Conodont animal is an extinct group of marine animals.The conodont elements and their hard skeletal remains are originally from the head region of this kind of animal,and they are considered to be functioned as“teeth...Conodont animal is an extinct group of marine animals.The conodont elements and their hard skeletal remains are originally from the head region of this kind of animal,and they are considered to be functioned as“teeth”.The“multielement apparatus”can also be called the“(conodont)apparatus”,“multimembrate(skeletal)apparatus”.展开更多
The squeezing scenario in deep weak rock tunnels can hinder underground construction.However,due to the limitations of test technologies at hand,the real excavation stress path cannot be mimicked in the laboratory.Thu...The squeezing scenario in deep weak rock tunnels can hinder underground construction.However,due to the limitations of test technologies at hand,the real excavation stress path cannot be mimicked in the laboratory.Thus,the large deformation mechanism of deep weak rocks still remains unclear.For this,a true triaxial apparatus(TTA)to investigate the mechanical responses of deep weak rock under excavation stress paths in field and reveal the squeezing mechanism of deep tunnels is assembled and developed at Northeastern University,China.The apparatus can perform instantaneous unloading in s3 direction based on electromagnetism technology.In addition,uniform loading and deformation measurements can be carried out based on the proposed linked interlocking clamp and antifriction device,even if the sample has a strong dilatation deformation performance.Next,a bore trepanning is designed to capture noiseless acoustic emission(AE)signals for deep weak rock at a low threshold.Finally,two tests were are conducted using this instrument to preliminarily understand the failure and deformation features of deep weak rock based on fractured marble.The results show that the complete stressestrain curves of fractured marble have the characteristics of low strengths and large deformations,and the larger deformation and the more serious failure occur when the fractured marble enters the post-peak state after excavation.The results show that the developed apparatus is likely to be applicable for deep weak rock engineering.展开更多
Data loss or distortion causes adverse effects on the accuracy and stability of the thunderstorm point charge localization.To solve this problem,we propose a data complementary method based on the atmospheric electric...Data loss or distortion causes adverse effects on the accuracy and stability of the thunderstorm point charge localization.To solve this problem,we propose a data complementary method based on the atmospheric electric field apparatus array group.The electric field component measurement model of the atmospheric electric field apparatus is established,and the orientation parameters of the thunderstorm point charge are defined.Based on the mirror method,the thunderstorm point charge coordinates are obtained by using the potential distribution formulas.To test the validity of the basic algorithm,the electric field component measurement error and the localization accuracy are studied.Besides the azimuth angle and the elevation angle,the localization parameters also include the distance from the apparatus to the thunderstorm cloud.Based on a primary electric field apparatus,we establish the array group of apparatuses.Based on this,the data measured by each apparatus is complementarily processed to regain the thunderstorm point charge position.The results show that,compared with the radar map data,this method can accurately reflect the location of the thunderstorm point charge,and has a better localization effect.Additionally,several observation results during thunderstorm weather have been presented.展开更多
This paper describes the setup and working mechanism of a simulation test apparatus for marine corrosion. Experimental results showed the apparatus can basically reflect the corrosion behavior of steel in various mari...This paper describes the setup and working mechanism of a simulation test apparatus for marine corrosion. Experimental results showed the apparatus can basically reflect the corrosion behavior of steel in various marine environments, and is simple, convenient, and reliable for testing steel used for marine engineering.展开更多
Expansion of the pressure range of Kawai-type multi-anvil presses (KMAPs) with tungsten carbide (WC) anvils is called for, especially in the field of Earth science. However, no significant progress in pressure generat...Expansion of the pressure range of Kawai-type multi-anvil presses (KMAPs) with tungsten carbide (WC) anvils is called for, especially in the field of Earth science. However, no significant progress in pressure generation has been made for 40 years. Our recent studies have expanded the pressure generation of a KMAP with WC anvils to 65 GPa, which is the world record for high-pressure generation in this device and is more than 2.5 times higher than conventional pressure generation. We have also successfully generated pressures of about 50 GPa at high temperatures. This work reviews our recently developed technology for high-pressure generation. High-pressure generation at room temperature and at high temperature was attained by integration of the following techniques:① a precisely aligned guideblock system,② a high degree of hardness of the second-stage anvils,③ tapering of the second-stage anvil faces,④ a high-pressure cell consisting of materials with a high bulk modulus, and ⑤ high thermal insulation of the furnace. Our high-pressure technology will facilitate investigation of the phase stability and physical properties of materials under the conditions of the upper part of the lower mantle, and will permit the synthesis and characterization of novel materials.展开更多
A compact, low cost, multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic system for HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been in operation since 1999. Its capability of measuring electron temperatures is in the range of 200 eV to 2 ...A compact, low cost, multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic system for HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been in operation since 1999. Its capability of measuring electron temperatures is in the range of 200 eV to 2 keV at a density of a few times IO12 cm-3, with a spatial resolution of 2.4 cm for 5 spatial points and a temporal resolution of 1 ms-1 s for 8 time points. The main components of the diagnostic system include a 20-25 J Nd: glass laser with 35 ns pulse width (8 pulses per burst), a KDP frequency-doubling unit, spherical mirrors of multipass input optical system, a wide-angle collection objective, a bandpass glass filter for reducing the stray light to zero a f/2.5 polychromator, a fiberglass collimator, a photomultiplier’s box with electronic preamplifier, high gain and high signal/noise ratio, CAMAC data acquisition and so on. The multipass optical system has been successful at increasing the quantity of scattered photons by passing the probing laser beam 10 times through the plasma under investigation. The HT7 Thomson scattering diagnostic has provided successfully the information on two-dimensional electron temperature in the plasma of HT-7 tokamak with LHCD and IBW.展开更多
Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrim...Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrimal drainage apparatus and nasal cavity that had been successfully treated by endoscopic surgery.Lacrimal drainage apparatus tumors are rare but展开更多
Ponyfishes of the family Leiognathidae frequently show overlapping distribution pattems in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea. The mouth morphology of three species of ponyfishes which feed at different lerels in th...Ponyfishes of the family Leiognathidae frequently show overlapping distribution pattems in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea. The mouth morphology of three species of ponyfishes which feed at different lerels in the water column were compared. The species could be distinguished primarily by the mouth meropology. Gazza minuta (Bloch)feeds mainly on bethos, has the least protruding jaws; Secutor ruconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) feeds mainly on plankton, has the most protruding jaws, Leiognathus rivuatus (Temmink et Schlegel) has an intermediate deggree of jaw protrusion. This study showed that closely related species with overlapping distributions frequently exhibit morphologlcal, phpsiological or ecological differences related to the search for food, the intake of food or locomotion mode.展开更多
Based on the principles of massive support and lateral support, a novel double-layered split die(DLSD) for high-pressure apparatus was designed to achieve a higher pressure-bearing capacity and larger sample cavity. T...Based on the principles of massive support and lateral support, a novel double-layered split die(DLSD) for high-pressure apparatus was designed to achieve a higher pressure-bearing capacity and larger sample cavity. The stress distributions of the DLSDs with different numbers of divided blocks were investigated by the finite element method and compared with the stress distributions of the conventional belt-type die(BTD). The results show that the cylinders and first-layer supporting rings of the DLSDs have dramatically smaller stresses than those of the BTD. In addition, increasing the number of divided blocks from 4 to 10 gradually increases the stress of the cylinder but has minimal influence on the stress of the supporting rings. The pressure-bearing capacities of the DLSDs with different numbers of divided blocks, especially with fewer blocks, are all remarkably higher than the pressure-bearing capacity of the BTD. The contrast experiments were also carried out to verify the simulated results. It is concluded that the pressure-bearing capacities of the DLSDs with 4 and 8 divided blocks are 1.58 and 1.45 times greater than that of the BTD. This work is rewarding for the commercial synthesis of high-quality, large-sized superhard materials using a double-layered split high-pressure die.展开更多
A test set-up called hyperbaric unmanned tester has been developed to assess the safety andreliability of deep sea respirator before manned testing. The tester possesses three basic capabili-ties: First, it is to simu...A test set-up called hyperbaric unmanned tester has been developed to assess the safety andreliability of deep sea respirator before manned testing. The tester possesses three basic capabili-ties: First, it is to simulate the operational conditions of underwater breathing apparatus. Thatis, it can reproduce ambient pressure as great as that of 300 meters deep sea water and ambienttemperature ranging between 4℃ and 40℃. It is also capable of reproducing the diver’s展开更多
The functions and system structure of DSA 1 Type direct shear apparatus were described, which is noted for its various functions, advanced techniques of multi desciplines. The apparatus adopted advanced measuring syst...The functions and system structure of DSA 1 Type direct shear apparatus were described, which is noted for its various functions, advanced techniques of multi desciplines. The apparatus adopted advanced measuring system and has high accuracy of testing data. It provide a new technical measure for the study of dynamic characteristics of bulk solid.展开更多
The HY369-B Model Laser Acupuncture Apparatus was invented byHuang Mingrong,director and engineer of the Pingyang Laser Device Factory,Zhejiang Province. The apparatus is an integration of traditional acupuncturewith ...The HY369-B Model Laser Acupuncture Apparatus was invented byHuang Mingrong,director and engineer of the Pingyang Laser Device Factory,Zhejiang Province. The apparatus is an integration of traditional acupuncturewith laser and optic fiber technique.He-Ne laser is transmitted to acupoint lo-calities on the surface of the body,or into the depth of acupoints via optic展开更多
We have treated 30 cases of cervical spondylosis, 30 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis and 30 cases of lumbar muscle strain with a Model FZ - 1 Simulated Massage Apparatus, and gained satisfactory therapeutic effe...We have treated 30 cases of cervical spondylosis, 30 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis and 30 cases of lumbar muscle strain with a Model FZ - 1 Simulated Massage Apparatus, and gained satisfactory therapeutic effect for all cases treated. Moreover, this apparatus is applied conveniently,and has no adverse reaction.展开更多
In this paper an apparatus for measuring heat transfer properties of clothing materials is re-ported.In comparison with the similar device based on constant temperature method and em-ploying a hot plate,the characteri...In this paper an apparatus for measuring heat transfer properties of clothing materials is re-ported.In comparison with the similar device based on constant temperature method and em-ploying a hot plate,the characteristics of this apparatus are as follows.(1)By using microcomputer as its testing control and data processing center,the testingfunction is strengthened,while much more information can be achieved.(2)By using numerical PID control technique supported with software,the informationabout the transient heat transfer properties of clothing materials can be obtained,while the costlowered.In this paper a brief evaluation of the apparatus is also reported.It shows that its accuracyand repeatability reaches the level of similar commercial device,so to some extent the apparatusis practical.展开更多
Many DNA?based devices need to build stable and controllable DNA films on surfaces. However, the most com?monly used method of film characterization, namely, the probe?like microscopes which may destroy the sample and...Many DNA?based devices need to build stable and controllable DNA films on surfaces. However, the most com?monly used method of film characterization, namely, the probe?like microscopes which may destroy the sample and substrate. Surface Forces Apparatus(SFA) technique, specializing in surface interaction studies, is introduced to investigate the e ects of DNA concentration on the formation of single?stranded DNA(ss?DNA) film. The result demonstrates that 50 ng/μL is the lowest concentration that ss?DNA construct a dense layer on mica. Besides, it is also indicated that at di erent DNA concentrations, ss?DNA exhibit diverse morphology: lying flat on surface at 50 ng/μL while forming bilayer or cross?link at 100 ng/μL, and these ss?DNA structures are stable enough due to the repeatabil?ity even under the load of 15 mN/m. At the same time, an obvious adhesion force is measured:/m at 100 ng/μL, respectively, which is attributed to the ion?correlation e ect. M-6.5 mN/m at 50 ng/μL and-5.3 mNoreover, the atomic force microscopy(AFM) images reveal the entire surface is covered with wormlike ss?DNA and the measured surface roughness(1.8±0.2 nm) also matches well with the film thickness by SFA. The desorption behaviors of ss?DNA layer from mica surface occur by adding sodium salt into gap bu er, which is mainly ascribed to the decreased ion?ion cor?relation force. This paper employing SFA and AFM techniques to characterize the DNA film with flexibility and stable mechanical ability achieved by ion bridging method, is helpful to fabricate the DNA?based devices in nanoscale.展开更多
We performed the pressure calibration to 12 GPa for 14/6 type(octahedron edge length/WC truncated edge length,in mm) cell assembly in DS 6 × 1400 multi-anvil apparatus by using the phase transitions in Bi(Ⅰ-Ⅱ2....We performed the pressure calibration to 12 GPa for 14/6 type(octahedron edge length/WC truncated edge length,in mm) cell assembly in DS 6 × 1400 multi-anvil apparatus by using the phase transitions in Bi(Ⅰ-Ⅱ2.55 GPa,Ⅲ-Ⅴ 7.67 GPa) and ZnTe(LPP-HPP Ⅰ 9.6 GPa,HPP Ⅰ-Ⅱ 12.0 GPa).As verification and application,sound velocity measurements on poly crystalline Al_(2)O_(3) to 12 GPa at room temperature were conducted and the ultrasonic result is in good agreement with previous reports.It demonstrates the feasibility of performing sound velocity measurements close to the mantle transition zone pressure condition in our laboratory.展开更多
A low-energy positron beam apparatus has been designed and constructed.The beam can deliver a current of 4× 10^(4)e+/s to a target when a 7.3mCi ^(22)Na source is used.The energy range,available at present is bet...A low-energy positron beam apparatus has been designed and constructed.The beam can deliver a current of 4× 10^(4)e+/s to a target when a 7.3mCi ^(22)Na source is used.The energy range,available at present is between 25eV and 16keV.We have applied it to study initially on the dynamic process of WSix film formation and on the distribution defects produced by N^(+) ion in nickel.展开更多
This paper presents a novel anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus for solving a universal problem which occurs when releasing the diaphragm (e.g.SiNx),that the diaphragm tends to be probably cracked by the impact ...This paper presents a novel anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus for solving a universal problem which occurs when releasing the diaphragm (e.g.SiNx),that the diaphragm tends to be probably cracked by the impact of heatinginduced bubbles,the swirling of heating-induced etchant,dithering of the hand and imbalanced etchant pressure during the wafer being taken out.Through finite element methods,the causes of the diaphragm cracking are analysed.The impact of heating-induced bubbles could be the main factor which results in the failure stress of the SiNx diaphragm and the rupture of it.In order to reduce the four potential effects on the cracking of the released diaphragm,an anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus is proposed for using during the last etching process of the diaphragm release.That is,the silicon wafer is first put into the regular constant temperature etching apparatus or ultrasonic plus,and when the residual bulk silicon to be etched reaches near the interface of the silicon and SiNx diaphragm,within a distance of 50-80 μm (the exact value is determined by the thickness,surface area and intensity of the released diaphragm),the wafer is taken out carefully and put into the said anti-shock silicon etching apparatus.The wafer's position is at the geometrical centre,also the centre of gravity of the etching vessel.An etchant outlet is built at the bottom.The wafer is etched continuously,and at the same time the etchant flows out of the vessel.Optionally,two symmetrically placed low-power heating resistors are put in the anti-shock silicon etching apparatus to quicken the etching process.The heating resistors' power should be low enough to avoid the swirling of the heating-induced etchant and the impact of the heating-induced bubbles on the released diaphragm.According to the experimental results,the released SiNx diaphragm thus treated is unbroken,which proves the practicality of the said anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus.展开更多
Seabed photographing has been applied with various underwater camera apparatuses(UCAs)for observations of megabenthic epifauna,which reveals more details than traditional sampling tools do.In this study,we improved a ...Seabed photographing has been applied with various underwater camera apparatuses(UCAs)for observations of megabenthic epifauna,which reveals more details than traditional sampling tools do.In this study,we improved a UCA named a towed underwater video-camera system(TUV system)with image processing software for seabed photographing in coastal areas up to 100 m.In May 2017,the TUV system was tested at 4 stations in the Zhangzi Island marine area in the northern Yellow Sea to investigate local megabenthic epifauna,especially brittle stars.At each station,more than 500 good seabed photographs each in area of 0.1550 m2 were obtained in just 10 min.Almost all of the epifauna larger than 1 mm could be identified from the photographs,including echinoderms,bivalves,cnidarians,and crustaceans.Three dominant brittle stars(Ophiopholis mirabilis,Ophiura sarsii vadicola,and Stegophiura sladeni)were spotted,and their abundance,disc diameter,cluster size,and coverage area were calculated and analyzed from the seabed photographs.The results show that the TUV system could be applied in coastal waters of hard sandy bottoms and could be used for quantitative investigations of megabenthic epifauna.展开更多
This investigation aims to explore the effects of stress conditions and rock cutting rates on hard rock fragmentation through indentation tests on a newly designed triaxial testing apparatus.This apparatus was designe...This investigation aims to explore the effects of stress conditions and rock cutting rates on hard rock fragmentation through indentation tests on a newly designed triaxial testing apparatus.This apparatus was designed to realize a triaxial loading and indentation test of cylindrical specimens using inserted tooth cutter.The boreability and crushing efficiency of granite rock was investigated by analyzing the change rules of the thrusting force,penetration depth,characteristics of chippings and failure patterns.Several quantitative indexes were used to evaluate rock boreability in this investigation.The granite rock samples all had a chiselled pit and a crushed rock core.Under initial stress conditions,only flat-shape chippings were stripped from the rock surface when the thrusting force reached 20 kN.The rock cutting special energy had a close correlation with the initial stress conditions and inserted tooth shape.Moreover,a thrusting force prediction model was proposed in this paper.The contribution of this study is that for the first time the influence mechanism of the initial triaxial stress conditions on rock fragmentation is investigated using an inserted tooth and the newly designed testing apparatus.This study has a crucial importance for practical underground hard rock crushing in geoengineering.展开更多
文摘Conodont animal is an extinct group of marine animals.The conodont elements and their hard skeletal remains are originally from the head region of this kind of animal,and they are considered to be functioned as“teeth”.The“multielement apparatus”can also be called the“(conodont)apparatus”,“multimembrate(skeletal)apparatus”.
基金the financial support from the 111 Project(Grant No.B17009)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYCYSZX1902).
文摘The squeezing scenario in deep weak rock tunnels can hinder underground construction.However,due to the limitations of test technologies at hand,the real excavation stress path cannot be mimicked in the laboratory.Thus,the large deformation mechanism of deep weak rocks still remains unclear.For this,a true triaxial apparatus(TTA)to investigate the mechanical responses of deep weak rock under excavation stress paths in field and reveal the squeezing mechanism of deep tunnels is assembled and developed at Northeastern University,China.The apparatus can perform instantaneous unloading in s3 direction based on electromagnetism technology.In addition,uniform loading and deformation measurements can be carried out based on the proposed linked interlocking clamp and antifriction device,even if the sample has a strong dilatation deformation performance.Next,a bore trepanning is designed to capture noiseless acoustic emission(AE)signals for deep weak rock at a low threshold.Finally,two tests were are conducted using this instrument to preliminarily understand the failure and deformation features of deep weak rock based on fractured marble.The results show that the complete stressestrain curves of fractured marble have the characteristics of low strengths and large deformations,and the larger deformation and the more serious failure occur when the fractured marble enters the post-peak state after excavation.The results show that the developed apparatus is likely to be applicable for deep weak rock engineering.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0105500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61671248)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2018719)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SJCX19_0309)the Advantage Discipline Information and Communication Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China.
文摘Data loss or distortion causes adverse effects on the accuracy and stability of the thunderstorm point charge localization.To solve this problem,we propose a data complementary method based on the atmospheric electric field apparatus array group.The electric field component measurement model of the atmospheric electric field apparatus is established,and the orientation parameters of the thunderstorm point charge are defined.Based on the mirror method,the thunderstorm point charge coordinates are obtained by using the potential distribution formulas.To test the validity of the basic algorithm,the electric field component measurement error and the localization accuracy are studied.Besides the azimuth angle and the elevation angle,the localization parameters also include the distance from the apparatus to the thunderstorm cloud.Based on a primary electric field apparatus,we establish the array group of apparatuses.Based on this,the data measured by each apparatus is complementarily processed to regain the thunderstorm point charge position.The results show that,compared with the radar map data,this method can accurately reflect the location of the thunderstorm point charge,and has a better localization effect.Additionally,several observation results during thunderstorm weather have been presented.
文摘This paper describes the setup and working mechanism of a simulation test apparatus for marine corrosion. Experimental results showed the apparatus can basically reflect the corrosion behavior of steel in various marine environments, and is simple, convenient, and reliable for testing steel used for marine engineering.
基金supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship to T.Ishiifunding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (787527)
文摘Expansion of the pressure range of Kawai-type multi-anvil presses (KMAPs) with tungsten carbide (WC) anvils is called for, especially in the field of Earth science. However, no significant progress in pressure generation has been made for 40 years. Our recent studies have expanded the pressure generation of a KMAP with WC anvils to 65 GPa, which is the world record for high-pressure generation in this device and is more than 2.5 times higher than conventional pressure generation. We have also successfully generated pressures of about 50 GPa at high temperatures. This work reviews our recently developed technology for high-pressure generation. High-pressure generation at room temperature and at high temperature was attained by integration of the following techniques:① a precisely aligned guideblock system,② a high degree of hardness of the second-stage anvils,③ tapering of the second-stage anvil faces,④ a high-pressure cell consisting of materials with a high bulk modulus, and ⑤ high thermal insulation of the furnace. Our high-pressure technology will facilitate investigation of the phase stability and physical properties of materials under the conditions of the upper part of the lower mantle, and will permit the synthesis and characterization of novel materials.
文摘A compact, low cost, multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic system for HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been in operation since 1999. Its capability of measuring electron temperatures is in the range of 200 eV to 2 keV at a density of a few times IO12 cm-3, with a spatial resolution of 2.4 cm for 5 spatial points and a temporal resolution of 1 ms-1 s for 8 time points. The main components of the diagnostic system include a 20-25 J Nd: glass laser with 35 ns pulse width (8 pulses per burst), a KDP frequency-doubling unit, spherical mirrors of multipass input optical system, a wide-angle collection objective, a bandpass glass filter for reducing the stray light to zero a f/2.5 polychromator, a fiberglass collimator, a photomultiplier’s box with electronic preamplifier, high gain and high signal/noise ratio, CAMAC data acquisition and so on. The multipass optical system has been successful at increasing the quantity of scattered photons by passing the probing laser beam 10 times through the plasma under investigation. The HT7 Thomson scattering diagnostic has provided successfully the information on two-dimensional electron temperature in the plasma of HT-7 tokamak with LHCD and IBW.
基金Supported by Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
文摘Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrimal drainage apparatus and nasal cavity that had been successfully treated by endoscopic surgery.Lacrimal drainage apparatus tumors are rare but
文摘Ponyfishes of the family Leiognathidae frequently show overlapping distribution pattems in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea. The mouth morphology of three species of ponyfishes which feed at different lerels in the water column were compared. The species could be distinguished primarily by the mouth meropology. Gazza minuta (Bloch)feeds mainly on bethos, has the least protruding jaws; Secutor ruconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) feeds mainly on plankton, has the most protruding jaws, Leiognathus rivuatus (Temmink et Schlegel) has an intermediate deggree of jaw protrusion. This study showed that closely related species with overlapping distributions frequently exhibit morphologlcal, phpsiological or ecological differences related to the search for food, the intake of food or locomotion mode.
基金Changchun Ruiguang Science & Technology Co., Ltd. for technical assistance and financial support
文摘Based on the principles of massive support and lateral support, a novel double-layered split die(DLSD) for high-pressure apparatus was designed to achieve a higher pressure-bearing capacity and larger sample cavity. The stress distributions of the DLSDs with different numbers of divided blocks were investigated by the finite element method and compared with the stress distributions of the conventional belt-type die(BTD). The results show that the cylinders and first-layer supporting rings of the DLSDs have dramatically smaller stresses than those of the BTD. In addition, increasing the number of divided blocks from 4 to 10 gradually increases the stress of the cylinder but has minimal influence on the stress of the supporting rings. The pressure-bearing capacities of the DLSDs with different numbers of divided blocks, especially with fewer blocks, are all remarkably higher than the pressure-bearing capacity of the BTD. The contrast experiments were also carried out to verify the simulated results. It is concluded that the pressure-bearing capacities of the DLSDs with 4 and 8 divided blocks are 1.58 and 1.45 times greater than that of the BTD. This work is rewarding for the commercial synthesis of high-quality, large-sized superhard materials using a double-layered split high-pressure die.
文摘A test set-up called hyperbaric unmanned tester has been developed to assess the safety andreliability of deep sea respirator before manned testing. The tester possesses three basic capabili-ties: First, it is to simulate the operational conditions of underwater breathing apparatus. Thatis, it can reproduce ambient pressure as great as that of 300 meters deep sea water and ambienttemperature ranging between 4℃ and 40℃. It is also capable of reproducing the diver’s
文摘The functions and system structure of DSA 1 Type direct shear apparatus were described, which is noted for its various functions, advanced techniques of multi desciplines. The apparatus adopted advanced measuring system and has high accuracy of testing data. It provide a new technical measure for the study of dynamic characteristics of bulk solid.
文摘The HY369-B Model Laser Acupuncture Apparatus was invented byHuang Mingrong,director and engineer of the Pingyang Laser Device Factory,Zhejiang Province. The apparatus is an integration of traditional acupuncturewith laser and optic fiber technique.He-Ne laser is transmitted to acupoint lo-calities on the surface of the body,or into the depth of acupoints via optic
文摘We have treated 30 cases of cervical spondylosis, 30 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis and 30 cases of lumbar muscle strain with a Model FZ - 1 Simulated Massage Apparatus, and gained satisfactory therapeutic effect for all cases treated. Moreover, this apparatus is applied conveniently,and has no adverse reaction.
文摘In this paper an apparatus for measuring heat transfer properties of clothing materials is re-ported.In comparison with the similar device based on constant temperature method and em-ploying a hot plate,the characteristics of this apparatus are as follows.(1)By using microcomputer as its testing control and data processing center,the testingfunction is strengthened,while much more information can be achieved.(2)By using numerical PID control technique supported with software,the informationabout the transient heat transfer properties of clothing materials can be obtained,while the costlowered.In this paper a brief evaluation of the apparatus is also reported.It shows that its accuracyand repeatability reaches the level of similar commercial device,so to some extent the apparatusis practical.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51435003)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20160670)
文摘Many DNA?based devices need to build stable and controllable DNA films on surfaces. However, the most com?monly used method of film characterization, namely, the probe?like microscopes which may destroy the sample and substrate. Surface Forces Apparatus(SFA) technique, specializing in surface interaction studies, is introduced to investigate the e ects of DNA concentration on the formation of single?stranded DNA(ss?DNA) film. The result demonstrates that 50 ng/μL is the lowest concentration that ss?DNA construct a dense layer on mica. Besides, it is also indicated that at di erent DNA concentrations, ss?DNA exhibit diverse morphology: lying flat on surface at 50 ng/μL while forming bilayer or cross?link at 100 ng/μL, and these ss?DNA structures are stable enough due to the repeatabil?ity even under the load of 15 mN/m. At the same time, an obvious adhesion force is measured:/m at 100 ng/μL, respectively, which is attributed to the ion?correlation e ect. M-6.5 mN/m at 50 ng/μL and-5.3 mNoreover, the atomic force microscopy(AFM) images reveal the entire surface is covered with wormlike ss?DNA and the measured surface roughness(1.8±0.2 nm) also matches well with the film thickness by SFA. The desorption behaviors of ss?DNA layer from mica surface occur by adding sodium salt into gap bu er, which is mainly ascribed to the decreased ion?ion cor?relation force. This paper employing SFA and AFM techniques to characterize the DNA film with flexibility and stable mechanical ability achieved by ion bridging method, is helpful to fabricate the DNA?based devices in nanoscale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41873075the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘We performed the pressure calibration to 12 GPa for 14/6 type(octahedron edge length/WC truncated edge length,in mm) cell assembly in DS 6 × 1400 multi-anvil apparatus by using the phase transitions in Bi(Ⅰ-Ⅱ2.55 GPa,Ⅲ-Ⅴ 7.67 GPa) and ZnTe(LPP-HPP Ⅰ 9.6 GPa,HPP Ⅰ-Ⅱ 12.0 GPa).As verification and application,sound velocity measurements on poly crystalline Al_(2)O_(3) to 12 GPa at room temperature were conducted and the ultrasonic result is in good agreement with previous reports.It demonstrates the feasibility of performing sound velocity measurements close to the mantle transition zone pressure condition in our laboratory.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaIon Beam Laboratory of Shanghai Institute of Matallurgy。
文摘A low-energy positron beam apparatus has been designed and constructed.The beam can deliver a current of 4× 10^(4)e+/s to a target when a 7.3mCi ^(22)Na source is used.The energy range,available at present is between 25eV and 16keV.We have applied it to study initially on the dynamic process of WSix film formation and on the distribution defects produced by N^(+) ion in nickel.
文摘This paper presents a novel anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus for solving a universal problem which occurs when releasing the diaphragm (e.g.SiNx),that the diaphragm tends to be probably cracked by the impact of heatinginduced bubbles,the swirling of heating-induced etchant,dithering of the hand and imbalanced etchant pressure during the wafer being taken out.Through finite element methods,the causes of the diaphragm cracking are analysed.The impact of heating-induced bubbles could be the main factor which results in the failure stress of the SiNx diaphragm and the rupture of it.In order to reduce the four potential effects on the cracking of the released diaphragm,an anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus is proposed for using during the last etching process of the diaphragm release.That is,the silicon wafer is first put into the regular constant temperature etching apparatus or ultrasonic plus,and when the residual bulk silicon to be etched reaches near the interface of the silicon and SiNx diaphragm,within a distance of 50-80 μm (the exact value is determined by the thickness,surface area and intensity of the released diaphragm),the wafer is taken out carefully and put into the said anti-shock silicon etching apparatus.The wafer's position is at the geometrical centre,also the centre of gravity of the etching vessel.An etchant outlet is built at the bottom.The wafer is etched continuously,and at the same time the etchant flows out of the vessel.Optionally,two symmetrically placed low-power heating resistors are put in the anti-shock silicon etching apparatus to quicken the etching process.The heating resistors' power should be low enough to avoid the swirling of the heating-induced etchant and the impact of the heating-induced bubbles on the released diaphragm.According to the experimental results,the released SiNx diaphragm thus treated is unbroken,which proves the practicality of the said anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus.
基金Supported by the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects:Sino-Australian Center for Healthy Coasts(No.2016YFE0101500)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDA23050501,XDA19060201)the Taishan Scholars Project to SUN Song。
文摘Seabed photographing has been applied with various underwater camera apparatuses(UCAs)for observations of megabenthic epifauna,which reveals more details than traditional sampling tools do.In this study,we improved a UCA named a towed underwater video-camera system(TUV system)with image processing software for seabed photographing in coastal areas up to 100 m.In May 2017,the TUV system was tested at 4 stations in the Zhangzi Island marine area in the northern Yellow Sea to investigate local megabenthic epifauna,especially brittle stars.At each station,more than 500 good seabed photographs each in area of 0.1550 m2 were obtained in just 10 min.Almost all of the epifauna larger than 1 mm could be identified from the photographs,including echinoderms,bivalves,cnidarians,and crustaceans.Three dominant brittle stars(Ophiopholis mirabilis,Ophiura sarsii vadicola,and Stegophiura sladeni)were spotted,and their abundance,disc diameter,cluster size,and coverage area were calculated and analyzed from the seabed photographs.The results show that the TUV system could be applied in coastal waters of hard sandy bottoms and could be used for quantitative investigations of megabenthic epifauna.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province(No.KJ2021A0463)Scientific Research Startup Fund for introduced talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology,and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2108085QE208).
文摘This investigation aims to explore the effects of stress conditions and rock cutting rates on hard rock fragmentation through indentation tests on a newly designed triaxial testing apparatus.This apparatus was designed to realize a triaxial loading and indentation test of cylindrical specimens using inserted tooth cutter.The boreability and crushing efficiency of granite rock was investigated by analyzing the change rules of the thrusting force,penetration depth,characteristics of chippings and failure patterns.Several quantitative indexes were used to evaluate rock boreability in this investigation.The granite rock samples all had a chiselled pit and a crushed rock core.Under initial stress conditions,only flat-shape chippings were stripped from the rock surface when the thrusting force reached 20 kN.The rock cutting special energy had a close correlation with the initial stress conditions and inserted tooth shape.Moreover,a thrusting force prediction model was proposed in this paper.The contribution of this study is that for the first time the influence mechanism of the initial triaxial stress conditions on rock fragmentation is investigated using an inserted tooth and the newly designed testing apparatus.This study has a crucial importance for practical underground hard rock crushing in geoengineering.
