Daqing FCC slurry was treated using mixed solvent containing N,N-dimethylformamide(extraction solvent)and n-paraffin(stripping-agent).The influence of solvent formulation(ratio of DMF/stripping-agent),temperature,time...Daqing FCC slurry was treated using mixed solvent containing N,N-dimethylformamide(extraction solvent)and n-paraffin(stripping-agent).The influence of solvent formulation(ratio of DMF/stripping-agent),temperature,time and solvent-oil ratio on yield and aromatics content of the extract oil were analyzed by a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design.The polynomial regression models between the extract oil yield and aromatics content with the four factors were established.Response surface analysis showed that solvent formulation,temperature and solvent-oil ratio have significant effects on extraction result and there is an interaction between temperature and solvent-oil ratio on aromatics content,when the FCC slurry is extracted by mixed solvent.However,the extraction time has no significant effect.The optimal conditions for FCC slurry extraction covered:a solvent mixed ratio of 2.3,a temperature of 62.8℃,a solvent-oil ratio of 3.2,and a time of 35 min.The result of verification experiment was in good agreement with the prediction of the model.展开更多
In this paper,the influence of aromatic content,one of main fuel properties,on diesel particulate emissions was studied at five steady-state operating conditions using a heavy-duty Perkins 4.236 engine.Detailed analys...In this paper,the influence of aromatic content,one of main fuel properties,on diesel particulate emissions was studied at five steady-state operating conditions using a heavy-duty Perkins 4.236 engine.Detailed analysis of the particulate showed the presence of biologically active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in high concentration.Unburnt PAH in liquid fuel are identified to be the dominant source of particulate PAH.Diesel particulates are also considered a potential health hazard because of the presence of PAH in the SOF of the particulates and some of these PAH are known to be carcinogenic.展开更多
Lubricating mineral base oils are normally extracted from lube-oil cuts with furfural solvent.Aromatic content in the raffinate phase from extraction process is an essential parameter that affects the quality of the l...Lubricating mineral base oils are normally extracted from lube-oil cuts with furfural solvent.Aromatic content in the raffinate phase from extraction process is an essential parameter that affects the quality of the lubricating base-oils.For determination of aromatic content by the usual ASTM D3238 method,density,refractive index and molecular weight of the raffinate are required.In this work,a new generalized correlation is developed for de-termination the aromatic content by using only the measured viscosity of lubricating oil.With a mole fraction of aromatic compounds,the kinematic viscosity may be obtained at any temperature between 60-100°C along with their molecular weight and refractive index.展开更多
Research, development and use of biofuels have emerged into focus caused by environmental protection reasons. As biodiesels （fatty acid methyl esters） have many disadvantages, the conversion of vegetable oils to bet...Research, development and use of biofuels have emerged into focus caused by environmental protection reasons. As biodiesels （fatty acid methyl esters） have many disadvantages, the conversion of vegetable oils to better quality fuels is required. One of the possible solutions is the catalytic hydrogenation of vegetable oils mixed with straight run gas oil. During quality improvement of mixtures of rapeseed oil （0, 5, 8, 12, 50 and 100%） and straight run gas oil （sulphur content： 0.95%） on NiMo, P/A12O3 catalyst at different process parameters, it was found that both the deep sulphur and nitrogen removal of gas oil and oxygen removal reactions of triglycerides （hydrogenation, decaboxylation and decarbonylation ways） and in a moderate degree the hydrogenation of aromatics took place. At favourable process parameters （350-360℃; 60 bar; LHSV： 1.5 h^-1; H2/hydrocarbon ratio： 600 Nm^3/m^3） diesel fuel fractions with sulphur and nitrogen content 〈 10 mg/kg and with significantly higher cetane numbers （〉 60-80） than the requirement of the valid standard （minimum 51; EN 590：2009＋A1：2010） were produced. During its application the concentration of sulphur and nitrogen oxides and the particulate matter is clearly lower in the exhaust gas contributing to lower emission and the conversation of the catalytic activity of the after-treatment systems.展开更多
文摘Daqing FCC slurry was treated using mixed solvent containing N,N-dimethylformamide(extraction solvent)and n-paraffin(stripping-agent).The influence of solvent formulation(ratio of DMF/stripping-agent),temperature,time and solvent-oil ratio on yield and aromatics content of the extract oil were analyzed by a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design.The polynomial regression models between the extract oil yield and aromatics content with the four factors were established.Response surface analysis showed that solvent formulation,temperature and solvent-oil ratio have significant effects on extraction result and there is an interaction between temperature and solvent-oil ratio on aromatics content,when the FCC slurry is extracted by mixed solvent.However,the extraction time has no significant effect.The optimal conditions for FCC slurry extraction covered:a solvent mixed ratio of 2.3,a temperature of 62.8℃,a solvent-oil ratio of 3.2,and a time of 35 min.The result of verification experiment was in good agreement with the prediction of the model.
文摘In this paper,the influence of aromatic content,one of main fuel properties,on diesel particulate emissions was studied at five steady-state operating conditions using a heavy-duty Perkins 4.236 engine.Detailed analysis of the particulate showed the presence of biologically active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in high concentration.Unburnt PAH in liquid fuel are identified to be the dominant source of particulate PAH.Diesel particulates are also considered a potential health hazard because of the presence of PAH in the SOF of the particulates and some of these PAH are known to be carcinogenic.
文摘Lubricating mineral base oils are normally extracted from lube-oil cuts with furfural solvent.Aromatic content in the raffinate phase from extraction process is an essential parameter that affects the quality of the lubricating base-oils.For determination of aromatic content by the usual ASTM D3238 method,density,refractive index and molecular weight of the raffinate are required.In this work,a new generalized correlation is developed for de-termination the aromatic content by using only the measured viscosity of lubricating oil.With a mole fraction of aromatic compounds,the kinematic viscosity may be obtained at any temperature between 60-100°C along with their molecular weight and refractive index.
文摘Research, development and use of biofuels have emerged into focus caused by environmental protection reasons. As biodiesels （fatty acid methyl esters） have many disadvantages, the conversion of vegetable oils to better quality fuels is required. One of the possible solutions is the catalytic hydrogenation of vegetable oils mixed with straight run gas oil. During quality improvement of mixtures of rapeseed oil （0, 5, 8, 12, 50 and 100%） and straight run gas oil （sulphur content： 0.95%） on NiMo, P/A12O3 catalyst at different process parameters, it was found that both the deep sulphur and nitrogen removal of gas oil and oxygen removal reactions of triglycerides （hydrogenation, decaboxylation and decarbonylation ways） and in a moderate degree the hydrogenation of aromatics took place. At favourable process parameters （350-360℃; 60 bar; LHSV： 1.5 h^-1; H2/hydrocarbon ratio： 600 Nm^3/m^3） diesel fuel fractions with sulphur and nitrogen content 〈 10 mg/kg and with significantly higher cetane numbers （〉 60-80） than the requirement of the valid standard （minimum 51; EN 590：2009＋A1：2010） were produced. During its application the concentration of sulphur and nitrogen oxides and the particulate matter is clearly lower in the exhaust gas contributing to lower emission and the conversation of the catalytic activity of the after-treatment systems.
