Of the various strategies adopted by an invasive plant species for expanding its niche breadth,phenotypic differentiation(either due to plasticity and/or adaptive evolution) is proven to be the most successful.Lately,...Of the various strategies adopted by an invasive plant species for expanding its niche breadth,phenotypic differentiation(either due to plasticity and/or adaptive evolution) is proven to be the most successful.Lately,we studied the persistence of substantial morpho-functional variations within the individuals of alien invasive plant,Parthenium hysterophorus in Chandigarh,India,through field surveys.Based on observed differences,the individuals were categorized into two morphotypes,PAand PB.PAhad higher leaf area,leaf biomass,and chlorophyll content as compared with PB.However,PBhad a higher stem circumference,stem specific density,twig dry matter content,profuse branching,bigger canopy,and better reproductive output than PA.To substantiate the persistence of intraspecific variations in P. hysterophorus and to deduce the possible genesis of these variations,we propagated both the morphotypes under experimental conditions in winter and summer.Apart from the key morpho-functional differences observed during the field studies,protein and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in leaves and roots of the propagated plants.Differences in plant metabolism were observed only during the early growth period,whereas the morpho-functional traits varied in the mature flowering plants.The effect of growth season was highly significant on all the studied morpho-functional and biochemical parameters(p ≤0.05).Parent morphotypes(P) and interactions between morphotypes and seasons significantly affected several growth parameters(p ≤0.05).The analyses revealed that the contrasting growth conditions at the time of transplantation and early growth may regulate the phenotype of P. hysterophorus.The pattern of intraspecific variations observed during the study is justified to consider morphotype PAas winter biotype and morphotype PBas summer biotype of P. hysterophorus.The study points towards the role of plasticity or a combination of genetic and environmental(G×E) factors in producing the phenotypic variability observed in the population of P. hysterophorus.展开更多
The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constitu...The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels(I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices(bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I_(50) significantly equaled with its counterpart under I_(75) or I_(100). Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I_(100) in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I_(75) in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I_(75) recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.展开更多
Background Gossypium hirsutum undergoes rapid clonal propagation to regenerate a mature plant through tissue culture.However,the correlation between cotton leaf regeneration,callus induction,and regeneration ability w...Background Gossypium hirsutum undergoes rapid clonal propagation to regenerate a mature plant through tissue culture.However,the correlation between cotton leaf regeneration,callus induction,and regeneration ability was still obscure.In this research,cotton leaf regeneration level for 21 accessions in the field(new leaves)was observed after the first harvest,and a comparison between field regeneration level and callus induction with its regeneration capacity(new shoots and roots)for the same 21 accessions was carried out.Agronomic traits,including plant height,leaf area,fresh leaf weight,dry leaf weight,the number of flowers and bolls,and biochemical(proline content)and physiological(chlorophyll and carotenoid content)traits during the flowering stage of 21 upland cotton accessions,were investigated.Result A significant correlation between physiological parameters and callus induction was discovered.Callus induction and regeneration capacity of roots and shoots for hypocotyl,cotyledons,and shoot tip tissues were used to validate field leaf regeneration level after the first harvest.CCRI 24 showed significant leaf regeneration in the field and callus induction capacity through callus induction and regeneration.Conclusion We found a substantial relationship between field regeneration capability and callus induction with its regeneration capacity for the hypocotyl,cotyledons,and shoot tip.The results showed that ZS061,Lumian 378,Jimian 863,and ZS065 have the highest moisture retention capacity,while CCRI 24,Liaoyang Duomaomian,and Beizhe Gongshemian have the lowest moisture retention capacity.CCRI 24 has the highest leaf regeneration capacity in the field,while Beizhe Gongshemian has the lowest leaf regeneration capacity.All our result provides a clue for checking the regeneration capacity through leaf regeneration level in the field.展开更多
Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, a...Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.展开更多
: The present study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of the biochemical genetic in short-seasoned cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (SSC). Ten cultivars from two types of SSC were selected, five SSC with no prematur...: The present study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of the biochemical genetic in short-seasoned cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (SSC). Ten cultivars from two types of SSC were selected, five SSC with no premature senescence crossed with five SSC with premature senescence. The parents, F1, and F2 from the reciprocal crosses were field tested in replication in 2001 and 2002. The results indicated that the activities of protective enzymes of the antioxidant system, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were higher in the early maturing SSC with premature senescence compared with activities in the SSC parental cultivars that showed premature senescence, whereas the malondialdehyde (MD A) content in former group was lower than that in latter group. Various genetic variances and heritabilities for these biochemical traits and auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and chlorophyll (Chl a+b) contents were also estimated. Significant additive variance for CAT, POD, ABA, and IAA existed, whereas CAT specific activity and SOD activity were largely controlled by dominant effects. Both maternal and dominant variances played equally predominant roles in the specific activity of POD and SOD, MDA, and soluble portents. The relative contribution of the various genetic components to the phenotypic variation varied in the boll-setting period.展开更多
文摘Of the various strategies adopted by an invasive plant species for expanding its niche breadth,phenotypic differentiation(either due to plasticity and/or adaptive evolution) is proven to be the most successful.Lately,we studied the persistence of substantial morpho-functional variations within the individuals of alien invasive plant,Parthenium hysterophorus in Chandigarh,India,through field surveys.Based on observed differences,the individuals were categorized into two morphotypes,PAand PB.PAhad higher leaf area,leaf biomass,and chlorophyll content as compared with PB.However,PBhad a higher stem circumference,stem specific density,twig dry matter content,profuse branching,bigger canopy,and better reproductive output than PA.To substantiate the persistence of intraspecific variations in P. hysterophorus and to deduce the possible genesis of these variations,we propagated both the morphotypes under experimental conditions in winter and summer.Apart from the key morpho-functional differences observed during the field studies,protein and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in leaves and roots of the propagated plants.Differences in plant metabolism were observed only during the early growth period,whereas the morpho-functional traits varied in the mature flowering plants.The effect of growth season was highly significant on all the studied morpho-functional and biochemical parameters(p ≤0.05).Parent morphotypes(P) and interactions between morphotypes and seasons significantly affected several growth parameters(p ≤0.05).The analyses revealed that the contrasting growth conditions at the time of transplantation and early growth may regulate the phenotype of P. hysterophorus.The pattern of intraspecific variations observed during the study is justified to consider morphotype PAas winter biotype and morphotype PBas summer biotype of P. hysterophorus.The study points towards the role of plasticity or a combination of genetic and environmental(G×E) factors in producing the phenotypic variability observed in the population of P. hysterophorus.
文摘The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels(I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices(bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I_(50) significantly equaled with its counterpart under I_(75) or I_(100). Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I_(100) in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I_(75) in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I_(75) recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.
基金supported by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(19221957).
文摘Background Gossypium hirsutum undergoes rapid clonal propagation to regenerate a mature plant through tissue culture.However,the correlation between cotton leaf regeneration,callus induction,and regeneration ability was still obscure.In this research,cotton leaf regeneration level for 21 accessions in the field(new leaves)was observed after the first harvest,and a comparison between field regeneration level and callus induction with its regeneration capacity(new shoots and roots)for the same 21 accessions was carried out.Agronomic traits,including plant height,leaf area,fresh leaf weight,dry leaf weight,the number of flowers and bolls,and biochemical(proline content)and physiological(chlorophyll and carotenoid content)traits during the flowering stage of 21 upland cotton accessions,were investigated.Result A significant correlation between physiological parameters and callus induction was discovered.Callus induction and regeneration capacity of roots and shoots for hypocotyl,cotyledons,and shoot tip tissues were used to validate field leaf regeneration level after the first harvest.CCRI 24 showed significant leaf regeneration in the field and callus induction capacity through callus induction and regeneration.Conclusion We found a substantial relationship between field regeneration capability and callus induction with its regeneration capacity for the hypocotyl,cotyledons,and shoot tip.The results showed that ZS061,Lumian 378,Jimian 863,and ZS065 have the highest moisture retention capacity,while CCRI 24,Liaoyang Duomaomian,and Beizhe Gongshemian have the lowest moisture retention capacity.CCRI 24 has the highest leaf regeneration capacity in the field,while Beizhe Gongshemian has the lowest leaf regeneration capacity.All our result provides a clue for checking the regeneration capacity through leaf regeneration level in the field.
基金Project (50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2004CB619204) supported by the State Basic Research Development Program of China Project (DY105-02-04-05) supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association
文摘Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.
文摘: The present study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of the biochemical genetic in short-seasoned cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (SSC). Ten cultivars from two types of SSC were selected, five SSC with no premature senescence crossed with five SSC with premature senescence. The parents, F1, and F2 from the reciprocal crosses were field tested in replication in 2001 and 2002. The results indicated that the activities of protective enzymes of the antioxidant system, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), were higher in the early maturing SSC with premature senescence compared with activities in the SSC parental cultivars that showed premature senescence, whereas the malondialdehyde (MD A) content in former group was lower than that in latter group. Various genetic variances and heritabilities for these biochemical traits and auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and chlorophyll (Chl a+b) contents were also estimated. Significant additive variance for CAT, POD, ABA, and IAA existed, whereas CAT specific activity and SOD activity were largely controlled by dominant effects. Both maternal and dominant variances played equally predominant roles in the specific activity of POD and SOD, MDA, and soluble portents. The relative contribution of the various genetic components to the phenotypic variation varied in the boll-setting period.
