Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following ...Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.展开更多
Electric power training is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.In this study,we introduce a novel Abnormal Action Recognition(AAR)system that utilizes a Lightweight Pose Estimation Network(...Electric power training is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.In this study,we introduce a novel Abnormal Action Recognition(AAR)system that utilizes a Lightweight Pose Estimation Network(LPEN)to efficiently and effectively detect abnormal fall-down and trespass incidents in electric power training scenarios.The LPEN network,comprising three stages—MobileNet,Initial Stage,and Refinement Stage—is employed to swiftly extract image features,detect human key points,and refine them for accurate analysis.Subsequently,a Pose-aware Action Analysis Module(PAAM)captures the positional coordinates of human skeletal points in each frame.Finally,an Abnormal Action Inference Module(AAIM)evaluates whether abnormal fall-down or unauthorized trespass behavior is occurring.For fall-down recognition,three criteria—falling speed,main angles of skeletal points,and the person’s bounding box—are considered.To identify unauthorized trespass,emphasis is placed on the position of the ankles.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric power training.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)exhibit symptoms such as antecollis(AC)and camptocormia(CC).The pathology of these two conditions is unclear.Additionally,standard treatment methods have not been es...BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)exhibit symptoms such as antecollis(AC)and camptocormia(CC).The pathology of these two conditions is unclear.Additionally,standard treatment methods have not been established.The article reports the case of a 65-year-old female patient with AC and CC who was treated with central and peripheral interventions to alleviate symptoms.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 65-year-old female PD patient with AC and CC.The course of the disease was 5 years.She was treated with rehabilitation strategies such as sensory tricks and trunk strength training.During the inpatient period,we compared and analyzed the patient's gait,rehabilitation assessment scale score,and angles of her abnormal trunk posture in the first week,the third week,and the fifth week.The patient's stride length increased,indicating that the patient's walking ability was improved.The Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale Part Three score and CC severity score decreased.Furthermore,the score of the other scale increased.In addition,the patient showed significant improvements in AC,upper CC,and lower CC angles.CONCLUSION This case study suggested that sensory tricks and trunk strength training are beneficial and safe for patients with AC and CC.展开更多
The shot put is a sport that requires very high explosive power and precise technique.Strength training occupies the core position in the training of shot-putters,which can not only improve the throwing distance of at...The shot put is a sport that requires very high explosive power and precise technique.Strength training occupies the core position in the training of shot-putters,which can not only improve the throwing distance of athletes but also enhance their competitive state and prevent sports injuries.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the principles,classification,methods,and specific exercises of strength training in the training of shot-putters,in order to provide scientific training guidance for shot-putters.展开更多
Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower ...Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. Results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.展开更多
Purpose:This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training(RT) volume on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.Methods:A systematic search was p...Purpose:This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training(RT) volume on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.Methods:A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SciELO.Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation with a control group(CG) were included.Independent reviewers selected the studies,extracted the data,and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)) evaluations.Total body and abdominal adiposity,blood lipids,glucose,and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis.A random-effects model,standardized mean difference(Hedges’ g),and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used for meta-analysis.Results:Twenty randomized controlled trials(overall risk of bias:some concerns;GRADE:low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included.RT groups were divided into low-volume RT(LVRT,~44 sets/week) and high-volume RT(HVRT,~77 sets/week).Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation when compared to CG.However,HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose(HVRT=-1.19;95%CI:-1.63 to-0.74;LVRT=-0.78;95%CI:-1.15 to-0.41) and C-reactive protein(HVRT=-1.00;95%CI:-1.32 to-0.67;LVRT=-0.34;95%CI,-0.63 to-0.04)) when compared to CG.Conclusion:Compared to CG,HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.展开更多
Background:To investigate the effectiveness of the progressive resistance training(PRT)using thera band in improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:In this prospective study,12 MG patients with gener...Background:To investigate the effectiveness of the progressive resistance training(PRT)using thera band in improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:In this prospective study,12 MG patients with generalised stable disease performed progressive resistance training with thera band for four times per week for 24 weeks.The isometric muscle force of shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors using handheld dynamometer,Myasthenia Gravis Composite(MGC)score,Quantitative myasthenia gravis score(QMG),were assessed before and after the training period.Results:Progressive resistance training was well tolerated,and the isometric muscle strength was significantly improved in shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors(P<0.05).The disease course(QMG and MGC)was slowed down and improved(P<0.05).Conclusion:Progressive resistance training is effective in improving muscle strength specifically in most affected muscles in MG.展开更多
In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necess...In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necessary to effectively fix the pelvic position in the process of exercise,so that the core stability,balance,and coordination of athletes can be improved.The training process of the 100-meter event is mainly an anaerobic metabolic exercise,it is necessary to ensure that athletes maintain a high level of physical readiness during the exercises and concentrate highly on their core strength,so that they can achieve excellent results.This paper analyzes the core strength training for the 100-meter event in track and field sports,discusses its importance,and puts forward specific training methods,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant researchers.展开更多
Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each o...Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes: an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation (i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.), how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels (macro, meso, and micro) such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized.展开更多
The elderly population in Brazil has been growing exponentially according to data presented by the IBGE. It is estimated that by 2025 the population will have reached 32 million, placing the country sixth in the world...The elderly population in Brazil has been growing exponentially according to data presented by the IBGE. It is estimated that by 2025 the population will have reached 32 million, placing the country sixth in the world in the population of elderly people. To assess the results of respiratory training associated with functional training on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and functionality of the elderly. The sample was composed of 40 elderlies, divided into four groups, the experimental group with functional training, one experimental group with functional training associated with respiratory training, one experimental group with respiratory training, and the fourth group, the control group. After the initial and final evaluations, the variables measured were: The Breathing Test, Sit to Stand Test, the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Spirometry. Twenty appointments were conducted twice a week. There were significant differences for variables maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure;more accentuated in the associated group when compared to the respiratory group;forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity were meaningful in the associated group;peak expiratory flow means values increased after the intervention;in the six-minute walk test, we noticed a trend to increase values after the intervention. Functional training as well as associated respiratory muscle training provide the most beneficial changes compared only to functional and respiratory training. Therefore, this may be an effective clinical training method for patients’ elderly.展开更多
Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back pain.The ...Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back pain.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1)the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2)muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft personnel.Methods:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training(n=12)or the control protocol(n=6)without additional strength training.Pre-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to measure the volume of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius,and deep neck muscles.Furthermore,during a long-arm centrifuge(+1.4 and+3Gz)protocol,the muscular activity levels of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius and m.erector spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision goggles.Each participant’s perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge protocol.Results:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group(P<0.05).Relative muscle activity(%MVC)with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group(P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group(P<0.01).The perceived muscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the groups.Conclusions:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder muscles and leads to lower relative muscle activation upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge.展开更多
This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on serum growth hormone secretion response after strength training in young men who did not regularly engage in high intensity exercise. Te...This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on serum growth hormone secretion response after strength training in young men who did not regularly engage in high intensity exercise. Ten healthy young males without workout habits (age: 22.2 +/- 1.0 yr). Subjects performed biceps curl strength training after L-ornithine hydro- chloride and placebo ingestions. They participated in both of the above conditions randomly with a week interval in between. Serum growth hormone and ornithine levels were measured before L-ornithine hydrochloride or placebo ingestions and at 30 minutes after strength training. Serum growth hormone and ornithine level were measured. A change magnitude of serum growth hormone was significantly larger in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition than in the placebo condition, and the effect size was also large (t = 1.91, p = .044, ES = .75). A significant interaction (F = 280.98, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.96) was found in serum ornithine and a multiple comparison test showed that it was greater in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition. Serum growth hormone level after strength training increases by L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion in untrained young males.展开更多
BACKGROUND The clinical role of perioperative respiratory muscle training(RMT),including inspiratory muscle training(IMT)and expiratory muscle training(EMT)in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery remains unclear up t...BACKGROUND The clinical role of perioperative respiratory muscle training(RMT),including inspiratory muscle training(IMT)and expiratory muscle training(EMT)in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery remains unclear up to now.AIM To evaluate whether perioperative RMT is effective in improving postoperative outcomes such as the respiratory muscle strength and physical activity level of patients receiving lung surgery.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE(via OVID),Web of Science,Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)were systematically searched to obtain eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Primary outcome was postoperative respiratory muscle strength expressed as the maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP)and maximal expiratory pressure(MEP).Secondary outcomes were physical activity,exercise capacity,including the 6-min walking distance and peak oxygen consumption during the cardio-pulmonary exercise test,pulmonary function and the quality of life.RESULTS Seven studies involving 240 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.Among them,four studies focused on IMT and the other three studies focused on RMT,one of which included IMT,EMT and also combined RMT(IMT-EMT-RMT).Three studies applied the intervention postoperative,one study preoperative and the other three studies included both pre-and postoperative training.For primary outcomes,the pooled results indicated that perioperative RMT improved the postoperative MIP(mean=8.13 cmH_(2)O,95%CI:1.31 to 14.95,P=0.02)and tended to increase MEP(mean=13.51 cmH_(2)O,95%CI:-4.47 to 31.48,P=0.14).For secondary outcomes,perioperative RMT enhanced postoperative physical activity significantly(P=0.006)and a trend of improved postoperative pulmonary function was observed.CONCLUSION Perioperative RMT enhanced postoperative respiratory muscle strength and physical activity level of patients receiving lung surgery.However,RCTs with large samples are needed to evaluate effects of perioperative RMT on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing lung surgery.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to describe the acute effects of 2 different high-intensity intermittent trainings(HIITs) on postural control,countermovement jump(CMJ),squat jump(SJ),and stretch-shortening cycle(SSC...Purpose:This study aimed to describe the acute effects of 2 different high-intensity intermittent trainings(HIITs) on postural control,countermovement jump(CMJ),squat jump(SJ),and stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) utilisation,and to compare the changes induced by both protocols in those variables in endurance runners.Methods:Eighteen recreationally trained endurance runners participated in this study and were tested on 2 occasions:10 runs of 400 m with 90 s recovery between running bouts(10×400 m),and 40 runs of 100 m with 30 s recovery between runs(40 × 100 m).Heart rate was monitored during both HIITs;blood lactate accumulation and rate of perceived exertion were recorded after both protocols.Vertical jump ability(CMJ and SJ) and SSC together with postural control were also controlled during both HIITs.Results:Repeated measures analysis revealed a significan improvement in CMJ and SJ during 10 × 400 m(p〈0.05),whilst no significan changes were observed during 40×100 m.Indexes related to SSC did not experience significan changes during any of the protocols.As for postural control,no significan changes were observed in the 40×100 m protocol,whilst significan impairments were observed during the 10×400 m protocol(p〈0.05).Conclusion:A protocol with a higher number of shorter runs(40×100 m) induced different changes in those neuromuscular parameters than those with fewer and longer runs(10×400 m).Whereas the 40×100 m protocol did not cause any significan changes in vertical jump ability,postural control or SSC utilisation,the 10×400 m protocol impaired postural control and caused improvements in vertical jumping tests.展开更多
The paper introduces some technology for training, simulation, restoration expert system of power grid, the structure of the system including function composition, hardware and software composition are discussed, know...The paper introduces some technology for training, simulation, restoration expert system of power grid, the structure of the system including function composition, hardware and software composition are discussed, knowledge representation and the method to establish device graphical library for expert system are given, the fault setting and diagnosis for training and simulation as well as restoration technology with deep first searching arithmetic and heuristic inference are presented. The research provides a good base for developing the training, simulation, restoration system of power companies.展开更多
Data Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) scheme outperforms the traditional su-perimposed training by fully canceling the effects of unknown data in channel estimator.In DDST,however,the channel estimation accuracy ...Data Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) scheme outperforms the traditional su-perimposed training by fully canceling the effects of unknown data in channel estimator.In DDST,however,the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection or channel equalization performance are affected significantly by the amount of power allocated to data and superimposed training sequence,which is the motivation of this research.In general,for DDST,there is a tradeoff between the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection reliability,i.e.,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more reliable the data detection;on the other hand,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more demanding on the power consumption of training sequence,which in turn leads to the less reliable data detection.In this paper,the relationship between the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of the data detector and the training sequence power is analyzed.The optimal power allocation of the training sequence is derived based on the criterion of maximizing SNR of the detector.Analysis and simulation results show that for a fixed transmit power,the SNR and the Symbol Error Rate(SER) of detector vary nonlinearly with the increasing of training sequence power,and there exists an optimal power ratio,which accords with the derived optimal power ratio,among the data and training sequence.展开更多
An approach of training working staff of power system operation mode based on state evaluation is proposed. In terms of knowledge features of power system operation mode, we studied a training method based on evaluati...An approach of training working staff of power system operation mode based on state evaluation is proposed. In terms of knowledge features of power system operation mode, we studied a training method based on evaluation of learning state. This training method makes individual learning for different individual condition to give them ability to grasp learning points quickly, evaluate real-time learning effect, update learning style in time and summarize problems after one learning stage, so that learners can master professional knowledge in constant summaries and feedbacks. Obvious effects can be obtained on discontinuous learning time that trainees can master basic theories associated with their working and operations adapted to practical work quickly.展开更多
This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated power m...This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated power management system meets International Convention STCW (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping) 78 (with Manila amendments 2010) requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship's automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship's equipment (high voltage installations included) and means of automation. The simulator's complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists (mechanics and electricians) by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship's electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator's complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator's complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eight weeks of aerobic high-intensity interval training with roller ski is effective in cross-country skiers. 10 male (age, 18.28 ± 2.1 years; height, 171.26 ...The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eight weeks of aerobic high-intensity interval training with roller ski is effective in cross-country skiers. 10 male (age, 18.28 ± 2.1 years; height, 171.26 ± 4.12 cm; weight 61.39 ± 6.28 kg) and 8 female (age, 16.05 ± 0.3 years; height, 158.3 ± 6.47 cm; weight, 49.34 ± 0.7 kg) junior cross country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed a 2 × 2-kin all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake), anaerobic power, and also for 2-km roller ski. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean (± SD), significant level, and percentage changes (%). Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-kin roller ski performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups (P 〈 0.005). With reference to the training effects found in our study, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.展开更多
In 1979, unavailability of MFWS (Main Feedwater System) in TMI (Three Mile Island) Unit-2 happened in the United States. To make it worse, due to malfunction of Isolation Control Valves in AFWS (Auxiliary Feedwat...In 1979, unavailability of MFWS (Main Feedwater System) in TMI (Three Mile Island) Unit-2 happened in the United States. To make it worse, due to malfunction of Isolation Control Valves in AFWS (Auxiliary Feedwater System), the supply of cooling water to SGs (Steam Generators) was delayed approximately 8 minutes compared to AOP (Abnormal Operating Procedure). In the long run, on account of deferred heat sink provision to SGs, the reactor core was melted partially. It was the first critical accident in the US commercial NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) history. Hence, after TMI Accident, US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Committee) suggested more than one hundred alternatives to improve safety and reliability of NPP. Among these countermeasures, one proposal was related to training area. It was SAT (Systematic Approach to Training) methodology. Therefore, the goal of SAT is the enhancement of NPP stability through training point of view. Since the appearance of SAT in the nuclear industry, it has acquired the unwavering position in the US NPP training field. Meanwhile, significance of NPP decommissioning has been soared up in South Korea since the announcement of Kori Unit-1 decommissioning decision. According to the proclaimed plan from Korean government, Kori Unit-1 is scheduled to be decommissioned from June, 2017. Under this circumstance, nurturing sufficient number of NPP decommissioning engineers is one of the most urgent issues in South Korean nuclear industry. Hence, to elevate efficiency and consistency of training quality, SAT methodology can be a reliable solution for the training of decommissioning engineers. For this reason, the present study aims to design SAT based NPP decommissioning engineer training in South Korea.展开更多
基金suppoited by an Alexander Graliam Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship-Doctoralsupported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarshipsupported by the Canada Research Chairs programme。
文摘Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.
基金supportted by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230696).
文摘Electric power training is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.In this study,we introduce a novel Abnormal Action Recognition(AAR)system that utilizes a Lightweight Pose Estimation Network(LPEN)to efficiently and effectively detect abnormal fall-down and trespass incidents in electric power training scenarios.The LPEN network,comprising three stages—MobileNet,Initial Stage,and Refinement Stage—is employed to swiftly extract image features,detect human key points,and refine them for accurate analysis.Subsequently,a Pose-aware Action Analysis Module(PAAM)captures the positional coordinates of human skeletal points in each frame.Finally,an Abnormal Action Inference Module(AAIM)evaluates whether abnormal fall-down or unauthorized trespass behavior is occurring.For fall-down recognition,three criteria—falling speed,main angles of skeletal points,and the person’s bounding box—are considered.To identify unauthorized trespass,emphasis is placed on the position of the ankles.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric power training.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)exhibit symptoms such as antecollis(AC)and camptocormia(CC).The pathology of these two conditions is unclear.Additionally,standard treatment methods have not been established.The article reports the case of a 65-year-old female patient with AC and CC who was treated with central and peripheral interventions to alleviate symptoms.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 65-year-old female PD patient with AC and CC.The course of the disease was 5 years.She was treated with rehabilitation strategies such as sensory tricks and trunk strength training.During the inpatient period,we compared and analyzed the patient's gait,rehabilitation assessment scale score,and angles of her abnormal trunk posture in the first week,the third week,and the fifth week.The patient's stride length increased,indicating that the patient's walking ability was improved.The Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale Part Three score and CC severity score decreased.Furthermore,the score of the other scale increased.In addition,the patient showed significant improvements in AC,upper CC,and lower CC angles.CONCLUSION This case study suggested that sensory tricks and trunk strength training are beneficial and safe for patients with AC and CC.
文摘The shot put is a sport that requires very high explosive power and precise technique.Strength training occupies the core position in the training of shot-putters,which can not only improve the throwing distance of athletes but also enhance their competitive state and prevent sports injuries.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the principles,classification,methods,and specific exercises of strength training in the training of shot-putters,in order to provide scientific training guidance for shot-putters.
文摘Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. Results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.
基金supported by the Minas Gerais State University (UEMG/Brazil)a Research Productivity Scholarship Program (UEMG-PQ08/2021)+1 种基金a doctorate scholarship from the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq/Brazil-Process140473/2020-3)a doctorate scholarship fromthe Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES/Brazil-Code 001)。
文摘Purpose:This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training(RT) volume on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.Methods:A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SciELO.Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation with a control group(CG) were included.Independent reviewers selected the studies,extracted the data,and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)) evaluations.Total body and abdominal adiposity,blood lipids,glucose,and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis.A random-effects model,standardized mean difference(Hedges’ g),and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used for meta-analysis.Results:Twenty randomized controlled trials(overall risk of bias:some concerns;GRADE:low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included.RT groups were divided into low-volume RT(LVRT,~44 sets/week) and high-volume RT(HVRT,~77 sets/week).Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation when compared to CG.However,HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose(HVRT=-1.19;95%CI:-1.63 to-0.74;LVRT=-0.78;95%CI:-1.15 to-0.41) and C-reactive protein(HVRT=-1.00;95%CI:-1.32 to-0.67;LVRT=-0.34;95%CI,-0.63 to-0.04)) when compared to CG.Conclusion:Compared to CG,HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
文摘Background:To investigate the effectiveness of the progressive resistance training(PRT)using thera band in improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:In this prospective study,12 MG patients with generalised stable disease performed progressive resistance training with thera band for four times per week for 24 weeks.The isometric muscle force of shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors using handheld dynamometer,Myasthenia Gravis Composite(MGC)score,Quantitative myasthenia gravis score(QMG),were assessed before and after the training period.Results:Progressive resistance training was well tolerated,and the isometric muscle strength was significantly improved in shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors(P<0.05).The disease course(QMG and MGC)was slowed down and improved(P<0.05).Conclusion:Progressive resistance training is effective in improving muscle strength specifically in most affected muscles in MG.
文摘In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necessary to effectively fix the pelvic position in the process of exercise,so that the core stability,balance,and coordination of athletes can be improved.The training process of the 100-meter event is mainly an anaerobic metabolic exercise,it is necessary to ensure that athletes maintain a high level of physical readiness during the exercises and concentrate highly on their core strength,so that they can achieve excellent results.This paper analyzes the core strength training for the 100-meter event in track and field sports,discusses its importance,and puts forward specific training methods,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant researchers.
文摘Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes: an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation (i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.), how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels (macro, meso, and micro) such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized.
文摘The elderly population in Brazil has been growing exponentially according to data presented by the IBGE. It is estimated that by 2025 the population will have reached 32 million, placing the country sixth in the world in the population of elderly people. To assess the results of respiratory training associated with functional training on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and functionality of the elderly. The sample was composed of 40 elderlies, divided into four groups, the experimental group with functional training, one experimental group with functional training associated with respiratory training, one experimental group with respiratory training, and the fourth group, the control group. After the initial and final evaluations, the variables measured were: The Breathing Test, Sit to Stand Test, the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Spirometry. Twenty appointments were conducted twice a week. There were significant differences for variables maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure;more accentuated in the associated group when compared to the respiratory group;forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity were meaningful in the associated group;peak expiratory flow means values increased after the intervention;in the six-minute walk test, we noticed a trend to increase values after the intervention. Functional training as well as associated respiratory muscle training provide the most beneficial changes compared only to functional and respiratory training. Therefore, this may be an effective clinical training method for patients’ elderly.
文摘Background:Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel,including inducing neck and back pain.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1)the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2)muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft personnel.Methods:Eighteen participants underwent 12 weeks of functional strength training(n=12)or the control protocol(n=6)without additional strength training.Pre-and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles,flexion,and lateral flexion and rotation,as well as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to measure the volume of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius,and deep neck muscles.Furthermore,during a long-arm centrifuge(+1.4 and+3Gz)protocol,the muscular activity levels of the m.sternocleidomastoideus,m.trapezius and m.erector spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet,with a helmet,and with a helmet and night vision goggles.Each participant’s perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge protocol.Results:The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group(P<0.05).Relative muscle activity(%MVC)with a helmet decreased after the intervention in the training but not the control group(P=0.01).Relative muscle activity while wearing a helmet and night vision goggles was higher after intervention in the control group than in the training group(P<0.01).The perceived muscular strain of the neck muscles induced by the long-arm centrifuge did not differ between the groups.Conclusions:Twelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder muscles and leads to lower relative muscle activation upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in a long-arm centrifuge.
文摘This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on serum growth hormone secretion response after strength training in young men who did not regularly engage in high intensity exercise. Ten healthy young males without workout habits (age: 22.2 +/- 1.0 yr). Subjects performed biceps curl strength training after L-ornithine hydro- chloride and placebo ingestions. They participated in both of the above conditions randomly with a week interval in between. Serum growth hormone and ornithine levels were measured before L-ornithine hydrochloride or placebo ingestions and at 30 minutes after strength training. Serum growth hormone and ornithine level were measured. A change magnitude of serum growth hormone was significantly larger in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition than in the placebo condition, and the effect size was also large (t = 1.91, p = .044, ES = .75). A significant interaction (F = 280.98, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.96) was found in serum ornithine and a multiple comparison test showed that it was greater in the L-ornithine hydrochloride condition. Serum growth hormone level after strength training increases by L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion in untrained young males.
文摘BACKGROUND The clinical role of perioperative respiratory muscle training(RMT),including inspiratory muscle training(IMT)and expiratory muscle training(EMT)in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery remains unclear up to now.AIM To evaluate whether perioperative RMT is effective in improving postoperative outcomes such as the respiratory muscle strength and physical activity level of patients receiving lung surgery.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE(via OVID),Web of Science,Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)were systematically searched to obtain eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Primary outcome was postoperative respiratory muscle strength expressed as the maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP)and maximal expiratory pressure(MEP).Secondary outcomes were physical activity,exercise capacity,including the 6-min walking distance and peak oxygen consumption during the cardio-pulmonary exercise test,pulmonary function and the quality of life.RESULTS Seven studies involving 240 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.Among them,four studies focused on IMT and the other three studies focused on RMT,one of which included IMT,EMT and also combined RMT(IMT-EMT-RMT).Three studies applied the intervention postoperative,one study preoperative and the other three studies included both pre-and postoperative training.For primary outcomes,the pooled results indicated that perioperative RMT improved the postoperative MIP(mean=8.13 cmH_(2)O,95%CI:1.31 to 14.95,P=0.02)and tended to increase MEP(mean=13.51 cmH_(2)O,95%CI:-4.47 to 31.48,P=0.14).For secondary outcomes,perioperative RMT enhanced postoperative physical activity significantly(P=0.006)and a trend of improved postoperative pulmonary function was observed.CONCLUSION Perioperative RMT enhanced postoperative respiratory muscle strength and physical activity level of patients receiving lung surgery.However,RCTs with large samples are needed to evaluate effects of perioperative RMT on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing lung surgery.
基金the University of Jaen for its support to the present study
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to describe the acute effects of 2 different high-intensity intermittent trainings(HIITs) on postural control,countermovement jump(CMJ),squat jump(SJ),and stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) utilisation,and to compare the changes induced by both protocols in those variables in endurance runners.Methods:Eighteen recreationally trained endurance runners participated in this study and were tested on 2 occasions:10 runs of 400 m with 90 s recovery between running bouts(10×400 m),and 40 runs of 100 m with 30 s recovery between runs(40 × 100 m).Heart rate was monitored during both HIITs;blood lactate accumulation and rate of perceived exertion were recorded after both protocols.Vertical jump ability(CMJ and SJ) and SSC together with postural control were also controlled during both HIITs.Results:Repeated measures analysis revealed a significan improvement in CMJ and SJ during 10 × 400 m(p〈0.05),whilst no significan changes were observed during 40×100 m.Indexes related to SSC did not experience significan changes during any of the protocols.As for postural control,no significan changes were observed in the 40×100 m protocol,whilst significan impairments were observed during the 10×400 m protocol(p〈0.05).Conclusion:A protocol with a higher number of shorter runs(40×100 m) induced different changes in those neuromuscular parameters than those with fewer and longer runs(10×400 m).Whereas the 40×100 m protocol did not cause any significan changes in vertical jump ability,postural control or SSC utilisation,the 10×400 m protocol impaired postural control and caused improvements in vertical jumping tests.
基金TheKeyProblemTacklingProjectinHunanProvince! (No .Izf 9831)
文摘The paper introduces some technology for training, simulation, restoration expert system of power grid, the structure of the system including function composition, hardware and software composition are discussed, knowledge representation and the method to establish device graphical library for expert system are given, the fault setting and diagnosis for training and simulation as well as restoration technology with deep first searching arithmetic and heuristic inference are presented. The research provides a good base for developing the training, simulation, restoration system of power companies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.60472089)
文摘Data Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) scheme outperforms the traditional su-perimposed training by fully canceling the effects of unknown data in channel estimator.In DDST,however,the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection or channel equalization performance are affected significantly by the amount of power allocated to data and superimposed training sequence,which is the motivation of this research.In general,for DDST,there is a tradeoff between the channel estimation accuracy and the data detection reliability,i.e.,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more reliable the data detection;on the other hand,the more accurate the channel estimation,the more demanding on the power consumption of training sequence,which in turn leads to the less reliable data detection.In this paper,the relationship between the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of the data detector and the training sequence power is analyzed.The optimal power allocation of the training sequence is derived based on the criterion of maximizing SNR of the detector.Analysis and simulation results show that for a fixed transmit power,the SNR and the Symbol Error Rate(SER) of detector vary nonlinearly with the increasing of training sequence power,and there exists an optimal power ratio,which accords with the derived optimal power ratio,among the data and training sequence.
文摘An approach of training working staff of power system operation mode based on state evaluation is proposed. In terms of knowledge features of power system operation mode, we studied a training method based on evaluation of learning state. This training method makes individual learning for different individual condition to give them ability to grasp learning points quickly, evaluate real-time learning effect, update learning style in time and summarize problems after one learning stage, so that learners can master professional knowledge in constant summaries and feedbacks. Obvious effects can be obtained on discontinuous learning time that trainees can master basic theories associated with their working and operations adapted to practical work quickly.
文摘This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship's automated power management system meets International Convention STCW (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping) 78 (with Manila amendments 2010) requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship's automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship's equipment (high voltage installations included) and means of automation. The simulator's complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists (mechanics and electricians) by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship's electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator's complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator's complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eight weeks of aerobic high-intensity interval training with roller ski is effective in cross-country skiers. 10 male (age, 18.28 ± 2.1 years; height, 171.26 ± 4.12 cm; weight 61.39 ± 6.28 kg) and 8 female (age, 16.05 ± 0.3 years; height, 158.3 ± 6.47 cm; weight, 49.34 ± 0.7 kg) junior cross country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed a 2 × 2-kin all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake), anaerobic power, and also for 2-km roller ski. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean (± SD), significant level, and percentage changes (%). Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-kin roller ski performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups (P 〈 0.005). With reference to the training effects found in our study, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.
文摘In 1979, unavailability of MFWS (Main Feedwater System) in TMI (Three Mile Island) Unit-2 happened in the United States. To make it worse, due to malfunction of Isolation Control Valves in AFWS (Auxiliary Feedwater System), the supply of cooling water to SGs (Steam Generators) was delayed approximately 8 minutes compared to AOP (Abnormal Operating Procedure). In the long run, on account of deferred heat sink provision to SGs, the reactor core was melted partially. It was the first critical accident in the US commercial NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) history. Hence, after TMI Accident, US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Committee) suggested more than one hundred alternatives to improve safety and reliability of NPP. Among these countermeasures, one proposal was related to training area. It was SAT (Systematic Approach to Training) methodology. Therefore, the goal of SAT is the enhancement of NPP stability through training point of view. Since the appearance of SAT in the nuclear industry, it has acquired the unwavering position in the US NPP training field. Meanwhile, significance of NPP decommissioning has been soared up in South Korea since the announcement of Kori Unit-1 decommissioning decision. According to the proclaimed plan from Korean government, Kori Unit-1 is scheduled to be decommissioned from June, 2017. Under this circumstance, nurturing sufficient number of NPP decommissioning engineers is one of the most urgent issues in South Korean nuclear industry. Hence, to elevate efficiency and consistency of training quality, SAT methodology can be a reliable solution for the training of decommissioning engineers. For this reason, the present study aims to design SAT based NPP decommissioning engineer training in South Korea.