In recent years, production of engine fuels and energy from biomass has drawn much interest. In this work, we conducted a novel integrated process for the preparation of bio-hydrogen and bio-fuels using lignocellulosi...In recent years, production of engine fuels and energy from biomass has drawn much interest. In this work, we conducted a novel integrated process for the preparation of bio-hydrogen and bio-fuels using lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis-oil （bio-oil）. The process includes （i） the production of bio-hydrogen or bio-syngas by the catalytic cracking of bio-oil, （ii） the adjustment of bio-syngas, and （iii） the production of bio-fuels by ole nic polymerization （OP） together with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS）. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of bio-hydrogen was 120.9 g H2/（kg bio-oil）. The yield of hydrocarbon bio-fuels reached 526.1 g/（kg bio-syngas） by the coupling of OP and FTS. The main reaction pathways （or chemical processes） were discussed based on the products observed and the catalyst property.展开更多
In this paper, a theoretical-economic study was carried out based on the operation and construction of different types of equipments that use solar energy to carry out the distillation process. The conclusions drawn f...In this paper, a theoretical-economic study was carried out based on the operation and construction of different types of equipments that use solar energy to carry out the distillation process. The conclusions drawn from the analysis aimed to determine what is necessary for the optimal design of an experimental distillation module that allows bioethanol with specific features to be obtained, for the area of Tehuantepec in Mexico. This study took the experiments carried out by various authors and extracted information relevant to the selection of the parameters and variables of the proposed distiller according to their efficiency and construction costs.展开更多
The aim of this study,is 1-butanol production using CO2 with S.elongatus PCC 7942 culture.The yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been calculated.The maximum concentration of produced 1-butanol is 35.37 mg/L ...The aim of this study,is 1-butanol production using CO2 with S.elongatus PCC 7942 culture.The yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been calculated.The maximum concentration of produced 1-butanol is 35.37 mg/L and 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized efficiency is 92.4.The optimum operational conditions were 30°C temperature,60 W intensity of light,pH=7.1,120 mV redox potential,0.083 m^3/sn flow rate with CO2 and 0.5 mg/l dissolved O2 concentration.Among the enzymes on the metabolic trail of the production of 1-butanol via using S.elongatus PCC 7942 cyanobacteria.At maximum yield;the measured concentrations are 0.016μg/ml for hbd;0.0022μg/ml for Ter and 0.0048μg/ml for AdhE2.The cost analyses necessary for 1-butanol production has been done and the cost of 1 liter 1-butanol has been determined as 1.31 TL/L.展开更多
Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the most prevalent sources of carbon in nature. Currently many approaches employ micro-organisms and their enzyme products to degrade plant feedstocks for production of bioenergy. Scar...Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the most prevalent sources of carbon in nature. Currently many approaches employ micro-organisms and their enzyme products to degrade plant feedstocks for production of bioenergy. Scarab larvae are one such model. They consume celluloses from a variety of sources including plant roots, soil organic matter and decaying wood, and are able to extract nutrients and energy from these sources. In this paper, we review the physicochemical properties of the scarab larval gut, the diversity and digestive role that microflora play in the scarab gut and discuss the potential for applying these digestive processes in bioreactors for improving bio-fuel production. Scarab larvae are characterised by their highly alkaline midgut which is dominated by serine proteinase enzymes, and a modified hindgut which harbors the majority of the intestinal microbiota under anaerobic conditions. Evidence suggests that digestion of recalcitrant organic matter in scarab larvae likely results from a combination of endogenous gut proteinases and cellulolytic enzymes produced by symbiotic micro-organisms. Most of the easily digestible proteins are mobilized and absorbed in the midgut by endogenous proteinases. The hindgut contents of scarab larvae are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids, the presence of fermenting bacteria, and typical anaerobic activities, such as methanogenesis. The hindgut typically contains a wide diversity of micro-organisms, some of which appear to be obligate symbionts with cellulolytic potential. As a result, the scarab larval gut can be regarded as a small bioreactor resembling the rumen of sheep or cattle, where solid food particles composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and polysaccharides are degraded through enzymatic and fermentation processes. Together these observations suggest scarab larvae have potential to assist the bio-fuel industry by providing new sources of （hemi）cellulolytic bacteria and bacterial （hemi）cellulolytic enzymes.展开更多
A mathematical model has been developed to describe the agglomeration process in bio-fuel fired fluidized bed combustor. Based on the balance mechanism of the adhesive force caused by liquid bonding between two parti-...A mathematical model has been developed to describe the agglomeration process in bio-fuel fired fluidized bed combustor. Based on the balance mechanism of the adhesive force caused by liquid bonding between two parti- cles and the breaking force induced by bubbles in the fiuidized bed, the model considers modified Urbain model and chemical equilibrium calculations using FactSage modeling. This model prediction accounts for the evolve- ment of the adhesive and breaking forces, and clearly demonstrates that the different composition of ash, the in- creasing liquid phase matter and the fiuidization velocity cause defluidization in fluidized bed. In this model, it is the first time to hypothesize that the bonding stress between two particles is proportional to mass fraction of liq- uid phase and inversely proportional to the diameter of particles and viscosity of liquid phase. The defluidization time calculated by this model shows good agreement with that from the experimental data.展开更多
Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate change.Hence,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is necessary.Lignocellulosic biom...Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate change.Hence,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is necessary.Lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel production.The large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy resources.This review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products yield.It emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and landfilling.Further,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly highlighted.To optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were proposed.The complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive ingredients.The investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.展开更多
The world’s total fossil fuel consumption has been significantly increasing with consequential increased environmental catastrophes. A hunt for an alternate energy source was stimulated. Biofuel is a plausible option...The world’s total fossil fuel consumption has been significantly increasing with consequential increased environmental catastrophes. A hunt for an alternate energy source was stimulated. Biofuel is a plausible option in this pursuit due to its ideal qualities which included but are not limited to renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the pump price of biodiesel is still very high due mainly to the high cost of the production of the commodity which is influenced by the feedstock and the homogeneous nature of catalyst used. Heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by using Pila globosa sea snail shells prepared by calcination (CP8) and by acid activation (PTW1M). Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil (Non-edible feedstock) was extracted using the soxhlet extraction method and was used for biofuel production with a methanol oil ratio of 3:1. Agitation speed 800, 600 rmp, reaction temperatures of 70°C, 60°C, catalyst concentration (3.00, 2.00 wt%) and reaction time (70 and 60 min) was maintained for CP8 and PTW1M respectively. The rate of the reaction followed a reversible second-order reaction rate. Re-usability accessed. From TGA analysis, the best calcination temperature was 800°C. SEM results showed improved surface morphology after calcination, especially for CP8. FTIR analysis showed the elimination of volatiles and formation of CaO and CaO<sub>4</sub>Te after calcination. The reaction rate constant at different temperatures was 0.0287 at 30°C, 0.1200 at 50°C and 0.1142 at 70°C and activation energy of the ethyl ester was 49.49 KJ/mol. Using CP8. Most of the fuel properties met with ASTM 6751 standard. The result of the re-usability showed that the biodiesel yield declined as follows: 92, 86, 80, 73 and 69 % for CP8 and 85, 84, 81, 76, 65. For PTW1M. After the fifth regeneration cycle, both CP8 and PTW1M samples of Pila globosa sea snail shell catalyst proved effective in transesterification reaction of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil using ethanol. It was observed that the calcined catalyst (CP8) showed a superior catalytic performance.展开更多
文摘In recent years, production of engine fuels and energy from biomass has drawn much interest. In this work, we conducted a novel integrated process for the preparation of bio-hydrogen and bio-fuels using lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis-oil （bio-oil）. The process includes （i） the production of bio-hydrogen or bio-syngas by the catalytic cracking of bio-oil, （ii） the adjustment of bio-syngas, and （iii） the production of bio-fuels by ole nic polymerization （OP） together with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS）. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of bio-hydrogen was 120.9 g H2/（kg bio-oil）. The yield of hydrocarbon bio-fuels reached 526.1 g/（kg bio-syngas） by the coupling of OP and FTS. The main reaction pathways （or chemical processes） were discussed based on the products observed and the catalyst property.
文摘In this paper, a theoretical-economic study was carried out based on the operation and construction of different types of equipments that use solar energy to carry out the distillation process. The conclusions drawn from the analysis aimed to determine what is necessary for the optimal design of an experimental distillation module that allows bioethanol with specific features to be obtained, for the area of Tehuantepec in Mexico. This study took the experiments carried out by various authors and extracted information relevant to the selection of the parameters and variables of the proposed distiller according to their efficiency and construction costs.
基金supported by the Department of Scientific Resource Project(2014.KB.FEN.035)The Scientific and Technological Research council of Turkey(TUBITAK)for financial support(1002-Quick Support Program).
文摘The aim of this study,is 1-butanol production using CO2 with S.elongatus PCC 7942 culture.The yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been calculated.The maximum concentration of produced 1-butanol is 35.37 mg/L and 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized efficiency is 92.4.The optimum operational conditions were 30°C temperature,60 W intensity of light,pH=7.1,120 mV redox potential,0.083 m^3/sn flow rate with CO2 and 0.5 mg/l dissolved O2 concentration.Among the enzymes on the metabolic trail of the production of 1-butanol via using S.elongatus PCC 7942 cyanobacteria.At maximum yield;the measured concentrations are 0.016μg/ml for hbd;0.0022μg/ml for Ter and 0.0048μg/ml for AdhE2.The cost analyses necessary for 1-butanol production has been done and the cost of 1 liter 1-butanol has been determined as 1.31 TL/L.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （30671404）, the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （200805040010） and the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology. The authors would also like to thank Sue Zydenbos for editorial assistance.
文摘Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the most prevalent sources of carbon in nature. Currently many approaches employ micro-organisms and their enzyme products to degrade plant feedstocks for production of bioenergy. Scarab larvae are one such model. They consume celluloses from a variety of sources including plant roots, soil organic matter and decaying wood, and are able to extract nutrients and energy from these sources. In this paper, we review the physicochemical properties of the scarab larval gut, the diversity and digestive role that microflora play in the scarab gut and discuss the potential for applying these digestive processes in bioreactors for improving bio-fuel production. Scarab larvae are characterised by their highly alkaline midgut which is dominated by serine proteinase enzymes, and a modified hindgut which harbors the majority of the intestinal microbiota under anaerobic conditions. Evidence suggests that digestion of recalcitrant organic matter in scarab larvae likely results from a combination of endogenous gut proteinases and cellulolytic enzymes produced by symbiotic micro-organisms. Most of the easily digestible proteins are mobilized and absorbed in the midgut by endogenous proteinases. The hindgut contents of scarab larvae are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids, the presence of fermenting bacteria, and typical anaerobic activities, such as methanogenesis. The hindgut typically contains a wide diversity of micro-organisms, some of which appear to be obligate symbionts with cellulolytic potential. As a result, the scarab larval gut can be regarded as a small bioreactor resembling the rumen of sheep or cattle, where solid food particles composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and polysaccharides are degraded through enzymatic and fermentation processes. Together these observations suggest scarab larvae have potential to assist the bio-fuel industry by providing new sources of （hemi）cellulolytic bacteria and bacterial （hemi）cellulolytic enzymes.
基金the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Code:50706055)
文摘A mathematical model has been developed to describe the agglomeration process in bio-fuel fired fluidized bed combustor. Based on the balance mechanism of the adhesive force caused by liquid bonding between two parti- cles and the breaking force induced by bubbles in the fiuidized bed, the model considers modified Urbain model and chemical equilibrium calculations using FactSage modeling. This model prediction accounts for the evolve- ment of the adhesive and breaking forces, and clearly demonstrates that the different composition of ash, the in- creasing liquid phase matter and the fiuidization velocity cause defluidization in fluidized bed. In this model, it is the first time to hypothesize that the bonding stress between two particles is proportional to mass fraction of liq- uid phase and inversely proportional to the diameter of particles and viscosity of liquid phase. The defluidization time calculated by this model shows good agreement with that from the experimental data.
基金This work was supported by the Start-Up Funding for Research of Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology(NGRCZX-22-03)School of Environment and Civil Engineering,Nanchang,Jiangxi,China.
文摘Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate change.Hence,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is necessary.Lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel production.The large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy resources.This review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products yield.It emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and landfilling.Further,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly highlighted.To optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were proposed.The complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive ingredients.The investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.
文摘The world’s total fossil fuel consumption has been significantly increasing with consequential increased environmental catastrophes. A hunt for an alternate energy source was stimulated. Biofuel is a plausible option in this pursuit due to its ideal qualities which included but are not limited to renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the pump price of biodiesel is still very high due mainly to the high cost of the production of the commodity which is influenced by the feedstock and the homogeneous nature of catalyst used. Heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by using Pila globosa sea snail shells prepared by calcination (CP8) and by acid activation (PTW1M). Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil (Non-edible feedstock) was extracted using the soxhlet extraction method and was used for biofuel production with a methanol oil ratio of 3:1. Agitation speed 800, 600 rmp, reaction temperatures of 70°C, 60°C, catalyst concentration (3.00, 2.00 wt%) and reaction time (70 and 60 min) was maintained for CP8 and PTW1M respectively. The rate of the reaction followed a reversible second-order reaction rate. Re-usability accessed. From TGA analysis, the best calcination temperature was 800°C. SEM results showed improved surface morphology after calcination, especially for CP8. FTIR analysis showed the elimination of volatiles and formation of CaO and CaO<sub>4</sub>Te after calcination. The reaction rate constant at different temperatures was 0.0287 at 30°C, 0.1200 at 50°C and 0.1142 at 70°C and activation energy of the ethyl ester was 49.49 KJ/mol. Using CP8. Most of the fuel properties met with ASTM 6751 standard. The result of the re-usability showed that the biodiesel yield declined as follows: 92, 86, 80, 73 and 69 % for CP8 and 85, 84, 81, 76, 65. For PTW1M. After the fifth regeneration cycle, both CP8 and PTW1M samples of Pila globosa sea snail shell catalyst proved effective in transesterification reaction of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil using ethanol. It was observed that the calcined catalyst (CP8) showed a superior catalytic performance.
