Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the h...Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T<sub>1</sub>—Black berry Leaves, T<sub>2</sub>—Guava Leaves, T<sub>3</sub>—Lantena camera leaves, T<sub>4</sub>—Eucalyptus Leaves, T<sub>5</sub>— Turmeric Leaves, T<sub>6</sub>—Khoksha Leaves, T<sub>7</sub>—Papaya leaves, T<sub>8</sub>-Gurlic Bulb, T<sub>9</sub>—Chili dust, T<sub>10</sub>—Nigella seeds, T<sub>11</sub>—Turmeric dust, T<sub>12</sub>—Cloves, T<sub>13</sub>— Bohera fruits, T<sub>14</sub>—Black pepper and T<sub>15</sub>—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>14</sub> treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T<sub>2</sub> treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T<sub>9</sub> treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T<sub>8</sub> treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bipolaris sorokiniana was different in different treatments in different days after inoculation (DAI) where at 7 DAI, % reduction of mycelial growth over control was highest in Bohera and Neem Leaves treatments respectively.展开更多
In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Ar...In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region＂ were used as experimental materials to investigate their bread-making quality, noodle-making quality and other related characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the wheat varieties had better bread-making quality; the bread made from wheat with longer dough mixing time than 3.0 min had better texture, lighter color, and better taste. All these 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties showed good noodle-making quality in color, appearance, smoothness and taste; the differences between varieties were mainly found in palatability and viscoelasticity. Jimai 20, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 7698, Ji＇nan 17 and Zhengmai 9023 exhibited excellent bread-making quality; Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 displayed excellent noodle-making quality. Fresh dough sheets made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 exhibited slight color variation within 24 h and high peak starch paste viscosity; dry and cooked noodles made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 had good quality.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the inheritance property of the color of seed in black wheat.[Method]Segregation for seed coat colors was studied in F1,F2 and F3 population from eight crosses of four black-seed wheat ...[Objective]The aim was to study the inheritance property of the color of seed in black wheat.[Method]Segregation for seed coat colors was studied in F1,F2 and F3 population from eight crosses of four black-seed wheat cultivars（Heixiaomai76,Heixiaomai18,96-45 and S-1）with four white-seed wheat cultivars（9-231,Ningchun16,Ningchun17 and Xinchun22）.[Result]The results showed that the color of Heixiaomai 76 maternal genetic traits is controlled by two incompletely dominant genes,the segregation in F3 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white）ratio.Color of S-1,96-45,and Heixiaomai 18 is controlled by two Independent and complementary genetic genes,the segregation for black kernel color in F2 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white）ratio.[Conclusion]Different kinds of new species can be breed through the hybrid of black wheat and white wheat varieties.展开更多
Available water and fertilizer have been the main limiting factors for yields of spring wheat, which occupies a large area of the black soil zone in northeast China; thus, the need to set up appropriate models for sce...Available water and fertilizer have been the main limiting factors for yields of spring wheat, which occupies a large area of the black soil zone in northeast China; thus, the need to set up appropriate models for scenario analysis of cropping system models has been increasing. The capability of CropSyst, a cropping system simulation model, to simulate spring wheat growth of a widely grown spring cultivar, 'Longmai 19', in the black soil zone in northeast China under different water and nitrogen regimes was evaluated. Field data collected from a rotation experiment of three growing seasons (1992-1994) were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model was run for 3 years by providing initial conditions at the beginning of the rotation without reinitializing the model in later years in the rotation sequence. Crop input parameters were set based on measured data or taken from CropSyst manual. A few cultivar-specific parameters were adjusted within a reasonable range of fluctuation. The results demonstrated the robustness of CropSyst for simulating evapotranspiration, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of 'Longmai 19' spring wheat with the root mean square errors being 7%, 13% and 13% of the observed means for evapotranspiration (ET), grain yield and aboveground biomass, respectively. Although CropSyst was able to simulate spring production reasonably well, further evaluation and improvement of the model with a more detailed field database was desirable for agricultural systems in northeast China.展开更多
Analysis on foulants shows that: the elements (except for C, H and O) in foulants formed during evaporating alkaline wheat straw black liquor are Si, Ca , K, Na, Mg and Al; Si and Ca account for about 36% of the weigh...Analysis on foulants shows that: the elements (except for C, H and O) in foulants formed during evaporating alkaline wheat straw black liquor are Si, Ca , K, Na, Mg and Al; Si and Ca account for about 36% of the weight of foulants; The organic ingredients amout to about 20% of the foulant; Rhodesite (Ca,K,Na)8Si16O40·11H2O is the main composition in foulants. The fouling mechanism of wheat black liquor is quite different from that of soft/hard wood black liquor, because the content of Si inside wheat straw black liquor is much more than that of soft/hard wood black liquor. Complex chemical reactions occur when evaporating wheat straw black liquor. The author considers that colloid H2SiO3 plays an important role in the process. The minerals produced by reactions between H2SiO3, with anion charges and positive ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, etc. Further investigation on the process should be done.The fractal theory is used to analyze the fouling geometric texture. The fractal dimension values D of foulants are also calculated.展开更多
The heat transfer properties of black liquor from wheat pulp in a stirring apparatus were studied in this paper. By changing the experiment conditions of temperature-difference driving force, geometry shape and agitat...The heat transfer properties of black liquor from wheat pulp in a stirring apparatus were studied in this paper. By changing the experiment conditions of temperature-difference driving force, geometry shape and agitator speed, we investigated the heat transfer properties of black liquor from wheat pulp under the conditions of different physical properties, rheological properties, fluid power conditions and the space geometrical characteristics of fluid flow. Furthermore the related mathematical models and evaluation criteria based on the conventional methods and artificial neural networks were established. The experimental results showed that the above-mentioned factors have obvious effect to black liquor from wheat pulp?展开更多
A novel vapor-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed evaporator, meaning for enhancing heat transfer and preventing fouling, is applied to wheat straw black liquor, which is the primary pollutant in China’s papermaki...A novel vapor-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed evaporator, meaning for enhancing heat transfer and preventing fouling, is applied to wheat straw black liquor, which is the primary pollutant in China’s papermaking industry. It is treated by alkali recovery, in which evaporation is a key process. The experimental results show that the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase boiling heat transfer coefficient is enhanced by 20%～40% than that of vapor-liquid two-phase boiling flow, also, the novel evaporator exhibits an excellent function of fouling prevention.展开更多
为使黑小麦麸皮在全谷物功能性食品的研发中得到充分利用,对基于超声辅助法提取后的黑小麦麸皮中的多酚粗提物进行纯化,优化了大孔树脂纯化工艺,采用液相色谱与质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,对纯化后的麸皮多酚组成做了初步分析。结果显示:当样...为使黑小麦麸皮在全谷物功能性食品的研发中得到充分利用,对基于超声辅助法提取后的黑小麦麸皮中的多酚粗提物进行纯化,优化了大孔树脂纯化工艺,采用液相色谱与质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,对纯化后的麸皮多酚组成做了初步分析。结果显示:当样品溶液浓度为1.20 mg/m L、洗脱溶剂浓度为60%、进样流速为1.50 m L/min、洗脱速度为1.50 m L/min时,纯化效果较佳。纯化前后的黑小麦麸皮多酚纯度分别为2.60%±0.28%和14.27%±0.13%,纯化后多酚纯度约为纯化前的5.48倍。推测出纯化后的黑小麦麸皮多酚提取物中可能含有的九种多酚类物质。综上所述,大孔树脂纯化工艺有效地纯化了黑小麦麸皮多酚粗提物,一定程度上保持了多酚类物质的多样性。展开更多
[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as t...[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as to provide references for the protection of variety intellectual property. [Method] Testing comparison and statistical analysis were conducted to the dormant seeds of winter wheat genotype 9966, parents of Liangxing 99 and Liangxing 96 aw well as the closely related variety of the parents, Jimai 22. [Result] Heng 9966 showed a difference of 2 codes in 1000-grain weight and sedimentation value from the above-mentioned 3 genotypes, and the variant analysis reached the extremely significant level of 0.01. And it also showed extremely significant difference at the level of 0.01 with Liangxing 66 in grain length, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain width, with Liangxing 66 in grain area, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain perimeter. [Conclusion] Heng 9966 had significant distinctness from its parents and their closely related variety, and grain shape can be used as a reference indicator for variety distinctness for the protection of variety intellectual property.展开更多
To analyze the bacterial communities in lime concretion black soil upon the incorporation of crop residues for two years in wheat-maize system, total DNA was directly extracted and PCR-amplified with the F357GC and R5...To analyze the bacterial communities in lime concretion black soil upon the incorporation of crop residues for two years in wheat-maize system, total DNA was directly extracted and PCR-amplified with the F357GC and R518 primers targeting the 16S rRNA genes of V3 region. The amplified fragments were analyzed by perpendicular DGGE. Analyzing of species richness index S and Shannon diversity index H revealed that there was a high diversity of soil bacterial community compositions among all treatments after incorporation of crop residues and fertilizing under field conditions. Eleven DGGE bands recovered were re-amplified, sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the representative DGGE fingerprints identified four groups of the prokaryotic communities in the soil by returning wheat residues and fertilizing under field conditions. The bacterial communities belonged to gamma proteobacterium, Cupriavidus sp, halophilic eubacterium, Acidobacterium sp, Sorangium sp, delta proteobacterium, Streptococcus sp and Streptococcus agalactiae were main bacterial communities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that there were the differences in DNA profiles among the six treatments. It showed that wheat residue returning, maize residue returning and fertilizing all can improve bacterial diversity in varying degrees. As far as improvement of bacterial diversity was concerned, wheat residue returning was higher than fertilizing, and fertilizing higher than maize residue returning.展开更多
文摘Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T<sub>1</sub>—Black berry Leaves, T<sub>2</sub>—Guava Leaves, T<sub>3</sub>—Lantena camera leaves, T<sub>4</sub>—Eucalyptus Leaves, T<sub>5</sub>— Turmeric Leaves, T<sub>6</sub>—Khoksha Leaves, T<sub>7</sub>—Papaya leaves, T<sub>8</sub>-Gurlic Bulb, T<sub>9</sub>—Chili dust, T<sub>10</sub>—Nigella seeds, T<sub>11</sub>—Turmeric dust, T<sub>12</sub>—Cloves, T<sub>13</sub>— Bohera fruits, T<sub>14</sub>—Black pepper and T<sub>15</sub>—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>14</sub> treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T<sub>2</sub> treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T<sub>9</sub> treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T<sub>8</sub> treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bipolaris sorokiniana was different in different treatments in different days after inoculation (DAI) where at 7 DAI, % reduction of mycelial growth over control was highest in Bohera and Neem Leaves treatments respectively.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-03)Special Fund for Seed Industry Construction from Taishan Scholar FoundationNational Science and Technology Major Project for Genetic Improvement of Crop Quality~~
文摘In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region＂ were used as experimental materials to investigate their bread-making quality, noodle-making quality and other related characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the wheat varieties had better bread-making quality; the bread made from wheat with longer dough mixing time than 3.0 min had better texture, lighter color, and better taste. All these 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties showed good noodle-making quality in color, appearance, smoothness and taste; the differences between varieties were mainly found in palatability and viscoelasticity. Jimai 20, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 7698, Ji＇nan 17 and Zhengmai 9023 exhibited excellent bread-making quality; Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 displayed excellent noodle-making quality. Fresh dough sheets made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 exhibited slight color variation within 24 h and high peak starch paste viscosity; dry and cooked noodles made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 had good quality.
基金Supported by the "Eleventh-Five"Breeding Critical Program of Xin-jiang Production and Construction Corps(2006GG04)Science and Technology Start-up Fund of Higher Layer Personnel of Shihezi University(RCZX200720)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the inheritance property of the color of seed in black wheat.[Method]Segregation for seed coat colors was studied in F1,F2 and F3 population from eight crosses of four black-seed wheat cultivars（Heixiaomai76,Heixiaomai18,96-45 and S-1）with four white-seed wheat cultivars（9-231,Ningchun16,Ningchun17 and Xinchun22）.[Result]The results showed that the color of Heixiaomai 76 maternal genetic traits is controlled by two incompletely dominant genes,the segregation in F3 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white）ratio.Color of S-1,96-45,and Heixiaomai 18 is controlled by two Independent and complementary genetic genes,the segregation for black kernel color in F2 populations fits 9（dark）∶7（white）ratio.[Conclusion]Different kinds of new species can be breed through the hybrid of black wheat and white wheat varieties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40401003)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-356)the Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management of Jilin Province (No. DS2004-03)
文摘Available water and fertilizer have been the main limiting factors for yields of spring wheat, which occupies a large area of the black soil zone in northeast China; thus, the need to set up appropriate models for scenario analysis of cropping system models has been increasing. The capability of CropSyst, a cropping system simulation model, to simulate spring wheat growth of a widely grown spring cultivar, 'Longmai 19', in the black soil zone in northeast China under different water and nitrogen regimes was evaluated. Field data collected from a rotation experiment of three growing seasons (1992-1994) were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model was run for 3 years by providing initial conditions at the beginning of the rotation without reinitializing the model in later years in the rotation sequence. Crop input parameters were set based on measured data or taken from CropSyst manual. A few cultivar-specific parameters were adjusted within a reasonable range of fluctuation. The results demonstrated the robustness of CropSyst for simulating evapotranspiration, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of 'Longmai 19' spring wheat with the root mean square errors being 7%, 13% and 13% of the observed means for evapotranspiration (ET), grain yield and aboveground biomass, respectively. Although CropSyst was able to simulate spring production reasonably well, further evaluation and improvement of the model with a more detailed field database was desirable for agricultural systems in northeast China.
文摘Analysis on foulants shows that: the elements (except for C, H and O) in foulants formed during evaporating alkaline wheat straw black liquor are Si, Ca , K, Na, Mg and Al; Si and Ca account for about 36% of the weight of foulants; The organic ingredients amout to about 20% of the foulant; Rhodesite (Ca,K,Na)8Si16O40·11H2O is the main composition in foulants. The fouling mechanism of wheat black liquor is quite different from that of soft/hard wood black liquor, because the content of Si inside wheat straw black liquor is much more than that of soft/hard wood black liquor. Complex chemical reactions occur when evaporating wheat straw black liquor. The author considers that colloid H2SiO3 plays an important role in the process. The minerals produced by reactions between H2SiO3, with anion charges and positive ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, etc. Further investigation on the process should be done.The fractal theory is used to analyze the fouling geometric texture. The fractal dimension values D of foulants are also calculated.
文摘The heat transfer properties of black liquor from wheat pulp in a stirring apparatus were studied in this paper. By changing the experiment conditions of temperature-difference driving force, geometry shape and agitator speed, we investigated the heat transfer properties of black liquor from wheat pulp under the conditions of different physical properties, rheological properties, fluid power conditions and the space geometrical characteristics of fluid flow. Furthermore the related mathematical models and evaluation criteria based on the conventional methods and artificial neural networks were established. The experimental results showed that the above-mentioned factors have obvious effect to black liquor from wheat pulp?
文摘A novel vapor-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed evaporator, meaning for enhancing heat transfer and preventing fouling, is applied to wheat straw black liquor, which is the primary pollutant in China’s papermaking industry. It is treated by alkali recovery, in which evaporation is a key process. The experimental results show that the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase boiling heat transfer coefficient is enhanced by 20%～40% than that of vapor-liquid two-phase boiling flow, also, the novel evaporator exhibits an excellent function of fouling prevention.
文摘为使黑小麦麸皮在全谷物功能性食品的研发中得到充分利用,对基于超声辅助法提取后的黑小麦麸皮中的多酚粗提物进行纯化,优化了大孔树脂纯化工艺,采用液相色谱与质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,对纯化后的麸皮多酚组成做了初步分析。结果显示:当样品溶液浓度为1.20 mg/m L、洗脱溶剂浓度为60%、进样流速为1.50 m L/min、洗脱速度为1.50 m L/min时,纯化效果较佳。纯化前后的黑小麦麸皮多酚纯度分别为2.60%±0.28%和14.27%±0.13%,纯化后多酚纯度约为纯化前的5.48倍。推测出纯化后的黑小麦麸皮多酚提取物中可能含有的九种多酚类物质。综上所述,大孔树脂纯化工艺有效地纯化了黑小麦麸皮多酚粗提物,一定程度上保持了多酚类物质的多样性。
基金Supported by the"Creation and Application of Wheat Hybrid with Strong Heterosis in Huang-Huai Wheat Area"of the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0101602)the"Wheat Mutation Breeding Technology Innovation and Variety Creation"of the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0102101)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System for Wheat(CARS-3-2)the Industrial Technology Research System for Wheat of Hebei Province~~
文摘[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as to provide references for the protection of variety intellectual property. [Method] Testing comparison and statistical analysis were conducted to the dormant seeds of winter wheat genotype 9966, parents of Liangxing 99 and Liangxing 96 aw well as the closely related variety of the parents, Jimai 22. [Result] Heng 9966 showed a difference of 2 codes in 1000-grain weight and sedimentation value from the above-mentioned 3 genotypes, and the variant analysis reached the extremely significant level of 0.01. And it also showed extremely significant difference at the level of 0.01 with Liangxing 66 in grain length, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain width, with Liangxing 66 in grain area, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain perimeter. [Conclusion] Heng 9966 had significant distinctness from its parents and their closely related variety, and grain shape can be used as a reference indicator for variety distinctness for the protection of variety intellectual property.
文摘To analyze the bacterial communities in lime concretion black soil upon the incorporation of crop residues for two years in wheat-maize system, total DNA was directly extracted and PCR-amplified with the F357GC and R518 primers targeting the 16S rRNA genes of V3 region. The amplified fragments were analyzed by perpendicular DGGE. Analyzing of species richness index S and Shannon diversity index H revealed that there was a high diversity of soil bacterial community compositions among all treatments after incorporation of crop residues and fertilizing under field conditions. Eleven DGGE bands recovered were re-amplified, sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the representative DGGE fingerprints identified four groups of the prokaryotic communities in the soil by returning wheat residues and fertilizing under field conditions. The bacterial communities belonged to gamma proteobacterium, Cupriavidus sp, halophilic eubacterium, Acidobacterium sp, Sorangium sp, delta proteobacterium, Streptococcus sp and Streptococcus agalactiae were main bacterial communities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that there were the differences in DNA profiles among the six treatments. It showed that wheat residue returning, maize residue returning and fertilizing all can improve bacterial diversity in varying degrees. As far as improvement of bacterial diversity was concerned, wheat residue returning was higher than fertilizing, and fertilizing higher than maize residue returning.
