Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out ex...Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out existing empirical values and trends in the digitization process of the building sector.It highlights the unintended consequences of technological development and offers concrete practical approaches for responsible use.Using the qualitative research method,the study concludes that digital methods,such as Building Information Modelling(BIM)and Digital Twins,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)can add value,significantly reduce resources and increase sustainability.The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0;it identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates the pillars of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the Construction Industry.The holistic,interdisciplinary view of this study aims to provide orientation for small to medium-sized companies(SMEs)developing their individual digital strategy.An outline of the necessary prerequisites but also design options,as they result from the evaluation of expert interviews and literature research,supports companies in the design of Construction 4.0 that is in line with the needs of people,society and the environment and shaping more economically efficient building life cycles.It highlights that digital transformation has also reached the traditionally small-scale AEC industry(small-scale architecture,engineering and construction industry)and catalyzes the variety of innovations.展开更多
Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiat...Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased technical,environmental,educational,societal and gender equality sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also to recognize the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence(AI).The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0.This identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry,in which there can be no standardized procedure.The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews.The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction.Application examples show possible approaches,some of which are implemented as prototypes and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies.The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods.Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts.The study results show new perspectives on the transformation of the Construction Industry.They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical,efficient construction life cycle,but requires the responsible,sensible use of innovative technologies.展开更多
To make high integrity lightweight metal castings,best practices are required in various stages of casting and heat treatment processes,including liquid metal composition and quality control,casting and gating/riser s...To make high integrity lightweight metal castings,best practices are required in various stages of casting and heat treatment processes,including liquid metal composition and quality control,casting and gating/riser system design,and process optimization.This paper presents best practices for liquid metal processing and quality assurance of molten metal in both melting and mold filling.Best practices for other aspects of lightweight metal casting will be published separately.展开更多
Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation f...Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.展开更多
ZTE Corporation announced on February 9 that it had received the Best Practice Award for being Frost ＆ Sullivan＇s ＂2010 SDR Equipment Vendor of the Year.＂ This award recognizes ZTE＇s outstanding contribution to t...ZTE Corporation announced on February 9 that it had received the Best Practice Award for being Frost ＆ Sullivan＇s ＂2010 SDR Equipment Vendor of the Year.＂ This award recognizes ZTE＇s outstanding contribution to the development of Software Defined Radio （SDR） technology and the wireless communications industry.展开更多
The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizatio... The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizations around the world participated, including those from Shell China Ltd., Leal China, Siemens Ltd. China Corporate, and Assurance of SAI Global and SGS . Nine experts, engaged in standardization, intellectual property, and related fields, gave speeches on "Standards and Best Practices," and many illustrative examples of the application of standards were provided.……展开更多
This paper provides <span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">analysis and a description of the best practices and lessons learned in the imp...This paper provides <span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">analysis and a description of the best practices and lessons learned in the implementation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Global Framework for Climate S</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ervices Adaptation Program in Africa (GFCS-APA) focusing on Tanzania </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coun</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">try</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> activities. GFCS-APA was the first multi-agency initiative imple</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mented </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">under the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) in two African</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> countries, namely Tanzania and Malawi with funding from the Royal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Govern</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment of Norway. In Tanzania, the programme was implemented in two</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phases from the year 2014 to 2021 in the three pilot districts of Kondoa, Longido and Kiteto located in Dodoma, Arusha and Manyara regions</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spectively. The overarching goal of the programme was to enable bette</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r management of the risks caused by climate variability and change at all levels, from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">end-users to policy level, through development and incorporation of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> science</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">based climate in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">formation and prediction services into planning, policy and practice. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> programme focused on bridging the gap between provider</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">users of climate information and products through development of us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er-driven climate services for food security, health and disaster risk reduction. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This paper aimed to analyze lessons learned and best practices in the course of the implementation of the GFCS</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">APA phase I and II in Tanzania. A qualitative approach was employed to analyze the lessons learned and best practices, by extracting them and exploring further </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their contribution </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">enhancement of climate services, as well as their applicability and potentiality for scaling out in other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">regions </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in Tanzania, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other countries. The results indicate the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">identified best practices and lessons learned contributed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significantly in enhancing climate services, particularly in understanding, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">availability, accessibility, utilization, ownership and sustainability of climate services among users (farmers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and pastoralists) of various gender, as well as intermediaries and deci</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sion</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ma</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kers. Results also indicate the lessons learned and the documented best prac</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tices could influence </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effectiveness of climate services in other areas, to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ad</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dress existing challenges in access, uptake and sustainability of climate ser</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vices. The best practices and lessons learned could be considered for integration in the future projects or operational activities in other regions within the coun</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">try and other countries, particularly in the developing world, including </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sub-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saharan Africa.</span>展开更多
During the last decade,sustainability-related technologies and practices have become increasingly common among construction companies,both in the home office and on the job site.Multiple drivers are fueling this trend...During the last decade,sustainability-related technologies and practices have become increasingly common among construction companies,both in the home office and on the job site.Multiple drivers are fueling this trend,including government policies for sustainability in capital projects and increased recognition of the benefits of sustainable practices in the private sector.However,the extent to which sustainability-related technologies and practices have been adopted by companies in the field has not been systematically documented.This study used semi-structured interviews and field observations to document the sustainability-related practices of 28 construction firms in the eastern United States.The purpose of the study was to benchmark current industry use of construction sustainability best practices.Findings of the study show that most firms have tried sustainability practices in the field on at least some of their projects,sometimes without being aware that those practices were related to sustainability.Considerable variation was observed among self-reported trial and adoption rates across the practices in the inventory.This study serves as a first step toward understanding why some sustainability innovations are being embraced more readily than others,and may lead to a better understanding of how to increase adoption of sustainability innovations.展开更多
Background:High-fidelity simulation has been demonstrated to make great progress in learning.However,there is still ongoing exploration on how to fully harness the advantages of this teaching method and enhance its ef...Background:High-fidelity simulation has been demonstrated to make great progress in learning.However,there is still ongoing exploration on how to fully harness the advantages of this teaching method and enhance its effectiveness.This study conducted high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing based on the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice and evaluated its effect.Methods:The study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020.A total of 82 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Shanghai participated in the high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing.The simulation design scale,educational practices in simulation scale,and students’satisfaction and self-confidence were used to evaluate the effect.Results:The mean score of simulation design scale was 4.06±0.63 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 3.0.The mean score of educational practices in simulation scale was 4.14±0.56 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 4.0.The mean scores of students’satisfaction and self-confidence were 4.07±0.72 and 3.89±0.58,respectively.Conclusion:Students reported high levels of simulation design and educational practices in simulation.They were also satisfied with learning and reported high levels of self-confidence.Some key points need to be considered so that the learning effects might be optimized.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has highlighted the practice of infectious diseases biobanking,as well as existing challenges and opportunities.Thus,the future of infectious diseases biobanking in the p...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has highlighted the practice of infectious diseases biobanking,as well as existing challenges and opportunities.Thus,the future of infectious diseases biobanking in the post-pandemic era,shall not be an“entry-level version”of its counterpart in non-communicable diseases and large population cohorts,but incorporate the lessons learned.Biobanks constitute a critical research infrastructure supported by harmonized practices through the implementation of international standards,and perceived within the broader scope of healthcare's intersection with research.This perspective paper considers the barriers in biobanking and standardization of practices,as well as the emerging opportunities in the field.展开更多
Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sedim...Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sediments retention basins are the small version of farm pond used where a criteria of farm pond is not met. Such basin traps the pollutants and suspended solids prior to entry into streams and lakes. The study is focused with special reference to the assessment and control of non point source pollution(NPSP) from the sub basin area of Tai Lake in the Xishan County of Wuxi City of China. The author suggested two different approaches to conduct this study including theoretical design for sedimentation retention basin and computation of flow, sediment transport and deposition during the artificial impoundment of retention basin for BMP's utilization. Theoretical design will provide a useful function as a first line defense against the movement of sediments and transport of pollutants into the Tai Lake while the assessment of sediments deposition will help to make its proper use and periodic cleanup.展开更多
Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds...Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.展开更多
Corporate governance represents institutional structures and incentive mechanisms that are implemented in order to mitigate the principal-agent problem and to thus promote the long-term competitiveness of the firm. Th...Corporate governance represents institutional structures and incentive mechanisms that are implemented in order to mitigate the principal-agent problem and to thus promote the long-term competitiveness of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of corporate governance best practice and the new listing rules in Sri Lanka. The paper discusses the evolution of the corporate governance best practice giving special reference to the new listing rules in Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan stock market overview and the importance of best practice governance for the developing economy of Sri Lanka. Corporate governance practices in Sri Lanka has made a progress towards best practice, but, this paper argues, that substantial reforms need to be implemented to effectively promote and sustain the accountability and transparency.展开更多
This article reviews and provides evaluation guidelines for six major storm water best management practices includingbioretention areas, grassed swales/fi lter strips, infi ltration trenches, porous pavement, rain bar...This article reviews and provides evaluation guidelines for six major storm water best management practices includingbioretention areas, grassed swales/fi lter strips, infi ltration trenches, porous pavement, rain barrels and wet detentionponds. A detailed table allows for quick and easy design comparisons, including a separate table which allows forsite specifi c cost comparisons. A logic diagram is provided as a basic tool for screening the most feasible managementpractice.展开更多
Purpose–In recent years,railway systems worldwide have faced challenges such as the modernization of engineering projects,efficient management of intelligent digital railway equipment,rapid growth in passenger and fr...Purpose–In recent years,railway systems worldwide have faced challenges such as the modernization of engineering projects,efficient management of intelligent digital railway equipment,rapid growth in passenger and freight transport demands,customized transport services and ubiquitous transport safety.The transformation toward intelligent digital transformation in railways has emerged as an effective response to the formidable challenges confronting the railway industry,thereby becoming an inevitable global trend in railway development.Design/methodology/approach–This paper,therefore,conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current state of global railway intelligent digital transformation,focusing on the characteristics and applications of intelligent digital transformation technology.It summarizes and analyzes relevant technologies and applicable scenarios in the realm of railway intelligent digital transformation,theoretically elucidating the development process of global railway intelligent digital transformation and,in practice,providing guidance and empirical examples for railway intelligence and digital transformation.Findings–Digital and intelligent technologies follow a wave-like pattern of continuous iterative evolution,progressing from the early stages,to a period of increasing attention and popularity,then to a phase of declining interest,followed by a resurgence and ultimately reaching a mature stage.Originality/value–The results offer reference and guidance to fully leverage the opportunities presented by the latest wave of the digitalization revolution,accelerate the overall upgrade of the railway industry and promote global collaborative development in railway intelligent digital transformation.展开更多
Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a ...Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a critical prerequisite for evaluating their impacts on water quantity and water quality in a complex system. However, limited research has reported about the representation of BMPs in fully distributed models. This paper presents a stepwise procedure for representation of several BMPs and assessment of their hydrologic impacts with a ful y distributed model, SEIM （Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling）. A case study is conducted in the 73 km2 Luoyugou watershed located in the Loess Plateau of China, where rainstorm erosion accounts for more than 60%of annual sediment load in average. Three BMPs are selected in this study including （i） conversion from farmland to forest, （i ） terrace, and （i i） no-til farming. These management practices are represented in the model through the alteration of model parameters characterizing their physical processes in the ifeld. The results of scenario assessment for a historical storm event showed that the maximum sediment reduction after terrace is about 97.3%, the average sediment reduction after no-till farming is about 9.5%, and the average sediment reduction after conversion from farmland to forest is 75.6%.展开更多
Information seekers are generally on their own to discover and use a research library’s growing array of digital col- lections, and coordination of these collections’ development and maintenance is often not optimal...Information seekers are generally on their own to discover and use a research library’s growing array of digital col- lections, and coordination of these collections’ development and maintenance is often not optimal. The frequent lack of a con- scious design for how collections fit together is of equal concern because it means that research libraries are not making the most of the substantial investments they are making in digital initiatives. This paper proposes a framework for a research library’s digital collections that offers integrated discovery and a set of best practices to underpin collection building, federated access, and sus- tainability. The framework’s purpose is to give information seekers a powerful and easy way to search across existing and future collections and to retrieve integrated sets of results. The paper and its recommendations are based upon research undertaken by the author and a team of librarians and technologists at Cornell University Library. The team conducted structured interviews of forty-five library staff members involved in digital collection building at Cornell, studied an inventory of the library’s more than fifty digital collections, and evaluated seven existing Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and federated search production or prototype systems. The author will discuss her team’s research and the rationale for their recommendations to: present a cohesive view of the library’s digital collections for both browsing and searching at the object level; take a programmatic (rather than project-based) approach to digital collection building; require that all new digital collections conform to library-developed and agreed-upon OAI best practices for data providers; and implement organizational structures to sustain the library’s digital collections over the long term.展开更多
This study suggests a theoretical component to the thus far proposed explanations of what makes a startup incubator successful in enabling entrepreneurial activity. Departing from a traditional focus on industry- and ...This study suggests a theoretical component to the thus far proposed explanations of what makes a startup incubator successful in enabling entrepreneurial activity. Departing from a traditional focus on industry- and nation-wide resources, we develop a framework of the critical success factors for a startup incubator and a scoring mechanism to evaluate the success of existing startup incubators using these factors. We score a selection of American and European incubators using the developed scoring mechanism and comparatively benchmark the European incubators against the American ones to identify areas for improvement. Our findings suggest that European incubators, while relatively strong overall, can look to and learn from their American counterparts in certain areas. Importantly, these improvement areas are not specific to characteristics of any individual European incubator, but to European incubators overall. Finally, we aim to expand this study to other entrepreneurship hubs worldwide and we outline a plan of action to enable this expansion.展开更多
In many countries, traffic volumes and the number of drivers are rising faster than the availability of police officers whose routine duties include traffic law enforcement. Automated traffic enforcement, which produc...In many countries, traffic volumes and the number of drivers are rising faster than the availability of police officers whose routine duties include traffic law enforcement. Automated traffic enforcement, which produces photographic evidence of vehicles detected speeding or running red lights, can be used to supplement traditional enforcement. In the United States and Canada, a number of individuals and organizations have been very vocal in their opposition to automated traffic enforcement. They argue that automated enforcement programs are unnecessary for improving road safety, that they unfairly target relatively good drivers, and that they are motivated by revenue generation rather than safety. These arguments, however, often ignore the numerous peer-reviewed studies that have found real-world benefits in communities that use automated enforcement---cameras deter would-be violators, reduce crashes, and save lives. Solid, published research by a number of experts demonstrates that red light cameras save lives, and speed cameras substantially reduce speeding and speed-related crashes. Surveys of drivers and other road users indicate widespread support for automated enforcement. With regard to fairness, the objective of photo enforcement is to deter violations, not to surreptitiously catch violators. The more public the enforcement is, the better. If anything, automated enforcement programs improve fairness by reducing the potential for prejudicial enforcement. Finally, photo enforcement is intended to improve traffic safety by modifying the driver behaviors that lead to crashes, and it is reasonable to expect that people who break the law should pay for enforcing it. Ticket revenue should decline overtime as the cameras succeed in deterring would-be speeders and red light runners. This paper provides research-based responses to the critics＇ arguments as well as best practice guidelines for effective automated enforcement programs.展开更多
文摘Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out existing empirical values and trends in the digitization process of the building sector.It highlights the unintended consequences of technological development and offers concrete practical approaches for responsible use.Using the qualitative research method,the study concludes that digital methods,such as Building Information Modelling(BIM)and Digital Twins,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)can add value,significantly reduce resources and increase sustainability.The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0;it identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates the pillars of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the Construction Industry.The holistic,interdisciplinary view of this study aims to provide orientation for small to medium-sized companies(SMEs)developing their individual digital strategy.An outline of the necessary prerequisites but also design options,as they result from the evaluation of expert interviews and literature research,supports companies in the design of Construction 4.0 that is in line with the needs of people,society and the environment and shaping more economically efficient building life cycles.It highlights that digital transformation has also reached the traditionally small-scale AEC industry(small-scale architecture,engineering and construction industry)and catalyzes the variety of innovations.
文摘Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased technical,environmental,educational,societal and gender equality sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also to recognize the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence(AI).The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0.This identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry,in which there can be no standardized procedure.The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews.The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction.Application examples show possible approaches,some of which are implemented as prototypes and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies.The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods.Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts.The study results show new perspectives on the transformation of the Construction Industry.They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical,efficient construction life cycle,but requires the responsible,sensible use of innovative technologies.
文摘To make high integrity lightweight metal castings,best practices are required in various stages of casting and heat treatment processes,including liquid metal composition and quality control,casting and gating/riser system design,and process optimization.This paper presents best practices for liquid metal processing and quality assurance of molten metal in both melting and mold filling.Best practices for other aspects of lightweight metal casting will be published separately.
文摘Hospitality industry and hotels are considered to waste a lot of food.This research aims to focus on food waste management in luxury hotels by investigating three luxury hotels in Budapest(Hungary).The investigation focuses on qualitative methods,eleven interviews and observations were made from September to December 2018.Results show that in luxury hotels the main challenge is to ensure the correct balance between 5*experience and minimizing food waste.It was found that kitchen,breakfast open-buffet and staff canteen are among the leading causes of food waste,generating even higher food waste compared to conferences,banquets,orála carte options.While a broad range of practices exist that are believed to minimize the food waste of buffets,most of the luxury hotels are only implementing a small ratio of such practices and are only in the beginning of the planning phase to expand their practices in this regard.
文摘ZTE Corporation announced on February 9 that it had received the Best Practice Award for being Frost ＆ Sullivan＇s ＂2010 SDR Equipment Vendor of the Year.＂ This award recognizes ZTE＇s outstanding contribution to the development of Software Defined Radio （SDR） technology and the wireless communications industry.
文摘 The "Application of Standards for Equipment-Manufacturing Industry Workshop" was held for two days in Shanghai from May 25th to May 26th, 2007. Dozens of delegates from famous enterprises and organizations around the world participated, including those from Shell China Ltd., Leal China, Siemens Ltd. China Corporate, and Assurance of SAI Global and SGS . Nine experts, engaged in standardization, intellectual property, and related fields, gave speeches on "Standards and Best Practices," and many illustrative examples of the application of standards were provided.……
文摘This paper provides <span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">analysis and a description of the best practices and lessons learned in the implementation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Global Framework for Climate S</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ervices Adaptation Program in Africa (GFCS-APA) focusing on Tanzania </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coun</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">try</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> activities. GFCS-APA was the first multi-agency initiative imple</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mented </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">under the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) in two African</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> countries, namely Tanzania and Malawi with funding from the Royal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Govern</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment of Norway. In Tanzania, the programme was implemented in two</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> phases from the year 2014 to 2021 in the three pilot districts of Kondoa, Longido and Kiteto located in Dodoma, Arusha and Manyara regions</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spectively. The overarching goal of the programme was to enable bette</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r management of the risks caused by climate variability and change at all levels, from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">end-users to policy level, through development and incorporation of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> science</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">based climate in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">formation and prediction services into planning, policy and practice. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> programme focused on bridging the gap between provider</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">users of climate information and products through development of us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er-driven climate services for food security, health and disaster risk reduction. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This paper aimed to analyze lessons learned and best practices in the course of the implementation of the GFCS</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">APA phase I and II in Tanzania. A qualitative approach was employed to analyze the lessons learned and best practices, by extracting them and exploring further </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their contribution </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">enhancement of climate services, as well as their applicability and potentiality for scaling out in other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">regions </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in Tanzania, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other countries. The results indicate the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">identified best practices and lessons learned contributed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significantly in enhancing climate services, particularly in understanding, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">availability, accessibility, utilization, ownership and sustainability of climate services among users (farmers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and pastoralists) of various gender, as well as intermediaries and deci</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sion</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ma</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kers. Results also indicate the lessons learned and the documented best prac</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tices could influence </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effectiveness of climate services in other areas, to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ad</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dress existing challenges in access, uptake and sustainability of climate ser</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vices. The best practices and lessons learned could be considered for integration in the future projects or operational activities in other regions within the coun</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">try and other countries, particularly in the developing world, including </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sub-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saharan Africa.</span>
文摘During the last decade,sustainability-related technologies and practices have become increasingly common among construction companies,both in the home office and on the job site.Multiple drivers are fueling this trend,including government policies for sustainability in capital projects and increased recognition of the benefits of sustainable practices in the private sector.However,the extent to which sustainability-related technologies and practices have been adopted by companies in the field has not been systematically documented.This study used semi-structured interviews and field observations to document the sustainability-related practices of 28 construction firms in the eastern United States.The purpose of the study was to benchmark current industry use of construction sustainability best practices.Findings of the study show that most firms have tried sustainability practices in the field on at least some of their projects,sometimes without being aware that those practices were related to sustainability.Considerable variation was observed among self-reported trial and adoption rates across the practices in the inventory.This study serves as a first step toward understanding why some sustainability innovations are being embraced more readily than others,and may lead to a better understanding of how to increase adoption of sustainability innovations.
基金supported by Fudan Good Practice Program of Teaching and Learning(2019C003).
文摘Background:High-fidelity simulation has been demonstrated to make great progress in learning.However,there is still ongoing exploration on how to fully harness the advantages of this teaching method and enhance its effectiveness.This study conducted high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing based on the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice and evaluated its effect.Methods:The study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020.A total of 82 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Shanghai participated in the high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing.The simulation design scale,educational practices in simulation scale,and students’satisfaction and self-confidence were used to evaluate the effect.Results:The mean score of simulation design scale was 4.06±0.63 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 3.0.The mean score of educational practices in simulation scale was 4.14±0.56 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 4.0.The mean scores of students’satisfaction and self-confidence were 4.07±0.72 and 3.89±0.58,respectively.Conclusion:Students reported high levels of simulation design and educational practices in simulation.They were also satisfied with learning and reported high levels of self-confidence.Some key points need to be considered so that the learning effects might be optimized.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has highlighted the practice of infectious diseases biobanking,as well as existing challenges and opportunities.Thus,the future of infectious diseases biobanking in the post-pandemic era,shall not be an“entry-level version”of its counterpart in non-communicable diseases and large population cohorts,but incorporate the lessons learned.Biobanks constitute a critical research infrastructure supported by harmonized practices through the implementation of international standards,and perceived within the broader scope of healthcare's intersection with research.This perspective paper considers the barriers in biobanking and standardization of practices,as well as the emerging opportunities in the field.
文摘Approaches to the artificial impoundment and theoretical design of sedimentation retention basin are reviewed with particular attention to best management practice(BMP) to control agriculture and surface runoff. Sediments retention basins are the small version of farm pond used where a criteria of farm pond is not met. Such basin traps the pollutants and suspended solids prior to entry into streams and lakes. The study is focused with special reference to the assessment and control of non point source pollution(NPSP) from the sub basin area of Tai Lake in the Xishan County of Wuxi City of China. The author suggested two different approaches to conduct this study including theoretical design for sedimentation retention basin and computation of flow, sediment transport and deposition during the artificial impoundment of retention basin for BMP's utilization. Theoretical design will provide a useful function as a first line defense against the movement of sediments and transport of pollutants into the Tai Lake while the assessment of sediments deposition will help to make its proper use and periodic cleanup.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51279064 and 51209090)
文摘Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.
文摘Corporate governance represents institutional structures and incentive mechanisms that are implemented in order to mitigate the principal-agent problem and to thus promote the long-term competitiveness of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of corporate governance best practice and the new listing rules in Sri Lanka. The paper discusses the evolution of the corporate governance best practice giving special reference to the new listing rules in Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan stock market overview and the importance of best practice governance for the developing economy of Sri Lanka. Corporate governance practices in Sri Lanka has made a progress towards best practice, but, this paper argues, that substantial reforms need to be implemented to effectively promote and sustain the accountability and transparency.
文摘This article reviews and provides evaluation guidelines for six major storm water best management practices includingbioretention areas, grassed swales/fi lter strips, infi ltration trenches, porous pavement, rain barrels and wet detentionponds. A detailed table allows for quick and easy design comparisons, including a separate table which allows forsite specifi c cost comparisons. A logic diagram is provided as a basic tool for screening the most feasible managementpractice.
基金supported by the China National Railway Group Science and Technology Research and Development Program(Grant N2022X002).
文摘Purpose–In recent years,railway systems worldwide have faced challenges such as the modernization of engineering projects,efficient management of intelligent digital railway equipment,rapid growth in passenger and freight transport demands,customized transport services and ubiquitous transport safety.The transformation toward intelligent digital transformation in railways has emerged as an effective response to the formidable challenges confronting the railway industry,thereby becoming an inevitable global trend in railway development.Design/methodology/approach–This paper,therefore,conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current state of global railway intelligent digital transformation,focusing on the characteristics and applications of intelligent digital transformation technology.It summarizes and analyzes relevant technologies and applicable scenarios in the realm of railway intelligent digital transformation,theoretically elucidating the development process of global railway intelligent digital transformation and,in practice,providing guidance and empirical examples for railway intelligence and digital transformation.Findings–Digital and intelligent technologies follow a wave-like pattern of continuous iterative evolution,progressing from the early stages,to a period of increasing attention and popularity,then to a phase of declining interest,followed by a resurgence and ultimately reaching a mature stage.Originality/value–The results offer reference and guidance to fully leverage the opportunities presented by the latest wave of the digitalization revolution,accelerate the overall upgrade of the railway industry and promote global collaborative development in railway intelligent digital transformation.
基金the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2013ZX07103006-005)the National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2013BAC08B03-4)
文摘Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a critical prerequisite for evaluating their impacts on water quantity and water quality in a complex system. However, limited research has reported about the representation of BMPs in fully distributed models. This paper presents a stepwise procedure for representation of several BMPs and assessment of their hydrologic impacts with a ful y distributed model, SEIM （Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling）. A case study is conducted in the 73 km2 Luoyugou watershed located in the Loess Plateau of China, where rainstorm erosion accounts for more than 60%of annual sediment load in average. Three BMPs are selected in this study including （i） conversion from farmland to forest, （i ） terrace, and （i i） no-til farming. These management practices are represented in the model through the alteration of model parameters characterizing their physical processes in the ifeld. The results of scenario assessment for a historical storm event showed that the maximum sediment reduction after terrace is about 97.3%, the average sediment reduction after no-till farming is about 9.5%, and the average sediment reduction after conversion from farmland to forest is 75.6%.
文摘Information seekers are generally on their own to discover and use a research library’s growing array of digital col- lections, and coordination of these collections’ development and maintenance is often not optimal. The frequent lack of a con- scious design for how collections fit together is of equal concern because it means that research libraries are not making the most of the substantial investments they are making in digital initiatives. This paper proposes a framework for a research library’s digital collections that offers integrated discovery and a set of best practices to underpin collection building, federated access, and sus- tainability. The framework’s purpose is to give information seekers a powerful and easy way to search across existing and future collections and to retrieve integrated sets of results. The paper and its recommendations are based upon research undertaken by the author and a team of librarians and technologists at Cornell University Library. The team conducted structured interviews of forty-five library staff members involved in digital collection building at Cornell, studied an inventory of the library’s more than fifty digital collections, and evaluated seven existing Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and federated search production or prototype systems. The author will discuss her team’s research and the rationale for their recommendations to: present a cohesive view of the library’s digital collections for both browsing and searching at the object level; take a programmatic (rather than project-based) approach to digital collection building; require that all new digital collections conform to library-developed and agreed-upon OAI best practices for data providers; and implement organizational structures to sustain the library’s digital collections over the long term.
文摘This study suggests a theoretical component to the thus far proposed explanations of what makes a startup incubator successful in enabling entrepreneurial activity. Departing from a traditional focus on industry- and nation-wide resources, we develop a framework of the critical success factors for a startup incubator and a scoring mechanism to evaluate the success of existing startup incubators using these factors. We score a selection of American and European incubators using the developed scoring mechanism and comparatively benchmark the European incubators against the American ones to identify areas for improvement. Our findings suggest that European incubators, while relatively strong overall, can look to and learn from their American counterparts in certain areas. Importantly, these improvement areas are not specific to characteristics of any individual European incubator, but to European incubators overall. Finally, we aim to expand this study to other entrepreneurship hubs worldwide and we outline a plan of action to enable this expansion.
文摘In many countries, traffic volumes and the number of drivers are rising faster than the availability of police officers whose routine duties include traffic law enforcement. Automated traffic enforcement, which produces photographic evidence of vehicles detected speeding or running red lights, can be used to supplement traditional enforcement. In the United States and Canada, a number of individuals and organizations have been very vocal in their opposition to automated traffic enforcement. They argue that automated enforcement programs are unnecessary for improving road safety, that they unfairly target relatively good drivers, and that they are motivated by revenue generation rather than safety. These arguments, however, often ignore the numerous peer-reviewed studies that have found real-world benefits in communities that use automated enforcement---cameras deter would-be violators, reduce crashes, and save lives. Solid, published research by a number of experts demonstrates that red light cameras save lives, and speed cameras substantially reduce speeding and speed-related crashes. Surveys of drivers and other road users indicate widespread support for automated enforcement. With regard to fairness, the objective of photo enforcement is to deter violations, not to surreptitiously catch violators. The more public the enforcement is, the better. If anything, automated enforcement programs improve fairness by reducing the potential for prejudicial enforcement. Finally, photo enforcement is intended to improve traffic safety by modifying the driver behaviors that lead to crashes, and it is reasonable to expect that people who break the law should pay for enforcing it. Ticket revenue should decline overtime as the cameras succeed in deterring would-be speeders and red light runners. This paper provides research-based responses to the critics＇ arguments as well as best practice guidelines for effective automated enforcement programs.
