The Sustainable Wetland Management adopted for this study depicts that, the identification of drivers and impacts is needed first, in other to get a clearer roadmap, after which the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversit...The Sustainable Wetland Management adopted for this study depicts that, the identification of drivers and impacts is needed first, in other to get a clearer roadmap, after which the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework would come into play to serve as a pathway for Sustainability. The study evaluates how Sierra Leone might implement the Framework’s proposed strategies in National Wetland Management. As a result, the research tried to thoroughly examine the factors that contribute to wetland degradation as well as the effects they have on the people who live nearby. The purposive sampling method was used to administer 385 structured questionnaires to inhabitants. The data was then processed in an Excel spreadsheet. Microsoft Publisher was used to draw the framework and a descriptive analysis was done. Results indicated that;the majority of the inhabitants of Aberdeen Creek are traders/self-employed, furthermore, the majority chose the place because it’s less expensive and nearer to the workplace, settlement expansion and pollution are the two most common degrading activities, while flooding and health-related issues are some of the consequences, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is regarded to be a perfect tool for wetland management. It was concluded that to accomplish the objectives in the framework, it is necessary to have both political and social will. Satellite data and water quality research are further needed to validate the report.展开更多
In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal ...In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes F1 and F2 explain 27.34% of the overall variability. The different variables along the two factorial axes are weakly correlated. The caterpillar species Imbrasia truncata, Imbrasia epimethea, Imbrasia obscura, Imbrasia petiveri, Imbrasia forda and Imbrasia alopia have more host plant diversity than the caterpillar species: Imbrasia melanops, Imbrasia eblis, Imbrasia anthina, Imbrasia wahlbergii and Imbrasia oyemensis.展开更多
Human activities have severely impacted on many species and ecosystems.Thus,understanding the local biodiversity situation is crucial for implementing effective biodiversity conservation interventions.Mindanao in the ...Human activities have severely impacted on many species and ecosystems.Thus,understanding the local biodiversity situation is crucial for implementing effective biodiversity conservation interventions.Mindanao in the southern Philippines is home to various unique species,particularly in its pristine ecosystems.However,the available biodiversity data for many terrestrial vertebrates and key areas remain incomplete.To address this issue,we synthesized published literature related to biodiversity from 2000 to 2022 in Mindanao.Moreover,this analysis used four key terrestrial vertebrates(amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals)in Mindanao as research objects.According to our findings,there was a significant and positive correlation between the number of biodiversity studies and species recorded.In terms of species richness,birds were the most recorded group(n=334 spp.),followed by reptiles(n=108 spp.),mammals(n=70 spp.),and amphibians(n=52 spp.).We also found that the number of endemic and threatened species varies geographically and across taxonomic groups.Yet,we discovered a significant disparity in the information available on biodiversity in different provinces of Mindanao.For example,the western provinces of Mindanao have had no record of biodiversity for more than two decades.Furthermore,we found that the changes in tree cover loss were consistent with biodiversity records,but this correlation is only significant for birds.Finally,we highlighted some critical threats and challenges to biodiversity,including deforestation,agricultural expansion,mining,and their impact on biodiversity conservation in Mindanao.Our findings suggested that biodiversity conservation should focus not only on areas with high levels of biodiversity but also on areas lacking biodiversity information.To do this,we call for strengthening collaboration among various institutions and digitizing and centralizing of information related to biodiversity.By gaining a deeper understanding of biodiversity in Mindanao,we can better and sustainably protect critical ecosystems in this region from the increasing threats posed by human activities.展开更多
Urbanization provides both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation,but patterns of urban plant diversity across land uses,especially in Asian countries,remains unclear.To determine these patterns of...Urbanization provides both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation,but patterns of urban plant diversity across land uses,especially in Asian countries,remains unclear.To determine these patterns of diversity,woody plants in 174 sample quadrats across various land use types in Kyoto City were investigated.Richness,abundance,and evenness were evaluated at city,land use,and quadrat scales,and biodiversity of different land use types was compared.At the city level,223 species in 77 families were recorded.At the land use level,residential areas had the highest total biological richness,with moderate to low evenness,while commercial areas exhibited low richness.At the quadrat level,the low-rise residential area had higher species richness than the other land uses.Species abundance and evenness in quadrats were significantly different across land use types for the canopy layer but not for the understory.The results provide insights into urban biodiversity design and management by identifying prior land uses for biodiversity improvement and by highlighting the contribution of residential private yards.Urban heterogeneity,scale,and multidimensionality should be considered when measuring urban biodiversity.展开更多
Species diversity of angiosperms(flowering plants) varies greatly among regions.Geographic patterns of variation in species diversity are shaped by the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,using a c...Species diversity of angiosperms(flowering plants) varies greatly among regions.Geographic patterns of variation in species diversity are shaped by the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,using a comprehensive data set for regional angiosperm floras across the world,we show geographic patterns of taxonomic(species) diversity,phylogenetic diversity,phylogenetic dispersion,and phylogenetic deviation(i.e.,phylogenetic diversity after accounting for taxonomic diversity) across the world.Phylogenetic diversity is strongly and positively correlated with taxonomic diversity;as a result,geographic patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across the world are highly similar.Areas with high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in tropical regions whereas areas with low taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in temperate regions,particularly in Eurasia and North America,and in northern Africa.Similarly,phylogenetic dispersion is,in general,higher in tropical regions and lower in temperate regions.However,the geographic pattern of phylogenetic deviation differs substantially from those of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion.As a result,hotspots and coldspots of angiosperm diversity identified based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion are incongruent with those identified based on phylogenetic deviations.Each of these metrics may be considered when selecting areas to be protected for their biodiversity.展开更多
Malaysia's rapid economic and demographic development have placed negative pressure on its water supplies and the quality of the Juru River, which is close to the nation's capital and its major source of water...Malaysia's rapid economic and demographic development have placed negative pressure on its water supplies and the quality of the Juru River, which is close to the nation's capital and its major source of water. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are supported by physicochemical properties and biological diversity. This study evaluated the anthropogenic impacts on aquatic biodiversity, especially plankton, fish, and macrobenthos, as well as the water quality of the Juru River in the Penang area. Aquatic biodiversity and river water parameters were collected from ten sampling stations along the Juru River. Seven variables were used to assess the physicochemical environment: pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand. At each sampling station, the total number of plankton, fish, and macrobenthic taxa were counted and analyzed. The relationships between the physicochemical parameters and aquatic biodiversity were investigated with biotypological analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and linear regression analysis. These analyses showed that the richness and diversity indices were generally influenced by salinity, temperature, TSS, BOD, and pH. The data obtained in this study supported the bioindicator concept. The findings, as they related to scientifically informed conservation, could serve as a model for Juru River management, as well as for river management throughout Malaysia and other tropical Asian countries.展开更多
The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change,including climate change,elevated carbon dioxide,nitrogen deposition,and land-use intensification,which poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning.Ne...The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change,including climate change,elevated carbon dioxide,nitrogen deposition,and land-use intensification,which poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning.Nev-ertheless,studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)have consistently demonstrated that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning and its stability,even in variable environmental conditions.These findings potentially indicate the critical role of biodiversity in promoting sustainable provi-sioning of ecosystem functioning under global change.Our paper provides a comprehensive review of current BEF research and the response of BEF to multiple global change factors.We demonstrate that(1)assessing the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning requires consideration of multiple dimensions of diversity,such as diversity across multiple trophic levels(plants,animals,and microbes),multiple facets(taxonomy,functional traits,and phylogeny),and multiple spatial scales(local,regional,and landscape scales).(2)The interaction of multiple global change factors may lead to a greater reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning than a single global change factor.(3)Multidimensional biodiversity regulates the response of ecosystem functioning to global change factors,indicating that high levels of multidimensional biodiversity can mitigate the negative impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning.Overall,we emphasize that recognizing the importance of multidimensional biodiversity is critical for sustaining ecosystem functioning.Therefore,prioritizing conserva-tion efforts to maintain and enhance all dimensions of biodiversity is essential to address the challenges of future global change.展开更多
Through the introduction of the concept,content,conservation significance and species value of biodiversity,the cognition of the research content,analysis methods and research directions of biodiversity was deepened.I...Through the introduction of the concept,content,conservation significance and species value of biodiversity,the cognition of the research content,analysis methods and research directions of biodiversity was deepened.In view of the problems faced by biodiversity conservation at present,such as the accelerated disappearance of species,the unsound protection regulation system,the irrational spatial pattern of species protection,and the lack of long-term follow-up research,specific improvement suggestions were put forward,and have a positive guiding significance for future biodiversity conservation.展开更多
In order to actively implement the Convention on Biological Diversity and help Shenzhen build a "park city" and a model of beautiful China, the concepts of landscape ecology, landscape urbanism and bio frien...In order to actively implement the Convention on Biological Diversity and help Shenzhen build a "park city" and a model of beautiful China, the concepts of landscape ecology, landscape urbanism and bio friendly city are introduced to build an evaluation system for biodiversity friendly parks in Longhua District, and explore the relationship between "bio friendly living space" and "city". According to the evaluation system, the Guanlan Printmaking Base scores a total of 273 points, which is rated as a relatively friendly level. In order to coordinate the development between the city and the biosphere and contribute to the goal of building a biodiversity based urban park, the construction of a biodiversity friendly park in Guanlan Printmaking Base is carried out in terms of comprehensive design, plant community construction and biodiversity friendly facilities construction according to the construction principles of biological priority guidance, functional integration and diversification, respect for the park's regionality, and valuing the reachability of natural space.展开更多
Ladakh’s cropped and non-cropped areas suffer greatly from weedy invasion under subsistence agricultural system where weeding is not a priority but total crop + weed biomass together contribute to livestock feeding s...Ladakh’s cropped and non-cropped areas suffer greatly from weedy invasion under subsistence agricultural system where weeding is not a priority but total crop + weed biomass together contribute to livestock feeding significantly. As agriculture along with livestock rearing is major activity of livelihood options, thereby contributing significantly to Ladakh economy and income generation for supporting resource poor farmers. Amongst various invasive weed species, the common reed (Phragmites australis) has become a serious ecological threat for agri-silvi-pastoral system biodiversity and accelerated its expansion in cropped lands including many wetland and salt-affected habitats of cold arid region due to its intermediate plant growth habit of C3 - C4 photosynthetic ecotypes. This character makes Phragmites a climate-resilient species, which is a major challenge for cold arid agriculture in the changing climatic patterns. Simultaneously, it is one of the best fodder substitute available under harsh climate. This paper deals with its unique characters and potential threats to the agrobiodiversity of Ladakh.展开更多
A few studies have highlighted the degradation of shea tree fruits mainly due to insects in Burkina Faso. The insects associated with these non-timber forest products are still poorly known, hence the interest of this...A few studies have highlighted the degradation of shea tree fruits mainly due to insects in Burkina Faso. The insects associated with these non-timber forest products are still poorly known, hence the interest of this study. The objective of the study is to make a qualitative inventory of the biodiversity of insect pests of shea fruits during the ripening period in two different ecosystems. It was carried out in 2021 in three locations of the Ziro province. 30 shea fruit trees distributed in 9 sites listed in agrosystems and protected areas were selected for monitoring and collecting insects infested with the fruits. The inventory identified 25 species in 13 families clustered in 5 orders. The order of Diptera, composed of 6 families with 15 species recorded, is the most dominant order in this diversity. Among the different families, 3 of them, Calliphoridae, Tephritidae and Muscidae, present at least 3 species each. 7 species are mainly associated with fruit damage with a predominance of Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). 91.33% of the emergences from infested fruits and 43.41% of the individuals trapped belong to this species. C. silvestrii, which presents a homogeneity in its distribution between locations and ecosystems, is therefore the main pest species of shea fruits in production in this zone. The results suggest the need to determine the economic importance of Tephritidae infesting shea fruits.展开更多
This research critically examines the alarming case of biodiversity loss in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, focusing on identifying the causes of this decline and assessing its long-term impact on ecosystems and communities. T...This research critically examines the alarming case of biodiversity loss in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, focusing on identifying the causes of this decline and assessing its long-term impact on ecosystems and communities. The main reason is anthropogenic activities, including land conversion, and infrastructure using a comprehensive approach. This research employs a combination of primary and secondary data analysis techniques, encompassing surveys, focus group discussions, interviews, and field surveys. Findings: A staggering biological decline in ethnic diversity seems predictions point in the direction of it is an alarming trend that will take place by 2054. At the same time, the study reveals a worrying decline in vegetation and a dramatic expansion of built-up areas. In light of these findings, this paper strongly emphasizes the urgent need for immediate and coordinated conservation efforts. The proposed measures include conservation and restoration of critical areas, strong measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, proactive climate adaptation planning, promotion of sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, and strong public awareness campaigns to emphasize the critical importance of biodiversity conservation. Collectively, these actions are pivotal in safeguarding Gopalganj’s rich biodiversity and ensuring a sustainable future for the region and the planet at large.展开更多
This study deals with the perceptions of indigenous knowledge in the field of conservation and the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the peripheral villages of the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park (PNBN), Departm...This study deals with the perceptions of indigenous knowledge in the field of conservation and the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the peripheral villages of the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park (PNBN), Department of Mayo-Rey, Cameroon. To this end, 23 out of 70 villages in the study area were selected, for a sample of 368 households surveyed through a questionnaire addressed to the heads of households. Data collection took place from August 27 to December 22, 2022. The results reveal that 70.7% of the population living near the PNBN practice agriculture as their main income-generating activity, followed by livestock (23.3%) and trade (6%). Knowledge in the field of the conservation of natural resources is rooted in occultism through rituals and sacrifices (99.50%) offered to the geniuses of nature and prohibitions on the felling of trees and sacred animals (13.00%). The populations perceive climate change through the variation of the seasons (97.60%), the increase in temperature (84.80%), the reduction in the duration of the rainy seasons (54.60%), the drop in agricultural yield (84.80%) and floods (74.70%). The consequence of these changes on wildlife is the disappearance of animal species such as the Rhinoceros, the Wild Dog, the Cheetah and the Ostrich. In order to cope with climate change, the natives have developed strategies such as the adoption of early crop varieties (maize, millet, soybeans, etc.), the reorganization of the agricultural calendar, the practice of reforestation, extension of field surfaces, the cessation of excessive deforestation and uncontrolled bush fires, the construction of fired brick houses, the practice of irrigation, seasonal migration and occultism. This indigenous knowledge is a perfect adaptation to climate change and makes it possible to better take into account the vision of local populations in the conservation of biodiversity.展开更多
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts suc...Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Creating biodiversity to open a material cycle and achieve balance in the ecosystem is an excellent solution to ecological crises such as the greenhouse effect and freshwater depletion.
Bush fire is one of the drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide.However,the impact of bush fires on biodiversity in the West Africa Sahel is not well documented.Therefore,this study reviewed the effects of bush fires o...Bush fire is one of the drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide.However,the impact of bush fires on biodiversity in the West Africa Sahel is not well documented.Therefore,this study reviewed the effects of bush fires on biodiversity,the typology of the bush fire drivers and bush fires solutions in the West Africa Sahel via a systematic review.The authors used many research engines such as Google Scholar and Mendeley from 2010 to 2022 with some keywords in French and English.It comes from the analysis of the data that Mali is the most country affected by bush fires with an average of 35,000,000 ha burned.In Burkina Faso,bush fires burned more than 2 million hectares each year.The analysis showed also a loss of 1,675,157 ha in Niger and 56,568.10 ha in Senegal.The study recommends that climate actions should target bush fires prevention and fighting as climate response in order to promote sustainable biodiversity management in the West Africa Sahel.The study recommends also that West Africa Sahel countries develop bushfire community education programs for fire prevention.展开更多
The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate ...The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate this issue.We delve into the intricate connections between these philosophies and the natural world,and how they can inform our understanding of biodiversity threats in the context of cultural and technological evolution.Recognizing the inevitable progression of technology and its influence on human evolution and the biosphere,we turn to traditional philosophies to establish guiding principles for sustainable decision-making.We advocate for the principle:"Decisions must not result in the artificial reduction of biodiversity within the framework of evolutionary time."This principle is substantiated by reciprocal arguments that lay the foundation for the essential analyses to protect biodiversity.By adhering to this principle,we can ensure a sustainable biosphere conducive to ongoing human evolution.This study underscores the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with modern decision-making processes to address the pressing issue of biodiversity loss.展开更多
The Anthropocene proposal suggested that the Earth may have entered a new geological epoch,in which human activity and climate change are influencing the environment at global scale.Arrival of the Anthropocene is brin...The Anthropocene proposal suggested that the Earth may have entered a new geological epoch,in which human activity and climate change are influencing the environment at global scale.Arrival of the Anthropocene is bringing an unprecedented challenge to the biodiversity that is essential to humans,and enhancing many benefits of nature to human being.However,biodiversity loss is aggravating in the rhythm of inevitable change in the Anthropocene,and the adaptation of biodiversity to the anthropogenic disturbance seems unable to keep pace with the human activity and climate change.Therefore,re-examination of the assumptions and practices upon the current conservation endeavor are needed.We suggested that biodiversity conservation should be paid more attention to the response from biodiversity to the human activity and climate change in the Anthropocene.Thus,the concept of biodiversity arks in the Anthropocene is proposed,that is,biodiversity arks in the Anthropocene are the areas where vulnerable biodiversity is sheltered to alleviate human activity and buffered from climate change under the anthropogenic disturbance.The concept should be implemented for biodiversity conservation to fill gaps between our knowledge and build on successful conservation and sustainability in the Anthropocene.It will be certainly important to conservation policy instruction and management under climate change,especially the implementation of climate buffering zones preserving biodiversity in the face of warming climate.展开更多
Biodiversity and ecosystems feature prominently in many of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and associated targets,as they contribute to economic activities and human well-being.The Strategic Plan for Biodiversi...Biodiversity and ecosystems feature prominently in many of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and associated targets,as they contribute to economic activities and human well-being.The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets adopted under the Convention on Biological Diversity have established the global framework for priority actions on biodiversity.Conserving biodiversity is to protect human beings,as the diversified.展开更多
文摘The Sustainable Wetland Management adopted for this study depicts that, the identification of drivers and impacts is needed first, in other to get a clearer roadmap, after which the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework would come into play to serve as a pathway for Sustainability. The study evaluates how Sierra Leone might implement the Framework’s proposed strategies in National Wetland Management. As a result, the research tried to thoroughly examine the factors that contribute to wetland degradation as well as the effects they have on the people who live nearby. The purposive sampling method was used to administer 385 structured questionnaires to inhabitants. The data was then processed in an Excel spreadsheet. Microsoft Publisher was used to draw the framework and a descriptive analysis was done. Results indicated that;the majority of the inhabitants of Aberdeen Creek are traders/self-employed, furthermore, the majority chose the place because it’s less expensive and nearer to the workplace, settlement expansion and pollution are the two most common degrading activities, while flooding and health-related issues are some of the consequences, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is regarded to be a perfect tool for wetland management. It was concluded that to accomplish the objectives in the framework, it is necessary to have both political and social will. Satellite data and water quality research are further needed to validate the report.
文摘In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes F1 and F2 explain 27.34% of the overall variability. The different variables along the two factorial axes are weakly correlated. The caterpillar species Imbrasia truncata, Imbrasia epimethea, Imbrasia obscura, Imbrasia petiveri, Imbrasia forda and Imbrasia alopia have more host plant diversity than the caterpillar species: Imbrasia melanops, Imbrasia eblis, Imbrasia anthina, Imbrasia wahlbergii and Imbrasia oyemensis.
基金the ‘Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in Changing Environment Project’ funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (MOST-BARMM)
文摘Human activities have severely impacted on many species and ecosystems.Thus,understanding the local biodiversity situation is crucial for implementing effective biodiversity conservation interventions.Mindanao in the southern Philippines is home to various unique species,particularly in its pristine ecosystems.However,the available biodiversity data for many terrestrial vertebrates and key areas remain incomplete.To address this issue,we synthesized published literature related to biodiversity from 2000 to 2022 in Mindanao.Moreover,this analysis used four key terrestrial vertebrates(amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals)in Mindanao as research objects.According to our findings,there was a significant and positive correlation between the number of biodiversity studies and species recorded.In terms of species richness,birds were the most recorded group(n=334 spp.),followed by reptiles(n=108 spp.),mammals(n=70 spp.),and amphibians(n=52 spp.).We also found that the number of endemic and threatened species varies geographically and across taxonomic groups.Yet,we discovered a significant disparity in the information available on biodiversity in different provinces of Mindanao.For example,the western provinces of Mindanao have had no record of biodiversity for more than two decades.Furthermore,we found that the changes in tree cover loss were consistent with biodiversity records,but this correlation is only significant for birds.Finally,we highlighted some critical threats and challenges to biodiversity,including deforestation,agricultural expansion,mining,and their impact on biodiversity conservation in Mindanao.Our findings suggested that biodiversity conservation should focus not only on areas with high levels of biodiversity but also on areas lacking biodiversity information.To do this,we call for strengthening collaboration among various institutions and digitizing and centralizing of information related to biodiversity.By gaining a deeper understanding of biodiversity in Mindanao,we can better and sustainably protect critical ecosystems in this region from the increasing threats posed by human activities.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(18H02226)。
文摘Urbanization provides both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation,but patterns of urban plant diversity across land uses,especially in Asian countries,remains unclear.To determine these patterns of diversity,woody plants in 174 sample quadrats across various land use types in Kyoto City were investigated.Richness,abundance,and evenness were evaluated at city,land use,and quadrat scales,and biodiversity of different land use types was compared.At the city level,223 species in 77 families were recorded.At the land use level,residential areas had the highest total biological richness,with moderate to low evenness,while commercial areas exhibited low richness.At the quadrat level,the low-rise residential area had higher species richness than the other land uses.Species abundance and evenness in quadrats were significantly different across land use types for the canopy layer but not for the understory.The results provide insights into urban biodiversity design and management by identifying prior land uses for biodiversity improvement and by highlighting the contribution of residential private yards.Urban heterogeneity,scale,and multidimensionality should be considered when measuring urban biodiversity.
基金This research was partly supported by the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20ZR1418100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32030068)to J.Z.
文摘Species diversity of angiosperms(flowering plants) varies greatly among regions.Geographic patterns of variation in species diversity are shaped by the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,using a comprehensive data set for regional angiosperm floras across the world,we show geographic patterns of taxonomic(species) diversity,phylogenetic diversity,phylogenetic dispersion,and phylogenetic deviation(i.e.,phylogenetic diversity after accounting for taxonomic diversity) across the world.Phylogenetic diversity is strongly and positively correlated with taxonomic diversity;as a result,geographic patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across the world are highly similar.Areas with high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in tropical regions whereas areas with low taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in temperate regions,particularly in Eurasia and North America,and in northern Africa.Similarly,phylogenetic dispersion is,in general,higher in tropical regions and lower in temperate regions.However,the geographic pattern of phylogenetic deviation differs substantially from those of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion.As a result,hotspots and coldspots of angiosperm diversity identified based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion are incongruent with those identified based on phylogenetic deviations.Each of these metrics may be considered when selecting areas to be protected for their biodiversity.
文摘Malaysia's rapid economic and demographic development have placed negative pressure on its water supplies and the quality of the Juru River, which is close to the nation's capital and its major source of water. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are supported by physicochemical properties and biological diversity. This study evaluated the anthropogenic impacts on aquatic biodiversity, especially plankton, fish, and macrobenthos, as well as the water quality of the Juru River in the Penang area. Aquatic biodiversity and river water parameters were collected from ten sampling stations along the Juru River. Seven variables were used to assess the physicochemical environment: pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand. At each sampling station, the total number of plankton, fish, and macrobenthic taxa were counted and analyzed. The relationships between the physicochemical parameters and aquatic biodiversity were investigated with biotypological analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and linear regression analysis. These analyses showed that the richness and diversity indices were generally influenced by salinity, temperature, TSS, BOD, and pH. The data obtained in this study supported the bioindicator concept. The findings, as they related to scientifically informed conservation, could serve as a model for Juru River management, as well as for river management throughout Malaysia and other tropical Asian countries.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant No.32101309)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0802102)+1 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.177GJHZ2022020BS)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021050).
文摘The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change,including climate change,elevated carbon dioxide,nitrogen deposition,and land-use intensification,which poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning.Nev-ertheless,studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)have consistently demonstrated that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning and its stability,even in variable environmental conditions.These findings potentially indicate the critical role of biodiversity in promoting sustainable provi-sioning of ecosystem functioning under global change.Our paper provides a comprehensive review of current BEF research and the response of BEF to multiple global change factors.We demonstrate that(1)assessing the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning requires consideration of multiple dimensions of diversity,such as diversity across multiple trophic levels(plants,animals,and microbes),multiple facets(taxonomy,functional traits,and phylogeny),and multiple spatial scales(local,regional,and landscape scales).(2)The interaction of multiple global change factors may lead to a greater reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning than a single global change factor.(3)Multidimensional biodiversity regulates the response of ecosystem functioning to global change factors,indicating that high levels of multidimensional biodiversity can mitigate the negative impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning.Overall,we emphasize that recognizing the importance of multidimensional biodiversity is critical for sustaining ecosystem functioning.Therefore,prioritizing conserva-tion efforts to maintain and enhance all dimensions of biodiversity is essential to address the challenges of future global change.
基金Sponsored by the Key Technology Innovation and Demonstration Project of Forest and Grass of Hebei Province(2306090)Key Research and Development Plan of Hebei Province(22327601D,20327601D)。
文摘Through the introduction of the concept,content,conservation significance and species value of biodiversity,the cognition of the research content,analysis methods and research directions of biodiversity was deepened.In view of the problems faced by biodiversity conservation at present,such as the accelerated disappearance of species,the unsound protection regulation system,the irrational spatial pattern of species protection,and the lack of long-term follow-up research,specific improvement suggestions were put forward,and have a positive guiding significance for future biodiversity conservation.
文摘In order to actively implement the Convention on Biological Diversity and help Shenzhen build a "park city" and a model of beautiful China, the concepts of landscape ecology, landscape urbanism and bio friendly city are introduced to build an evaluation system for biodiversity friendly parks in Longhua District, and explore the relationship between "bio friendly living space" and "city". According to the evaluation system, the Guanlan Printmaking Base scores a total of 273 points, which is rated as a relatively friendly level. In order to coordinate the development between the city and the biosphere and contribute to the goal of building a biodiversity based urban park, the construction of a biodiversity friendly park in Guanlan Printmaking Base is carried out in terms of comprehensive design, plant community construction and biodiversity friendly facilities construction according to the construction principles of biological priority guidance, functional integration and diversification, respect for the park's regionality, and valuing the reachability of natural space.
文摘Ladakh’s cropped and non-cropped areas suffer greatly from weedy invasion under subsistence agricultural system where weeding is not a priority but total crop + weed biomass together contribute to livestock feeding significantly. As agriculture along with livestock rearing is major activity of livelihood options, thereby contributing significantly to Ladakh economy and income generation for supporting resource poor farmers. Amongst various invasive weed species, the common reed (Phragmites australis) has become a serious ecological threat for agri-silvi-pastoral system biodiversity and accelerated its expansion in cropped lands including many wetland and salt-affected habitats of cold arid region due to its intermediate plant growth habit of C3 - C4 photosynthetic ecotypes. This character makes Phragmites a climate-resilient species, which is a major challenge for cold arid agriculture in the changing climatic patterns. Simultaneously, it is one of the best fodder substitute available under harsh climate. This paper deals with its unique characters and potential threats to the agrobiodiversity of Ladakh.
文摘A few studies have highlighted the degradation of shea tree fruits mainly due to insects in Burkina Faso. The insects associated with these non-timber forest products are still poorly known, hence the interest of this study. The objective of the study is to make a qualitative inventory of the biodiversity of insect pests of shea fruits during the ripening period in two different ecosystems. It was carried out in 2021 in three locations of the Ziro province. 30 shea fruit trees distributed in 9 sites listed in agrosystems and protected areas were selected for monitoring and collecting insects infested with the fruits. The inventory identified 25 species in 13 families clustered in 5 orders. The order of Diptera, composed of 6 families with 15 species recorded, is the most dominant order in this diversity. Among the different families, 3 of them, Calliphoridae, Tephritidae and Muscidae, present at least 3 species each. 7 species are mainly associated with fruit damage with a predominance of Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). 91.33% of the emergences from infested fruits and 43.41% of the individuals trapped belong to this species. C. silvestrii, which presents a homogeneity in its distribution between locations and ecosystems, is therefore the main pest species of shea fruits in production in this zone. The results suggest the need to determine the economic importance of Tephritidae infesting shea fruits.
文摘This research critically examines the alarming case of biodiversity loss in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, focusing on identifying the causes of this decline and assessing its long-term impact on ecosystems and communities. The main reason is anthropogenic activities, including land conversion, and infrastructure using a comprehensive approach. This research employs a combination of primary and secondary data analysis techniques, encompassing surveys, focus group discussions, interviews, and field surveys. Findings: A staggering biological decline in ethnic diversity seems predictions point in the direction of it is an alarming trend that will take place by 2054. At the same time, the study reveals a worrying decline in vegetation and a dramatic expansion of built-up areas. In light of these findings, this paper strongly emphasizes the urgent need for immediate and coordinated conservation efforts. The proposed measures include conservation and restoration of critical areas, strong measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, proactive climate adaptation planning, promotion of sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, and strong public awareness campaigns to emphasize the critical importance of biodiversity conservation. Collectively, these actions are pivotal in safeguarding Gopalganj’s rich biodiversity and ensuring a sustainable future for the region and the planet at large.
文摘This study deals with the perceptions of indigenous knowledge in the field of conservation and the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the peripheral villages of the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park (PNBN), Department of Mayo-Rey, Cameroon. To this end, 23 out of 70 villages in the study area were selected, for a sample of 368 households surveyed through a questionnaire addressed to the heads of households. Data collection took place from August 27 to December 22, 2022. The results reveal that 70.7% of the population living near the PNBN practice agriculture as their main income-generating activity, followed by livestock (23.3%) and trade (6%). Knowledge in the field of the conservation of natural resources is rooted in occultism through rituals and sacrifices (99.50%) offered to the geniuses of nature and prohibitions on the felling of trees and sacred animals (13.00%). The populations perceive climate change through the variation of the seasons (97.60%), the increase in temperature (84.80%), the reduction in the duration of the rainy seasons (54.60%), the drop in agricultural yield (84.80%) and floods (74.70%). The consequence of these changes on wildlife is the disappearance of animal species such as the Rhinoceros, the Wild Dog, the Cheetah and the Ostrich. In order to cope with climate change, the natives have developed strategies such as the adoption of early crop varieties (maize, millet, soybeans, etc.), the reorganization of the agricultural calendar, the practice of reforestation, extension of field surfaces, the cessation of excessive deforestation and uncontrolled bush fires, the construction of fired brick houses, the practice of irrigation, seasonal migration and occultism. This indigenous knowledge is a perfect adaptation to climate change and makes it possible to better take into account the vision of local populations in the conservation of biodiversity.
文摘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.
文摘Creating biodiversity to open a material cycle and achieve balance in the ecosystem is an excellent solution to ecological crises such as the greenhouse effect and freshwater depletion.
文摘Bush fire is one of the drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide.However,the impact of bush fires on biodiversity in the West Africa Sahel is not well documented.Therefore,this study reviewed the effects of bush fires on biodiversity,the typology of the bush fire drivers and bush fires solutions in the West Africa Sahel via a systematic review.The authors used many research engines such as Google Scholar and Mendeley from 2010 to 2022 with some keywords in French and English.It comes from the analysis of the data that Mali is the most country affected by bush fires with an average of 35,000,000 ha burned.In Burkina Faso,bush fires burned more than 2 million hectares each year.The analysis showed also a loss of 1,675,157 ha in Niger and 56,568.10 ha in Senegal.The study recommends that climate actions should target bush fires prevention and fighting as climate response in order to promote sustainable biodiversity management in the West Africa Sahel.The study recommends also that West Africa Sahel countries develop bushfire community education programs for fire prevention.
文摘The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate this issue.We delve into the intricate connections between these philosophies and the natural world,and how they can inform our understanding of biodiversity threats in the context of cultural and technological evolution.Recognizing the inevitable progression of technology and its influence on human evolution and the biosphere,we turn to traditional philosophies to establish guiding principles for sustainable decision-making.We advocate for the principle:"Decisions must not result in the artificial reduction of biodiversity within the framework of evolutionary time."This principle is substantiated by reciprocal arguments that lay the foundation for the essential analyses to protect biodiversity.By adhering to this principle,we can ensure a sustainable biosphere conducive to ongoing human evolution.This study underscores the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with modern decision-making processes to address the pressing issue of biodiversity loss.
基金This work was financially supported by the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018432).
文摘The Anthropocene proposal suggested that the Earth may have entered a new geological epoch,in which human activity and climate change are influencing the environment at global scale.Arrival of the Anthropocene is bringing an unprecedented challenge to the biodiversity that is essential to humans,and enhancing many benefits of nature to human being.However,biodiversity loss is aggravating in the rhythm of inevitable change in the Anthropocene,and the adaptation of biodiversity to the anthropogenic disturbance seems unable to keep pace with the human activity and climate change.Therefore,re-examination of the assumptions and practices upon the current conservation endeavor are needed.We suggested that biodiversity conservation should be paid more attention to the response from biodiversity to the human activity and climate change in the Anthropocene.Thus,the concept of biodiversity arks in the Anthropocene is proposed,that is,biodiversity arks in the Anthropocene are the areas where vulnerable biodiversity is sheltered to alleviate human activity and buffered from climate change under the anthropogenic disturbance.The concept should be implemented for biodiversity conservation to fill gaps between our knowledge and build on successful conservation and sustainability in the Anthropocene.It will be certainly important to conservation policy instruction and management under climate change,especially the implementation of climate buffering zones preserving biodiversity in the face of warming climate.
文摘Biodiversity and ecosystems feature prominently in many of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and associated targets,as they contribute to economic activities and human well-being.The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets adopted under the Convention on Biological Diversity have established the global framework for priority actions on biodiversity.Conserving biodiversity is to protect human beings,as the diversified.
