Background: Gingival biotype is one of the most important factors that impede success in dental treatments;it affects the outcomes of periodontal surgery, and restorative treatments. Researchers classified gingival bi...Background: Gingival biotype is one of the most important factors that impede success in dental treatments;it affects the outcomes of periodontal surgery, and restorative treatments. Researchers classified gingival biotypes into thin biotype and thick biotype. It is crucial to identify tissue biotype before treatment. Aim of Study: To determine the prevalence of gingival biotypes in a Syrian population, in addition, to study the distribution of gingival biotypes according to gender and tooth shape. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study included 500 volunteers (300 males and 200 females) from the patients who had visited the department of periodontology-dental faculty at Damascus University. Gingival thickness was assessed to determine the gingival biotype for the maxillary central incisors using the direct measurement technique (Trans-gingival probing). Shapes of the maxillary incisors were recorded. A written informed consent was taken from each patient. Statistical analysis was done using test k2 p < 0.05. Results: The mean age was 26.8 ± 4.4 years. Thick gingival biotype was detected in 58.4% of the sample and most of patients are men while the prevalence of thin gingival biotype was 41.6% of the sample. It was also observed that patients with thin gingival biotype had triangular tooth shape in 99.5% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Thick gingival biotype was observed to be more prevalent in a Syrian population than thin biotype. Most Syrian males had thick gingival biotype with square tooth shape while females had thinner biotype and triangular tooth shape.展开更多
The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aph...The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aphids from cotton and cucumber could not inter-transplant successfully between the two host plants. The apterous and alate offspring of stem mother from hibiscus could not survive, reproduce and form population normally when they were transplanted to cucumber and water melon, but they could form normally when transplanted to cotton and muskmelon. There was no significant difference between the stylet length of cotton aphids from cucumber and cotton, so the stylet length was not the cause of the host preference. When the aphids originated on hibiscus were transplanted to cotton, water melon and muskmelon, the stylet could reach host phloem to absorb host plant's nutrients, but it couldn't when transplanted to cucumber. Cotton aphid can feed on muskmelon without secretion of water-soluble saliva. It could be concluded that the two host biotypes of cotton aphid came from different winter host plants.展开更多
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biot...The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.展开更多
The study compares the impact due to rice stem borers in two sites (Yaoundé and Ntui). It also shows the diversity of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM) biotypes in southern Cameroon (Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebol...The study compares the impact due to rice stem borers in two sites (Yaoundé and Ntui). It also shows the diversity of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM) biotypes in southern Cameroon (Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom, Yaoundé and Ntui). The New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties 3, 8, 9 and 13 sown in Ntui were less attacked than those sown in Yaoundé. At both sites, damages ranged from 0.78% to 2.7%. In terms of diversity, the main stem-borer species were O. oryzivora, Diopsis apicalis, D. longiconis and Chilo zacconius. Molecular analyses of Orseolia oryzivora larvae collected in the localities of Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom and Yaoundé showed the existence of more than one O. oryzivora biotype in southern Cameroon’s rice basins.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the relevance of the probe test in classifying the gingival biotype and to determine if differences exist between maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes in the same patient. Materials and Meth...Purpose: To evaluate the relevance of the probe test in classifying the gingival biotype and to determine if differences exist between maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes in the same patient. Materials and Methods: 53 subjects were included. The gingival thickness was evaluated as thick or thin. This evaluation was based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin while probing the sulcus. In another hand, 124 clinicians were asked to identify the gingival biotype in the same 53 subjects based on visual inspection on pictures. For each examiner, the accuracy in identifying the gingival biotype was assessed using the percentage of cases correctly identified. Results: the percentile of agreement is greater than 70% in maxilla as well as in mandible. An imbalance was observed on the maxillary pictures concerning the gingival biotype and on the thin biotype between maxilla and mandible despite there being no statistical difference (p < 0.0001). The percentile of agreement is quite similar in the mandible for both thin (74%) and thick (70%) gingival biotypes. Agreement between mandibular probe and maxilla probe results demonstrates a weak percentile of agreement of gingival biotypes between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (57%). Conclusion: The use of probe transparency through the gingival margin is an accurate and simple method for gingival biotype diagnosis to discriminate a thin gingival from a thick gingival. Furthermore, individualizing the gingival biotype for each of the arches appears to be a new outcome that needs further investigation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of crown lengthening on patients with different periodontal biological types.Methods:60 patients with different periodontal biotypes treated in our hospital from May 2017 to Februar...Objective:To investigate the effect of crown lengthening on patients with different periodontal biological types.Methods:60 patients with different periodontal biotypes treated in our hospital from May 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different periodontal biotypes,the above-mentioned patients were further divided into control group(thin fan type,30 cases)and observation group(thick flat type,30 cases).The periodontal probing depth(PD),plaque index(PLI),bleeding index(BI)and gingival margin position at 1 week,1 month,2 months and 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups.Results:The PD,Bi and PLI values of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in gingival margin position between the two groups after 1 week to 1 month and 1 month to 2 months(P>0.05);After 2 months to 3 months of treatment,the gingival margin distance of the observation group was larger than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Crown lengthening can effectively improve the periodontal indexes of different periodontal biotypes,and the gingival margin of thick and flat type patients moves more toward the crown.展开更多
The morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue and tooth tissue in gingival biotype are one of the indicators reflecting the individual differences of periodontal tissue in patients.Gingival biotypes of anter...The morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue and tooth tissue in gingival biotype are one of the indicators reflecting the individual differences of periodontal tissue in patients.Gingival biotypes of anterior teeth are often related to the prognosis of smile aesthetic treatment,which is one of the reference indexes for predicting the success rate of aesthetic treatment such as restoration,implant,periodontal,orthodontic and so on.Gingival biotypes have individual differences,so different gingival biotypes have different responses to different external stimuli.In the current clinical work,the correct evaluation of gingival biotype,especially the accurate measurement of gingival thickness,is the basis of reasonable choice of treatment and prognosis evaluation.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based ...Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures.展开更多
Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This...Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This study included 116 patients with MDD and118 demographically-matched healthy controls assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive evaluation.Hierarchical clustering was applied to the major fiber tracts, in conjunction with tract-based spatial statistics, to reveal white-matter alterations associated with MDD.Clinical and neurocognitive differences were compared between identified subgroups and healthy controls. With fractional anisotropy extracted from 20 fiber tracts, cluster analysis revealed 3 subgroups based on the patterns of abnormalities. Patients in each subgroup versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of white-matter alterations as follows: subgroup 1(25.9% of patient sample),widespread white-matter disruption;subgroup 2(43.1% of patient sample), intermediate and more localized abnormalities in aspects of the corpus callosum and left cingulate;and subgroup 3(31.0% of patient sample),possible mild alterations, but no statistically significant tract disruption after controlling for family-wise error. The neurocognitive impairment in each subgroup accompanied the white-matter alterations: subgroup 1, deficits in sustained attention and delayed memory;subgroup 2, dysfunction in delayed memory;and subgroup 3, no significant deficits. Three subtypes of white-matter abnormality exist in individuals with major depression, those having widespread abnormalities suffering more neurocognitive impairments, which may provide evidence for parsing the heterogeneity of the disorder and help optimize typespecific treatment approaches.展开更多
Objective Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor (EVC) is an endemic disease, subsiding in winter and reappearing in spring and summer Investigating the state of EVC during the intermittent time is of crucial...Objective Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor (EVC) is an endemic disease, subsiding in winter and reappearing in spring and summer Investigating the state of EVC during the intermittent time is of crucial importance in controlling this disease Methods Different factors mimicking the internal and external environmental conditions of the host, including human and fish bile, bacterial phages and antibiotics were used experimentally to induce variation in EVC EVC variants were isolated from the stool of diarrhea patients and river water in old endemic areas during the winter The variants obtained were tested with gene probe hybridization, DNA restriction enzyme mapping, immunoenzyme staining and animal passaging Results Due to the loss of cell walls, 3 kinds of EVC variants were obtained during induction: the L form variant, with a complete loss of cell walls; the nonagglutinating variants, with the loss of surface O antigen; the phage resistant variants, with the loss of phage receptors Similar variants were found in field isolation This variation was proved to be phenotypic, with no change in genetic material: it was reversible and appeared in a seasonal pattern, which coincided with the endemicity of this disease Passage in animal enhanced this reversion In compensation for the loss of cell walls, cell membranes were greatly thickened, increasing the ability of the variants to survive during the unfavorable winter conditions Conclusions EVC varied in a seasonal pattern, coincident with the endemicity of this disease The compensatory thickening of the cell membranes protects the EVC variants to survive the展开更多
目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913...目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913株,覆盖18个属52个种或复合群。采用直接涂抹法进行鉴定,比对仪器为德国布鲁克Biotyper MS系统及其DB2969数据库(以下简称Biotyper MS),对于两台质谱仪不一致的鉴定结果,采用16S rRNA扩增测序作为判定的金标准。针对复合群(鲍曼不动杆菌复合群、阴沟肠杆菌复合群以及肺炎克雷伯菌复合群),采用二代测序的鉴定结果作为金标准,统计学方法采用卡方检验。选取13株室内质控菌株作为重复性评估的检测样本,每株菌在Smart MS 5020系统上平行检测3次,判断其鉴定结果的一致性。结果对913株临床菌株,Biotyper MS系统种水平鉴定准确率为100%(913/913,95%CI:99.48%~99.58%),Smart MS 5020系统种水平鉴定准确率为99.78%(911/913,95%CI:99.12%~99.20%),2株表皮葡萄球菌鉴定为柯氏葡萄球菌;在临床微生物的鉴定能力方面,2种方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复性评估结果显示,Smart MS 5020系统对13株室内质控菌株的鉴定结果完全一致。结论Smart MS 5020系统对临床常见微生物有很好的鉴定能力,包括复合群的鉴定能准确鉴定到复合群,对一些难区分菌如嗜血杆菌、链球菌等均能准确鉴定,但对复合群内具体种的细分能力有限,需要结合分子生物学、血清学或其他补充实验来准确鉴定。展开更多
Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incu...Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incubation,diffusion and outbreak.Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide important agricultural pest composed of multiple biotypes.Studies have confirmed that the B biotype Bemisia tabaci that invaded China has been genetically differentiated,and the Q biotype Bemisia tabaci has replaced the B biotype in most areas of China.Bemisia tabaci has become the dominant biotype in the field.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.T...BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.展开更多
Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins(Hsps)play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better understan...Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins(Hsps)play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better understand the temperature tolerance of the indigenous ZHJ2-biotype of whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex,we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsp90,hsp70,and hsp20 and analyzed their expression profiles under different high temperature treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The high temperature tolerance of B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype was determined by survival rate after exposure to different high temperatures for 1 h.The results showed that after 41°C heat-shock treatment for 1 h,the survival rates of ZHJ2 adults declined significantly and the estimated temperature required to cause 50% mortality(LT50)is 42.85°C for 1 h.Temperatures for onset(Ton)or maximal(Tmax)induction of hsps expression in B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype were 35 and 39°C(or 41°C).Compared with previous studies,indigenous ZHJ2-biotype exhibits lower heat temperature stress tolerance and Ton(or Tmax)than the invasive B-biotype.展开更多
Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Meth...Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Methods: It is a single-centre(Gynaecology clinic at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia) prospective study with laboratory-based microbiological follow up and analyses. Vaginal swabs collected from the patients suspected for BV were subjected to clinical BV diagnosis, isolation and identification of G. vaginalis, metronidazole susceptibility testing, vaginolysin and sialidase gene PCR, Piot's biotyping and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotyping.Results: Among the 207 patients suspected for BV, G. vaginalis was isolated from 47 subjects. G. vaginalis coexisted with Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in 26 samples. Three G. vaginalis isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Biotyping revealed 1 and 7 as the common types. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotype II was found to be more common(n = 22; 46%) than I(n = 12; 25.53%) and III(n = 13;27.6%). All genotype I and III isolates carried the sialidase gene, while 91.6% and 84.6%contained the vaginolysin gene. Genotype I was significantly associated with postgynaecological surgical complications and abortions(P = 0.002).Conclusions: The existence of pathogenic G. vaginalis clones in Malaysia including drug resistant strains should not be taken lightly and needs to be monitored as these may bring more complications especially among women of child bearing age and pregnant women.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci has many biotypes,and has become one of the main pests on vegetables,flowers,cotton and other crops,seriously influencing the safe production of crops.Temperature has a great influence on the survival,d...Bemisia tabaci has many biotypes,and has become one of the main pests on vegetables,flowers,cotton and other crops,seriously influencing the safe production of crops.Temperature has a great influence on the survival,development,reproduction and behavior of Bemisia tabaci,which can affect the change of body temperature and metabolism of B.tabaci.It needs certain water to maintain normal life activities,such as digestion,nutrition transportation,and temperature regulation.There is a suitable humidity range for the growth and development of B.tabaci in different development stages.High humidity or drought have a great impact on the growth and development of B.tabaci,especially on its survival or reproduction.At the same time,the environmental temperature and humidity are the important factors that influence the geographical distribution and population change of B.tabaci.展开更多
Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an international wheat pest and was first recorded in South Africa in 1978 in the Bethlehem area in the Eastern Free State. Le-sotho lies adjacent to one of the largest wheat p...Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an international wheat pest and was first recorded in South Africa in 1978 in the Bethlehem area in the Eastern Free State. Le-sotho lies adjacent to one of the largest wheat producing areas in South Africa, the Eastern Free State, where winter wheat and facultative types are cultivated under dry land conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop adapted to all agro-ecological zones of Lesotho. Russian wheat aphid may have a significant impact on wheat yield. No monitoring or pest control is being done in Lesotho and at this stage there is very little information on the Russian wheat aphid resistance of wheat culti-vars cultivated in Lesotho. In view of this it is important to monitor the distribution of Russian wheat aphid biotypes in Lesotho and determine the level of Russian wheat aphid resistance in local Lesotho wheat cultivars. Two local Lesotho wheat cultivars, Bolane and Makalaote were screened together with South African cultivars Elands, Matlabas, Senqu, PAN3379, PAN3118 and SST387, in the glasshouse against all four known biotypes that occur in South Africa. All these cultivars were also planted in 5 m plots in the field at two localities Leribe and Roma in the lowlands of Lesotho. These cultivars were screened in the field for Russian wheat aphid resistance. The predomi-nant Russian wheat aphid biotypes in these areas were also determined. The Lesotho cultivar, Bolane had resistance against RWASA2 in the glasshouse, while Makalaote did not have any Russian wheat aphid resistance in either the glasshouse or field screenings. To contribute to food security an increasing wheat yield potential is a high priority. Russian wheat aphid has been included in the list of important international cereal pests. Russian wheat aphid adapts to changing environments and taking their ecology, distribution, virulence patterns, and variability into account is important in minimizing the gap between actual and attainable yields. Current management prac-tices for winter wheat in South Africa include the use of resistant cultivars, which is the most economical management strategy for Russian wheat aphid. Introducing Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars in Lesotho will improve overall yield and as a result food security. This will also result in lower Russian wheat aphid pest pressure in the adjacent wheat production areas in the Eastern Free State, South Africa.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thermophilic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacters</span><...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thermophilic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacters</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are zoonotic bacteria which are universally famous for causing enteritis in humans. They are normally found as commensals in the digestive tract of food animals with poultry being a major re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">servoir of the pathogenic species. This study highlighted the presence of</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry (commercial and domestic) and humans (patients and asymptomatic individuals) and characterized strains by biotyping and susceptibility test in the Northern region of Ghana where animal husbandry is commonly practiced but zoonotic studies are limited. A total of 1087 specimens from stools of humans and cloacal swabs of poultry were screened from 25th October, 2017 to 7th May, 2019. Samples were cultured on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar and isolates identified using standard microbiological procedures and Lior Biotyping, while the antibiogram of isolates w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">frequency of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was 43.1% and 12.9% respectively in poultry and humans. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recovered from 84% of commercial birds and 64% of domestic birds and in humans significantly </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fewer</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains were observed in patients than asymptomatic individuals (p <</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05). Biotype distribution revealed </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. jejuni </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">biotype I prevalence in domestic birds, patients and asymptomatic individuals whereas Bioytype II was largely found in commercial poultry. All isolated strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were resistant to tetracycline and 69.4% of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains were resistant to erythromycin. Imipenem and the aminoglycosides were relatively effective as resistance of 10% and below 20% were respectively obtained. None of the endorsed treatment drugs (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline) can be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">admitted in this region due to common resistance found among strains </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">against these agents.展开更多
Resistance/sensitivity to polymyxin-B(PB)antibiotic has been employed as one among other epidemiologically relevant biotyping-scheme for Vibrio cholerae into Classical/El Tor biotypes.However,recent studies have re-ve...Resistance/sensitivity to polymyxin-B(PB)antibiotic has been employed as one among other epidemiologically relevant biotyping-scheme for Vibrio cholerae into Classical/El Tor biotypes.However,recent studies have re-vealed some pitfalls bordering on PB-sensitivity/resistance(PBR/S)necessitating study.Current study assesses the PBR/S cosmopolitan prevalence,epidemiology/distribution among O1/O139 and nonO1/nonO139 V.cholerae strains.Relevant databases(Web of Science,Scopus and PubMed)were searched to retrieve data from environ-mental and clinical samples employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Random-effect-model(REM)and common-effect-model(CEM)of meta-analysis was performed to de-termine prevalence of PBR/S V.cholerae strains,describe the cosmopolitan epidemiological potentials and biotype relevance.Heterogeneity was determined by meta-regression and subgroup analyses.The pooled analyzed iso-lates from articles(7290),with sensitive and resistance are 2219(30.44%)and 5028(69.56%).Among these PB-sensitive strains,more than 1944(26.67%)were O1 strains,132(1.81%)were nonO1 strains while mis-reported Classical biotype were 2080(28.53)respectively indicating potential spread of variant/dual biotype.A significant PB-resistance was observed in the models(CEM=0.66,95%CI[0.65;0.68],p-value=0.001;REM=0.83[0.74;0.90],p=0.001)as both models had a high level of heterogeneity(I^(2)=98.0%;^(2)_(df=33)=1755.09,Qp=2.4932).Egger test(z=5.4017,p<0.0001)reveal publication bias by funnel plot asymmetry.The subgroup analysis for continents(Asia,Africa)and sources(acute diarrhea)revealed(98%CI(0.73;0.93);55%CI(0.20;0.86)),and 92%CI(0.67;0.98).The Epidemiological prevalence for El tor/variant/dual biotype showed 88%CI(0.78;0.94)with O1 strains at 88%CI(0.78;0.94).Such global prevalence,distribution/spread of phenotypes/genotypes ne-cessitates updating the decades-long biotype classification scheme.An antibiotic stewardship in the post antibiotic era is suggestive/recommended.Also,there is need for holistic monitoring/evaluation of clinical/epidemiological relevance of the disseminating strains in endemic localities.展开更多
文摘Background: Gingival biotype is one of the most important factors that impede success in dental treatments;it affects the outcomes of periodontal surgery, and restorative treatments. Researchers classified gingival biotypes into thin biotype and thick biotype. It is crucial to identify tissue biotype before treatment. Aim of Study: To determine the prevalence of gingival biotypes in a Syrian population, in addition, to study the distribution of gingival biotypes according to gender and tooth shape. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study included 500 volunteers (300 males and 200 females) from the patients who had visited the department of periodontology-dental faculty at Damascus University. Gingival thickness was assessed to determine the gingival biotype for the maxillary central incisors using the direct measurement technique (Trans-gingival probing). Shapes of the maxillary incisors were recorded. A written informed consent was taken from each patient. Statistical analysis was done using test k2 p < 0.05. Results: The mean age was 26.8 ± 4.4 years. Thick gingival biotype was detected in 58.4% of the sample and most of patients are men while the prevalence of thin gingival biotype was 41.6% of the sample. It was also observed that patients with thin gingival biotype had triangular tooth shape in 99.5% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Thick gingival biotype was observed to be more prevalent in a Syrian population than thin biotype. Most Syrian males had thick gingival biotype with square tooth shape while females had thinner biotype and triangular tooth shape.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070127).
文摘The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aphids from cotton and cucumber could not inter-transplant successfully between the two host plants. The apterous and alate offspring of stem mother from hibiscus could not survive, reproduce and form population normally when they were transplanted to cucumber and water melon, but they could form normally when transplanted to cotton and muskmelon. There was no significant difference between the stylet length of cotton aphids from cucumber and cotton, so the stylet length was not the cause of the host preference. When the aphids originated on hibiscus were transplanted to cotton, water melon and muskmelon, the stylet could reach host phloem to absorb host plant's nutrients, but it couldn't when transplanted to cucumber. Cotton aphid can feed on muskmelon without secretion of water-soluble saliva. It could be concluded that the two host biotypes of cotton aphid came from different winter host plants.
基金This is contribution No.503/11 from the Agricultural Research Organization,the Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
文摘The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide.B.tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide.The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks.The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications.While in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the B.tabaci population from one year to another.Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B.tabaci biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.
文摘The study compares the impact due to rice stem borers in two sites (Yaoundé and Ntui). It also shows the diversity of the African Rice Gall Midge (AfRGM) biotypes in southern Cameroon (Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom, Yaoundé and Ntui). The New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties 3, 8, 9 and 13 sown in Ntui were less attacked than those sown in Yaoundé. At both sites, damages ranged from 0.78% to 2.7%. In terms of diversity, the main stem-borer species were O. oryzivora, Diopsis apicalis, D. longiconis and Chilo zacconius. Molecular analyses of Orseolia oryzivora larvae collected in the localities of Santchou, Ndop, Tonga, Ebolowa, Ba?gom and Yaoundé showed the existence of more than one O. oryzivora biotype in southern Cameroon’s rice basins.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the relevance of the probe test in classifying the gingival biotype and to determine if differences exist between maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes in the same patient. Materials and Methods: 53 subjects were included. The gingival thickness was evaluated as thick or thin. This evaluation was based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin while probing the sulcus. In another hand, 124 clinicians were asked to identify the gingival biotype in the same 53 subjects based on visual inspection on pictures. For each examiner, the accuracy in identifying the gingival biotype was assessed using the percentage of cases correctly identified. Results: the percentile of agreement is greater than 70% in maxilla as well as in mandible. An imbalance was observed on the maxillary pictures concerning the gingival biotype and on the thin biotype between maxilla and mandible despite there being no statistical difference (p < 0.0001). The percentile of agreement is quite similar in the mandible for both thin (74%) and thick (70%) gingival biotypes. Agreement between mandibular probe and maxilla probe results demonstrates a weak percentile of agreement of gingival biotypes between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (57%). Conclusion: The use of probe transparency through the gingival margin is an accurate and simple method for gingival biotype diagnosis to discriminate a thin gingival from a thick gingival. Furthermore, individualizing the gingival biotype for each of the arches appears to be a new outcome that needs further investigation.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of crown lengthening on patients with different periodontal biological types.Methods:60 patients with different periodontal biotypes treated in our hospital from May 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different periodontal biotypes,the above-mentioned patients were further divided into control group(thin fan type,30 cases)and observation group(thick flat type,30 cases).The periodontal probing depth(PD),plaque index(PLI),bleeding index(BI)and gingival margin position at 1 week,1 month,2 months and 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups.Results:The PD,Bi and PLI values of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in gingival margin position between the two groups after 1 week to 1 month and 1 month to 2 months(P>0.05);After 2 months to 3 months of treatment,the gingival margin distance of the observation group was larger than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Crown lengthening can effectively improve the periodontal indexes of different periodontal biotypes,and the gingival margin of thick and flat type patients moves more toward the crown.
文摘The morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue and tooth tissue in gingival biotype are one of the indicators reflecting the individual differences of periodontal tissue in patients.Gingival biotypes of anterior teeth are often related to the prognosis of smile aesthetic treatment,which is one of the reference indexes for predicting the success rate of aesthetic treatment such as restoration,implant,periodontal,orthodontic and so on.Gingival biotypes have individual differences,so different gingival biotypes have different responses to different external stimuli.In the current clinical work,the correct evaluation of gingival biotype,especially the accurate measurement of gingival thickness,is the basis of reasonable choice of treatment and prognosis evaluation.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 Program) of China (Grant No.2009CB119200)
文摘Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a "superbug",is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81630030, 81130024, 81801326, and 81571320)the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme (81461168029)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2016YFC0904300)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital of Sichuan Universitythe National High-Technology Research and Development Project (863 Project) of China (2015AA020513)a Scientific Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department, China (2015JY0173)
文摘Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder(MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This study included 116 patients with MDD and118 demographically-matched healthy controls assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive evaluation.Hierarchical clustering was applied to the major fiber tracts, in conjunction with tract-based spatial statistics, to reveal white-matter alterations associated with MDD.Clinical and neurocognitive differences were compared between identified subgroups and healthy controls. With fractional anisotropy extracted from 20 fiber tracts, cluster analysis revealed 3 subgroups based on the patterns of abnormalities. Patients in each subgroup versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of white-matter alterations as follows: subgroup 1(25.9% of patient sample),widespread white-matter disruption;subgroup 2(43.1% of patient sample), intermediate and more localized abnormalities in aspects of the corpus callosum and left cingulate;and subgroup 3(31.0% of patient sample),possible mild alterations, but no statistically significant tract disruption after controlling for family-wise error. The neurocognitive impairment in each subgroup accompanied the white-matter alterations: subgroup 1, deficits in sustained attention and delayed memory;subgroup 2, dysfunction in delayed memory;and subgroup 3, no significant deficits. Three subtypes of white-matter abnormality exist in individuals with major depression, those having widespread abnormalities suffering more neurocognitive impairments, which may provide evidence for parsing the heterogeneity of the disorder and help optimize typespecific treatment approaches.
文摘Objective Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor (EVC) is an endemic disease, subsiding in winter and reappearing in spring and summer Investigating the state of EVC during the intermittent time is of crucial importance in controlling this disease Methods Different factors mimicking the internal and external environmental conditions of the host, including human and fish bile, bacterial phages and antibiotics were used experimentally to induce variation in EVC EVC variants were isolated from the stool of diarrhea patients and river water in old endemic areas during the winter The variants obtained were tested with gene probe hybridization, DNA restriction enzyme mapping, immunoenzyme staining and animal passaging Results Due to the loss of cell walls, 3 kinds of EVC variants were obtained during induction: the L form variant, with a complete loss of cell walls; the nonagglutinating variants, with the loss of surface O antigen; the phage resistant variants, with the loss of phage receptors Similar variants were found in field isolation This variation was proved to be phenotypic, with no change in genetic material: it was reversible and appeared in a seasonal pattern, which coincided with the endemicity of this disease Passage in animal enhanced this reversion In compensation for the loss of cell walls, cell membranes were greatly thickened, increasing the ability of the variants to survive during the unfavorable winter conditions Conclusions EVC varied in a seasonal pattern, coincident with the endemicity of this disease The compensatory thickening of the cell membranes protects the EVC variants to survive the
文摘目的评估珠海迪尔Smart MS 5020型基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)系统及其2630种数据库(以下简称Smart MS 5020系统)对临床微生物的鉴定能力。方法共纳入2016—2020年浙江大学医学院附属第二医院留存的临床分离菌株913株,覆盖18个属52个种或复合群。采用直接涂抹法进行鉴定,比对仪器为德国布鲁克Biotyper MS系统及其DB2969数据库(以下简称Biotyper MS),对于两台质谱仪不一致的鉴定结果,采用16S rRNA扩增测序作为判定的金标准。针对复合群(鲍曼不动杆菌复合群、阴沟肠杆菌复合群以及肺炎克雷伯菌复合群),采用二代测序的鉴定结果作为金标准,统计学方法采用卡方检验。选取13株室内质控菌株作为重复性评估的检测样本,每株菌在Smart MS 5020系统上平行检测3次,判断其鉴定结果的一致性。结果对913株临床菌株,Biotyper MS系统种水平鉴定准确率为100%(913/913,95%CI:99.48%~99.58%),Smart MS 5020系统种水平鉴定准确率为99.78%(911/913,95%CI:99.12%~99.20%),2株表皮葡萄球菌鉴定为柯氏葡萄球菌;在临床微生物的鉴定能力方面,2种方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复性评估结果显示,Smart MS 5020系统对13株室内质控菌株的鉴定结果完全一致。结论Smart MS 5020系统对临床常见微生物有很好的鉴定能力,包括复合群的鉴定能准确鉴定到复合群,对一些难区分菌如嗜血杆菌、链球菌等均能准确鉴定,但对复合群内具体种的细分能力有限,需要结合分子生物学、血清学或其他补充实验来准确鉴定。
文摘Biological invasion refers to the process of invading into another new environment through natural or man-made means from the original place of existence,which includes several stages of introduction,colonization,incubation,diffusion and outbreak.Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide important agricultural pest composed of multiple biotypes.Studies have confirmed that the B biotype Bemisia tabaci that invaded China has been genetically differentiated,and the Q biotype Bemisia tabaci has replaced the B biotype in most areas of China.Bemisia tabaci has become the dominant biotype in the field.
基金Supported by Natured Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1908085MH255.
文摘BACKGROUND In the clinical scenario,adult patients with periodontal diseases and dental malformation,characterized by dental crowding in lower anterior teeth with the thin biotype,often require orthodontic treatment.This case report aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)in an adult patient with class I malocclusion along with dental crowding,a thin periodontal biotype,and buccal plate deficiency.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female complaining of dental crowding and gingival bleeding was referred to the orthodontic clinic.The patient underwent periodontal risk assessment prior to orthodontic treatment.She was diagnosed with a high risk of gingival recession due to dental crowding,root prominence,loss of buccal plates,and a thin gingival tissue biotype.The treatment regimen included PAOO combined with autologous PRF for alveolar augmentation and interproximal enamel reduction for moderate dental crowding.Clinically,PAOO-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in this case showed enhanced periodontium remodeling.Radiographic outcomes also showed statistically significant improvements(P<0.01)in the mandibular buccal alveolar bone.CONCLUSION This case report suggests the combination of autologous PRF with PAOO to enhance bone augmentation and long-term tissue support in adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease.
基金supported by the National Basic R&D Program of China(2009CB119200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800722)
文摘Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects,and heat shock proteins(Hsps)play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms.To better understand the temperature tolerance of the indigenous ZHJ2-biotype of whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex,we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsp90,hsp70,and hsp20 and analyzed their expression profiles under different high temperature treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The high temperature tolerance of B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype was determined by survival rate after exposure to different high temperatures for 1 h.The results showed that after 41°C heat-shock treatment for 1 h,the survival rates of ZHJ2 adults declined significantly and the estimated temperature required to cause 50% mortality(LT50)is 42.85°C for 1 h.Temperatures for onset(Ton)or maximal(Tmax)induction of hsps expression in B.tabaci ZHJ2-biotype were 35 and 39°C(or 41°C).Compared with previous studies,indigenous ZHJ2-biotype exhibits lower heat temperature stress tolerance and Ton(or Tmax)than the invasive B-biotype.
基金supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia through Research University Grant Scheme(RUGS 04-02-12-1756RU)
文摘Objective: To update the status of Gardnerella vaginalis(G. vaginalis) as a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in Malaysia and to define its epidemiology, metronidazole resistance and virulence properties.Methods: It is a single-centre(Gynaecology clinic at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia) prospective study with laboratory-based microbiological follow up and analyses. Vaginal swabs collected from the patients suspected for BV were subjected to clinical BV diagnosis, isolation and identification of G. vaginalis, metronidazole susceptibility testing, vaginolysin and sialidase gene PCR, Piot's biotyping and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotyping.Results: Among the 207 patients suspected for BV, G. vaginalis was isolated from 47 subjects. G. vaginalis coexisted with Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in 26 samples. Three G. vaginalis isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Biotyping revealed 1 and 7 as the common types. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis genotype II was found to be more common(n = 22; 46%) than I(n = 12; 25.53%) and III(n = 13;27.6%). All genotype I and III isolates carried the sialidase gene, while 91.6% and 84.6%contained the vaginolysin gene. Genotype I was significantly associated with postgynaecological surgical complications and abortions(P = 0.002).Conclusions: The existence of pathogenic G. vaginalis clones in Malaysia including drug resistant strains should not be taken lightly and needs to be monitored as these may bring more complications especially among women of child bearing age and pregnant women.
文摘Bemisia tabaci has many biotypes,and has become one of the main pests on vegetables,flowers,cotton and other crops,seriously influencing the safe production of crops.Temperature has a great influence on the survival,development,reproduction and behavior of Bemisia tabaci,which can affect the change of body temperature and metabolism of B.tabaci.It needs certain water to maintain normal life activities,such as digestion,nutrition transportation,and temperature regulation.There is a suitable humidity range for the growth and development of B.tabaci in different development stages.High humidity or drought have a great impact on the growth and development of B.tabaci,especially on its survival or reproduction.At the same time,the environmental temperature and humidity are the important factors that influence the geographical distribution and population change of B.tabaci.
文摘Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an international wheat pest and was first recorded in South Africa in 1978 in the Bethlehem area in the Eastern Free State. Le-sotho lies adjacent to one of the largest wheat producing areas in South Africa, the Eastern Free State, where winter wheat and facultative types are cultivated under dry land conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop adapted to all agro-ecological zones of Lesotho. Russian wheat aphid may have a significant impact on wheat yield. No monitoring or pest control is being done in Lesotho and at this stage there is very little information on the Russian wheat aphid resistance of wheat culti-vars cultivated in Lesotho. In view of this it is important to monitor the distribution of Russian wheat aphid biotypes in Lesotho and determine the level of Russian wheat aphid resistance in local Lesotho wheat cultivars. Two local Lesotho wheat cultivars, Bolane and Makalaote were screened together with South African cultivars Elands, Matlabas, Senqu, PAN3379, PAN3118 and SST387, in the glasshouse against all four known biotypes that occur in South Africa. All these cultivars were also planted in 5 m plots in the field at two localities Leribe and Roma in the lowlands of Lesotho. These cultivars were screened in the field for Russian wheat aphid resistance. The predomi-nant Russian wheat aphid biotypes in these areas were also determined. The Lesotho cultivar, Bolane had resistance against RWASA2 in the glasshouse, while Makalaote did not have any Russian wheat aphid resistance in either the glasshouse or field screenings. To contribute to food security an increasing wheat yield potential is a high priority. Russian wheat aphid has been included in the list of important international cereal pests. Russian wheat aphid adapts to changing environments and taking their ecology, distribution, virulence patterns, and variability into account is important in minimizing the gap between actual and attainable yields. Current management prac-tices for winter wheat in South Africa include the use of resistant cultivars, which is the most economical management strategy for Russian wheat aphid. Introducing Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars in Lesotho will improve overall yield and as a result food security. This will also result in lower Russian wheat aphid pest pressure in the adjacent wheat production areas in the Eastern Free State, South Africa.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thermophilic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacters</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are zoonotic bacteria which are universally famous for causing enteritis in humans. They are normally found as commensals in the digestive tract of food animals with poultry being a major re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">servoir of the pathogenic species. This study highlighted the presence of</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry (commercial and domestic) and humans (patients and asymptomatic individuals) and characterized strains by biotyping and susceptibility test in the Northern region of Ghana where animal husbandry is commonly practiced but zoonotic studies are limited. A total of 1087 specimens from stools of humans and cloacal swabs of poultry were screened from 25th October, 2017 to 7th May, 2019. Samples were cultured on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar and isolates identified using standard microbiological procedures and Lior Biotyping, while the antibiogram of isolates w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">frequency of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was 43.1% and 12.9% respectively in poultry and humans. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recovered from 84% of commercial birds and 64% of domestic birds and in humans significantly </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fewer</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains were observed in patients than asymptomatic individuals (p <</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05). Biotype distribution revealed </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. jejuni </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">biotype I prevalence in domestic birds, patients and asymptomatic individuals whereas Bioytype II was largely found in commercial poultry. All isolated strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were resistant to tetracycline and 69.4% of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains were resistant to erythromycin. Imipenem and the aminoglycosides were relatively effective as resistance of 10% and below 20% were respectively obtained. None of the endorsed treatment drugs (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline) can be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">admitted in this region due to common resistance found among strains </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">against these agents.
基金funds provided by African German Network of Excellence in Science 2022 (AGNES-2022).
文摘Resistance/sensitivity to polymyxin-B(PB)antibiotic has been employed as one among other epidemiologically relevant biotyping-scheme for Vibrio cholerae into Classical/El Tor biotypes.However,recent studies have re-vealed some pitfalls bordering on PB-sensitivity/resistance(PBR/S)necessitating study.Current study assesses the PBR/S cosmopolitan prevalence,epidemiology/distribution among O1/O139 and nonO1/nonO139 V.cholerae strains.Relevant databases(Web of Science,Scopus and PubMed)were searched to retrieve data from environ-mental and clinical samples employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Random-effect-model(REM)and common-effect-model(CEM)of meta-analysis was performed to de-termine prevalence of PBR/S V.cholerae strains,describe the cosmopolitan epidemiological potentials and biotype relevance.Heterogeneity was determined by meta-regression and subgroup analyses.The pooled analyzed iso-lates from articles(7290),with sensitive and resistance are 2219(30.44%)and 5028(69.56%).Among these PB-sensitive strains,more than 1944(26.67%)were O1 strains,132(1.81%)were nonO1 strains while mis-reported Classical biotype were 2080(28.53)respectively indicating potential spread of variant/dual biotype.A significant PB-resistance was observed in the models(CEM=0.66,95%CI[0.65;0.68],p-value=0.001;REM=0.83[0.74;0.90],p=0.001)as both models had a high level of heterogeneity(I^(2)=98.0%;^(2)_(df=33)=1755.09,Qp=2.4932).Egger test(z=5.4017,p<0.0001)reveal publication bias by funnel plot asymmetry.The subgroup analysis for continents(Asia,Africa)and sources(acute diarrhea)revealed(98%CI(0.73;0.93);55%CI(0.20;0.86)),and 92%CI(0.67;0.98).The Epidemiological prevalence for El tor/variant/dual biotype showed 88%CI(0.78;0.94)with O1 strains at 88%CI(0.78;0.94).Such global prevalence,distribution/spread of phenotypes/genotypes ne-cessitates updating the decades-long biotype classification scheme.An antibiotic stewardship in the post antibiotic era is suggestive/recommended.Also,there is need for holistic monitoring/evaluation of clinical/epidemiological relevance of the disseminating strains in endemic localities.
