BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported ...BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To explore the mechanism of alk-SMase anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS Mice were administered 3%DSS drinking water,and disease activity index was determined to evaluate the status of colitis.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by gavage administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,and bacterial translocation was evaluated by measuring serum lipopolysaccharide.Intestinal epithelial cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy.Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of intestinal barrier proteins and mRNA,respectively.Serum oxidant and antioxidant marker levels were analyzed using commercial kits to assess oxidative stress levels.RESULTS Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,inflammation and intestinal permeability in alk-SMase knockout(KO)mice were more severe beginning 4 d after DSS induction.The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal barrier proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,claudin-3,claudin-5,claudin-8,mucin 2,and secretory immunoglobulin A,were significantly reduced on 4 d after DSS treatment.Ultrastructural observations revealed progressive damage to the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.Furthermore,by day 4,mitochondria appeared swollen and degenerated.Additionally,compared to WT mice,serum malondialdehyde levels in KO mice were higher,and the antioxidant capacity was significantly lower.The expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the colonic mucosal tissue of KO mice was significantly decreased after DSS treatment.mRNA levels of Nrf2-regulated downstream antioxidant enzymes were also decreased.Finally,colitis in KO mice could be effectively relieved by the injection of tertiary butylhydroquinone,which is an Nrf2 activator.CONCLUSION Alk-SMase regulates the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and enhances antioxidant activity through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.展开更多
Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods....Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods. Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.) Moq., a pioneer plant native to sand dunes with ecological restoration function, is a traditional food plant of sand regions and Mongolian folk medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed that A. squarrosum seed, also called sand rice, has high nutritional value. However, the long-term health effects of eating sand rice remain unclear. To better explore and evaluate its long-term effects, hereby, ICR mice were fed with sand rice flour at different ratios(control, 60% and 95%) for 100 days. Results show that the growth and blood glucose level curve of these experimental mice were lower and more stable than that of the control. In addition, mice fed pure sand rice ingredient(95%) gained more stable body weight and blood glucose after 28 days, which revealed that sand rice is a food with comprehensive nutritional value and rarely negatively impacts the body growth performance. Our data also demonstrates that, the content of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) provided the lowest level in the blood of mice with a diet of pure sand rice ingredient, 0.48, 4.14, 0.91, 3.03 mmol/L, respectively. Also, T-SOD and GSH-PX activity provided a high level in mice with pure sand rice gradient, which significantly increased by 36%(T-SOD)and 19%(GSH-PX) compared to the control. These results suggest that long term intake of the pure sand rice ingredients is more helpful for stabilizing blood lipid and improve antioxidant capacity and beneficial to people suffering from chronic disease. This study supplies the first animal evidence to support the claim that sand rice is a promising functional food with comprehensive nutrition in the future. We are confident that, with increasing demands of daily sand rice usage, planting A. squarrosum in the vast desert regions will further increase the local economy and ecological restoration when coping with global warming.展开更多
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested ...The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals(DPPH)method and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid(ABTS)method.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents,and their antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus fruit tissues.Generally,the peel had both the highest average of total phenolics(27.18 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)g^(–1 )DW)and total flavonoids(38.97 mg rutin equivalent(RE)g^(–1) DW).The highest antioxidant capacity was also the average of DPPH value(21.92 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity(VCEAC)g^(–1 )DW)and average of ABTS value(78.70 mg VCEAC g^(–1) DW)in peel.The correlation coefficient between the total phenolics and their antioxidant capacity of different citrus fruits tissues ranged from 0.079 to0.792,and from–0.150 to 0.664 for the total flavonoids.The antioxidant capacity of fruit tissues were correlated with the total phenoilc content and flavonoid content except in case of the peel.In addition,the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus genotypes.Manju and Karamandarin were better genotypes with higher antioxidation and the phenolic content,however Shagan was the poorest genotype with lower antioxidation and the phenolic content.展开更多
Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on g...Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on growth in aquatic animals.However,there were limited studies regarding the benefits of Ile on fish muscle and their effects on flesh quality and muscle growth.Thus,this study was conducted to explore whether dietary Ile had affected flesh quality and muscle growth in hybrid bagrid catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli♀×Leiocassis longirostris♂).Methods:A total of 630 hybrid fish,with an initial average body weight of 33.11±0.09 g,were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups with three replicates each,and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diets for 8 weeks.Results:In the present study,we demonstrated that Ile significantly:(1)increased muscle protein and lipid contents and the frequency distribution of myofibers with≤20μm and≥50μm of diameter;(2)improved pH value,shear force,cathepsin B and L activities,hydroxyproline content,resilience,cohesiveness,and decreased cooking loss,lactate content,hardness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness;(3)decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein carbonyl(PC)contents,GCLC and Keap1 mRNA levels,and up-regulated CuZnSOD,CAT,GPX1a,GST,and Nrf2 mRNA levels;(4)up-regulated the insulin-like growth factor 1,2(IGF-1,IGF-2),insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Myf5,Myod,Myog,Mrf4,and MyHC mRNA levels,and decreased MSTN mRNAlevel;(5)increased muscle protein deposition by activating AKT-TOR-S6K1 and AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathways.Conclusion:These results revealed that dietary Ile improved flesh quality,which might be due to increasing nutritional content,physicochemical,texture parameters,and antioxidant ability;promoting muscle growth by affecting myocytes hyperplasia and hypertrophy,and muscle protein deposition associated with protein synthesis and degradation signaling pathways.Finally,the quadratic regression analysis of chewiness,ROS,and protein contents against dietary Ile levels suggested that the optimal dietary Ile levels for hybrid bagrid catfish was estimated to be 14.19,12.36,and 12.78 g/kg diet,corresponding to 36.59,31.87,and 32.96 g/kg dietary protein,respectively.展开更多
Background:Natural astaxanthin(ASTA)has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health.However,the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters ...Background:Natural astaxanthin(ASTA)has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health.However,the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly studied.We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via antioxidation defense system.Methods:In the present study,9653-week-old Jinghong No.1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0,25,50,or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks.Results:Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved than that in the control group,and antioxidant activities,the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions,increased gradually with ASTA addition(P<0.05).In addition,the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were markedly increased in the 50-100 mg/kg ASTA group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals,which may be related to upregulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.展开更多
Antibiotics are widespread in various environmental media,and may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target aquatic organisms.Florfenicol(FLO)is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquacult...Antibiotics are widespread in various environmental media,and may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target aquatic organisms.Florfenicol(FLO)is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture,and extensively used to substitute chloramphenicol with its strong sterilization and low adverse ef fect.In this study,flounder Paralichthys olivaceus,an important economic fish species in seawater was used as an experimental subject.Five exposure concentrations of FLO(including environmentrelated concentrations)were set at 0,0.01,0.1,1,and 10 mg/L.Ef fects of FLO exposure for 168 h on growth and development,motor behavior,antioxidant enzyme activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and thyroid hormone level of P.olivaceus larvae were studied in pre-larvae(1 dpf)and post-larvae(20 dpf).The results show that the short-term FLO exposure could promote the larvae growth to some degrees,but inhibit them as the exposure time prolonged.For pre-larvae,FLO at 0.01 mg/L could stimulate the motor nerve system and increase the swimming ability,but inhibited it at 1 mg/L.With the increasing dosage of FLO,the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA contents were elevated,reaching the maximum in the 1 mg/L FLO group.The pre-larvae were more sensitive than the post-larvae to FLO in the environment,and the growth and immune resistance could be damaged with long exposure.Post-larvae were more tolerant to external pollutants,FLO at 1 mg/L could promote the motor behavior and reduce SOD and MDA contents.Therefore,FLO can be used as an antibiotic at a proper concentration but as a drug to prevent disease in a long-term way.展开更多
The fruit of Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)Dubard is one of the most underutilized fruits of India and in Gujarat state.It is popularly known as‘Rayan’.The fruit and seed of Rayan were analysed for their total phenolic a...The fruit of Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)Dubard is one of the most underutilized fruits of India and in Gujarat state.It is popularly known as‘Rayan’.The fruit and seed of Rayan were analysed for their total phenolic and flavonoid content,phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity with six different assay methods.The results indicated that the methanolic extract of Rayan fruit being a good source of phenolic(811.3 mg GAE/100 g fw)and flavonoid(485.56 mg RE/100 g fw)content.Also,eleven known phenolic compounds were tentatively identified for the first time from the fruit and seed of Rayan.The LC–MS/MS analysis of fruit revealed the presence of major phenolic compounds such as gallic acid,quercetin and kaempferol,while quercetin,gallic acid and vanillic acid in seed.The presence of quercetin suggests health benefits.The fruit of Rayan was also proved to be a better source of antioxidants as measured by FRAP,RPA,DPPHRSA,ABTSRSA and HRSA except NORSA in comparison with that of seed.The current study explains that M.hexandra is a relatively good source of antioxidants such as phenols and flavonoids for diet.展开更多
Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels(Madan)is widely distributed in South Asian countries,including Sri Lanka,where it was naturally found.There were only few studies reported on S.cumini for its values and other benefits in Sri...Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels(Madan)is widely distributed in South Asian countries,including Sri Lanka,where it was naturally found.There were only few studies reported on S.cumini for its values and other benefits in Sri Lanka.This study focuses on morphological characterization and the diversity of S.cumini trees in seven locations of Sri Lanka.Data were collected on different morphological traits.Leaf,flower and fruit morphology showed significant differences among locations.Further,trees from Batticaloa region showed different morphology,which would potentially open a different avenue for further study to trace different cultivars across the country.Results of the diversity index and multivariate analyses indicated high diversity in morphology and antioxidant capacity of trees.The variables such as leaf area,inter-nodal length,petiole length,anther length,filament length,fruit size and pericarp thickness could be suitable candidates to investigate the morphological variation of S.cumini any further.Antioxidant capacity studies also showed significant differences among locations and trees.Fruit hue angle was positively correlated to antioxidant capacities.Finding of this study concluded that the wide distribution of S.cumini trees throughout Sri Lanka in different geographical locations showed high diversity in leaf,flower and fruit morphology together with antioxidant capacity.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method...[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.展开更多
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three organic manures (vermicompost, simple compost, compost with gypsum) with four different levels, as sources of fertilization, and mixed with river sand, thi...The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three organic manures (vermicompost, simple compost, compost with gypsum) with four different levels, as sources of fertilization, and mixed with river sand, this was used as an inert material, on the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The 12 mixtures formulated, with eight replications, were distributed in a completely randomized design. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and means were compared by test Tukey<sub>5%</sub>. All variables were significantly affected (p ≤ 0.001). Fruits with highest phenolic content were developed in the mixtures M2, M5 and M6 with 538.76, 541.54 and 565.04 mg GAE·100 kg<sup>-1</sup> DW, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of fruits was increased with mixtures M2, M5, M6 and M7 with values of 934.48, 942.04, 921.69 and 924.17 μM TEAC·g<sup>-1</sup> DW, respectively. The soluble solids content was higher in mixtures M1 and M2 with values of 4.93 and 4.97 °Brix, respectively. It was concluded that the variables studied were favored when applying, as sources of fertilization, mixtures of these organic manures with river sand, which could represent a suitable alternative for food production with quality nutraceutical.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Facial isometric exercise is a static contraction of facial muscles without any visible movement in the angle of the joints. To examine the effects of facial isometric exercise...<strong>Background:</strong> Facial isometric exercise is a static contraction of facial muscles without any visible movement in the angle of the joints. To examine the effects of facial isometric exercise on subjective stress and oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, we included 13 participants (6 males, 7 females;average age, 44.8 ± 19.6 years;age range: 20 - 74 years) who were exposed to constant temperature and humidity in a room. Fifteen minutes after entering the room, the force was measured before and after facial isometric exercise of the target muscles: upper lip levator, small zygomatic, large zygomatic, levator animus, laughing, buccal, muzzle, mental, temporal, masseter, and cervical muscles), and further evaluated by comparing the facial isometric exercise group and control (non-facial isometric exercise) group (crossover test). <strong>Results:</strong> Subjective stress significantly improved by 8.7 ± 16.3 in the facial isometric exercise group, and no significant difference in oxidative stress level was observed in both the groups. However, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased by 126.8 ± 168.1 μmol/l in the facial isometric exercise group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study suggest that facial isometric exercise is an exercise therapy that can provide mental stability and antiaging effects due to improvement in subjective stress and biological antioxidant potential.展开更多
Many oils from plants are important components of our food chain and maintaining their oxidative stability (OS) is economically and nutritionally important. OS is dependent in part on antioxidant capacity (AC) arising...Many oils from plants are important components of our food chain and maintaining their oxidative stability (OS) is economically and nutritionally important. OS is dependent in part on antioxidant capacity (AC) arising from the electron donating ability of endogenous compounds in the oils. Attention has focused on the contribution to AC of phenolic compounds in oils as many have bioactivities in vitro. However, the relevance of such phenolics to healthy nutrition remains unclear. In contrast, many plant-derived oils also contain tocopherol homologs, which as vitamin E are dietary-essential, lipid-soluble antioxidants. We have determined the AC of twelve “off the shelf” edible oils by assessing their ability to quench galvinoxyl, a stable free radical species. The stochiometric reactivity of vitamin E with galvinoxyl indicates that the combined dα-tocopherol and dγ-tocopherol homologs contribute between 20% (olive) and 85% (soya) to AC depending on type of oil. Tocopherols are important contributors to the AC of several vegetable oils. Breeding and photo mixotrophic programmes to enhance content in edible oil crops of this important vitamin may have a positive impact not only on oil stability during storage but also in contributing to provision of optimum dietary intakes for health.展开更多
ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antiox...ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.展开更多
Background/Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine on clinical recovery, as well as oxidative stress markers and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in whole blood of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA)...Background/Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine on clinical recovery, as well as oxidative stress markers and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in whole blood of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and methods: Sixty patients with grade 2 - 3 knee OA according to ACR knee OA criteria whom examination of the knee joint synovial fluid by polarized light microscopy demonstrated CPDD crystals existence were included in the study. Fifty healthy subjects were included as a control group. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (paracetamol group) was given only paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o and the second group (colchicine and paracetamol group) was given colchicine 1,5 gr and paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o for six months. For outcome measures WOMAC and VAS were used. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) ezyme activities and Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and TAC all were measured. Results: WOMAC scores were improved in both patient groups compared with pre-treatment evaluation (p 0.05). TAC was signifcantly increased only in colchicine/paracetamol group. Oxidant parameter MDA levels were significantly decreased in both paracetamol group and colchicine/paracetamol group. CAT, SOD enzyme activities and GSH levels did not change before and after treatment protocols in both patient groups. Conclusion: Both paracetamol 3000 mg/day and 3000 mg paracetamol plus 1,5 gr/day colchicine is effective in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. But the addition of colchicine to paracetamol produced significantly greater symptomatic benefit than paracetamol alone. Our study also showed that colchicine lowers whole blood MDA which is a lipid peroxidation compound and elevates TAC levels in patients with knee OA. This may show probable disease modifying effect of colchicine in knee OA which require further long period laboratory and radiologic investigations.展开更多
An 8-week feeding trial investigated the optimum dietary vitamin K3 requirements of largemouth bass.A total of 600 healthy fish(12.96±0.07 g)were fed diets containing varying levels of vitamin K3 at 0.78(K0),5.80...An 8-week feeding trial investigated the optimum dietary vitamin K3 requirements of largemouth bass.A total of 600 healthy fish(12.96±0.07 g)were fed diets containing varying levels of vitamin K3 at 0.78(K0),5.80(K5),10.82(K10),15.84(K15),and 20.85(K20)mg/kg with four replicates per level.Results showed that dietary vitamin K3 enhanced growth,with weight gain rate and specific growth rate in K15 trials significantly higher than K0 trials(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the content of crude protein,crude lipid,moisture,ash,and phosphorus in muscle tissue(P>0.05).However,the supplementation of vitamin K3 significantly contributed to calcium accumulation in muscle tissues and vertebrae(P<0.05)and increased red blood cell counts(P<0.05).The blood coagulation time decreased significantly with increasing dietary vitamin K3 from 0.78 to 10.82 mg/kg(P<0.05)before stabilizing(P>0.05).The antioxidant capacity was improved with the addition of vitamin K3,which was inconsistent with the changes in malondialdehyde and MK-4(a form of menaquinone)within liver and serum,suggesting that the toxicity of excessive artificial vitamin K3 may account for this difference.Using regression analysis,the appropriate dietary vitamin K3 levels within a largemouth bass diet was determined to be in the range of 9.93-15.22 mg/kg,which will provide a reference for the preparation of vitamin premix and artificial diet for largemouth bass.展开更多
A visual colorimetric detection strategy is reported for total antioxidant capacity(TAC)assay by using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation as chromogenic substrate based on gold nanoparticle-decorated...A visual colorimetric detection strategy is reported for total antioxidant capacity(TAC)assay by using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation as chromogenic substrate based on gold nanoparticle-decorated MoSe_(2) nanosheets(Au@MoSe_(2)).Au@MoSe_(2) nanostructures exhibit high peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze H_(2)O_(2)to oxidize TMB.Based on inhibition effect of ascorbic acid(AA)on TMB oxidation,a facile and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for AA detection.Under optimal conditions,the proposed method showed a sensitivity for AA in a concentration range from 2 to 120μM and limit of detection was 0.41μM.Furthermore,the method was employed for TAC assay in actual samples,including commercial beverages and vitamin C tablets.This work represents a model in nanostructure design and will lead to further development of TAC assay in evaluation of antioxidant food quality.展开更多
Seed germination with selenium(Se)is promising for producing Se-biofortified foods.Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)sprout is freshly eaten as a salad dressed with sauce,making it superior for Se biofortification.Since...Seed germination with selenium(Se)is promising for producing Se-biofortified foods.Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)sprout is freshly eaten as a salad dressed with sauce,making it superior for Se biofortification.Since the Se safety range for the human body is extremely narrow,it is imperative to evaluate the genotypic responses of mungbean sprouts to Se.This study evaluated the Se enrichment capacity and interaction withflavonoids and antioxidant systems in sprouts of 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment was done by immersing mung-bean seeds in 20μM sodium selenite solution for 8 h.Afterward,the biomass,Se amounts,flavonoid(particularly vitexin and isovitexin)contents,antioxidant capacity,and key biosynthetic gene expressions were measured.Sprout Se content was 2.0-7.0μg g^(-1) DW among the 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment differentially affected the biomass,totalflavonoid,vitexin,isovitexin,antioxidant enzyme activities,and antioxidant capacities of the mungbean germplasms.Eight germplasms showed increased biomass(p<0.05),the highest increasing by 127%,but 13 did not phenotypically respond to Se treatment.Seven and six germplasms showed varied levels of vitexin and isovitexin increment after Se treatment,the highest measuring 2.67-and 2.87-folds for vitexin and isovitexin,respectively.Two mungbeanflavonoid biosynthesis genes,chalcone synthase(VrCHS)and chalcone isomerase(VrCHI)were significantly up-regulated in the germplasms with increased vitexin and isovitexin levels(p<0.05).Moreover,Se enrichment capacity was significantly correlated with the vitexin,isovitexin,and antiox-idant capacities.In conclusion,mungbean sprouts could be a useful Se-biofortified food,but the Se enrichment capacity and nutritional response must be determined for each germplasm before commercialization.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality,antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs.In a 70-day experiment,18 DurocLandraceYorkshire b...This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality,antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs.In a 70-day experiment,18 DurocLandraceYorkshire barrows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0,100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene,respectively.Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with one pig each.Results showed that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation increased muscle redness a^(*)value,intramuscular fat and crude protein contents,and decreased muscle lightness L^(*)and yellowness b^(*)values(P<0.05),suggesting that addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs improved color,nutritional value and juiciness of pork after slaughter.Results also showed that dietary lycopene supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs(P<0.05).Moreover,dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg lycopene significantly increased slow myosin heavy chain(MyHC)protein level and slow-twitch fiber percentage,and decreased fast MyHC protein level and fast-twitch fiber percentage(P<0.05),suggesting that the addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs promoted muscle fiber type conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch.Together,we provide the first evidence that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,enhances antioxidant capacity and promotes muscle fiber type transformation from fast-twitch to slow-twitch in finishing pigs.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract(NCE,containing 2%natural capsaicin,the rest is carrier)replacing chlortetracycline(CTC)on performance,digestive enzyme activities,...The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract(NCE,containing 2%natural capsaicin,the rest is carrier)replacing chlortetracycline(CTC)on performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,inflammatory cytokines,and gut health in weaned pigs.A total of 108 weaned pigs(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],initial body weight-8.68±1.34 kg;weaned on d 28)were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group(CON),a CTC group(basal diet+CTC at 75 mg/kg),and a NCE group(basal diet--NEC at 80 mg/kg).Compared with CON and CTC,NCE had increased(P<0.05)average daily gain in phase 2(d 15 to 28)and overall(d 1 to 28),and higher(P<0.05)apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy,dry matter,crude protein,and organic matter in phase 1(d 1 to 14).These pigs also had increased(P<0.05)pancrelipase activity in pancreas,α-amylase,lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa,and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d 28.Moreover,NCE had increased(P<0.05)the contents of growth hormone,β-endorphin,5-hydroxytryptamine,total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,catalase,and IL-10,as well as decreased(P<0.05)contents of malondialdehyde,tumor nuclear factor-a,interferon-y,and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and CTC.NCE showed higher(P<0.05)propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents,and increased(P<0.05)relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in colon,as well as higher(P<0.05)propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with CON.In conclusion,NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs,and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.展开更多
Oxidative stress can damage cellular antioxidant defense and reduce livestock production efficiency.Spermine is a ubiquitous cellular component that plays important roles in stabilizing nucleic acids,modulating cell g...Oxidative stress can damage cellular antioxidant defense and reduce livestock production efficiency.Spermine is a ubiquitous cellular component that plays important roles in stabilizing nucleic acids,modulating cell growth and differentiation, and regulating ion channel activities. Spermine has the potential to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress. However, to date no information is available about the effect of spermine administration on antioxidant property of the liver and spleen in any mammalian in vivo system. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of spermine on rat liver and spleen under oxidative stress. Rats received intragastric administration of either 0.4 μmol/g body weight of spermine or saline once a day for 3 days. The rats in each treatment were then injected with either diquat or sterile saline at 12 mg/kg body weight. Liver and spleen samples were collected 48 h after the last spermine ingestion.Results showed that regardless of diquat treatment, spermine administration significantly reduced the malondialdehyde(MDA) content by 23.78% in the liver and by 5.75% in the spleen, respectively(P < 0.05).Spermine administration also enhanced the catalase(CAT) activity, anti-hydroxyl radical(AHR) capacity and glutathione(GSH) content by 38.68%, 15.53% and 1.32% in the spleen, respectively(P< 0.05). There were interactions between spermine administration and diquat injection about anti-superoxide anion(ASA),AHR capacity, CAT activity, GSH content, and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in the liver and about ASA capacity and T-AOC in the spleen of weaned rats(P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, spermine administration significantly increased the AHR capacity, CAT activity, GSH content, and T-AOC by 40.23%,31.15%, 30.25%, 35.37% in the liver, respectively(P < 0.05) and increased the T-AOC by 8% in the spleen of weaned rats(P < 0.05). Compared with the diquat group, spermine + diquat group significantly increased ASA capacity by 15.63% in the liver and by 73.41% in the spleen of weaned rats, respectively(P < 0.05).Results demonstrate that spermine administration can increase the antioxidant capacity in the liver and spleen and can enhance the antioxidant status in the spleen and liver under oxidative stress.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province,No.823MS046the Talent Program of Hainan Medical University,No.XRC2022007.
文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To explore the mechanism of alk-SMase anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS Mice were administered 3%DSS drinking water,and disease activity index was determined to evaluate the status of colitis.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by gavage administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,and bacterial translocation was evaluated by measuring serum lipopolysaccharide.Intestinal epithelial cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy.Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of intestinal barrier proteins and mRNA,respectively.Serum oxidant and antioxidant marker levels were analyzed using commercial kits to assess oxidative stress levels.RESULTS Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,inflammation and intestinal permeability in alk-SMase knockout(KO)mice were more severe beginning 4 d after DSS induction.The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal barrier proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,claudin-3,claudin-5,claudin-8,mucin 2,and secretory immunoglobulin A,were significantly reduced on 4 d after DSS treatment.Ultrastructural observations revealed progressive damage to the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.Furthermore,by day 4,mitochondria appeared swollen and degenerated.Additionally,compared to WT mice,serum malondialdehyde levels in KO mice were higher,and the antioxidant capacity was significantly lower.The expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the colonic mucosal tissue of KO mice was significantly decreased after DSS treatment.mRNA levels of Nrf2-regulated downstream antioxidant enzymes were also decreased.Finally,colitis in KO mice could be effectively relieved by the injection of tertiary butylhydroquinone,which is an Nrf2 activator.CONCLUSION Alk-SMase regulates the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and enhances antioxidant activity through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
基金financially supported by the Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KFJ-BRP-007-015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31901079 and 32171608)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.18YF1NA123)Key Laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology in the Loess Region of Shanxi Transportation Research Institute (Grant No.BRZD 1809)Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (Grant No.2021-RC-76).
文摘Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods. Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.) Moq., a pioneer plant native to sand dunes with ecological restoration function, is a traditional food plant of sand regions and Mongolian folk medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed that A. squarrosum seed, also called sand rice, has high nutritional value. However, the long-term health effects of eating sand rice remain unclear. To better explore and evaluate its long-term effects, hereby, ICR mice were fed with sand rice flour at different ratios(control, 60% and 95%) for 100 days. Results show that the growth and blood glucose level curve of these experimental mice were lower and more stable than that of the control. In addition, mice fed pure sand rice ingredient(95%) gained more stable body weight and blood glucose after 28 days, which revealed that sand rice is a food with comprehensive nutritional value and rarely negatively impacts the body growth performance. Our data also demonstrates that, the content of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) provided the lowest level in the blood of mice with a diet of pure sand rice ingredient, 0.48, 4.14, 0.91, 3.03 mmol/L, respectively. Also, T-SOD and GSH-PX activity provided a high level in mice with pure sand rice gradient, which significantly increased by 36%(T-SOD)and 19%(GSH-PX) compared to the control. These results suggest that long term intake of the pure sand rice ingredients is more helpful for stabilizing blood lipid and improve antioxidant capacity and beneficial to people suffering from chronic disease. This study supplies the first animal evidence to support the claim that sand rice is a promising functional food with comprehensive nutrition in the future. We are confident that, with increasing demands of daily sand rice usage, planting A. squarrosum in the vast desert regions will further increase the local economy and ecological restoration when coping with global warming.
基金supported by the Identification of the Common Nutrients of Edible Agricultural Products and the Character Nutrients of Special Agricultural Products and Their Key Control Points of Quality,China (GJFP201701501)the Chongqing Program for Production of Late Maturing Citrus Fruits,China (20174-4)+2 种基金the Program for Talent Introduction of Chongqing Three Gorges University,China (14RC05)the Program for Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China (KJ1501015)the Program for Chongqing Science & Technology Commission,China (cstc2016jcyj A0555)
文摘The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals(DPPH)method and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid(ABTS)method.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents,and their antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus fruit tissues.Generally,the peel had both the highest average of total phenolics(27.18 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)g^(–1 )DW)and total flavonoids(38.97 mg rutin equivalent(RE)g^(–1) DW).The highest antioxidant capacity was also the average of DPPH value(21.92 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity(VCEAC)g^(–1 )DW)and average of ABTS value(78.70 mg VCEAC g^(–1) DW)in peel.The correlation coefficient between the total phenolics and their antioxidant capacity of different citrus fruits tissues ranged from 0.079 to0.792,and from–0.150 to 0.664 for the total flavonoids.The antioxidant capacity of fruit tissues were correlated with the total phenoilc content and flavonoid content except in case of the peel.In addition,the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus genotypes.Manju and Karamandarin were better genotypes with higher antioxidation and the phenolic content,however Shagan was the poorest genotype with lower antioxidation and the phenolic content.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)the Applied Basic Research Programs of ScienceTechnology Commission Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2015JY0067).
文摘Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on growth in aquatic animals.However,there were limited studies regarding the benefits of Ile on fish muscle and their effects on flesh quality and muscle growth.Thus,this study was conducted to explore whether dietary Ile had affected flesh quality and muscle growth in hybrid bagrid catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli♀×Leiocassis longirostris♂).Methods:A total of 630 hybrid fish,with an initial average body weight of 33.11±0.09 g,were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups with three replicates each,and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diets for 8 weeks.Results:In the present study,we demonstrated that Ile significantly:(1)increased muscle protein and lipid contents and the frequency distribution of myofibers with≤20μm and≥50μm of diameter;(2)improved pH value,shear force,cathepsin B and L activities,hydroxyproline content,resilience,cohesiveness,and decreased cooking loss,lactate content,hardness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness;(3)decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein carbonyl(PC)contents,GCLC and Keap1 mRNA levels,and up-regulated CuZnSOD,CAT,GPX1a,GST,and Nrf2 mRNA levels;(4)up-regulated the insulin-like growth factor 1,2(IGF-1,IGF-2),insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Myf5,Myod,Myog,Mrf4,and MyHC mRNA levels,and decreased MSTN mRNAlevel;(5)increased muscle protein deposition by activating AKT-TOR-S6K1 and AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathways.Conclusion:These results revealed that dietary Ile improved flesh quality,which might be due to increasing nutritional content,physicochemical,texture parameters,and antioxidant ability;promoting muscle growth by affecting myocytes hyperplasia and hypertrophy,and muscle protein deposition associated with protein synthesis and degradation signaling pathways.Finally,the quadratic regression analysis of chewiness,ROS,and protein contents against dietary Ile levels suggested that the optimal dietary Ile levels for hybrid bagrid catfish was estimated to be 14.19,12.36,and 12.78 g/kg diet,corresponding to 36.59,31.87,and 32.96 g/kg dietary protein,respectively.
基金This study was supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System-Peking Poultry Innovation Team(BAIC04–2021)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0700201).
文摘Background:Natural astaxanthin(ASTA)has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health.However,the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly studied.We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via antioxidation defense system.Methods:In the present study,9653-week-old Jinghong No.1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0,25,50,or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks.Results:Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved than that in the control group,and antioxidant activities,the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions,increased gradually with ASTA addition(P<0.05).In addition,the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were markedly increased in the 50-100 mg/kg ASTA group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals,which may be related to upregulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0404000)the Project of Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Department(No.201731)+1 种基金the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering Ministry of Education(No.KLIEEE-17-12)the High-level Innovation Team Overseas Training Project of Liaoning Provincial(No.201818)
文摘Antibiotics are widespread in various environmental media,and may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target aquatic organisms.Florfenicol(FLO)is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture,and extensively used to substitute chloramphenicol with its strong sterilization and low adverse ef fect.In this study,flounder Paralichthys olivaceus,an important economic fish species in seawater was used as an experimental subject.Five exposure concentrations of FLO(including environmentrelated concentrations)were set at 0,0.01,0.1,1,and 10 mg/L.Ef fects of FLO exposure for 168 h on growth and development,motor behavior,antioxidant enzyme activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and thyroid hormone level of P.olivaceus larvae were studied in pre-larvae(1 dpf)and post-larvae(20 dpf).The results show that the short-term FLO exposure could promote the larvae growth to some degrees,but inhibit them as the exposure time prolonged.For pre-larvae,FLO at 0.01 mg/L could stimulate the motor nerve system and increase the swimming ability,but inhibited it at 1 mg/L.With the increasing dosage of FLO,the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA contents were elevated,reaching the maximum in the 1 mg/L FLO group.The pre-larvae were more sensitive than the post-larvae to FLO in the environment,and the growth and immune resistance could be damaged with long exposure.Post-larvae were more tolerant to external pollutants,FLO at 1 mg/L could promote the motor behavior and reduce SOD and MDA contents.Therefore,FLO can be used as an antibiotic at a proper concentration but as a drug to prevent disease in a long-term way.
文摘The fruit of Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)Dubard is one of the most underutilized fruits of India and in Gujarat state.It is popularly known as‘Rayan’.The fruit and seed of Rayan were analysed for their total phenolic and flavonoid content,phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity with six different assay methods.The results indicated that the methanolic extract of Rayan fruit being a good source of phenolic(811.3 mg GAE/100 g fw)and flavonoid(485.56 mg RE/100 g fw)content.Also,eleven known phenolic compounds were tentatively identified for the first time from the fruit and seed of Rayan.The LC–MS/MS analysis of fruit revealed the presence of major phenolic compounds such as gallic acid,quercetin and kaempferol,while quercetin,gallic acid and vanillic acid in seed.The presence of quercetin suggests health benefits.The fruit of Rayan was also proved to be a better source of antioxidants as measured by FRAP,RPA,DPPHRSA,ABTSRSA and HRSA except NORSA in comparison with that of seed.The current study explains that M.hexandra is a relatively good source of antioxidants such as phenols and flavonoids for diet.
基金financial support from the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka under Grant No.SUSL/RG/2016/8。
文摘Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels(Madan)is widely distributed in South Asian countries,including Sri Lanka,where it was naturally found.There were only few studies reported on S.cumini for its values and other benefits in Sri Lanka.This study focuses on morphological characterization and the diversity of S.cumini trees in seven locations of Sri Lanka.Data were collected on different morphological traits.Leaf,flower and fruit morphology showed significant differences among locations.Further,trees from Batticaloa region showed different morphology,which would potentially open a different avenue for further study to trace different cultivars across the country.Results of the diversity index and multivariate analyses indicated high diversity in morphology and antioxidant capacity of trees.The variables such as leaf area,inter-nodal length,petiole length,anther length,filament length,fruit size and pericarp thickness could be suitable candidates to investigate the morphological variation of S.cumini any further.Antioxidant capacity studies also showed significant differences among locations and trees.Fruit hue angle was positively correlated to antioxidant capacities.Finding of this study concluded that the wide distribution of S.cumini trees throughout Sri Lanka in different geographical locations showed high diversity in leaf,flower and fruit morphology together with antioxidant capacity.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.
文摘The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three organic manures (vermicompost, simple compost, compost with gypsum) with four different levels, as sources of fertilization, and mixed with river sand, this was used as an inert material, on the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The 12 mixtures formulated, with eight replications, were distributed in a completely randomized design. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and means were compared by test Tukey<sub>5%</sub>. All variables were significantly affected (p ≤ 0.001). Fruits with highest phenolic content were developed in the mixtures M2, M5 and M6 with 538.76, 541.54 and 565.04 mg GAE·100 kg<sup>-1</sup> DW, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of fruits was increased with mixtures M2, M5, M6 and M7 with values of 934.48, 942.04, 921.69 and 924.17 μM TEAC·g<sup>-1</sup> DW, respectively. The soluble solids content was higher in mixtures M1 and M2 with values of 4.93 and 4.97 °Brix, respectively. It was concluded that the variables studied were favored when applying, as sources of fertilization, mixtures of these organic manures with river sand, which could represent a suitable alternative for food production with quality nutraceutical.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Facial isometric exercise is a static contraction of facial muscles without any visible movement in the angle of the joints. To examine the effects of facial isometric exercise on subjective stress and oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, we included 13 participants (6 males, 7 females;average age, 44.8 ± 19.6 years;age range: 20 - 74 years) who were exposed to constant temperature and humidity in a room. Fifteen minutes after entering the room, the force was measured before and after facial isometric exercise of the target muscles: upper lip levator, small zygomatic, large zygomatic, levator animus, laughing, buccal, muzzle, mental, temporal, masseter, and cervical muscles), and further evaluated by comparing the facial isometric exercise group and control (non-facial isometric exercise) group (crossover test). <strong>Results:</strong> Subjective stress significantly improved by 8.7 ± 16.3 in the facial isometric exercise group, and no significant difference in oxidative stress level was observed in both the groups. However, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased by 126.8 ± 168.1 μmol/l in the facial isometric exercise group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study suggest that facial isometric exercise is an exercise therapy that can provide mental stability and antiaging effects due to improvement in subjective stress and biological antioxidant potential.
文摘Many oils from plants are important components of our food chain and maintaining their oxidative stability (OS) is economically and nutritionally important. OS is dependent in part on antioxidant capacity (AC) arising from the electron donating ability of endogenous compounds in the oils. Attention has focused on the contribution to AC of phenolic compounds in oils as many have bioactivities in vitro. However, the relevance of such phenolics to healthy nutrition remains unclear. In contrast, many plant-derived oils also contain tocopherol homologs, which as vitamin E are dietary-essential, lipid-soluble antioxidants. We have determined the AC of twelve “off the shelf” edible oils by assessing their ability to quench galvinoxyl, a stable free radical species. The stochiometric reactivity of vitamin E with galvinoxyl indicates that the combined dα-tocopherol and dγ-tocopherol homologs contribute between 20% (olive) and 85% (soya) to AC depending on type of oil. Tocopherols are important contributors to the AC of several vegetable oils. Breeding and photo mixotrophic programmes to enhance content in edible oil crops of this important vitamin may have a positive impact not only on oil stability during storage but also in contributing to provision of optimum dietary intakes for health.
基金The Faculty of Chemistry and the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica,PAPIIT(grant No.IT202812-3)of the Universidad Na-cionalAutónoma de México are gratefully acknowledged for financial supportThe Ayotoxco vanilla beans were supplied by the Ayotoxco farmers with the support of the InstitutoPoblano de Desarrollo Rural A.C.
文摘ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.
基金funded by Yuzuncu Yil University Science Researchs Supporting Agency
文摘Background/Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine on clinical recovery, as well as oxidative stress markers and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in whole blood of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and methods: Sixty patients with grade 2 - 3 knee OA according to ACR knee OA criteria whom examination of the knee joint synovial fluid by polarized light microscopy demonstrated CPDD crystals existence were included in the study. Fifty healthy subjects were included as a control group. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (paracetamol group) was given only paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o and the second group (colchicine and paracetamol group) was given colchicine 1,5 gr and paracetamol 3 gr daily p.o for six months. For outcome measures WOMAC and VAS were used. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) ezyme activities and Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and TAC all were measured. Results: WOMAC scores were improved in both patient groups compared with pre-treatment evaluation (p 0.05). TAC was signifcantly increased only in colchicine/paracetamol group. Oxidant parameter MDA levels were significantly decreased in both paracetamol group and colchicine/paracetamol group. CAT, SOD enzyme activities and GSH levels did not change before and after treatment protocols in both patient groups. Conclusion: Both paracetamol 3000 mg/day and 3000 mg paracetamol plus 1,5 gr/day colchicine is effective in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. But the addition of colchicine to paracetamol produced significantly greater symptomatic benefit than paracetamol alone. Our study also showed that colchicine lowers whole blood MDA which is a lipid peroxidation compound and elevates TAC levels in patients with knee OA. This may show probable disease modifying effect of colchicine in knee OA which require further long period laboratory and radiologic investigations.
基金study was supported by Guangdong province key field R&D program project(No.2020B0202010001)Shanghai collaborative innovation for aquatic animal genetics and breeding.
文摘An 8-week feeding trial investigated the optimum dietary vitamin K3 requirements of largemouth bass.A total of 600 healthy fish(12.96±0.07 g)were fed diets containing varying levels of vitamin K3 at 0.78(K0),5.80(K5),10.82(K10),15.84(K15),and 20.85(K20)mg/kg with four replicates per level.Results showed that dietary vitamin K3 enhanced growth,with weight gain rate and specific growth rate in K15 trials significantly higher than K0 trials(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the content of crude protein,crude lipid,moisture,ash,and phosphorus in muscle tissue(P>0.05).However,the supplementation of vitamin K3 significantly contributed to calcium accumulation in muscle tissues and vertebrae(P<0.05)and increased red blood cell counts(P<0.05).The blood coagulation time decreased significantly with increasing dietary vitamin K3 from 0.78 to 10.82 mg/kg(P<0.05)before stabilizing(P>0.05).The antioxidant capacity was improved with the addition of vitamin K3,which was inconsistent with the changes in malondialdehyde and MK-4(a form of menaquinone)within liver and serum,suggesting that the toxicity of excessive artificial vitamin K3 may account for this difference.Using regression analysis,the appropriate dietary vitamin K3 levels within a largemouth bass diet was determined to be in the range of 9.93-15.22 mg/kg,which will provide a reference for the preparation of vitamin premix and artificial diet for largemouth bass.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804050 and 22004032)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2021JJ20020).
文摘A visual colorimetric detection strategy is reported for total antioxidant capacity(TAC)assay by using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation as chromogenic substrate based on gold nanoparticle-decorated MoSe_(2) nanosheets(Au@MoSe_(2)).Au@MoSe_(2) nanostructures exhibit high peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze H_(2)O_(2)to oxidize TMB.Based on inhibition effect of ascorbic acid(AA)on TMB oxidation,a facile and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for AA detection.Under optimal conditions,the proposed method showed a sensitivity for AA in a concentration range from 2 to 120μM and limit of detection was 0.41μM.Furthermore,the method was employed for TAC assay in actual samples,including commercial beverages and vitamin C tablets.This work represents a model in nanostructure design and will lead to further development of TAC assay in evaluation of antioxidant food quality.
基金This study was supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Research for Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2021A0533,2023AH050345)the Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Universities in Anhui Province(2022AH010029).
文摘Seed germination with selenium(Se)is promising for producing Se-biofortified foods.Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)sprout is freshly eaten as a salad dressed with sauce,making it superior for Se biofortification.Since the Se safety range for the human body is extremely narrow,it is imperative to evaluate the genotypic responses of mungbean sprouts to Se.This study evaluated the Se enrichment capacity and interaction withflavonoids and antioxidant systems in sprouts of 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment was done by immersing mung-bean seeds in 20μM sodium selenite solution for 8 h.Afterward,the biomass,Se amounts,flavonoid(particularly vitexin and isovitexin)contents,antioxidant capacity,and key biosynthetic gene expressions were measured.Sprout Se content was 2.0-7.0μg g^(-1) DW among the 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment differentially affected the biomass,totalflavonoid,vitexin,isovitexin,antioxidant enzyme activities,and antioxidant capacities of the mungbean germplasms.Eight germplasms showed increased biomass(p<0.05),the highest increasing by 127%,but 13 did not phenotypically respond to Se treatment.Seven and six germplasms showed varied levels of vitexin and isovitexin increment after Se treatment,the highest measuring 2.67-and 2.87-folds for vitexin and isovitexin,respectively.Two mungbeanflavonoid biosynthesis genes,chalcone synthase(VrCHS)and chalcone isomerase(VrCHI)were significantly up-regulated in the germplasms with increased vitexin and isovitexin levels(p<0.05).Moreover,Se enrichment capacity was significantly correlated with the vitexin,isovitexin,and antiox-idant capacities.In conclusion,mungbean sprouts could be a useful Se-biofortified food,but the Se enrichment capacity and nutritional response must be determined for each germplasm before commercialization.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0500403)the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Project(No.2020JDTD0026).
文摘This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality,antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs.In a 70-day experiment,18 DurocLandraceYorkshire barrows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0,100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene,respectively.Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with one pig each.Results showed that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation increased muscle redness a^(*)value,intramuscular fat and crude protein contents,and decreased muscle lightness L^(*)and yellowness b^(*)values(P<0.05),suggesting that addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs improved color,nutritional value and juiciness of pork after slaughter.Results also showed that dietary lycopene supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs(P<0.05).Moreover,dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg lycopene significantly increased slow myosin heavy chain(MyHC)protein level and slow-twitch fiber percentage,and decreased fast MyHC protein level and fast-twitch fiber percentage(P<0.05),suggesting that the addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs promoted muscle fiber type conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch.Together,we provide the first evidence that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,enhances antioxidant capacity and promotes muscle fiber type transformation from fast-twitch to slow-twitch in finishing pigs.
基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612).
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract(NCE,containing 2%natural capsaicin,the rest is carrier)replacing chlortetracycline(CTC)on performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,inflammatory cytokines,and gut health in weaned pigs.A total of 108 weaned pigs(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],initial body weight-8.68±1.34 kg;weaned on d 28)were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group(CON),a CTC group(basal diet+CTC at 75 mg/kg),and a NCE group(basal diet--NEC at 80 mg/kg).Compared with CON and CTC,NCE had increased(P<0.05)average daily gain in phase 2(d 15 to 28)and overall(d 1 to 28),and higher(P<0.05)apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy,dry matter,crude protein,and organic matter in phase 1(d 1 to 14).These pigs also had increased(P<0.05)pancrelipase activity in pancreas,α-amylase,lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa,and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d 28.Moreover,NCE had increased(P<0.05)the contents of growth hormone,β-endorphin,5-hydroxytryptamine,total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,catalase,and IL-10,as well as decreased(P<0.05)contents of malondialdehyde,tumor nuclear factor-a,interferon-y,and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and CTC.NCE showed higher(P<0.05)propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents,and increased(P<0.05)relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in colon,as well as higher(P<0.05)propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with CON.In conclusion,NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs,and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31301986)the Academy of Kechuang Feed Industry in Sichuan and Program for Discipline Construction in Sichuan Agricultural University (to G. Liu) for financial support
文摘Oxidative stress can damage cellular antioxidant defense and reduce livestock production efficiency.Spermine is a ubiquitous cellular component that plays important roles in stabilizing nucleic acids,modulating cell growth and differentiation, and regulating ion channel activities. Spermine has the potential to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress. However, to date no information is available about the effect of spermine administration on antioxidant property of the liver and spleen in any mammalian in vivo system. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of spermine on rat liver and spleen under oxidative stress. Rats received intragastric administration of either 0.4 μmol/g body weight of spermine or saline once a day for 3 days. The rats in each treatment were then injected with either diquat or sterile saline at 12 mg/kg body weight. Liver and spleen samples were collected 48 h after the last spermine ingestion.Results showed that regardless of diquat treatment, spermine administration significantly reduced the malondialdehyde(MDA) content by 23.78% in the liver and by 5.75% in the spleen, respectively(P < 0.05).Spermine administration also enhanced the catalase(CAT) activity, anti-hydroxyl radical(AHR) capacity and glutathione(GSH) content by 38.68%, 15.53% and 1.32% in the spleen, respectively(P< 0.05). There were interactions between spermine administration and diquat injection about anti-superoxide anion(ASA),AHR capacity, CAT activity, GSH content, and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in the liver and about ASA capacity and T-AOC in the spleen of weaned rats(P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, spermine administration significantly increased the AHR capacity, CAT activity, GSH content, and T-AOC by 40.23%,31.15%, 30.25%, 35.37% in the liver, respectively(P < 0.05) and increased the T-AOC by 8% in the spleen of weaned rats(P < 0.05). Compared with the diquat group, spermine + diquat group significantly increased ASA capacity by 15.63% in the liver and by 73.41% in the spleen of weaned rats, respectively(P < 0.05).Results demonstrate that spermine administration can increase the antioxidant capacity in the liver and spleen and can enhance the antioxidant status in the spleen and liver under oxidative stress.
