[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,...[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was estimated,and its environmental benefit was analyzed.[Result] Biomass resources in Shandong Province mainly refer to crop residues,forest residues,grassland changed from degraded land.If degraded land became grassland,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was 182.808 8 million tons and 2.68×1015 kJ respectively.Meanwhile,the reduction of total emission of CO2,SO2 and nitrogen oxides was up to 241.265 million tons,and the reduced emission of SO2 accounted for 48.9% of annual SO2 emission in Shandong in 2009.Planting energy crops plays important roles in the development of new energy sources,reduction of greenhouse gas emission and environmental protection.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundations for the establishment of energy policy and study on development strategy of biomass energy in Shandong Province.展开更多
Heat is the largest energy end-use in the world,accounting for about 50%of global final energy consumption.In 2019,the International Energy Agency pointed out that the development of renewable energy heating has becom...Heat is the largest energy end-use in the world,accounting for about 50%of global final energy consumption.In 2019,the International Energy Agency pointed out that the development of renewable energy heating has become a key way for the global response to climate change,environmental pollution control,energy transformation and sustainable development.Biomass energy as a priority for the development of renewable heat sources has been valued by countries around the world.Developed earlier in the EU countries,their biomass heating technology is more mature,and their policy system is more comprehensive.Accounting for 86%of the total renewable thermal energy consumption,biothermal energy in these countries has achieved significant effect and become an important driving force for the decarbonization of the heating industry.This practice has a very high demonstration effect globally.This paper constructs a comprehensive zoning theoretical framework of biomass energy heating and utilization in the EU countries.Based on the calculation of the supply and demand potential of biomass energy heating system,the FCM method is used to quantify the status of biomass resource utilization in 28 EU countries.The results show that there are significant differences in the utilization of biomass energy heating in the EU countries,which can be divided into five categories of comprehensive zones,which are the key development category(Finland,Sweden,Denmark,Estonia,Lithuania and Latvia),resource priority category(Austria,Croatia,Bulgaria,Romania,and Slovenia),policy-oriented category(Germany,Italy,Portugal,and Cyprus),good-potential category(Czech Republic,Hungary,Greece,Spain,Poland,France,and Slovakia)and under-developed category(UK,Netherlands,Belgium,Ireland,Luxembourg and Malta).At the same time,this paper discusses the characteristics and causes of biomass heating utilization of different types of EU countries,and summarizes the mature heating systems and rich experience in the EU countries with China’s current heating situation and its future challenges concerning renewable energy development.Finally,this study provides some implications for China’s clean heating development,energy efficient use,energy supply security and energy structure upgrade.展开更多
Biomass energy is an important constituent of the world's future sustainable energy source system,but current biomass energy conversion techniques have low efficiency and cause secondary pollution to environment e...Biomass energy is an important constituent of the world's future sustainable energy source system,but current biomass energy conversion techniques have low efficiency and cause secondary pollution to environment easily. Bio-electrochemical system( BES) appeared in recent years could realize the clean efficient conversion of biomass energy,and has become a research hotspot in the biomass energy field. In this study,the research and application of BES in biomass energy conversion were overviewed,and the existing problems were analyzed.展开更多
I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of...I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.展开更多
This study analyzes the impact of biomass energy,financial development,and economic growth on environmental quality using the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)approach on annual data for the period 1...This study analyzes the impact of biomass energy,financial development,and economic growth on environmental quality using the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)approach on annual data for the period 1965–2018 in the United States(USA).The study analyzes the impact of related variables on the load capacity factor(LCF)as well as on indicators of environmental degradation such as carbon dioxide emissions and ecological footprint.The LCF is one of the most comprehensive environmental indicators to date,encompassing both biocapacity and ecological footprint.In this regard,this study contributes to the environmental economics literature by examining,for the first time,the impact of biomass energy on the LCF.The results of the cointegration test show that there is only a long-run relationship between the LCF and the independent variables.According to the Fourier ARDL results,biomass energy improves the environmental quality,while financial development has no effect on the LCF.Moreover,the increase in per capita income reduces the LCF.Furthermore,since the income elasticity is larger in the long run than in the short-run,the environmental Kuznets curve is validated.Therefore,the United States government should encourage the use of biomass and investment in this form of energy.展开更多
With the expansion and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,there is a constant need for new energy sources for the construction of new townships.Consequently,integrated energy systems with the interconne...With the expansion and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,there is a constant need for new energy sources for the construction of new townships.Consequently,integrated energy systems with the interconnection and interaction of multiple energy sources are developing rapidly.Biomass energy,a renewable green energy source with low pollution and wide distribution,has significant application potential in integrated energy systems.Considering the application of biomass energy in townships,this study established an integrated biomass energy system and proposed a model to optimize its operation.Lowest economic cost and highest clean energy utilization rate were considered as the objective functions.In addition,a plan was suggested to adjust the heat-electricity ratio based on the characteristics of the combined heat and power of the biomass.Finally,a simulation analysis conducted for a town in China was discussed,demonstrating that the construction of a township integrated-energy system and the use of biomass can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the energy utilization rate.Moreover,by adjusting the heat-electricity ratio,the economic cost was further reduced by 6.70%,whereas the clean energy utilization rate was increased by 5.14%.展开更多
The clean transformation of the China’s energy structure is related to the establishment of China as an energy power in the new world pattern.The multi-energy systems based on renewable energy,especially solar energy...The clean transformation of the China’s energy structure is related to the establishment of China as an energy power in the new world pattern.The multi-energy systems based on renewable energy,especially solar energy and biomass energy,have become a popular energy supply mode.However,there is no clear theoretical guidance for the quantitative source integration of these two types of clean energy.Concretely,whether the source grades of solar energy and biomass energy are similar in different solar energy modes has not been considered yet.Aiming at this problem,based on the theory of space-time unity of the special theory of relativity,a new principle of source integration is proposed,and the corresponding mathematical model is established.The theoretical calculation of the combination of solar energy and different types of biomass energy is carried out.Under the premise of the similarity between the source grades of different biomass energy and solar energy,the specific solar energy concentration ratio is obtained.According to this principle,the matching efficiency of the multi-energy integration for rice and corn plants can be increased by 39.2%and 36.2%,respectively.展开更多
The present research work has been carried out on biomass based on 10 kW capacity gasifier power generation system installed at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural Uni...The present research work has been carried out on biomass based on 10 kW capacity gasifier power generation system installed at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University(Dr.PDKV),Akola Maharashtra,India.The main objectives were to evaluate various costs and benefits involved in the power generation system.The costs of energy per unit were calculated for the first year of operation.The economics of gasifier based power generation system and thereby the feasibility of the system was examined by estimating per unit cost,Net Present Value(NPV),Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR),Internal Rate of Return(IRR)and payback period.The discount cash flow method was used to find out the IRR.In the present analysis,three costs viz.,installed capital cost,operation and maintenance cost,and levelised replacement cost were examined for the evaluation of the power generation per unit.Discount rate on investment in case of subsidy(Case I)and in case without subsidy(Case II)for installation cost of system was considered as 12.75%.The BCR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h are 1.24,1.18,and 1.13,respectively.Similarly for Case II BCR comes 1.44,1.38,and 2.39.The IRR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h are 26%,22%,and 19%,respectively.Similarly for Case II,IRR comes 52%,44%,and 39%for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h,respectively.The payback period in the present analysis was worked out.The payback period for biomass based gasifier power generation system was observed to be for Case I from three to four years and for Case II it was one to two years.展开更多
China’s first biomass electricity company focuses on helping farmers as it strives to expand In April 2011,the world’s largest biomass power company,China National Bio Energy Co.Ltd.(NBE),began building a biomass po...China’s first biomass electricity company focuses on helping farmers as it strives to expand In April 2011,the world’s largest biomass power company,China National Bio Energy Co.Ltd.(NBE),began building a biomass power plant in Shangcai County of central China’s Henan Province.The new plant,due to展开更多
At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass ener...At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass energy industry are coming to mature.China has issued relevant industrial standards laws and regulations,and has provided support in finance,loan,tax,etc.But China's biomass energy industry is faced with many problems which need to be solved.For example,taking grain as raw materials is unsustain...展开更多
Elephant grass is a tropical forage plant widely spread in Brazil, used mainly in the livestock sector and in cattle feeding. Because of its high productivity and photosynthetic capacity, this culture has also been co...Elephant grass is a tropical forage plant widely spread in Brazil, used mainly in the livestock sector and in cattle feeding. Because of its high productivity and photosynthetic capacity, this culture has also been considered an alternative source of renewable energy. Six clones of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were evaluated under five levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg·N·ha-1), in a randomized-block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates, from April 2010 to December 2012, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes— RJ, Brazil. The objective was to obtain estimates of variation in morpho-agronomic traits and biomass quality. We observed that genotypes Cameroon-Piracicaba and Gua?u I/Z2 have great potential to be used, with maximum dry matter yields of 60.97 and 44.10 t·ha-1 per cut for energy purposes among the studied genotypes.展开更多
In developing countries,solar energy is the largest source of energy,accounting for 35%–45%of the total energy supply.This energy resource plays a vital role in meeting the energy needs of the world,especially in Vie...In developing countries,solar energy is the largest source of energy,accounting for 35%–45%of the total energy supply.This energy resource plays a vital role in meeting the energy needs of the world,especially in Vietnam.Vietnam has favorable natural conditions for this energy production.Because it is hot and humid,and it has much rainfall and fertile soil,biomass develops very quickly.Therefore,byproducts from agriculture and forestry are abundant and continuously increasing.However,byproducts that are considered natural waste have become the cause of environmental pollution;these include burning forests,straw,and sawdust in the North;and rice husks dumped into rivers and canals in the Mekong Delta region.Biomass energy is provided in a short cycle,is environmentally safe to use and is encouraged by organizations that support sustainable development.Taking advantage of this energy source provides energy for economic development and ensures environmental protection.Due to the abovementioned favorable conditions,many biomass energy plants are being built in Vietnam.Like other renewable energy investment projects,the selection of the construction contractor,the selection of equipment for the installation of the power plant,and the choice of construction site are complex multi-criteria decisions.In this case,decisionmakers must evaluate many qualitative and quantitative factors.These factors interact with each other and it is difficult to use personal experience to choose the optimal solution for such complex decision-making problems,especially in a fuzzy decision-making environment.Therefore,in this study,the authors use a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)model that uses a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP)model and the Combined Compromise Solution(CoCoSo)algorithm to select biomass furnace suppliers utilizing both qualitative and quantitative factors.Furthermore,the results of this work will provide the first look at a hybrid CoCoSo/FAHP method that decision-makers in other fields can use to find the best supplier.展开更多
Purpose: This paper aims to point out the scientific development and research density of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, using a mix of computational tools. Based on this, it was poss...Purpose: This paper aims to point out the scientific development and research density of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, using a mix of computational tools. Based on this, it was possible to verify the existence of new research trends and opportunities in a macro view regarding management, performance evaluation, and decision-making in renewable energy generation systems and installations.Design/methodology/approach: A scientometric approach was used based on a research protocol to retrieve papers from the Scopus database, and through four scientometric questions, to analyze each area. Software such as the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool(Sci MAT) and Sci2 Tool were used to map the science development and density.Findings: The scientific development of renewable energy areas is highlighted, pointing out research opportunities regarding management, studies on costs and investments, systemic diagnosis, and performance evaluation for decision-making in businesses in these areas.Research limitations: This paper was limited to the articles indexed in the Scopus database and by the questions used to analyze the scientific development of renewable energy areas.Practical implications: The results show the need for a managerial perspective in businesses related to renewable energy sources at the managerial, technical, and operational levels, including performance evaluation, assertive decision making, and adequate use of technical and financial resources.Originality/value: This paper shows that there is a research field to be explored, with gaps to fill and further research to be carried out in this area. Besides, this paper can serve as a basis for other studies and research in other areas and domains.展开更多
Feedback supply chain is a key structure in the supply chain system, and the development of feedback supply chain for biogas biomass energy is one of the important ways of the rural ecological civilization constructio...Feedback supply chain is a key structure in the supply chain system, and the development of feedback supply chain for biogas biomass energy is one of the important ways of the rural ecological civilization construction. Presently, the efficiency problem of biogas supply chain in rural China has been restricting the development of biogas biomass energy business. This article, on the basis of combination of regulation parameters, describes the dynamic changes in the system, using differential equations integrated with simulation to reveal the rules of regulation parameters to investigate the efficiency problem in the biogas supply chain. First of all, on the basis of the actual situation, the flow level and flow rate system structure model and simulation equation set are established for the biogas energy feedback supply chain from a scale livestock farm to peasant households; On the basis of the differentiability of the simulation equation a third order inhomogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients containing regulative parameters is established for the quantity of biogas stored in the feedback supply chain. A theorem and its corollaries are established for the operating efficiency of supply chain to reveal the change law of the quantity of biogas,the quantity of biogas consumed daily by peasant households and its standard-reaching rate as well as other variables.展开更多
Excessive consumption of fossil fuels in the industry sector has caused hij»h operating costs and severe environmental pollution,advocating a cost-effective and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.I'his p...Excessive consumption of fossil fuels in the industry sector has caused hij»h operating costs and severe environmental pollution,advocating a cost-effective and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.I'his paper proposes an enhanced utilization mechanism of biomass-to-syngas(B2S)to provide various types of steam flows in industrial multi-energy systems(MESs).In this mechanism,the available generations from renewable energy sources(RESs)can be harvested to assist in the biomass gasification in a B2S gasifier for enhancing the syngas yield and its calorific value.A thermodynamic interaction model for B2S is formulated to capture gasification temperature dynamics under high-temperature steam injections and optimally control the thermochemical behaviors of biomass drying,pyrolysis,and gasification.A B2S based energy hub framework with its multienergy coupling matrix is formulated for mapping the input hiomass-wind-solar energy into electricity,syngas,and various types of’steam carriers to satisfy industrial energy cieniands.A hierarchical multi-timeframe dispatch scheme is developed for the energy-efficient conversion and utilization of multi-energy carriers to minimize the system operation costs.Comparative studies are implemented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methodology on system operational economy and sustainability.展开更多
The main purpose of this study is to design and implement a small-scale biogas digest system, which can provide a certain amount of natural gas (N.G.). The percentage of methane gases emissions according to the variou...The main purpose of this study is to design and implement a small-scale biogas digest system, which can provide a certain amount of natural gas (N.G.). The percentage of methane gases emissions according to the various research studies is around 25% of the total emission gases of the waste materials. For all industrialized nations, food waste costs approximately $680 billion/year. The dramatic increase in population and the waste of organic and non-organic materials lead to the use of biomass energy as the source of the renewable energy system to produce a natural gas (N.G.), which can be utilized in cooking or commercialized for the public. The burn out of the waste and the garbage materials causes tremendous pollution and global warming;however, utilizing the Biogas Digest System (BDS) will stop polluting the surrounding environment. The amount of natural gases production was measured for various atmospheric conditions. The important findings of this study are the amount of N.G., which can be increased by mixing two different types of organic waste materials.展开更多
A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to conduct a kinetic investigation of rice husk pyrolysis. The major goal is to investigate the reaction kinetics of rice husk at various heating rates in an inert 99.5 percent ni...A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to conduct a kinetic investigation of rice husk pyrolysis. The major goal is to investigate the reaction kinetics of rice husk at various heating rates in an inert 99.5 percent nitrogen atmosphere. Kinetics’ importance can be explained by the fact that it provides evidence for chemical process mechanisms. Understanding reaction mechanisms can help you figure out the best way to get a reaction to happen. Furthermore, it is of fundamental scientific interest. The samples were heated at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 40 K min<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> from ambient temperature to 973 K. The thermal degradation characteristics and the kinetic parameter were determined. The values show that the activation energy (E<sub>a</sub>) and pre-exponential factor (A) vary with heating rates and temperature.展开更多
Increasing intermittent renewable energy sources(RESs)intensifies the imbalance between demand and generation,entailing the diversification of the deployment of electrical energy storage systems(ESSs).A large-scale bi...Increasing intermittent renewable energy sources(RESs)intensifies the imbalance between demand and generation,entailing the diversification of the deployment of electrical energy storage systems(ESSs).A large-scale biogas plant(LBP)installed with heating devices and biogas energy storage(BES)usually exhibits a storage-like characteristic of accommodating an increasing penetration level of RES in rural areas,which is addressed in this paper.By utilizing the temperature-sensitive characteristic of anaerobic digestion that enables the LBP to exhibit a storage-like characteristic,this paper proposes a bi-level energy trading model incorporating LBP and demand response aggregator(DRA)simultaneously.In this model,social welfare is maximized at the upper level while the profit of DRA is maximized at the lower level.Compared with cases only with DRA,the results show that the proposed model with the LBP improves the on-site accommodation capacity of photovoltaic(PV)generation up to 6.3%,18.1%,and 18.9%at 30%,40%,and 50%PV penetration levels,respectively,with a better economic performance.This nonlinear bi-level problem is finally recast by a single-level mathematical program with equilibrium constraints(MPEC)using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions and solved by the Cplex solver.The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using a 33-bus test system and a sensitivity analysis is provided for analyzing what parameter influences the accommodation capacity most.展开更多
Gasification is a sustainable approach for biomass waste treatment with simultaneous combustible H2-syngas production.However,this thermochemical process was quite complicated with multi-phase products generated.The p...Gasification is a sustainable approach for biomass waste treatment with simultaneous combustible H2-syngas production.However,this thermochemical process was quite complicated with multi-phase products generated.The product distribution and composition also highly depend on the feedstock information and gasification condition.At present,it is still challenging to fully understand and optimize this process.In this context,four datadriven machine learning(ML)methods were applied to model the biomass waste gasification process for product prediction and process interpretation and optimization.The results indicated that the Gradient Boosting Regression(GBR)model showed good performance for predicting three-phase products and syngas compositions with test R^(2)of 0.82–0.96.The GBR model-based interpretation suggested that both feed and gasification condition(including the contents of feedstock ash,carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and gasification temperature)were important factors influencing the distribution of char,tar,and syngas.Furthermore,it was found that a feedstock with higher carbon(>48%),lower nitrogen(<0.5%),and ash(1%–5%)contents under a temperature over 800℃could achieve a higher yield of H_(2)-rich syngas.It was shown that the optimal conditions suggested by the model could achieve an output containing 60%–62%syngas and achieve an H_(2)yield of 44.34 mol/kg.These valuable insights provided from the model-based interpretation could aid the understanding and optimization of biomass gasification to guide the production of H_(2)-rich syngas.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Key Project of Shandong Province(2008GG20007002 )Soft Scientific Research Planing Project(2009RKB161)Science and Technology Planning Project of Higher Education of Shandong Province(J08LI59)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was estimated,and its environmental benefit was analyzed.[Result] Biomass resources in Shandong Province mainly refer to crop residues,forest residues,grassland changed from degraded land.If degraded land became grassland,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was 182.808 8 million tons and 2.68×1015 kJ respectively.Meanwhile,the reduction of total emission of CO2,SO2 and nitrogen oxides was up to 241.265 million tons,and the reduced emission of SO2 accounted for 48.9% of annual SO2 emission in Shandong in 2009.Planting energy crops plays important roles in the development of new energy sources,reduction of greenhouse gas emission and environmental protection.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundations for the establishment of energy policy and study on development strategy of biomass energy in Shandong Province.
文摘Heat is the largest energy end-use in the world,accounting for about 50%of global final energy consumption.In 2019,the International Energy Agency pointed out that the development of renewable energy heating has become a key way for the global response to climate change,environmental pollution control,energy transformation and sustainable development.Biomass energy as a priority for the development of renewable heat sources has been valued by countries around the world.Developed earlier in the EU countries,their biomass heating technology is more mature,and their policy system is more comprehensive.Accounting for 86%of the total renewable thermal energy consumption,biothermal energy in these countries has achieved significant effect and become an important driving force for the decarbonization of the heating industry.This practice has a very high demonstration effect globally.This paper constructs a comprehensive zoning theoretical framework of biomass energy heating and utilization in the EU countries.Based on the calculation of the supply and demand potential of biomass energy heating system,the FCM method is used to quantify the status of biomass resource utilization in 28 EU countries.The results show that there are significant differences in the utilization of biomass energy heating in the EU countries,which can be divided into five categories of comprehensive zones,which are the key development category(Finland,Sweden,Denmark,Estonia,Lithuania and Latvia),resource priority category(Austria,Croatia,Bulgaria,Romania,and Slovenia),policy-oriented category(Germany,Italy,Portugal,and Cyprus),good-potential category(Czech Republic,Hungary,Greece,Spain,Poland,France,and Slovakia)and under-developed category(UK,Netherlands,Belgium,Ireland,Luxembourg and Malta).At the same time,this paper discusses the characteristics and causes of biomass heating utilization of different types of EU countries,and summarizes the mature heating systems and rich experience in the EU countries with China’s current heating situation and its future challenges concerning renewable energy development.Finally,this study provides some implications for China’s clean heating development,energy efficient use,energy supply security and energy structure upgrade.
基金Supported by a Project of Shandong Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(J16LD03)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Binzhou University(2014Y17)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2014EEP009)Shandong Key Research and Development Plan(2015GNC111018,2016GSF117021)
文摘Biomass energy is an important constituent of the world's future sustainable energy source system,but current biomass energy conversion techniques have low efficiency and cause secondary pollution to environment easily. Bio-electrochemical system( BES) appeared in recent years could realize the clean efficient conversion of biomass energy,and has become a research hotspot in the biomass energy field. In this study,the research and application of BES in biomass energy conversion were overviewed,and the existing problems were analyzed.
文摘I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.
文摘This study analyzes the impact of biomass energy,financial development,and economic growth on environmental quality using the novel Fourier autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)approach on annual data for the period 1965–2018 in the United States(USA).The study analyzes the impact of related variables on the load capacity factor(LCF)as well as on indicators of environmental degradation such as carbon dioxide emissions and ecological footprint.The LCF is one of the most comprehensive environmental indicators to date,encompassing both biocapacity and ecological footprint.In this regard,this study contributes to the environmental economics literature by examining,for the first time,the impact of biomass energy on the LCF.The results of the cointegration test show that there is only a long-run relationship between the LCF and the independent variables.According to the Fourier ARDL results,biomass energy improves the environmental quality,while financial development has no effect on the LCF.Moreover,the increase in per capita income reduces the LCF.Furthermore,since the income elasticity is larger in the long run than in the short-run,the environmental Kuznets curve is validated.Therefore,the United States government should encourage the use of biomass and investment in this form of energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2066211)。
文摘With the expansion and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,there is a constant need for new energy sources for the construction of new townships.Consequently,integrated energy systems with the interconnection and interaction of multiple energy sources are developing rapidly.Biomass energy,a renewable green energy source with low pollution and wide distribution,has significant application potential in integrated energy systems.Considering the application of biomass energy in townships,this study established an integrated biomass energy system and proposed a model to optimize its operation.Lowest economic cost and highest clean energy utilization rate were considered as the objective functions.In addition,a plan was suggested to adjust the heat-electricity ratio based on the characteristics of the combined heat and power of the biomass.Finally,a simulation analysis conducted for a town in China was discussed,demonstrating that the construction of a township integrated-energy system and the use of biomass can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the energy utilization rate.Moreover,by adjusting the heat-electricity ratio,the economic cost was further reduced by 6.70%,whereas the clean energy utilization rate was increased by 5.14%.
文摘The clean transformation of the China’s energy structure is related to the establishment of China as an energy power in the new world pattern.The multi-energy systems based on renewable energy,especially solar energy and biomass energy,have become a popular energy supply mode.However,there is no clear theoretical guidance for the quantitative source integration of these two types of clean energy.Concretely,whether the source grades of solar energy and biomass energy are similar in different solar energy modes has not been considered yet.Aiming at this problem,based on the theory of space-time unity of the special theory of relativity,a new principle of source integration is proposed,and the corresponding mathematical model is established.The theoretical calculation of the combination of solar energy and different types of biomass energy is carried out.Under the premise of the similarity between the source grades of different biomass energy and solar energy,the specific solar energy concentration ratio is obtained.According to this principle,the matching efficiency of the multi-energy integration for rice and corn plants can be increased by 39.2%and 36.2%,respectively.
文摘The present research work has been carried out on biomass based on 10 kW capacity gasifier power generation system installed at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University(Dr.PDKV),Akola Maharashtra,India.The main objectives were to evaluate various costs and benefits involved in the power generation system.The costs of energy per unit were calculated for the first year of operation.The economics of gasifier based power generation system and thereby the feasibility of the system was examined by estimating per unit cost,Net Present Value(NPV),Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR),Internal Rate of Return(IRR)and payback period.The discount cash flow method was used to find out the IRR.In the present analysis,three costs viz.,installed capital cost,operation and maintenance cost,and levelised replacement cost were examined for the evaluation of the power generation per unit.Discount rate on investment in case of subsidy(Case I)and in case without subsidy(Case II)for installation cost of system was considered as 12.75%.The BCR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h are 1.24,1.18,and 1.13,respectively.Similarly for Case II BCR comes 1.44,1.38,and 2.39.The IRR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h are 26%,22%,and 19%,respectively.Similarly for Case II,IRR comes 52%,44%,and 39%for operating duration of 22 h,20 h,and 16 h,respectively.The payback period in the present analysis was worked out.The payback period for biomass based gasifier power generation system was observed to be for Case I from three to four years and for Case II it was one to two years.
文摘China’s first biomass electricity company focuses on helping farmers as it strives to expand In April 2011,the world’s largest biomass power company,China National Bio Energy Co.Ltd.(NBE),began building a biomass power plant in Shangcai County of central China’s Henan Province.The new plant,due to
文摘At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass energy industry are coming to mature.China has issued relevant industrial standards laws and regulations,and has provided support in finance,loan,tax,etc.But China's biomass energy industry is faced with many problems which need to be solved.For example,taking grain as raw materials is unsustain...
文摘Elephant grass is a tropical forage plant widely spread in Brazil, used mainly in the livestock sector and in cattle feeding. Because of its high productivity and photosynthetic capacity, this culture has also been considered an alternative source of renewable energy. Six clones of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were evaluated under five levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg·N·ha-1), in a randomized-block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates, from April 2010 to December 2012, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes— RJ, Brazil. The objective was to obtain estimates of variation in morpho-agronomic traits and biomass quality. We observed that genotypes Cameroon-Piracicaba and Gua?u I/Z2 have great potential to be used, with maximum dry matter yields of 60.97 and 44.10 t·ha-1 per cut for energy purposes among the studied genotypes.
文摘In developing countries,solar energy is the largest source of energy,accounting for 35%–45%of the total energy supply.This energy resource plays a vital role in meeting the energy needs of the world,especially in Vietnam.Vietnam has favorable natural conditions for this energy production.Because it is hot and humid,and it has much rainfall and fertile soil,biomass develops very quickly.Therefore,byproducts from agriculture and forestry are abundant and continuously increasing.However,byproducts that are considered natural waste have become the cause of environmental pollution;these include burning forests,straw,and sawdust in the North;and rice husks dumped into rivers and canals in the Mekong Delta region.Biomass energy is provided in a short cycle,is environmentally safe to use and is encouraged by organizations that support sustainable development.Taking advantage of this energy source provides energy for economic development and ensures environmental protection.Due to the abovementioned favorable conditions,many biomass energy plants are being built in Vietnam.Like other renewable energy investment projects,the selection of the construction contractor,the selection of equipment for the installation of the power plant,and the choice of construction site are complex multi-criteria decisions.In this case,decisionmakers must evaluate many qualitative and quantitative factors.These factors interact with each other and it is difficult to use personal experience to choose the optimal solution for such complex decision-making problems,especially in a fuzzy decision-making environment.Therefore,in this study,the authors use a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)model that uses a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP)model and the Combined Compromise Solution(CoCoSo)algorithm to select biomass furnace suppliers utilizing both qualitative and quantitative factors.Furthermore,the results of this work will provide the first look at a hybrid CoCoSo/FAHP method that decision-makers in other fields can use to find the best supplier.
基金supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [grant numbers 142448/2018-4, 308723/2017-1, 311926/2017-7 and 465640/2014-1]Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) [grant number 23038.000776/2017-54]+2 种基金Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) [grant number 17/2551-0000517-1]supported by a post doc grant of CAPES – Brazil (CAPES process Baierle No. 88887.464876/2019-00)CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS and Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia – Gera■o Distribuída (INCT-GD) for supporting。
文摘Purpose: This paper aims to point out the scientific development and research density of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, using a mix of computational tools. Based on this, it was possible to verify the existence of new research trends and opportunities in a macro view regarding management, performance evaluation, and decision-making in renewable energy generation systems and installations.Design/methodology/approach: A scientometric approach was used based on a research protocol to retrieve papers from the Scopus database, and through four scientometric questions, to analyze each area. Software such as the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool(Sci MAT) and Sci2 Tool were used to map the science development and density.Findings: The scientific development of renewable energy areas is highlighted, pointing out research opportunities regarding management, studies on costs and investments, systemic diagnosis, and performance evaluation for decision-making in businesses in these areas.Research limitations: This paper was limited to the articles indexed in the Scopus database and by the questions used to analyze the scientific development of renewable energy areas.Practical implications: The results show the need for a managerial perspective in businesses related to renewable energy sources at the managerial, technical, and operational levels, including performance evaluation, assertive decision making, and adequate use of technical and financial resources.Originality/value: This paper shows that there is a research field to be explored, with gaps to fill and further research to be carried out in this area. Besides, this paper can serve as a basis for other studies and research in other areas and domains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds(71261018,71171208,71473285)
文摘Feedback supply chain is a key structure in the supply chain system, and the development of feedback supply chain for biogas biomass energy is one of the important ways of the rural ecological civilization construction. Presently, the efficiency problem of biogas supply chain in rural China has been restricting the development of biogas biomass energy business. This article, on the basis of combination of regulation parameters, describes the dynamic changes in the system, using differential equations integrated with simulation to reveal the rules of regulation parameters to investigate the efficiency problem in the biogas supply chain. First of all, on the basis of the actual situation, the flow level and flow rate system structure model and simulation equation set are established for the biogas energy feedback supply chain from a scale livestock farm to peasant households; On the basis of the differentiability of the simulation equation a third order inhomogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients containing regulative parameters is established for the quantity of biogas stored in the feedback supply chain. A theorem and its corollaries are established for the operating efficiency of supply chain to reveal the change law of the quantity of biogas,the quantity of biogas consumed daily by peasant households and its standard-reaching rate as well as other variables.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51877072)the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(LAPS20005)the Huxiang Young Talents Programme of Hunan Province(2019RS2018).
文摘Excessive consumption of fossil fuels in the industry sector has caused hij»h operating costs and severe environmental pollution,advocating a cost-effective and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.I'his paper proposes an enhanced utilization mechanism of biomass-to-syngas(B2S)to provide various types of steam flows in industrial multi-energy systems(MESs).In this mechanism,the available generations from renewable energy sources(RESs)can be harvested to assist in the biomass gasification in a B2S gasifier for enhancing the syngas yield and its calorific value.A thermodynamic interaction model for B2S is formulated to capture gasification temperature dynamics under high-temperature steam injections and optimally control the thermochemical behaviors of biomass drying,pyrolysis,and gasification.A B2S based energy hub framework with its multienergy coupling matrix is formulated for mapping the input hiomass-wind-solar energy into electricity,syngas,and various types of’steam carriers to satisfy industrial energy cieniands.A hierarchical multi-timeframe dispatch scheme is developed for the energy-efficient conversion and utilization of multi-energy carriers to minimize the system operation costs.Comparative studies are implemented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methodology on system operational economy and sustainability.
文摘The main purpose of this study is to design and implement a small-scale biogas digest system, which can provide a certain amount of natural gas (N.G.). The percentage of methane gases emissions according to the various research studies is around 25% of the total emission gases of the waste materials. For all industrialized nations, food waste costs approximately $680 billion/year. The dramatic increase in population and the waste of organic and non-organic materials lead to the use of biomass energy as the source of the renewable energy system to produce a natural gas (N.G.), which can be utilized in cooking or commercialized for the public. The burn out of the waste and the garbage materials causes tremendous pollution and global warming;however, utilizing the Biogas Digest System (BDS) will stop polluting the surrounding environment. The amount of natural gases production was measured for various atmospheric conditions. The important findings of this study are the amount of N.G., which can be increased by mixing two different types of organic waste materials.
文摘A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to conduct a kinetic investigation of rice husk pyrolysis. The major goal is to investigate the reaction kinetics of rice husk at various heating rates in an inert 99.5 percent nitrogen atmosphere. Kinetics’ importance can be explained by the fact that it provides evidence for chemical process mechanisms. Understanding reaction mechanisms can help you figure out the best way to get a reaction to happen. Furthermore, it is of fundamental scientific interest. The samples were heated at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 40 K min<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> from ambient temperature to 973 K. The thermal degradation characteristics and the kinetic parameter were determined. The values show that the activation energy (E<sub>a</sub>) and pre-exponential factor (A) vary with heating rates and temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51977062)。
文摘Increasing intermittent renewable energy sources(RESs)intensifies the imbalance between demand and generation,entailing the diversification of the deployment of electrical energy storage systems(ESSs).A large-scale biogas plant(LBP)installed with heating devices and biogas energy storage(BES)usually exhibits a storage-like characteristic of accommodating an increasing penetration level of RES in rural areas,which is addressed in this paper.By utilizing the temperature-sensitive characteristic of anaerobic digestion that enables the LBP to exhibit a storage-like characteristic,this paper proposes a bi-level energy trading model incorporating LBP and demand response aggregator(DRA)simultaneously.In this model,social welfare is maximized at the upper level while the profit of DRA is maximized at the lower level.Compared with cases only with DRA,the results show that the proposed model with the LBP improves the on-site accommodation capacity of photovoltaic(PV)generation up to 6.3%,18.1%,and 18.9%at 30%,40%,and 50%PV penetration levels,respectively,with a better economic performance.This nonlinear bi-level problem is finally recast by a single-level mathematical program with equilibrium constraints(MPEC)using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions and solved by the Cplex solver.The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using a 33-bus test system and a sensitivity analysis is provided for analyzing what parameter influences the accommodation capacity most.
基金supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,China(20223080002)the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s OfficeSingapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)program(Grant Number R-706-001-102-281)。
文摘Gasification is a sustainable approach for biomass waste treatment with simultaneous combustible H2-syngas production.However,this thermochemical process was quite complicated with multi-phase products generated.The product distribution and composition also highly depend on the feedstock information and gasification condition.At present,it is still challenging to fully understand and optimize this process.In this context,four datadriven machine learning(ML)methods were applied to model the biomass waste gasification process for product prediction and process interpretation and optimization.The results indicated that the Gradient Boosting Regression(GBR)model showed good performance for predicting three-phase products and syngas compositions with test R^(2)of 0.82–0.96.The GBR model-based interpretation suggested that both feed and gasification condition(including the contents of feedstock ash,carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and gasification temperature)were important factors influencing the distribution of char,tar,and syngas.Furthermore,it was found that a feedstock with higher carbon(>48%),lower nitrogen(<0.5%),and ash(1%–5%)contents under a temperature over 800℃could achieve a higher yield of H_(2)-rich syngas.It was shown that the optimal conditions suggested by the model could achieve an output containing 60%–62%syngas and achieve an H_(2)yield of 44.34 mol/kg.These valuable insights provided from the model-based interpretation could aid the understanding and optimization of biomass gasification to guide the production of H_(2)-rich syngas.
