Kate Chopin's (1899- ) The Awakening gives an account of Edna Pontellie's awakening in soul and body and sing highly of her courage to pursue freedom and independence. But in a patriarchal society, women can o...Kate Chopin's (1899- ) The Awakening gives an account of Edna Pontellie's awakening in soul and body and sing highly of her courage to pursue freedom and independence. But in a patriarchal society, women can only exist subordinate to men and any woman's rebellion is to be defeated. Through a detailed analysis of the process of Edna's awakening, it argues that Edna is not awakened but disillusioned, and she still lives under the heavy patriarchal shackles.展开更多
Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spir...Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.展开更多
Virginia Woolf in her great novel To the Lighthouse shows her deep concern for women.In this book,she discusses women's spiritual world and the process of the awakening of feminist consciousness,which is represent...Virginia Woolf in her great novel To the Lighthouse shows her deep concern for women.In this book,she discusses women's spiritual world and the process of the awakening of feminist consciousness,which is represented by Mrs.Ramsay and Lily Briscoe.展开更多
The Awakening written by Kate Chopin is published for a long time,which stirs up streams of praise for its bold content.Most researchers make analysis on this novel from different perspectives including postmodernism,...The Awakening written by Kate Chopin is published for a long time,which stirs up streams of praise for its bold content.Most researchers make analysis on this novel from different perspectives including postmodernism,deconstruction,feminism,binary opposition,and so on.Based on the“Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”,this paper lays emphasis on the transition of protagonist Edna from suffering the traditional shackle to pursuing the self-independent.This paper aims to help readers realize an awakening process of Edna and appeals for more concern on the transformation of females’roles.展开更多
I was driving late one night, alone. This was not easy, as twofeet of snow lay on the road. The heck with what lane I was in:I was just trying to keep my car pointed forward. A guy behind me in a *four-wheel-drive veh...I was driving late one night, alone. This was not easy, as twofeet of snow lay on the road. The heck with what lane I was in:I was just trying to keep my car pointed forward. A guy behind me in a *four-wheel-drive vehicle began flash-ing his headlights. I figured there must be some danger ahead orthat something was wrong with my ca. So I slowed down.展开更多
Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are dif...Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are different from the passive women characters in Williams' s early plays. The growth of women is an important part in the development of society. Through the research on the three plays, the causes, the procedure and the significance of their final awakening can be found.展开更多
American Transcendentalism aroused New Englanders to individualism enlightenment. Kate Chopin' s The Awakening, un doubtedly voices female quest for identity. The novel was banned by the force of social convention...American Transcendentalism aroused New Englanders to individualism enlightenment. Kate Chopin' s The Awakening, un doubtedly voices female quest for identity. The novel was banned by the force of social conventions, for the sociological role it played in form of literature, negotiating female professional identity, social role identity and sexual identity. This treatise analyzes the awakening of women conscious regarding identity and contradiction it brings therefore with social conventions, and argues the inevitable fate of the sex to self-isolation and self-destruction is caused by the prudery conventions. It maintains to review the sociological function of the piece and reconstruct interdisciplinary perspective of literature and sociology, appeal harmony between two sexes.展开更多
A doll’s house tells us a story of a woman,who is treated as a doll-child by her father,then a doll-wife by her husband,eventually realizes her subordinate role at home,so she resolutely leaves the apparently perfect...A doll’s house tells us a story of a woman,who is treated as a doll-child by her father,then a doll-wife by her husband,eventually realizes her subordinate role at home,so she resolutely leaves the apparently perfect marriage and tries to seek out her own individuality.It questions the entire fabric of marital relationships,and indicts all the false values of the masculine society.展开更多
Kate Chopin is widely recognized as a forerunner in the American feminist literature.Based on textual analysis of The Story of An Hour and The Awakening,the conclusions are that although Kate Chopin shows her female c...Kate Chopin is widely recognized as a forerunner in the American feminist literature.Based on textual analysis of The Story of An Hour and The Awakening,the conclusions are that although Kate Chopin shows her female consciousness in both of the works,what she really emphasizes in The Story of An Hour is a woman’s longing for freedom of marriage,not the feminist awakening driven by the oppression from a patriarchal society,and Chopin’s feminist view is thoroughly shown in her later work The Awakening.展开更多
BRIC is dominant in Angola’s economic awakening,with China a special and prominent partner Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Angola has moved from the fringe to the center of African economic affairs.Today,Ango...BRIC is dominant in Angola’s economic awakening,with China a special and prominent partner Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Angola has moved from the fringe to the center of African economic affairs.Today,Angola accounts for 6 percent of Africa’s GDP,10 percent of its trade and 5 percent of continental-wide investment flows. Importantly,Angola’s economic awakening has occurred in tandem with the resurgence of BRIC(Brazil,Russia,India and China) commercial interest in Africa.As such,Angola is,展开更多
Objective To explore quantitative electroencephalography in unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict awakening. Methods All cases were divided into two groups(the awake group 19 cases ...Objective To explore quantitative electroencephalography in unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict awakening. Methods All cases were divided into two groups(the awake group 19 cases and the unfavourable prognosis group 22 cases).Two weeks after admission the original EEGs were preformed in 41 patients suffering from severe TBI with duration of disturbance of展开更多
Utilization of the intestinal lymphatic pathway will allow extraordinary gains in lymph and tumors cascade-targeted delivery of oral drugs and awakening the innate/adaptive immunity of the body and the lesion microenv...Utilization of the intestinal lymphatic pathway will allow extraordinary gains in lymph and tumors cascade-targeted delivery of oral drugs and awakening the innate/adaptive immunity of the body and the lesion microenvironment,in addition to improving oral bioavailability relative to other means of delivery of oral drugs.Here,inspired by the specific invasion route of intestinal microorganisms,we pioneered an immune-awakening Saccharomyces-inspired mesoporous silicon nanoparticle(yMSN)for the ingenious cascade-targeted delivery of therapeutic cancer vaccines and antitumor drugs to lymph and tumors via the intestinal lymphatic pathway.Encouragingly,yMSN high-loaded tumor-specific antigens(OVA,11.9%)and anti-tumor drugs(Len,28.6%)with high stability,namely Len/OVA/yMSN,efficiently co-delivered OVA and Len to their desired target sites.Moreover,yMSN concomitantly awakened the innate antitumor immunity of dendritic cells and macrophages,strengthening vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses and reversing macrophage-associated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.Surprisingly,Len/OVA/yMSN treatment resulted in excellent synergistic antitumor efficacy and long-term antitumor memory in OVA-Hepa1-6-bearing mice.This high-performance nanocarrier provides a novel approach for lesion-targeting delivery of oral drugs accompanied with awakening of the innate/adaptive immunity of the lesion environment,and also represents a novel path for the oral delivery of diverse therapeutic agents targeting other lymph-mediated diseases.展开更多
Prime Minister Yasuo Fukada’s recent trip to China is helping Japan’s relations with China to blossom Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda paid his first state visit to China on December 27-30,2007, with a packed sc...Prime Minister Yasuo Fukada’s recent trip to China is helping Japan’s relations with China to blossom Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda paid his first state visit to China on December 27-30,2007, with a packed schedule of meetings that he had hoped would cement his country’s official bonds with China and help him establish personal trust with the Chinese.展开更多
The Islamic awakening demonstrates the following essential contradictions.First,it calls for the authentic return to Arab-Islamic heritage,while deeming as heretical several traditional doctrines;second,it strives for...The Islamic awakening demonstrates the following essential contradictions.First,it calls for the authentic return to Arab-Islamic heritage,while deeming as heretical several traditional doctrines;second,it strives for Arab unity without recognising the needed concessions that should be given to unify non-Muslim Arabs;third,it is proud of the creativity of Islamic heritage in natural and philosophical fields while rejecting the indebtedness to Greek or Zoroastrian influences;fourth,it embraces the Abrahamic path in response to atheistic trends and calling for unity with Jewish and Christian monotheisms,without accepting the possibility of tracing the influence of these traditions on the Qur’an and without admitting the non-Abrahamic traditions such as Hinduism into the spiritual camp;and fifth,it admits the primacy of scientific knowledge,while disparaging its methodological presumptions seen in materialism.The articulation of critical views to resolve these contradictions in the Arab world present creative reformation attempts to harmonise intellectual spheres of identity。展开更多
Chinese companies’ ambition to create more patents and their desire to protect their intellectual property is growing People like Ding Xiangen, President of Huali Networks Engineering, a private software company in J...Chinese companies’ ambition to create more patents and their desire to protect their intellectual property is growing People like Ding Xiangen, President of Huali Networks Engineering, a private software company in Jiangsu Province, are among the展开更多
BACKGROUND Intraoperative hyperlactatemia often affects circulatory stability,vital organ function,and postoperative recovery,poses a serious prognostic risk,and requires considerable attention from anesthesiologists....BACKGROUND Intraoperative hyperlactatemia often affects circulatory stability,vital organ function,and postoperative recovery,poses a serious prognostic risk,and requires considerable attention from anesthesiologists.Here,we describe a case of hyperlactatemia during the postoperative resection of liver metastases after chemotherapy for sigmoid colon cancer.This did not affect the patient's circulatory stability or quality of awakening,which is rarely reported in clinical practice.We present our management experience with the aim of providing a reference for future studies and clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with postoperative liver metastasis following chemotherapy for sigmoid colon cancer.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were required.Metabolic disorders,primarily hyperlactatemia,often occur intraoperatively.After treatment,other indices quickly returned to normal,lactate levels decreased slowly,and hyperlactatemia persisted during the awakening period.However,this did not affect the patient's circulatory stability or awakening quality.This condition has rarely been clinically reported.Therefore,we report our management experience in order to guide clinical practice in this regard.Hyperlactatemia did not affect circulatory stability or the quality of awakening.We considered that active intraoperative rehydration avoided serious harm to the organism caused by hyperlactatemia due to insufficient tissue perfusion,while hyperlactatemia caused by decreased lactate clearance due to impaired liver function associated with surgical resection had a mild effect on the function of important organs.CONCLUSION Active intraoperative rehydration avoided serious harm to the organism caused by hyperlactatemia.Strengthening body temperature protection could improve lactate circulation.展开更多
Happiness is a treasure that everyone is longing for. But what is happiness? How can we find the genuine happiness?This essay makes a discussion of this topic and gives us an opportunity to rethink happiness by analyz...Happiness is a treasure that everyone is longing for. But what is happiness? How can we find the genuine happiness?This essay makes a discussion of this topic and gives us an opportunity to rethink happiness by analyzing the short story Bliss written by Katherine Mansfield.The essay is composed of four parts. The first part is an introduction of the topic. Chapter 1 makes a detailed discussion of what happiness is and states out the author's opinion. Chapter 2 starts with the brief account of Katherine Mansfield and her works. Then it analyzes Bliss by three stages- bliss awakening, bliss releasing and bliss searching at once, and bliss shattering and bliss rebuilding. The conclusion restates the author's point of view of what happiness is.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of Dexmedetomidine combined with Sufentanil on hemodynamics, stress state, helper T cytokines and pain degree during the waking period of general anesthesia in elderly patients with lowe...Objective:To study the effects of Dexmedetomidine combined with Sufentanil on hemodynamics, stress state, helper T cytokines and pain degree during the waking period of general anesthesia in elderly patients with lower limb fracture surgery were studied.Methods:From June 2017 to July 2018, 95 elderly patients with lower limb fracture who visited First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University and received fracture surgery and general anesthesia were collected. According to their different anesthesia methods, 46 patients were divided into the sufentanil maintenance anesthesia group (Sufentanil group), and 49 patients were divided into the metopidine combined with sufentanil maintenance anesthesia group (Joint group). Changes in hemodynamics (HR, SpO2, MAP) of the two groups were monitored at different times throughout the operation. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay detection of two groups of patients in maintain anesthesia and anesthesia to stress index (Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR). The the changes of pain mediators (NO,β-EP, SP) and helper T cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) were compared between the two groups before and 24 hours after surgery. Results:In the combined group, HR, SpO2, MAP and sufentanil groups showed little change in SpO2 during anesthesia, with no significant difference. The HR and MAP of T2 and T3 in the sufentanil group were significantly higher than those in the combined group at T2 and T3. The stress indicators Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR in the anesthesia of the two groups were significantly higher than those in the anesthesia maintenance. The serum stress indexes of Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the combined group than in the sufentanil group. The IFN-γ level of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the sufentanil group, and the TNF-α level was significantly lower than that of the control group. Serum levels of NO,β-EP and SP were significantly higher in the two groups 24 h after surgery. Serum pain mediators NO,β-EP and SP in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the sufentanil group before and 24 h after surgery.Conclusion: Combined anesthesia with Remifentanil and Propofol can stabilize the hemodynamic state of patients undergoing craniotomy, reduce cardiovascular stress response and inflammatory response, reduce nerve damage, and play a role in brain protection.展开更多
Aim Posttraumatic nightmares are a core component of posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） and mechanistically linked to the development and maintenance of this disorder, but little is known about their mecha- nism. ...Aim Posttraumatic nightmares are a core component of posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） and mechanistically linked to the development and maintenance of this disorder, but little is known about their mecha- nism. Methods We utilized a communication box to establish an animal model of physiological stress （foot-shock I FSI） and psychological stress （PS） to mimic the direct suffering and witnessing of traumatic events. Results Twenty-one days after traumatic stress, some of the experimental animals presented startled awakening （ i. e. , were startled awake by a supposed ＂nightmare＂） with different electroencephalographic spectra features. Our neuroan- atomical results showed that the secondary somatosensory cortex and primary auditory cortex may play an important role in remote traumatic memory retrieval in FS ＂nightmare＂ （FSN） rats, whereas the temporal association cortex may play an important role in PS ＂nightmare＂ （PSN） rats. The FSN and PSN groups possessed common emotion evocation circuits, including activation of the amygdala and inactivation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and ven- tral anterior cingulate cortex. The decreased activity of the granular and dysgranular insular cortex was only oh-served in PSN rats. Conclusion The present results imply that different types of stress may cause PTSD-like ＂nightmares＂ in rodents and identified the possible neurocircuitry of memory retrieval and emotion evocation.展开更多
文摘Kate Chopin's (1899- ) The Awakening gives an account of Edna Pontellie's awakening in soul and body and sing highly of her courage to pursue freedom and independence. But in a patriarchal society, women can only exist subordinate to men and any woman's rebellion is to be defeated. Through a detailed analysis of the process of Edna's awakening, it argues that Edna is not awakened but disillusioned, and she still lives under the heavy patriarchal shackles.
文摘Scarlett who was the heroine in the world famous book Gone with the Wind,is regarded as one of the most impressive images in the world literature.Her charm lies in her perverse personality of independence and her spirit of freedom.This essay analyzes the characters of the heroine through highlighting women's social status in the South during the age of Scarlett's time.It could be safely concluded that Scarlett's characters and her courage to face the difficulties during the war reveal the awakening of women's self-consciousness and the realization of feminine value.
文摘Virginia Woolf in her great novel To the Lighthouse shows her deep concern for women.In this book,she discusses women's spiritual world and the process of the awakening of feminist consciousness,which is represented by Mrs.Ramsay and Lily Briscoe.
文摘The Awakening written by Kate Chopin is published for a long time,which stirs up streams of praise for its bold content.Most researchers make analysis on this novel from different perspectives including postmodernism,deconstruction,feminism,binary opposition,and so on.Based on the“Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”,this paper lays emphasis on the transition of protagonist Edna from suffering the traditional shackle to pursuing the self-independent.This paper aims to help readers realize an awakening process of Edna and appeals for more concern on the transformation of females’roles.
文摘I was driving late one night, alone. This was not easy, as twofeet of snow lay on the road. The heck with what lane I was in:I was just trying to keep my car pointed forward. A guy behind me in a *four-wheel-drive vehicle began flash-ing his headlights. I figured there must be some danger ahead orthat something was wrong with my ca. So I slowed down.
文摘Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are different from the passive women characters in Williams' s early plays. The growth of women is an important part in the development of society. Through the research on the three plays, the causes, the procedure and the significance of their final awakening can be found.
文摘American Transcendentalism aroused New Englanders to individualism enlightenment. Kate Chopin' s The Awakening, un doubtedly voices female quest for identity. The novel was banned by the force of social conventions, for the sociological role it played in form of literature, negotiating female professional identity, social role identity and sexual identity. This treatise analyzes the awakening of women conscious regarding identity and contradiction it brings therefore with social conventions, and argues the inevitable fate of the sex to self-isolation and self-destruction is caused by the prudery conventions. It maintains to review the sociological function of the piece and reconstruct interdisciplinary perspective of literature and sociology, appeal harmony between two sexes.
文摘A doll’s house tells us a story of a woman,who is treated as a doll-child by her father,then a doll-wife by her husband,eventually realizes her subordinate role at home,so she resolutely leaves the apparently perfect marriage and tries to seek out her own individuality.It questions the entire fabric of marital relationships,and indicts all the false values of the masculine society.
文摘Kate Chopin is widely recognized as a forerunner in the American feminist literature.Based on textual analysis of The Story of An Hour and The Awakening,the conclusions are that although Kate Chopin shows her female consciousness in both of the works,what she really emphasizes in The Story of An Hour is a woman’s longing for freedom of marriage,not the feminist awakening driven by the oppression from a patriarchal society,and Chopin’s feminist view is thoroughly shown in her later work The Awakening.
文摘BRIC is dominant in Angola’s economic awakening,with China a special and prominent partner Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Angola has moved from the fringe to the center of African economic affairs.Today,Angola accounts for 6 percent of Africa’s GDP,10 percent of its trade and 5 percent of continental-wide investment flows. Importantly,Angola’s economic awakening has occurred in tandem with the resurgence of BRIC(Brazil,Russia,India and China) commercial interest in Africa.As such,Angola is,
文摘Objective To explore quantitative electroencephalography in unconscious patients after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict awakening. Methods All cases were divided into two groups(the awake group 19 cases and the unfavourable prognosis group 22 cases).Two weeks after admission the original EEGs were preformed in 41 patients suffering from severe TBI with duration of disturbance of
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020T130434,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073798,China)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104107,China)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB932100,China)Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-BS-127,China).
文摘Utilization of the intestinal lymphatic pathway will allow extraordinary gains in lymph and tumors cascade-targeted delivery of oral drugs and awakening the innate/adaptive immunity of the body and the lesion microenvironment,in addition to improving oral bioavailability relative to other means of delivery of oral drugs.Here,inspired by the specific invasion route of intestinal microorganisms,we pioneered an immune-awakening Saccharomyces-inspired mesoporous silicon nanoparticle(yMSN)for the ingenious cascade-targeted delivery of therapeutic cancer vaccines and antitumor drugs to lymph and tumors via the intestinal lymphatic pathway.Encouragingly,yMSN high-loaded tumor-specific antigens(OVA,11.9%)and anti-tumor drugs(Len,28.6%)with high stability,namely Len/OVA/yMSN,efficiently co-delivered OVA and Len to their desired target sites.Moreover,yMSN concomitantly awakened the innate antitumor immunity of dendritic cells and macrophages,strengthening vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses and reversing macrophage-associated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.Surprisingly,Len/OVA/yMSN treatment resulted in excellent synergistic antitumor efficacy and long-term antitumor memory in OVA-Hepa1-6-bearing mice.This high-performance nanocarrier provides a novel approach for lesion-targeting delivery of oral drugs accompanied with awakening of the innate/adaptive immunity of the lesion environment,and also represents a novel path for the oral delivery of diverse therapeutic agents targeting other lymph-mediated diseases.
文摘Prime Minister Yasuo Fukada’s recent trip to China is helping Japan’s relations with China to blossom Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda paid his first state visit to China on December 27-30,2007, with a packed schedule of meetings that he had hoped would cement his country’s official bonds with China and help him establish personal trust with the Chinese.
文摘The Islamic awakening demonstrates the following essential contradictions.First,it calls for the authentic return to Arab-Islamic heritage,while deeming as heretical several traditional doctrines;second,it strives for Arab unity without recognising the needed concessions that should be given to unify non-Muslim Arabs;third,it is proud of the creativity of Islamic heritage in natural and philosophical fields while rejecting the indebtedness to Greek or Zoroastrian influences;fourth,it embraces the Abrahamic path in response to atheistic trends and calling for unity with Jewish and Christian monotheisms,without accepting the possibility of tracing the influence of these traditions on the Qur’an and without admitting the non-Abrahamic traditions such as Hinduism into the spiritual camp;and fifth,it admits the primacy of scientific knowledge,while disparaging its methodological presumptions seen in materialism.The articulation of critical views to resolve these contradictions in the Arab world present creative reformation attempts to harmonise intellectual spheres of identity。
文摘Chinese companies’ ambition to create more patents and their desire to protect their intellectual property is growing People like Ding Xiangen, President of Huali Networks Engineering, a private software company in Jiangsu Province, are among the
文摘BACKGROUND Intraoperative hyperlactatemia often affects circulatory stability,vital organ function,and postoperative recovery,poses a serious prognostic risk,and requires considerable attention from anesthesiologists.Here,we describe a case of hyperlactatemia during the postoperative resection of liver metastases after chemotherapy for sigmoid colon cancer.This did not affect the patient's circulatory stability or quality of awakening,which is rarely reported in clinical practice.We present our management experience with the aim of providing a reference for future studies and clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with postoperative liver metastasis following chemotherapy for sigmoid colon cancer.Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were required.Metabolic disorders,primarily hyperlactatemia,often occur intraoperatively.After treatment,other indices quickly returned to normal,lactate levels decreased slowly,and hyperlactatemia persisted during the awakening period.However,this did not affect the patient's circulatory stability or awakening quality.This condition has rarely been clinically reported.Therefore,we report our management experience in order to guide clinical practice in this regard.Hyperlactatemia did not affect circulatory stability or the quality of awakening.We considered that active intraoperative rehydration avoided serious harm to the organism caused by hyperlactatemia due to insufficient tissue perfusion,while hyperlactatemia caused by decreased lactate clearance due to impaired liver function associated with surgical resection had a mild effect on the function of important organs.CONCLUSION Active intraoperative rehydration avoided serious harm to the organism caused by hyperlactatemia.Strengthening body temperature protection could improve lactate circulation.
文摘Happiness is a treasure that everyone is longing for. But what is happiness? How can we find the genuine happiness?This essay makes a discussion of this topic and gives us an opportunity to rethink happiness by analyzing the short story Bliss written by Katherine Mansfield.The essay is composed of four parts. The first part is an introduction of the topic. Chapter 1 makes a detailed discussion of what happiness is and states out the author's opinion. Chapter 2 starts with the brief account of Katherine Mansfield and her works. Then it analyzes Bliss by three stages- bliss awakening, bliss releasing and bliss searching at once, and bliss shattering and bliss rebuilding. The conclusion restates the author's point of view of what happiness is.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of Dexmedetomidine combined with Sufentanil on hemodynamics, stress state, helper T cytokines and pain degree during the waking period of general anesthesia in elderly patients with lower limb fracture surgery were studied.Methods:From June 2017 to July 2018, 95 elderly patients with lower limb fracture who visited First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University and received fracture surgery and general anesthesia were collected. According to their different anesthesia methods, 46 patients were divided into the sufentanil maintenance anesthesia group (Sufentanil group), and 49 patients were divided into the metopidine combined with sufentanil maintenance anesthesia group (Joint group). Changes in hemodynamics (HR, SpO2, MAP) of the two groups were monitored at different times throughout the operation. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay detection of two groups of patients in maintain anesthesia and anesthesia to stress index (Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR). The the changes of pain mediators (NO,β-EP, SP) and helper T cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) were compared between the two groups before and 24 hours after surgery. Results:In the combined group, HR, SpO2, MAP and sufentanil groups showed little change in SpO2 during anesthesia, with no significant difference. The HR and MAP of T2 and T3 in the sufentanil group were significantly higher than those in the combined group at T2 and T3. The stress indicators Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR in the anesthesia of the two groups were significantly higher than those in the anesthesia maintenance. The serum stress indexes of Cor, E, FIns and HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the combined group than in the sufentanil group. The IFN-γ level of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the sufentanil group, and the TNF-α level was significantly lower than that of the control group. Serum levels of NO,β-EP and SP were significantly higher in the two groups 24 h after surgery. Serum pain mediators NO,β-EP and SP in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the sufentanil group before and 24 h after surgery.Conclusion: Combined anesthesia with Remifentanil and Propofol can stabilize the hemodynamic state of patients undergoing craniotomy, reduce cardiovascular stress response and inflammatory response, reduce nerve damage, and play a role in brain protection.
文摘Aim Posttraumatic nightmares are a core component of posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） and mechanistically linked to the development and maintenance of this disorder, but little is known about their mecha- nism. Methods We utilized a communication box to establish an animal model of physiological stress （foot-shock I FSI） and psychological stress （PS） to mimic the direct suffering and witnessing of traumatic events. Results Twenty-one days after traumatic stress, some of the experimental animals presented startled awakening （ i. e. , were startled awake by a supposed ＂nightmare＂） with different electroencephalographic spectra features. Our neuroan- atomical results showed that the secondary somatosensory cortex and primary auditory cortex may play an important role in remote traumatic memory retrieval in FS ＂nightmare＂ （FSN） rats, whereas the temporal association cortex may play an important role in PS ＂nightmare＂ （PSN） rats. The FSN and PSN groups possessed common emotion evocation circuits, including activation of the amygdala and inactivation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and ven- tral anterior cingulate cortex. The decreased activity of the granular and dysgranular insular cortex was only oh-served in PSN rats. Conclusion The present results imply that different types of stress may cause PTSD-like ＂nightmares＂ in rodents and identified the possible neurocircuitry of memory retrieval and emotion evocation.
