy favorable to Israel,adopt some effective measures to make Hamas integrated into the Middle East peace process,and improve its relations with Syria and convert Syria into a constructive role in the Middle East peace process and regional security.On the issue of anti-terrorism,the compatibility between anti-terrorism and peace can be achieved only if the Obama Administration could take overall adjustment on the past anti-terrorism strategy of US,guarantee that the situation of Iraq will not deteriorate,and resolve the Iranian issue in a peaceful manner,so as to avoid being bogged down into endless warfare.展开更多
Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand cu...Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.展开更多
After fierce competition, Obama won the presidential race and was successfully elected as the firstAfrican-American President in US history. Unlike his predecessors, his success is primarily dependent on personalstrug...After fierce competition, Obama won the presidential race and was successfully elected as the firstAfrican-American President in US history. Unlike his predecessors, his success is primarily dependent on personalstruggle rather than renowned family background or remarkable personal political experience andaccomplishments; the change in US political environment reflected by the case is defined as ＂The ObamaPhenomenon＂. The Obama Phenomenon is the product of a variety of factors： The values of Individualism alongwith the philosophy of Pragmatism have built the macro-environment for it; Obama＇s elite political backgroundand his excellent personal strengths have laid the foundation for his success; the mistakes in domestic and foreignaffairs made by the Bush Administration made the Republican Party lose popular support, which removed theobstacles to Obama＇s success. This paper is to explore the reasons for Obama＇s success so as to contribute to abetter understanding of the changes in US society, in particular its political environment, excavate the impetus forthe changes, and rationally predict its展开更多
The security threats to Shanghai World Expo were multi-faceted, ranging from terrorist threat to ethnic separatist threat, from foreign diplomatic and political disputes to domestic mass disturbances as well as seriou...The security threats to Shanghai World Expo were multi-faceted, ranging from terrorist threat to ethnic separatist threat, from foreign diplomatic and political disputes to domestic mass disturbances as well as serious social crimes The first was from terrorist threat, and the global Jihad network in Eurasia was looming in the early 21st century, which was guided by radical ideologies; the second threat was from ethnic separatist groups; the third threat was related with foreign personnel and diplomats＇ security; the fourth threat was from mass disturbances, and the fifth was from serious social crimes. China＇s measures to these potential multi-faceted challenges were serious and various, including preventing terrorist attacks through international cooperation, lessening ethnic separatists＇ dissatisfaction and avoiding possible mass demonstration, reducing the chance of domestic mass disturbances, guaranteeing public transportation and aerospace security, making extensive use of advanced technologies and referring to other countries＇ expertise in security check, seeking help from other provinces bordering Shanghai, and strengthening control over explosive materials, etc.. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the above-mentioned countermeasures was problematic, for they were more defensive than offensive, more passive than proactive, and more tactical than strategic.展开更多
The anti-terror campaign in the Middle East is the key and influential part of global anti-terror endeavor,which is one of the most challenging global governance issues in the international community.It is closely lin...The anti-terror campaign in the Middle East is the key and influential part of global anti-terror endeavor,which is one of the most challenging global governance issues in the international community.It is closely linked with the transformation of the international system and the reconstruction of the world’s new political and economic order.Within the background of economic globalization,the Middle East Islamic countries are confronted with the problems of promoting reform and development,facilitating institutional reform and social transformation.Internally,the Middle East terrorism originates from the complicated historical,social,religious and ethnic conflicts;externally,the Middle East terrorism hinges on interference,invasion,occupation,and the rival for territory,recourses and interest.China’s anti-terror endeavor aims at protecting its overseas interest and meanwhile,it reflects China’s unique idea and mode of global governance.展开更多
This paper uses an extensive network approach to "East Turkistan" activities by building both the one-mode and the bipartite networks for these activities.In the one-mode network,centrality analysis and spec...This paper uses an extensive network approach to "East Turkistan" activities by building both the one-mode and the bipartite networks for these activities.In the one-mode network,centrality analysis and spectrum analysis are used to describe the importance of each vertex.On this basis,two types of core vertices——The center of communities and the intermediary vertices among communities— are distinguished.The weighted extreme optimization(WEO) algorithm is also applied to detect communities in the one-mode network.In the "terrorist-terrorist organization" bipartite network,the authors adopt centrality analysis as well as clustering analysis based on the original bipartite network in order to calculate the importance of each vertex,and apply the edge clustering coefficient algorithm to detect the communities.The comparative and empirical analysis indicates that this research has been proved to be an effective way to identify the core members,key organizations,and communities in the network of "East Turkistan" terrorist activity.The results can provide a scientific basis for the analysis of "East Turkistan" terrorist activity,and thus provide decision support for the real work of "anti-terrorism".展开更多
Islam is a religion that advocates peace and abides by“the doctrine of balance”.However,religious extremism is a“tumor”for the development of Islam,and leads to an alienation of Islam.After the 9/11 attacks,Islami...Islam is a religion that advocates peace and abides by“the doctrine of balance”.However,religious extremism is a“tumor”for the development of Islam,and leads to an alienation of Islam.After the 9/11 attacks,Islamic extremism reappeared,mainly reflected in:1)the teachings of Islam being distorted,and the civil movement of the Islamic revival leading to the mire of extremism;2)Jihad ideology of Islam being misread,and the Islamic revival tending to be politicized and increasingly extreme;3)Al-Qaeda,the“Islamic State”(IS)and other terrorist organizations were rapidly expanding,which drove Islamic extremism globally.The causes of the above circumstances are complex and have far-reaching impacts.The religious extremism has stolen the discourse right of the interpretation of scriptures,resulting in the formation of religious extremism discourse.This became the deep-rooted reason of trends of religious extremism,and also led to the necessity of launching de-radicalization policies.In global anti-terrorism activities,China showed its uniqueness in seeking to play a constructive role in coordinating efforts of three major international anti-terrorist groups.This paper holds that cooperation between China and the Middle East countries on de-radicalization activities could focus on measures such as creating shared consensus in anti-terrorism,advancing the interpretation of scriptures,improving religious dialogue mechanisms,and highlighting the unique role of patriotic religious leaders and other initiatives,in order to effectively prevent religious extremism from expanding.展开更多
文摘Since taking office, the Trump administration's anti-terrorism policy has become increasingly clear. Its anti-terrorism measures and its internal and external anti-terrorism policies have introduced new features that are distinct from those of the Obama administration. These include linking terrorism to Islam, violating traditional political correctness in order to enhance homeland security, sending large-scale troops to the Middle East, and delegating more authority to the US Defense Department and the Armed Forces. Trump's anti-terrorism policies have made obvious progress both at home and abroad. Along with the adjustment of its national security strategy, the status of the anti-terrorism policy in Trump's national security strategy and national defense strategy will decline.However, for the foreseeable future, anti-terrorism will remain an important issue for the Trump Administration, and in some circumstances,the investment for it may increase.
文摘The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror stresses three aspects: policy towards Washington for ensuring strategic center
文摘This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development, anti-terrorism efforts and human rights protection are themselves not mutually exclusive or contradictory. Their conflict in everyday life has sometimes resulted from the fact that they are both manipulated in the service of certain political ends. What's more, there has never been p erfect human rights protection in the world so far, which often makes human rights problems an easy charge against almost every government. No anti-terrorist activities in either the US or Europe have been really constrained by the idea of human rights no matter how beautiful their rhetoric has been. Now both human rights and anti-terrorism have been made into a tool of diplomacy and international politics. With the war in Afghanistan over, the United States is enhancing its human rights diplomacy together with its anti-terrorism diplomacy. Truly efficient, comprehensive international cooperation on anti-terrorism is still far away.
文摘The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrorism, governments have to take the duty of human rights protection as well. Rights are of key importance in preventing and countering terrorism. Integrating human rights construction into antiterrorism mechanism is rather helpful in eliminating various moods of dissatisfaction which are easy to breed terrorism.
基金National key research and development program(2020AAA0108500)National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(No.U1836118)Key Laboratory of Rich Media Digital Publishing,Content Organization and Knowledge Service(No.:ZD2022-10/05).
文摘Machine reading comprehension has been a research focus in natural language processing and intelligence engineering.However,there is a lack of models and datasets for the MRC tasks in the anti-terrorism domain.Moreover,current research lacks the ability to embed accurate background knowledge and provide precise answers.To address these two problems,this paper first builds a text corpus and testbed that focuses on the anti-terrorism domain in a semi-automatic manner.Then,it proposes a knowledge-based machine reading comprehension model that fuses domain-related triples from a large-scale encyclopedic knowledge base to enhance the semantics of the text.To eliminate knowledge noise that could lead to semantic deviation,this paper uses a mixed mutual ttention mechanism among questions,passages,and knowledge triples to select the most relevant triples before embedding their semantics into the sentences.Experiment results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve a 70.70%EM value and an 87.91%F1 score,with a 4.23%and 3.35%improvement over existing methods,respectively.
基金a segmental achievement for“Studies on the Middle East Islamic Regions and the Transformation of International System”(08JZD0039)the major research program of the Education Ministry in 2008,and“Research on Islamic Elements in the International Relations of Contemporary Middle East region”+3 种基金the 2008 Major Research Program of Key Research Bases of Social Sciences and Humanity affiliated to the Education Ministryfunded by“Twilight Scholars Plan”the Key Discipline of Arabic Studies established by Shanghai Municipality3rd Phase Construction Program for“Arabic Studies-Middle East Studies with Chinese Characteristics”of 211 Project.
文摘The negative interaction between the prioritization of anti-terrorism and the marginalization of the peace process forms a heavy heritage of Bush Administration’s Middle East policy.Therefore,the Obama Administration now is confronted with a very serious test:how to establish and maintain compatible and balanced relations between peace and anti-terrorism.On the grand strategic level,the key point is whether America can reshape the regional strategic environment of the Middle East or not.Specifically speaking,the possibility of furthering the Middle East peace process is determined by the following items:the US can or can’t change the strategic rigidity of its Middle East policy favorable to Israel,adopt some effective measures to make Hamas integrated into the Middle East peace process,and improve its relations with Syria and convert Syria into a constructive role in the Middle East peace process and regional security.On the issue of anti-terrorism,the compatibility between anti-terrorism and peace can be achieved only if the Obama Administration could take overall adjustment on the past anti-terrorism strategy of US,guarantee that the situation of Iraq will not deteriorate,and resolve the Iranian issue in a peaceful manner,so as to avoid being bogged down into endless warfare.
文摘Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.
文摘After fierce competition, Obama won the presidential race and was successfully elected as the firstAfrican-American President in US history. Unlike his predecessors, his success is primarily dependent on personalstruggle rather than renowned family background or remarkable personal political experience andaccomplishments; the change in US political environment reflected by the case is defined as ＂The ObamaPhenomenon＂. The Obama Phenomenon is the product of a variety of factors： The values of Individualism alongwith the philosophy of Pragmatism have built the macro-environment for it; Obama＇s elite political backgroundand his excellent personal strengths have laid the foundation for his success; the mistakes in domestic and foreignaffairs made by the Bush Administration made the Republican Party lose popular support, which removed theobstacles to Obama＇s success. This paper is to explore the reasons for Obama＇s success so as to contribute to abetter understanding of the changes in US society, in particular its political environment, excavate the impetus forthe changes, and rationally predict its
文摘The security threats to Shanghai World Expo were multi-faceted, ranging from terrorist threat to ethnic separatist threat, from foreign diplomatic and political disputes to domestic mass disturbances as well as serious social crimes The first was from terrorist threat, and the global Jihad network in Eurasia was looming in the early 21st century, which was guided by radical ideologies; the second threat was from ethnic separatist groups; the third threat was related with foreign personnel and diplomats＇ security; the fourth threat was from mass disturbances, and the fifth was from serious social crimes. China＇s measures to these potential multi-faceted challenges were serious and various, including preventing terrorist attacks through international cooperation, lessening ethnic separatists＇ dissatisfaction and avoiding possible mass demonstration, reducing the chance of domestic mass disturbances, guaranteeing public transportation and aerospace security, making extensive use of advanced technologies and referring to other countries＇ expertise in security check, seeking help from other provinces bordering Shanghai, and strengthening control over explosive materials, etc.. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the above-mentioned countermeasures was problematic, for they were more defensive than offensive, more passive than proactive, and more tactical than strategic.
基金the product of the Chinese Educational Ministry program“Islamic Middle East Region and the Transition of International System”(08JZD0039)it is also supported by the Shanghai International Studies University“211”program(StageⅢ)Key Discipline of Shanghai(B702).
文摘The anti-terror campaign in the Middle East is the key and influential part of global anti-terror endeavor,which is one of the most challenging global governance issues in the international community.It is closely linked with the transformation of the international system and the reconstruction of the world’s new political and economic order.Within the background of economic globalization,the Middle East Islamic countries are confronted with the problems of promoting reform and development,facilitating institutional reform and social transformation.Internally,the Middle East terrorism originates from the complicated historical,social,religious and ethnic conflicts;externally,the Middle East terrorism hinges on interference,invasion,occupation,and the rival for territory,recourses and interest.China’s anti-terror endeavor aims at protecting its overseas interest and meanwhile,it reflects China’s unique idea and mode of global governance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.70771011 and 61174150the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.NCET-09-0228+1 种基金Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20110003110027the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘This paper uses an extensive network approach to "East Turkistan" activities by building both the one-mode and the bipartite networks for these activities.In the one-mode network,centrality analysis and spectrum analysis are used to describe the importance of each vertex.On this basis,two types of core vertices——The center of communities and the intermediary vertices among communities— are distinguished.The weighted extreme optimization(WEO) algorithm is also applied to detect communities in the one-mode network.In the "terrorist-terrorist organization" bipartite network,the authors adopt centrality analysis as well as clustering analysis based on the original bipartite network in order to calculate the importance of each vertex,and apply the edge clustering coefficient algorithm to detect the communities.The comparative and empirical analysis indicates that this research has been proved to be an effective way to identify the core members,key organizations,and communities in the network of "East Turkistan" terrorist activity.The results can provide a scientific basis for the analysis of "East Turkistan" terrorist activity,and thus provide decision support for the real work of "anti-terrorism".
基金This article is funded by China‟s National Social Science Fund(11BGJ33)“China‟s Humanities Diplomacy to the Middle East Islamic Countries and Its Countermeasures”Key Research Project in Shanghai International Studies University(KX161071)+2 种基金“Research on Risk Factors Contributing to Religious Extremism in the Belt and Road Initiative”The key research projects in Horgos(HEGS-2016ZDYJXM-YB02)“The Research on the Innovation Mode of the Construction of the Belt and Road Free Trade Zonewith the Example of the Cooperation Center in Horgos,in the Border between Kazakhstan and China”.
文摘Islam is a religion that advocates peace and abides by“the doctrine of balance”.However,religious extremism is a“tumor”for the development of Islam,and leads to an alienation of Islam.After the 9/11 attacks,Islamic extremism reappeared,mainly reflected in:1)the teachings of Islam being distorted,and the civil movement of the Islamic revival leading to the mire of extremism;2)Jihad ideology of Islam being misread,and the Islamic revival tending to be politicized and increasingly extreme;3)Al-Qaeda,the“Islamic State”(IS)and other terrorist organizations were rapidly expanding,which drove Islamic extremism globally.The causes of the above circumstances are complex and have far-reaching impacts.The religious extremism has stolen the discourse right of the interpretation of scriptures,resulting in the formation of religious extremism discourse.This became the deep-rooted reason of trends of religious extremism,and also led to the necessity of launching de-radicalization policies.In global anti-terrorism activities,China showed its uniqueness in seeking to play a constructive role in coordinating efforts of three major international anti-terrorist groups.This paper holds that cooperation between China and the Middle East countries on de-radicalization activities could focus on measures such as creating shared consensus in anti-terrorism,advancing the interpretation of scriptures,improving religious dialogue mechanisms,and highlighting the unique role of patriotic religious leaders and other initiatives,in order to effectively prevent religious extremism from expanding.
