Geothermal energy is considered a renewable,environmentally friendly,especially carbon-free,sustainable energy source that can solve the problem of climate change.In general,countries with geothermal energy resources ...Geothermal energy is considered a renewable,environmentally friendly,especially carbon-free,sustainable energy source that can solve the problem of climate change.In general,countries with geothermal energy resources are the ones going through the ring of fire.Therefore,not every country is lucky enough to own this resource.As a country with 117 active volcanoes and within the world’s ring of fire,it is a country whose geothermal resources are estimated to be about 40%of the world’s geothermal energy potential.However,the percentage used compared to the geothermal potential is too small.Therefore,this is the main energy source that Indonesia is aiming to exploit and use.However,the deployment and development of this energy source are still facing many obstacles due to many aspects from budget sources due to high capital costs,factory construction location,quality of resources,and conflicts of the local community.In this context,determining the optimal locations for geothermal energy sites(GES)is one of the most important and necessary issues.To strengthen the selection methods,this study applies a two-layer fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method.Through the layers,the Ordinal Priority Approach(OPA)is proposed to weight the sub-criteria,the main criterion,and the sustainability factors.In layer 2,the Neutrosophic Fuzzy Axiomatic Design(NFAD)is applied to rank and evaluate potential locations for geothermal plant construction.Choosing the right geothermal energy site can bring low-cost efficiency,no greenhouse gas emissions,and quickly become the main energy source providing electricity for Indonesia.The final ranking shows Papua,Kawah Cibuni,and Moluccas as the three most suitable cities to build geothermal energy systems.Kawah Cibuni was identified as the most potential GES in Indonesia,with a score of 0.46.Papua is the second most promising GES with a score of 0.45.Next is the Moluccas,with a score of 0.39.However,the three least potential sites among the 15 studied sites are Lumut Balai,Moluccas and Patuha,with scores of 0.08,0.11 and 0.17,respectively.The conclusion of this study also classifies positions into groups to aid in decision-making.展开更多
Aiming at the problem existing in the computer aided design process that how to express the design intents with high-level engineering terminologies, a mechanical product self-organized semantic feature evolution tech...Aiming at the problem existing in the computer aided design process that how to express the design intents with high-level engineering terminologies, a mechanical product self-organized semantic feature evolution technology for axiomatic design is proposed, so that the constraint relations between mechanical parts could be expressed in a semantic form which is more suitable for designers. By describing the evolution rules for semantic constraint information, the abstract expression of design semantics in mechanical product evolution process is realized and the constraint relations between parts are mapped to the geometric level from the semantic level; With semantic feature relation graph, the abstract semantic description, the semantic relative structure and the semantic constraint information are linked together; And the methods of semantic feature self-organized evolution are classified. Finally, combining a design example of domestic high-speed elevator, how to apply the theory to practical product development is illustrated and this method and its validity is described and verified. According to the study results, the designers are able to represent the design intents at an advanced semantic level in a more intuitional and natural way and the automation, recursion and visualization for mechanical product axiomatic design are also realized.展开更多
Axiomatic design（AD） is a popular design method,and satisfying the independence axiom is the basis of AD.However,AD doesn＇t provide methods to decompose functions then keep them independent and to handle coupled de...Axiomatic design（AD） is a popular design method,and satisfying the independence axiom is the basis of AD.However,AD doesn＇t provide methods to decompose functions then keep them independent and to handle coupled design.A few of ways of handling coupled design are mainly passive resolutions when coupled design exists,but not efficient to each product design.Hence,this paper presents an innovative approach to design and decompose functions of complex products based on functional connections,aiming at actively avoiding functional coupling.By contrasting with component networks,four kinds of relations among functions are identified,including spatial,energy,material,and information connection.Then the definitions of these relations and the dominant connection are given.Based on the definitions,the principles of functional decomposition and design are developed,in which each non-leaf function is broken into sub functions centered on its dominant connection with avoidance of functional cross and coupling,and sequentially satisfies the independence axiom.Then the operational flow of the proposed approach is constructed.Determining the dominant connection of a function,decomposing the function into sub functions in terms of the dominant connection and reverse examination and optimization are planed as the core steps in each zigzagging.Input process output（IPO） analysis is introduced to obtain the dominant connection of a function,some rules for examining and optimizing the decomposition results reversely according to oriented object theory are presented as well.An illustrative example about the pouring function of squeeze casting equipments presented demonstrates how to use the proposed approach,and indicates its effectiveness.The proposed approach expands the principles of AD,constructs a guidance policy for independent functional design of complex products based on AD,and can help decrease or actively avoid coupled design and improve design efficiency.展开更多
Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the ...Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.展开更多
The self-organized evolution technology of the mechanism kinetic scheme based on axiomatic design is presented. This technology tries to express the constraints between kinetic mechanisms briefly in a semantic form wh...The self-organized evolution technology of the mechanism kinetic scheme based on axiomatic design is presented. This technology tries to express the constraints between kinetic mechanisms briefly in a semantic form which is more familiar to the designers. Through the mapping process between the kinetic chain unit and the unit instance, the evolution from abstract unit to concrete engineering instance is achieved. The subdivision of unit coupling semantics is studied, and the evolution of semantics is finished. Also, the semantic constraints evolution of unit coupling semantics is described. The product structure models with function and assembly meanings are constructed based on the kinematic chain unit and unit coupling. It provides a basis to realize the inheritance and transfer of constraint information from conceptual design to design for assembly （DFA）. As the engineering practice result shows, the method can help the engineers express their And the automation, recursion and design intension more clearly and naturally in a high semantic level. visualization of the mechanism kinetic scheme design are realized展开更多
Quartz rate sensors （QRS） made out of one single piece of quartz crystal are inertial devices which can be used for general rate control, stabilization, automotive and aerospace/defense markets, etc. The mechanical ...Quartz rate sensors （QRS） made out of one single piece of quartz crystal are inertial devices which can be used for general rate control, stabilization, automotive and aerospace/defense markets, etc. The mechanical design of the QRS has been investigated based on axiomatic design. The axiomatic design matrix of the mechanical structure of Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes （CVG） has been proposed. The mechanical function of QRS is divided into three Function Requirements （FR） , i. e. , FR1 is the drive mode, FR2 is the sense mode, FR3 is a coupled connection where the Coriolis force can couple the two modes with a term proportional to the rotational rate. A new QRS which is easy to be fabricated has been put forward. Furthermore, the new QRS indicated that the axiomatic design is a help to functional design of products.展开更多
A screw drive in-pipe robot is promising inspection equipment for small pipes. However, most of the existing screw drive in-pipe robots have problems of motion interference and slipping inside curved or irregular pipe...A screw drive in-pipe robot is promising inspection equipment for small pipes. However, most of the existing screw drive in-pipe robots have problems of motion interference and slipping inside curved or irregular pipes. These problems result from the coupled relations among the steering motion, the motion speed and the load ability of the robot. In order to deal with the problems, the axiomatic design （AD） theory is applied to evaluate and analyze the existing designs. Then an uncoupled con- cept design based on the AD theory is proposed and the complete AD decomposition process is presented. After that, the pro- posed robot based on a tri-axial differential angle modulation mechanism is designed to realize the uncoupled concept. Finally, the uncoupled property is verified in a dynamics simulation system. The simulation results indicate that the mc tion speed, load ability and steering motion of the proposed robot can be adjusted individually compared with the robots taat have inclin- ing-angle-fixed rollers. Owing to the uncoupled design, the proposed robot can mechanically adapt to straight pipes and curved pipes with less roller slipping.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)in critical infrastructure face serious threats of attack,motivating research into a wide variety of defence mechanisms such as those that monitor for violations of invariants,i.e.logical p...Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)in critical infrastructure face serious threats of attack,motivating research into a wide variety of defence mechanisms such as those that monitor for violations of invariants,i.e.logical properties over sensor and actuator states that should always be true.Many approaches for identifying invariants attempt to do so automatically,typically using data logs,but these can miss valid system properties if relevant behaviours are not well-represented in the data.Furthermore,as the CPS is already built,resolving any design flaws or weak points identified through this process is costly.In this paper,we propose a systematic method for deriving invariants from an analysis of a CPS design,based on principles of the axiomatic design methodology from design science.Our method iteratively decomposes a high-level CPS design to identify sets of dependent design parameters(i.e.sensors and actuators),allowing for invariants and invariant checkers to be derived in parallel to the implementation of the system.We apply our method to the designs of two CPS testbeds,SWaT and WADI,deriving a suite of invariant checkers that are able to detect a variety of single-and multi-stage attacks without any false positives.Finally,we reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of our approach,how it can be complemented by other defence mechanisms,and how it could help engineers to identify and resolve weak points in a design before the controllers of a CPS are implemented.展开更多
Converting customer needs into specific forms and providing consumers with services are crucial in product design.Currently,conversion is no longer difficult due to the development of modern technology,and various mea...Converting customer needs into specific forms and providing consumers with services are crucial in product design.Currently,conversion is no longer difficult due to the development of modern technology,and various measures can be applied for product realization,thus increasing the complexity of analysis and evaluation in the design process.The focus of the design process has thus shifted from problem solving to minimizing the total amount of information content.This paper presents a New Hybrid Axiomatic Design(AD)Methodology based on iteratively matching and merging design parameters that meet the independence axiom and attribute constraints by applying trimming technology,the ideal final results,and technology evolution theory.The proposed method minimizes the total amount of information content and improves the design quality.Finally,a case study of a rehabilitation robot design for hemiplegic patients is presented.The results indicate that the iterative matching and merging of related attributes can minimize the total amount of information content,reduce the cost,and improve design efficiency.Additionally,evolutionary technology prediction can ensure product novelty and improve market competitiveness.The methodology provides an excellent way to design a new(or improved)product.展开更多
The conceptual design of mechatronic systems is addressed under the thrust of concurrent engineering and an enhanced conceptual design methodology describing the early design stage of mechatronic systems is presented ...The conceptual design of mechatronic systems is addressed under the thrust of concurrent engineering and an enhanced conceptual design methodology describing the early design stage of mechatronic systems is presented through an example illustration of a pick and place robot.This methodology treats each feasible solution as a solution strategy.In the methodology,Quality Function Deployment(QFD)is used as a baseline for the analysis of the mapping from customers to engineering requirements,Axiomatic Design(AD)is adopted as a guideline to generate feasible,good design solution alternatives,and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ)is applied to deal with domain conflicts in design.展开更多
文摘Geothermal energy is considered a renewable,environmentally friendly,especially carbon-free,sustainable energy source that can solve the problem of climate change.In general,countries with geothermal energy resources are the ones going through the ring of fire.Therefore,not every country is lucky enough to own this resource.As a country with 117 active volcanoes and within the world’s ring of fire,it is a country whose geothermal resources are estimated to be about 40%of the world’s geothermal energy potential.However,the percentage used compared to the geothermal potential is too small.Therefore,this is the main energy source that Indonesia is aiming to exploit and use.However,the deployment and development of this energy source are still facing many obstacles due to many aspects from budget sources due to high capital costs,factory construction location,quality of resources,and conflicts of the local community.In this context,determining the optimal locations for geothermal energy sites(GES)is one of the most important and necessary issues.To strengthen the selection methods,this study applies a two-layer fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method.Through the layers,the Ordinal Priority Approach(OPA)is proposed to weight the sub-criteria,the main criterion,and the sustainability factors.In layer 2,the Neutrosophic Fuzzy Axiomatic Design(NFAD)is applied to rank and evaluate potential locations for geothermal plant construction.Choosing the right geothermal energy site can bring low-cost efficiency,no greenhouse gas emissions,and quickly become the main energy source providing electricity for Indonesia.The final ranking shows Papua,Kawah Cibuni,and Moluccas as the three most suitable cities to build geothermal energy systems.Kawah Cibuni was identified as the most potential GES in Indonesia,with a score of 0.46.Papua is the second most promising GES with a score of 0.45.Next is the Moluccas,with a score of 0.39.However,the three least potential sites among the 15 studied sites are Lumut Balai,Moluccas and Patuha,with scores of 0.08,0.11 and 0.17,respectively.The conclusion of this study also classifies positions into groups to aid in decision-making.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50505044)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,No.2007AA04Z 190)
文摘Aiming at the problem existing in the computer aided design process that how to express the design intents with high-level engineering terminologies, a mechanical product self-organized semantic feature evolution technology for axiomatic design is proposed, so that the constraint relations between mechanical parts could be expressed in a semantic form which is more suitable for designers. By describing the evolution rules for semantic constraint information, the abstract expression of design semantics in mechanical product evolution process is realized and the constraint relations between parts are mapped to the geometric level from the semantic level; With semantic feature relation graph, the abstract semantic description, the semantic relative structure and the semantic constraint information are linked together; And the methods of semantic feature self-organized evolution are classified. Finally, combining a design example of domestic high-speed elevator, how to apply the theory to practical product development is illustrated and this method and its validity is described and verified. According to the study results, the designers are able to represent the design intents at an advanced semantic level in a more intuitional and natural way and the automation, recursion and visualization for mechanical product axiomatic design are also realized.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial & Ministry of Education IAR Project of China (Grant No. 2009A090100026)Guangxi Provincial Science and Technology Infrastructure Construction Project of China (Grant No. Guikeneng 0842006,09-007-05)
文摘Axiomatic design（AD） is a popular design method,and satisfying the independence axiom is the basis of AD.However,AD doesn＇t provide methods to decompose functions then keep them independent and to handle coupled design.A few of ways of handling coupled design are mainly passive resolutions when coupled design exists,but not efficient to each product design.Hence,this paper presents an innovative approach to design and decompose functions of complex products based on functional connections,aiming at actively avoiding functional coupling.By contrasting with component networks,four kinds of relations among functions are identified,including spatial,energy,material,and information connection.Then the definitions of these relations and the dominant connection are given.Based on the definitions,the principles of functional decomposition and design are developed,in which each non-leaf function is broken into sub functions centered on its dominant connection with avoidance of functional cross and coupling,and sequentially satisfies the independence axiom.Then the operational flow of the proposed approach is constructed.Determining the dominant connection of a function,decomposing the function into sub functions in terms of the dominant connection and reverse examination and optimization are planed as the core steps in each zigzagging.Input process output（IPO） analysis is introduced to obtain the dominant connection of a function,some rules for examining and optimizing the decomposition results reversely according to oriented object theory are presented as well.An illustrative example about the pouring function of squeeze casting equipments presented demonstrates how to use the proposed approach,and indicates its effectiveness.The proposed approach expands the principles of AD,constructs a guidance policy for independent functional design of complex products based on AD,and can help decrease or actively avoid coupled design and improve design efficiency.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575083)
文摘Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.
文摘The self-organized evolution technology of the mechanism kinetic scheme based on axiomatic design is presented. This technology tries to express the constraints between kinetic mechanisms briefly in a semantic form which is more familiar to the designers. Through the mapping process between the kinetic chain unit and the unit instance, the evolution from abstract unit to concrete engineering instance is achieved. The subdivision of unit coupling semantics is studied, and the evolution of semantics is finished. Also, the semantic constraints evolution of unit coupling semantics is described. The product structure models with function and assembly meanings are constructed based on the kinematic chain unit and unit coupling. It provides a basis to realize the inheritance and transfer of constraint information from conceptual design to design for assembly （DFA）. As the engineering practice result shows, the method can help the engineers express their And the automation, recursion and design intension more clearly and naturally in a high semantic level. visualization of the mechanism kinetic scheme design are realized
文摘Quartz rate sensors （QRS） made out of one single piece of quartz crystal are inertial devices which can be used for general rate control, stabilization, automotive and aerospace/defense markets, etc. The mechanical design of the QRS has been investigated based on axiomatic design. The axiomatic design matrix of the mechanical structure of Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes （CVG） has been proposed. The mechanical function of QRS is divided into three Function Requirements （FR） , i. e. , FR1 is the drive mode, FR2 is the sense mode, FR3 is a coupled connection where the Coriolis force can couple the two modes with a term proportional to the rotational rate. A new QRS which is easy to be fabricated has been put forward. Furthermore, the new QRS indicated that the axiomatic design is a help to functional design of products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61273345)
文摘A screw drive in-pipe robot is promising inspection equipment for small pipes. However, most of the existing screw drive in-pipe robots have problems of motion interference and slipping inside curved or irregular pipes. These problems result from the coupled relations among the steering motion, the motion speed and the load ability of the robot. In order to deal with the problems, the axiomatic design （AD） theory is applied to evaluate and analyze the existing designs. Then an uncoupled con- cept design based on the AD theory is proposed and the complete AD decomposition process is presented. After that, the pro- posed robot based on a tri-axial differential angle modulation mechanism is designed to realize the uncoupled concept. Finally, the uncoupled property is verified in a dynamics simulation system. The simulation results indicate that the mc tion speed, load ability and steering motion of the proposed robot can be adjusted individually compared with the robots taat have inclin- ing-angle-fixed rollers. Owing to the uncoupled design, the proposed robot can mechanically adapt to straight pipes and curved pipes with less roller slipping.
基金the National Research Foundation,Singapore,under its National Satellite of Excellence Programme“Design Science and Technology for Secure Critical Infrastructure”(Award Number:NSoE DeST-SCI2019-0004).
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)in critical infrastructure face serious threats of attack,motivating research into a wide variety of defence mechanisms such as those that monitor for violations of invariants,i.e.logical properties over sensor and actuator states that should always be true.Many approaches for identifying invariants attempt to do so automatically,typically using data logs,but these can miss valid system properties if relevant behaviours are not well-represented in the data.Furthermore,as the CPS is already built,resolving any design flaws or weak points identified through this process is costly.In this paper,we propose a systematic method for deriving invariants from an analysis of a CPS design,based on principles of the axiomatic design methodology from design science.Our method iteratively decomposes a high-level CPS design to identify sets of dependent design parameters(i.e.sensors and actuators),allowing for invariants and invariant checkers to be derived in parallel to the implementation of the system.We apply our method to the designs of two CPS testbeds,SWaT and WADI,deriving a suite of invariant checkers that are able to detect a variety of single-and multi-stage attacks without any false positives.Finally,we reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of our approach,how it can be complemented by other defence mechanisms,and how it could help engineers to identify and resolve weak points in a design before the controllers of a CPS are implemented.
基金Supported by Research Startup Fund Project of Fujian University of Technology(Grant No.GY-Z20089)Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2018J05099)Education and Scientific Research Projects of Young Teachers in Fujian Province of China(Grant No.JAT160313).
文摘Converting customer needs into specific forms and providing consumers with services are crucial in product design.Currently,conversion is no longer difficult due to the development of modern technology,and various measures can be applied for product realization,thus increasing the complexity of analysis and evaluation in the design process.The focus of the design process has thus shifted from problem solving to minimizing the total amount of information content.This paper presents a New Hybrid Axiomatic Design(AD)Methodology based on iteratively matching and merging design parameters that meet the independence axiom and attribute constraints by applying trimming technology,the ideal final results,and technology evolution theory.The proposed method minimizes the total amount of information content and improves the design quality.Finally,a case study of a rehabilitation robot design for hemiplegic patients is presented.The results indicate that the iterative matching and merging of related attributes can minimize the total amount of information content,reduce the cost,and improve design efficiency.Additionally,evolutionary technology prediction can ensure product novelty and improve market competitiveness.The methodology provides an excellent way to design a new(or improved)product.
文摘The conceptual design of mechatronic systems is addressed under the thrust of concurrent engineering and an enhanced conceptual design methodology describing the early design stage of mechatronic systems is presented through an example illustration of a pick and place robot.This methodology treats each feasible solution as a solution strategy.In the methodology,Quality Function Deployment(QFD)is used as a baseline for the analysis of the mapping from customers to engineering requirements,Axiomatic Design(AD)is adopted as a guideline to generate feasible,good design solution alternatives,and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ)is applied to deal with domain conflicts in design.
