2D nanosheets such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, metal dichalcogenides and MXenes are emerging and promising for lithium storage due to their ultrathin nature and corresponding chemical/physical properties. Howe...2D nanosheets such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, metal dichalcogenides and MXenes are emerging and promising for lithium storage due to their ultrathin nature and corresponding chemical/physical properties. However, the serious restacking and aggregation of the 2D nanosheets are still hampering their applications. To circumvent the issues of 2D nanosheets, one efficient strategy is to construct 3D structures with hierarchical porous structures, good chemical/mechanical stabilities and tunable electrical conductivities. In this review, we firstly focus on the available synthetic approaches of 3D structures from 2D nanosheets, and then summarize the relationships between the microstructures of 3D structures built from 2D nanosheets and their electrochemical behaviors for lithium storage. On the basis of above results, some challenges are briefly discussed in the perspective of the development of various functional 3D structures.展开更多
A novel crystal [（CH3O）2CO]3Li2[C2BF2O4]2 was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, P2Jn space group, with a = 8.1749（2）,...A novel crystal [（CH3O）2CO]3Li2[C2BF2O4]2 was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, P2Jn space group, with a = 8.1749（2）, b = 10.7449（2）, c = 12.8665（3） A, βl = 94.654（2）°, V= 1126.45（4） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.644 g/cm, F（000） = 568, p = 1.498 mm^-1, Mr= 557.77 g/mol, the final R = 0.0334 and wR = 0.0903. The structure analysis revealed that each Li atom is three-coordinated and adopts 1.5 O atoms of two different dimethyl carbonates and one O atom of C2BF2O4-. Thermal stability and infrared spectra analysis were studied and discussed.展开更多
Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-b...Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low cost.Currently,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow battery.Their development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery configurations.In this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries.Then we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and prospects.The bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly analyzed.Combined with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.展开更多
The challenges facing electric vehicles with respect to driving range and safety make the design of a lightweight and safe battery pack a critical issue.This study proposes a multifunctional structural battery system ...The challenges facing electric vehicles with respect to driving range and safety make the design of a lightweight and safe battery pack a critical issue.This study proposes a multifunctional structural battery system comprising cylindrical battery cells and a surrounding lightweight lattice metamaterial.The lattice density distribution was optimized via topological optimization to minimize stress on the battery during compression.Surrounding a single 18650 cylindrical battery cell,non-uniform lattices were designed featuring areas of increased density in an X-shaped pattern and then fabricated by additive manufacturing using stainless steel powders.Compression testing of the assembled structural battery system revealed that the stronger lattice units in the X-shaped lattice pattern resisted deformation and helped delay the emergence of a battery short circuit.Specifically,the short circuit of the structural battery based on a variable-density patterned lattice was∼166%later than that with a uniform-density lattice.Finite element simulation results for structural battery systems comprising nine battery cells indicate that superior battery protection is achieved in specially packed batteries via non-uniform lattices with an interconnected network of stronger lattices.The proposed structural battery systems featuring non-uniform lattices will shed light on the next generation of lightweight and impact-resistant electric vehicle designs.展开更多
Lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4）/lithium manganese phosphate （LiMnPO4）-positive material was suc- cessfully prepared through ball milling and high-temperature sintering using manganese acetate, lithium hydroxide, ...Lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4）/lithium manganese phosphate （LiMnPO4）-positive material was suc- cessfully prepared through ball milling and high-temperature sintering using manganese acetate, lithium hydroxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and ferrous oxalate as raw materials. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning elec- tron microscopy, a constant current charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of lithium iron phosphate coating were also discussed. Because of its special core-shell structure, the as-prepared LiMn0.TFe0.3PO4-LiFeP04-C exhibits excellent electro- chemical performance. The discharge capacity reached 136.6 mAh/g and the specific discharge energy reached 506.9 Wh/kg at a rate of 0.1 C.展开更多
ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres were successfully produced through a facile aging process of zinc citrate solid microspheres in copper sulfate solution combined with the subsequent annealing treatment in air atmos...ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres were successfully produced through a facile aging process of zinc citrate solid microspheres in copper sulfate solution combined with the subsequent annealing treatment in air atmosphere. The electrochemical performance investigation suggests that the harvested ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres illustrate much higher specific capacity and better cycling stability than single ZnO counterparts. A reversible capacity of 585 mAh·g^-1 can be acquired for ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres after cycling 500 times at a current density of 200 mA·g^-1. The porous configuration and the incorporation of CuO are responsible for the enhanced lithium storage properties of ZnO–CuO hybrids.展开更多
Animal bone was employed as raw material to prepare hierarchical porous carbon by KOH activation. Rare metal selenium（Se） was encapsulated into hierarchical porous carbon successfully for the cathode material of Li...Animal bone was employed as raw material to prepare hierarchical porous carbon by KOH activation. Rare metal selenium（Se） was encapsulated into hierarchical porous carbon successfully for the cathode material of Li–Se battery, achieving the transformation of waste into energy,protecting environment and reducing the spread of the disease. Animal bone porous carbon（ABPC） acquires a specific surface area of 1244.7903 m^2·g^-1 and a pore volume of 0.594184 cm^3·g^-1. The composite Se/ABPC with 51 wt%Se was tested as a novel cathode for Li–Se batteries. The results show that Se/ABPC exhibits high specific capacity,good cycling stability and current-rate performance; at 0.1C,the composite Se/ABPC delivers a high reversible capacity of 705 mAh·g^-1 in the second cycle and 591 mAh·g^-1 after 98 cycles. Even at the current density of 2.0C, it can still maintain at a reversible capacity of 485 mAh·g^-1. The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the high electron conductivity and the carbon with unique hierarchical porous structure. ABPC can be a promising carbon matrix for Li–Se batteries.展开更多
Li–S and Li–Se batteries have attracted tremendous attention during the past several decades, as the energy density of Li–S and Li–Se batteries is high（several times higher than that of traditional Li-ion batter...Li–S and Li–Se batteries have attracted tremendous attention during the past several decades, as the energy density of Li–S and Li–Se batteries is high（several times higher than that of traditional Li-ion batteries）.Besides, Li–S and Li–Se batteries are low cost and environmental benign. However, the commercial applications of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are hindered by the dissolution and shuttle phenomena of polysulfide（polyselenium）, the low conductivity of S（Se）, etc. To overcome these drawbacks, scientists have come up with various methods, such as optimizing the electrolyte, synthesizing composite electrode of S/polymer, S/carbon, S/metal organic framework（MOF） and constructing novelty structure of battery.In this review, we present a systematic introduction about the recent progress of Li–S and Li–Se batteries, especially in the area of electrode materials, both of cathode material and anode material for Li–S and Li–Se batteries. In addition, other methods to lead a high-performance Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also briefly summarized, such as constructing novelty battery structure, adopting proper charge–discharge conditions, heteroatom doping into sulfur molecules, using different kinds of electrolytes and binders. In the end of the review, the developed directions of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also pointed out. We believe that combining proper porous carbon matrix and heteroatom doping may further improve the electrochemical performance of Li–S and Li–Se batteries. We also believe that Li–S and Li–Se batteries will get more exciting results and have promising future by the effort of battery community.展开更多
Shuttle effect is one of the most serious disadvantages in lithium-sulfur battery which results in poor cycle performance and hinders the commercialization of Li-S battery.To reduce the dissolution of polysulfides int...Shuttle effect is one of the most serious disadvantages in lithium-sulfur battery which results in poor cycle performance and hinders the commercialization of Li-S battery.To reduce the dissolution of polysulfides into the electrolyte and prolong the cycling stability,nanoparticle-stacked metal nitride derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs)as an interlayer was inserted between sulfur cathode and separator to confine polysulfides by physical and chemical interactions.Meanwhile,the surface of metal nitride will form an oxide passivation layer.The passivation layer possesses hydrophilic metal-O group and provides a polar surface for strong binding with polysulfide.What’s more,the nanoparticlesstacked structure could immerge and retain electrolyte well,which could enhance the ability of promoting the electron exchange rate.The sulfur electrode with nanoparticle-stacked metal nitride interlayer has an excellent cycle performance owing to the interactions between metal nitride and polysulfides.The battery delivered an initial capacity of 764.6 m Ahg^(-1) and still possesses a capacity of 477.5 mAhg^(-1) with the retention of 62.4% after 800 cycles.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.51572007 and 51622203),"Recruitment Program of Global Experts"
文摘2D nanosheets such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, metal dichalcogenides and MXenes are emerging and promising for lithium storage due to their ultrathin nature and corresponding chemical/physical properties. However, the serious restacking and aggregation of the 2D nanosheets are still hampering their applications. To circumvent the issues of 2D nanosheets, one efficient strategy is to construct 3D structures with hierarchical porous structures, good chemical/mechanical stabilities and tunable electrical conductivities. In this review, we firstly focus on the available synthetic approaches of 3D structures from 2D nanosheets, and then summarize the relationships between the microstructures of 3D structures built from 2D nanosheets and their electrochemical behaviors for lithium storage. On the basis of above results, some challenges are briefly discussed in the perspective of the development of various functional 3D structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(210011111)
文摘A novel crystal [（CH3O）2CO]3Li2[C2BF2O4]2 was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, P2Jn space group, with a = 8.1749（2）, b = 10.7449（2）, c = 12.8665（3） A, βl = 94.654（2）°, V= 1126.45（4） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.644 g/cm, F（000） = 568, p = 1.498 mm^-1, Mr= 557.77 g/mol, the final R = 0.0334 and wR = 0.0903. The structure analysis revealed that each Li atom is three-coordinated and adopts 1.5 O atoms of two different dimethyl carbonates and one O atom of C2BF2O4-. Thermal stability and infrared spectra analysis were studied and discussed.
基金supported by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078313,21925804)+1 种基金Free exploring basic research project of Liaoning(2022JH6/100100005)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019182)。
文摘Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low cost.Currently,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow battery.Their development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery configurations.In this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries.Then we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and prospects.The bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly analyzed.Combined with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.11872099 and 11902015)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0103703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Beihang University.
文摘The challenges facing electric vehicles with respect to driving range and safety make the design of a lightweight and safe battery pack a critical issue.This study proposes a multifunctional structural battery system comprising cylindrical battery cells and a surrounding lightweight lattice metamaterial.The lattice density distribution was optimized via topological optimization to minimize stress on the battery during compression.Surrounding a single 18650 cylindrical battery cell,non-uniform lattices were designed featuring areas of increased density in an X-shaped pattern and then fabricated by additive manufacturing using stainless steel powders.Compression testing of the assembled structural battery system revealed that the stronger lattice units in the X-shaped lattice pattern resisted deformation and helped delay the emergence of a battery short circuit.Specifically,the short circuit of the structural battery based on a variable-density patterned lattice was∼166%later than that with a uniform-density lattice.Finite element simulation results for structural battery systems comprising nine battery cells indicate that superior battery protection is achieved in specially packed batteries via non-uniform lattices with an interconnected network of stronger lattices.The proposed structural battery systems featuring non-uniform lattices will shed light on the next generation of lightweight and impact-resistant electric vehicle designs.
基金Financial support from the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. KGCX2-YW-341） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 21376247, 21573240） is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Lithium iron phosphate （LiFePO4）/lithium manganese phosphate （LiMnPO4）-positive material was suc- cessfully prepared through ball milling and high-temperature sintering using manganese acetate, lithium hydroxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and ferrous oxalate as raw materials. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning elec- tron microscopy, a constant current charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of lithium iron phosphate coating were also discussed. Because of its special core-shell structure, the as-prepared LiMn0.TFe0.3PO4-LiFeP04-C exhibits excellent electro- chemical performance. The discharge capacity reached 136.6 mAh/g and the specific discharge energy reached 506.9 Wh/kg at a rate of 0.1 C.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0202602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51371154 and 51571167)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2017J05087)
文摘ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres were successfully produced through a facile aging process of zinc citrate solid microspheres in copper sulfate solution combined with the subsequent annealing treatment in air atmosphere. The electrochemical performance investigation suggests that the harvested ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres illustrate much higher specific capacity and better cycling stability than single ZnO counterparts. A reversible capacity of 585 mAh·g^-1 can be acquired for ZnO–CuO porous hybrid microspheres after cycling 500 times at a current density of 200 mA·g^-1. The porous configuration and the incorporation of CuO are responsible for the enhanced lithium storage properties of ZnO–CuO hybrids.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51272156,21373137 and 21333007)the City Committee of Science and Technology Project of Shanghai(No.14JC1491800)the New Century Excellent Talents in University(Nos.NCET-13-0371)
文摘Animal bone was employed as raw material to prepare hierarchical porous carbon by KOH activation. Rare metal selenium（Se） was encapsulated into hierarchical porous carbon successfully for the cathode material of Li–Se battery, achieving the transformation of waste into energy,protecting environment and reducing the spread of the disease. Animal bone porous carbon（ABPC） acquires a specific surface area of 1244.7903 m^2·g^-1 and a pore volume of 0.594184 cm^3·g^-1. The composite Se/ABPC with 51 wt%Se was tested as a novel cathode for Li–Se batteries. The results show that Se/ABPC exhibits high specific capacity,good cycling stability and current-rate performance; at 0.1C,the composite Se/ABPC delivers a high reversible capacity of 705 mAh·g^-1 in the second cycle and 591 mAh·g^-1 after 98 cycles. Even at the current density of 2.0C, it can still maintain at a reversible capacity of 485 mAh·g^-1. The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the high electron conductivity and the carbon with unique hierarchical porous structure. ABPC can be a promising carbon matrix for Li–Se batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21373195 and 51622210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK3430000004)
文摘Li–S and Li–Se batteries have attracted tremendous attention during the past several decades, as the energy density of Li–S and Li–Se batteries is high（several times higher than that of traditional Li-ion batteries）.Besides, Li–S and Li–Se batteries are low cost and environmental benign. However, the commercial applications of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are hindered by the dissolution and shuttle phenomena of polysulfide（polyselenium）, the low conductivity of S（Se）, etc. To overcome these drawbacks, scientists have come up with various methods, such as optimizing the electrolyte, synthesizing composite electrode of S/polymer, S/carbon, S/metal organic framework（MOF） and constructing novelty structure of battery.In this review, we present a systematic introduction about the recent progress of Li–S and Li–Se batteries, especially in the area of electrode materials, both of cathode material and anode material for Li–S and Li–Se batteries. In addition, other methods to lead a high-performance Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also briefly summarized, such as constructing novelty battery structure, adopting proper charge–discharge conditions, heteroatom doping into sulfur molecules, using different kinds of electrolytes and binders. In the end of the review, the developed directions of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also pointed out. We believe that combining proper porous carbon matrix and heteroatom doping may further improve the electrochemical performance of Li–S and Li–Se batteries. We also believe that Li–S and Li–Se batteries will get more exciting results and have promising future by the effort of battery community.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21701043,51402100,50702020,21573066 and 81171461)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2016JJ1006,2016TP1009 and 11JJ4013)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province
文摘Shuttle effect is one of the most serious disadvantages in lithium-sulfur battery which results in poor cycle performance and hinders the commercialization of Li-S battery.To reduce the dissolution of polysulfides into the electrolyte and prolong the cycling stability,nanoparticle-stacked metal nitride derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs)as an interlayer was inserted between sulfur cathode and separator to confine polysulfides by physical and chemical interactions.Meanwhile,the surface of metal nitride will form an oxide passivation layer.The passivation layer possesses hydrophilic metal-O group and provides a polar surface for strong binding with polysulfide.What’s more,the nanoparticlesstacked structure could immerge and retain electrolyte well,which could enhance the ability of promoting the electron exchange rate.The sulfur electrode with nanoparticle-stacked metal nitride interlayer has an excellent cycle performance owing to the interactions between metal nitride and polysulfides.The battery delivered an initial capacity of 764.6 m Ahg^(-1) and still possesses a capacity of 477.5 mAhg^(-1) with the retention of 62.4% after 800 cycles.
