Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term foll...Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.展开更多
Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tio...Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal development.Methods:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2020.Our assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of preeclampsia.Results:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our study.The average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 years.The mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 weeks.Of the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with CHD.Within this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal BMI.Conclusion:We identified a statistically significant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of CHD.However,our analysis did not show a statistically significant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of CHD.These results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.展开更多
Pes planus or flatfeet is a postural deformity which leads the entire sole of the foot to completely or near-completely touch the ground.Pes planus deformity occurs due to collapse of foot arches which can be congenit...Pes planus or flatfeet is a postural deformity which leads the entire sole of the foot to completely or near-completely touch the ground.Pes planus deformity occurs due to collapse of foot arches which can be congenital or pathological.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of flatfoot condition among undergraduates at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences(FAHS),General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University(KDU)and its correlation with age,gender and BMI.A cross sectional study was conducted among 533 participants(Male=131,Female=402).Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data.BMI was calculated by obtaining height and weight measurements.Arch index method was used to determine the foot type taken using the Modified Harris Mat.The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.The study was done among people aged 19 to 26.The prevalence of flatfoot among this age group was 34.7%(n=185).Most of them are bilateral flat feet(73.5%),only 26.5%are unilateral flat feet.The proportion of patients with flat footedness was significantly higher in women(75%)than in men(25%).BMI in the overweight and obese categories(BMI>23)was statistically significant(p<0.05),which is 164(52.4%).Study shows a statistically significant association between flatfoot and increasing BMI beyond normal(p<0.05).There is no significant association between flatfoot with age and gender.Prevalence of flatfoot among allied health undergraduates was seemingly high requiring screening for early detection and appropriate referral for corrective measures.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine the gut bacteria and nutritional status of children (n = 30) aged 2 - 11 in Benue’s largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camp since information on this is lacking. Gut bact...This study was conducted to determine the gut bacteria and nutritional status of children (n = 30) aged 2 - 11 in Benue’s largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camp since information on this is lacking. Gut bacteria were identified using culture techniques, while Body Mass Index (Kg/m<sup>2</sup>), Weight-for-Height (WHZ), and Weight-for-Age (WAZ) z scores were computed from anthropometric measurements. Socio-demographic and economic variables were collected via structured questionnaires. IBM SPSS v25 was used to analyze the data, with p Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli compared to children from a nearby private school (n = 10), except for E. coli, where the prevalence was equal. The results for BMI revealed that 23 (57.5%) of the children had a healthy weight while 17 (42.5%) were underweight.WAZ z-scores were between (-0.02 - 2.51) with evidence of mildly underweight (20%) and mildly overweight (5%) children. WHZ z-scores were between -0.03 - 2.37, with moderately wasted (30%) and severely wasted (5%) found. To ensure better health outcomes for residents, conditions in the camp must be improved.展开更多
The influence of the built environment on human health has attracted increasing attention. Given that the elderly have been an integral part in China, the built environment not only influences their health, but also i...The influence of the built environment on human health has attracted increasing attention. Given that the elderly have been an integral part in China, the built environment not only influences their health, but also influences the life and work of their children, thus resulting in social problems. Based on questionnaire obtained data on the elderly people in Chongqing, an ordinal multi-categorical regression model is established to analyze the influence of built environment on the leisure and physical activities(especially walking) that the elderly participated in, and the influence on their Body Mass Index(BMI). The results show that, in addition to age and preference for high-calorie diet, whether there is convenient access to leisure and fitness places from where they live, and the corresponding distance in-between are significantly related to the BMI of the elderly. Particularly, the best distance range is less than 1,000 m, within which leisure and fitness places have significant impact on the BMI of the elderly and the influence shows distance decay. In the last section of this paper, according to the conclusion, proposals are put forward for the optimization of the built environment.展开更多
Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH), characterized by an excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, is strongly associated with Metabolic Syndrome, which groups together a constellation of cardiovascular risk f...Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH), characterized by an excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, is strongly associated with Metabolic Syndrome, which groups together a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors that make it an emerging public health problem on a global scale. The objective of this study was to review the state of knowledge on Metabolic Syndrome and NASH in the Ivorian population. It was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 2 months at the Diabetes Endocrinology Department of the University Hospital Centre (CHU) of Yopougon. It included all patients of any age and sex who were hospitalized or received consultation. The criteria of the Metabolic Syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were used to define and calculate the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome. Our study found a prevalence of 18.66% of Metabolic Syndrome according to the IDF criteria and a prevalence of 3.33% of NASH in a population of 150 patients hospitalized or received in consultation. There was a predominance of women and older subjects, so the current level of knowledge about Metabolic Syndrome and NASH was low in our study population with only 12%. Indeed, patients over 50 years of age were at higher risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome and NASH. Apart from hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension were the most common criteria. Finally, age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH). However, the awareness of the population, the respect of food hygiene and the implementation of recommended strategies are essential elements in the eradication of these different pathologies.展开更多
Background:While the long-term survival rate among patients with pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas remains low,it can be influenced by various factors.The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate t...Background:While the long-term survival rate among patients with pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas remains low,it can be influenced by various factors.The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of body mass index(BMI)on postoperative complications and patient survival after pancreatic resections for underlying malignancy over a 20-year observation period.Methods:We analyzed 1,384 patients,918 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)(66.3%),229 patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma(16.5%),206 ampullary carcinoma patients(14.8%),and 31 duodenal carcinoma patients(2.2%).Patients were classified into four groups(group 1<18.5;group 2,18.5–25.0;group 3,25.1–30.0;group 4>30.0)according to their BMI(kg/m2).We analyzed differences in postoperative complications,postoperative length of hospital stays,reoperations,postoperative mortality and survival rate among the groups.Results:Within a mean observation period of 687.7[2–8,500]days,735(53.1%)patients died.There were important differences in postoperative complications(group 1,16.2%;group 2,20.3%;group 3,27.2%,group 4,41.6%)with the type of postoperative complications also varying between the groups.Overall 1-,5-,10-and 15-year survival rates were 66.4%,25.5%,17.9%,and 12.1%,respectively,with survival rates varying amongst the four groups.Conclusions:Patients with a BMI between 18.5 and 30 show better postoperative outcomes,regarding complications,hospitalization duration,and reoperation rates than underweight or obese patients.Short-term survival depends strongly on postoperative complications while patients with a higher BMI show better long-term survival rates.展开更多
Background:Obesity is associated with increased oncological risk and outcomes but the evidence surrounding the effect of body mass index(BMI)on increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence after liver tra...Background:Obesity is associated with increased oncological risk and outcomes but the evidence surrounding the effect of body mass index(BMI)on increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)is still questionable.The purpose of this retrospective study of a large cohort of adult patients transplanted for HCC was to investigate the effect of BMI on the incidence of HCC recurrence and outcome.Methods:Data from 427 adult recipients transplanted for HCC between 2000 and 2017 were collected.Patients were classified at time of LT according to the World Health Organization BMI classification into 3 groups;group 1:BMI<25(n=166),group 2:BMI 25-29.9(n=150)and group 3:BMI≥30(n=111).Results:There were no significant changes of mean BMI overtime 26.8±5.0 kg/m2 at time of LT and 28.8±23.1 at 5 years.The recurrence rates of HCC after LT in the three groups were 19%,16%and 17%respectively.The 5,10 and 15-year recurrence free survival(RFS)rates were respectively 68.6%,47.3%and 40.8%in group 1,73.3%,66.2%and 49.5%in group 2 and 68.8%,57.5%and 47.7%in group 3(log rank P=0.47).Conclusions:Recipient BMI at time of transplant and during follow-up didn’t impact the incidence of HCC recurrence nor long-term patient survival,irrespective to the status of the patients and their tumor characteristic at time of LT.The present study clearly confirms that obesity should not be considered,when selecting patients with HCC to LT,as a predictive factor of recurrence.展开更多
Objective:This study determined the relationship between esophageal cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients and body mass index(BMI)and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Methods:A hospital-based case-control study was adopte...Objective:This study determined the relationship between esophageal cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients and body mass index(BMI)and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Methods:A hospital-based case-control study was adopted.Two hundred eighty-two patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer through clinical endoscopy,X-ray examination,or histopathologic evaluation,and underwent surgery or received chemotherapy were enrolled as cases.The control group consisted of 282 patients without any cancers or esophageal diseases who were hospitalized during the same period in the same hospital.Face-to-face interviews were con-ducted using standard survey forms,and the height,weight,waist circumference,and hip circum-ference were measured to calculate the BMI and WHR.The odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)between the patient BMI and WHR and esophageal cancer were estimated using a multi-factor logistic regression model.Results:There was no statistical difference between the case and control groups with respect to age,gender,occupation,educational background,place of residence,and history of high blood pressure(P>0.05);however,there were more cases who smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol than controls(P<0.05).Single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for esopha-geal cancer in overweight and obese patients was 1.53-and 1.82-fold that of normoweight patients,respectively.The risk for esophageal cancer in patients with a WHR in the highest quartile was 1.85-fold the control patients with a WHR in the lowest quartile.After confounding factors,such as gender and age,were adjusted,multi-factor logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk for esophageal cancer in overweight and obese patients increased by 59.4%(OR=1.594)and 78.2%(OR=1.782),respectively,when compared with normoweight patients.Conclusion:BMI and WHR are important risk factors for esophageal cancer.Overweight and obese patients are at increased risk for esophageal cancer.Maintaining a normal weight may be a factor in preventing esophageal cancer.展开更多
Importance: The incidence of pancreatitis has been increasing over the last decade. Limited data are available for pancreatitis in the Hispanic population. The clinical profile of pancreatitis and its association with...Importance: The incidence of pancreatitis has been increasing over the last decade. Limited data are available for pancreatitis in the Hispanic population. The clinical profile of pancreatitis and its association with obesity in a Mexican American population has not been well studied. Objective: To describe prevalence, the characteristics of pancreatitis cases, and determine its association with obesity. Design and Setting: Retrospective review of children from February 2012 to February 2015, at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso (TTUHSC-El Paso) outpatient center. Case/non-case study was used to determine the association of overweight and obesity with pancreatitis. Participants: Children ages 2 - 18 years, only the newly diagnosed pancreatitis cases irrespective of its type excluding patients with traumatic and repeat visit for pancreatitis. Main Outcome and Measures: Pancreatitis and obesity. Results: The prevalence of pancreatitis was estimated as 20 cases in 21,444 patients seen in the outpatient clinic. In multivariable analysis, only obesity and ethnicity were significantly associated with pancreatitis. Obesity was found to be more than 7-fold likely with pancreatitis as compared to non-cases. Overweight was found to be more than 6-fold likely with pancreatitis as compared with non-cases. Our study demonstrates an association between obesity and pancreatitis in the study population. Conclusions and Relevance: Appropriate intervention for managing obesity may reduce the prevalence of pancreatitis and associated co-morbidities. A larger prospective study should be done to determine underlying causes of association between obesity and pancreatitis.展开更多
The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) in school and college going students (aged 11 - 18 years). Anemia is the most public health problem in school age children. It has a w...The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) in school and college going students (aged 11 - 18 years). Anemia is the most public health problem in school age children. It has a wide range of adverse results involving, poor cognitive performance, poor development of infants, preschool and school-aged children. Anemia also causes the impairment of physical capacity, work performance of adolescents and adults, reduction in immune competence and increased morbidity from infections in all age groups. Our study based on 1686 volunteers was randomly selected from different Government High schools and colleges. A Questionnaire was utilized for data collection. BMI was also calculated by dividing weight in kg by the square of height in meters. Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell was examined using Sysmex kx-21N hemoglobin auto analyzer (Hedwin, 2008). The total percentage of anaemic students (43.1%) and non-anaemic (56.9%) were observed in district Shaheed Benazirabad. The mean Hb level of anaemic students (11.1 ± 4.94) was observed. In males (12.7%) and females (30.4%) anemic was observed. The prevalence of anemia high (16.2%) was observed in the age of 14 - 16 years. The majority of anemic patients (30.2%) belonged to low income group. Area wise prevalence, in rural areas 27.8% and urban areas 15.3% volunteers anaemic was observed. Taluka wise occurrence of anaemia in taluka Sakrand was (14.6%), in taluka Kazi Ahmed (15.0%), in taluka Daur (8.0%) and in taluka Nawabshah was (5.5%). Clinically signs and symptoms showed, pale skin 57.7% and weakness 42.3% were observed in school children.展开更多
With the advent of the era of organ donation after citizen's death,split liver transplantation(SLT)can effectively increase the supply of donor livers and shorten the transplantation wait time for patients,especia...With the advent of the era of organ donation after citizen's death,split liver transplantation(SLT)can effectively increase the supply of donor livers and shorten the transplantation wait time for patients,especially pediatric recipients.In recent years,SLT has been performed to varying degrees in many transplant centers in China,and varying levels of efficacy have been achieved.The quality of donors and donor livers for SLT is an important factor affecting the outcome of the surgery.At this stage,it is necessary to reach a consensus on the evaluation of SLT donor and liver donor that is suitable for the conditions in China by combining the well-established experience of the international community with advanced transplantation technology.This approach will aid in enhancing the efficacy of SLT.Based on the experience of experts,a consensus on the evaluation of donors and donor livers for SLT has been formulated in this study,which focuses on evaluation of donors and donor livers,evaluating the functional and anatomical aspects of the donor liver and donorerecipient matching.展开更多
Background and Aims:Multiple non-invasive methods including radiological,anthropometric and biochemical markers have been reported with variable performance.The present study assessed glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)as ...Background and Aims:Multiple non-invasive methods including radiological,anthropometric and biochemical markers have been reported with variable performance.The present study assessed glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)as a biomarker to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its severity,compared with body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR)and waist circumference(WC)Methods:This case control study included 450 individuals,including 150 cases and 300 age-and gender-matched controls recruited from the Dow Radiology Institute on the basis of radiological findings of fatty infiltration on abdominal ultrasound through convenient sampling.BMI,WHR and WC were measured according to standard protocols.HbA1C was determined by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay Results:Among the cases and controls,66%and 32%had HbA1C levels higher than 5.7%respectively.HbA1C and BMI were significantly associated with NAFLD[crude odds ratio(cOR)=4.12,2.88,2.25(overweight)and 4.32(obese)].WC was found to be significantly associated with NAFLD for both genders(cOR in males=5.50 and females=5.79,p<0.01).After adjustment for other parameters,HbA1C and WC were found to be significantly associated with NAFLD(aOR=3.40,p<0.001)along with WC in males(aOR=2.91,p<0.05)and in females(aOR=4.28,p<0.05).A significant rise in severity of hepatic steatosis was noted with increases in HbA1C,BMI and WC.HbA1C possessed a positive predictive value of 76%for the study population[0.76,confidence interval(CI):0.715-0.809],70.6%for males(0.706,CI:0.629-0.783)and 80%for females(0.80,CI:0.741-0.858).Conclusions:Higher than normal HbA1C and WC measurements possess a more than 70%potential to predict NAFLD.It is the single risk factor that is strongly associated with NAFLD after adjustment for indices of body measurements.HbA1C may be presented as a potential biomarker for NAFLD in examination with other anthropometric measures in the adult population.展开更多
Pull-up,as an important physical fitness test event of the“National Student Physical Health Standard”,is known as a difficult physical fitness test event.To improve the assessment criteria of pull-ups,this paper use...Pull-up,as an important physical fitness test event of the“National Student Physical Health Standard”,is known as a difficult physical fitness test event.To improve the assessment criteria of pull-ups,this paper uses the functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to monitor the changes and activation of oxyhemoglobin(HbO)signals in the brain motor cortex of people with different body mass indexes(BMIs)during the pullup assessment.Then the relationship between BMIs and evaluation criteria is discussed.After collecting and analyzing experimental data of 18 recruited college students,it is found that the number of pull-ups performed by people with different BMIs is different when they reach the peak state of brain activation.The results of the study indicate that different assessment criteria should be adopted for different BMI groups.It is suggested that the BMI should be introduced as one of the test indexes in the examination of pull-ups event in“National Student Physical Health Standard”.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition(17dz2272000)Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Key weak discipline construction project 2019ZB0101)the Scientific research fund of China Nutrition Society(CNSHPNK2021-16)。
文摘Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.
基金The San Juan Bautista School of Medicine’s Institutional Review Board approved the study(EMSJBIRB-7-2021).
文摘Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal development.Methods:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2020.Our assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of preeclampsia.Results:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our study.The average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 years.The mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 weeks.Of the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with CHD.Within this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal BMI.Conclusion:We identified a statistically significant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of CHD.However,our analysis did not show a statistically significant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of CHD.These results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.
文摘Pes planus or flatfeet is a postural deformity which leads the entire sole of the foot to completely or near-completely touch the ground.Pes planus deformity occurs due to collapse of foot arches which can be congenital or pathological.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of flatfoot condition among undergraduates at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences(FAHS),General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University(KDU)and its correlation with age,gender and BMI.A cross sectional study was conducted among 533 participants(Male=131,Female=402).Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data.BMI was calculated by obtaining height and weight measurements.Arch index method was used to determine the foot type taken using the Modified Harris Mat.The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.The study was done among people aged 19 to 26.The prevalence of flatfoot among this age group was 34.7%(n=185).Most of them are bilateral flat feet(73.5%),only 26.5%are unilateral flat feet.The proportion of patients with flat footedness was significantly higher in women(75%)than in men(25%).BMI in the overweight and obese categories(BMI>23)was statistically significant(p<0.05),which is 164(52.4%).Study shows a statistically significant association between flatfoot and increasing BMI beyond normal(p<0.05).There is no significant association between flatfoot with age and gender.Prevalence of flatfoot among allied health undergraduates was seemingly high requiring screening for early detection and appropriate referral for corrective measures.
文摘This study was conducted to determine the gut bacteria and nutritional status of children (n = 30) aged 2 - 11 in Benue’s largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camp since information on this is lacking. Gut bacteria were identified using culture techniques, while Body Mass Index (Kg/m<sup>2</sup>), Weight-for-Height (WHZ), and Weight-for-Age (WAZ) z scores were computed from anthropometric measurements. Socio-demographic and economic variables were collected via structured questionnaires. IBM SPSS v25 was used to analyze the data, with p Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli compared to children from a nearby private school (n = 10), except for E. coli, where the prevalence was equal. The results for BMI revealed that 23 (57.5%) of the children had a healthy weight while 17 (42.5%) were underweight.WAZ z-scores were between (-0.02 - 2.51) with evidence of mildly underweight (20%) and mildly overweight (5%) children. WHZ z-scores were between -0.03 - 2.37, with moderately wasted (30%) and severely wasted (5%) found. To ensure better health outcomes for residents, conditions in the camp must be improved.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(41201178,41501575)Chongqing Municipal Association of Social Sciences(2016PY24)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJ1705114)
文摘The influence of the built environment on human health has attracted increasing attention. Given that the elderly have been an integral part in China, the built environment not only influences their health, but also influences the life and work of their children, thus resulting in social problems. Based on questionnaire obtained data on the elderly people in Chongqing, an ordinal multi-categorical regression model is established to analyze the influence of built environment on the leisure and physical activities(especially walking) that the elderly participated in, and the influence on their Body Mass Index(BMI). The results show that, in addition to age and preference for high-calorie diet, whether there is convenient access to leisure and fitness places from where they live, and the corresponding distance in-between are significantly related to the BMI of the elderly. Particularly, the best distance range is less than 1,000 m, within which leisure and fitness places have significant impact on the BMI of the elderly and the influence shows distance decay. In the last section of this paper, according to the conclusion, proposals are put forward for the optimization of the built environment.
文摘Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH), characterized by an excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, is strongly associated with Metabolic Syndrome, which groups together a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors that make it an emerging public health problem on a global scale. The objective of this study was to review the state of knowledge on Metabolic Syndrome and NASH in the Ivorian population. It was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 2 months at the Diabetes Endocrinology Department of the University Hospital Centre (CHU) of Yopougon. It included all patients of any age and sex who were hospitalized or received consultation. The criteria of the Metabolic Syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were used to define and calculate the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome. Our study found a prevalence of 18.66% of Metabolic Syndrome according to the IDF criteria and a prevalence of 3.33% of NASH in a population of 150 patients hospitalized or received in consultation. There was a predominance of women and older subjects, so the current level of knowledge about Metabolic Syndrome and NASH was low in our study population with only 12%. Indeed, patients over 50 years of age were at higher risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome and NASH. Apart from hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension were the most common criteria. Finally, age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH). However, the awareness of the population, the respect of food hygiene and the implementation of recommended strategies are essential elements in the eradication of these different pathologies.
文摘Background:While the long-term survival rate among patients with pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas remains low,it can be influenced by various factors.The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of body mass index(BMI)on postoperative complications and patient survival after pancreatic resections for underlying malignancy over a 20-year observation period.Methods:We analyzed 1,384 patients,918 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)(66.3%),229 patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma(16.5%),206 ampullary carcinoma patients(14.8%),and 31 duodenal carcinoma patients(2.2%).Patients were classified into four groups(group 1<18.5;group 2,18.5–25.0;group 3,25.1–30.0;group 4>30.0)according to their BMI(kg/m2).We analyzed differences in postoperative complications,postoperative length of hospital stays,reoperations,postoperative mortality and survival rate among the groups.Results:Within a mean observation period of 687.7[2–8,500]days,735(53.1%)patients died.There were important differences in postoperative complications(group 1,16.2%;group 2,20.3%;group 3,27.2%,group 4,41.6%)with the type of postoperative complications also varying between the groups.Overall 1-,5-,10-and 15-year survival rates were 66.4%,25.5%,17.9%,and 12.1%,respectively,with survival rates varying amongst the four groups.Conclusions:Patients with a BMI between 18.5 and 30 show better postoperative outcomes,regarding complications,hospitalization duration,and reoperation rates than underweight or obese patients.Short-term survival depends strongly on postoperative complications while patients with a higher BMI show better long-term survival rates.
文摘Background:Obesity is associated with increased oncological risk and outcomes but the evidence surrounding the effect of body mass index(BMI)on increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)is still questionable.The purpose of this retrospective study of a large cohort of adult patients transplanted for HCC was to investigate the effect of BMI on the incidence of HCC recurrence and outcome.Methods:Data from 427 adult recipients transplanted for HCC between 2000 and 2017 were collected.Patients were classified at time of LT according to the World Health Organization BMI classification into 3 groups;group 1:BMI<25(n=166),group 2:BMI 25-29.9(n=150)and group 3:BMI≥30(n=111).Results:There were no significant changes of mean BMI overtime 26.8±5.0 kg/m2 at time of LT and 28.8±23.1 at 5 years.The recurrence rates of HCC after LT in the three groups were 19%,16%and 17%respectively.The 5,10 and 15-year recurrence free survival(RFS)rates were respectively 68.6%,47.3%and 40.8%in group 1,73.3%,66.2%and 49.5%in group 2 and 68.8%,57.5%and 47.7%in group 3(log rank P=0.47).Conclusions:Recipient BMI at time of transplant and during follow-up didn’t impact the incidence of HCC recurrence nor long-term patient survival,irrespective to the status of the patients and their tumor characteristic at time of LT.The present study clearly confirms that obesity should not be considered,when selecting patients with HCC to LT,as a predictive factor of recurrence.
文摘Objective:This study determined the relationship between esophageal cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients and body mass index(BMI)and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Methods:A hospital-based case-control study was adopted.Two hundred eighty-two patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer through clinical endoscopy,X-ray examination,or histopathologic evaluation,and underwent surgery or received chemotherapy were enrolled as cases.The control group consisted of 282 patients without any cancers or esophageal diseases who were hospitalized during the same period in the same hospital.Face-to-face interviews were con-ducted using standard survey forms,and the height,weight,waist circumference,and hip circum-ference were measured to calculate the BMI and WHR.The odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)between the patient BMI and WHR and esophageal cancer were estimated using a multi-factor logistic regression model.Results:There was no statistical difference between the case and control groups with respect to age,gender,occupation,educational background,place of residence,and history of high blood pressure(P>0.05);however,there were more cases who smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol than controls(P<0.05).Single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for esopha-geal cancer in overweight and obese patients was 1.53-and 1.82-fold that of normoweight patients,respectively.The risk for esophageal cancer in patients with a WHR in the highest quartile was 1.85-fold the control patients with a WHR in the lowest quartile.After confounding factors,such as gender and age,were adjusted,multi-factor logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk for esophageal cancer in overweight and obese patients increased by 59.4%(OR=1.594)and 78.2%(OR=1.782),respectively,when compared with normoweight patients.Conclusion:BMI and WHR are important risk factors for esophageal cancer.Overweight and obese patients are at increased risk for esophageal cancer.Maintaining a normal weight may be a factor in preventing esophageal cancer.
文摘Importance: The incidence of pancreatitis has been increasing over the last decade. Limited data are available for pancreatitis in the Hispanic population. The clinical profile of pancreatitis and its association with obesity in a Mexican American population has not been well studied. Objective: To describe prevalence, the characteristics of pancreatitis cases, and determine its association with obesity. Design and Setting: Retrospective review of children from February 2012 to February 2015, at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of El Paso (TTUHSC-El Paso) outpatient center. Case/non-case study was used to determine the association of overweight and obesity with pancreatitis. Participants: Children ages 2 - 18 years, only the newly diagnosed pancreatitis cases irrespective of its type excluding patients with traumatic and repeat visit for pancreatitis. Main Outcome and Measures: Pancreatitis and obesity. Results: The prevalence of pancreatitis was estimated as 20 cases in 21,444 patients seen in the outpatient clinic. In multivariable analysis, only obesity and ethnicity were significantly associated with pancreatitis. Obesity was found to be more than 7-fold likely with pancreatitis as compared to non-cases. Overweight was found to be more than 6-fold likely with pancreatitis as compared with non-cases. Our study demonstrates an association between obesity and pancreatitis in the study population. Conclusions and Relevance: Appropriate intervention for managing obesity may reduce the prevalence of pancreatitis and associated co-morbidities. A larger prospective study should be done to determine underlying causes of association between obesity and pancreatitis.
文摘The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) in school and college going students (aged 11 - 18 years). Anemia is the most public health problem in school age children. It has a wide range of adverse results involving, poor cognitive performance, poor development of infants, preschool and school-aged children. Anemia also causes the impairment of physical capacity, work performance of adolescents and adults, reduction in immune competence and increased morbidity from infections in all age groups. Our study based on 1686 volunteers was randomly selected from different Government High schools and colleges. A Questionnaire was utilized for data collection. BMI was also calculated by dividing weight in kg by the square of height in meters. Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell was examined using Sysmex kx-21N hemoglobin auto analyzer (Hedwin, 2008). The total percentage of anaemic students (43.1%) and non-anaemic (56.9%) were observed in district Shaheed Benazirabad. The mean Hb level of anaemic students (11.1 ± 4.94) was observed. In males (12.7%) and females (30.4%) anemic was observed. The prevalence of anemia high (16.2%) was observed in the age of 14 - 16 years. The majority of anemic patients (30.2%) belonged to low income group. Area wise prevalence, in rural areas 27.8% and urban areas 15.3% volunteers anaemic was observed. Taluka wise occurrence of anaemia in taluka Sakrand was (14.6%), in taluka Kazi Ahmed (15.0%), in taluka Daur (8.0%) and in taluka Nawabshah was (5.5%). Clinically signs and symptoms showed, pale skin 57.7% and weakness 42.3% were observed in school children.
基金grants from National 13th Five-Year Science and Technology Plan Major Projects of China(2017ZX10203205)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104304)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770648,81972286)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2015A030312013,2020A1515010574,2020A1515010302)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(2017B020209004,2019B020236003,2020B1212060019)and Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,China(201803040005).
文摘With the advent of the era of organ donation after citizen's death,split liver transplantation(SLT)can effectively increase the supply of donor livers and shorten the transplantation wait time for patients,especially pediatric recipients.In recent years,SLT has been performed to varying degrees in many transplant centers in China,and varying levels of efficacy have been achieved.The quality of donors and donor livers for SLT is an important factor affecting the outcome of the surgery.At this stage,it is necessary to reach a consensus on the evaluation of SLT donor and liver donor that is suitable for the conditions in China by combining the well-established experience of the international community with advanced transplantation technology.This approach will aid in enhancing the efficacy of SLT.Based on the experience of experts,a consensus on the evaluation of donors and donor livers for SLT has been formulated in this study,which focuses on evaluation of donors and donor livers,evaluating the functional and anatomical aspects of the donor liver and donorerecipient matching.
基金supported by the Higher Education Commission(HEC)of Pakistan by a financial grant(No.20-4231/NRPU/R&d/HEC/14).
文摘Background and Aims:Multiple non-invasive methods including radiological,anthropometric and biochemical markers have been reported with variable performance.The present study assessed glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)as a biomarker to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its severity,compared with body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR)and waist circumference(WC)Methods:This case control study included 450 individuals,including 150 cases and 300 age-and gender-matched controls recruited from the Dow Radiology Institute on the basis of radiological findings of fatty infiltration on abdominal ultrasound through convenient sampling.BMI,WHR and WC were measured according to standard protocols.HbA1C was determined by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay Results:Among the cases and controls,66%and 32%had HbA1C levels higher than 5.7%respectively.HbA1C and BMI were significantly associated with NAFLD[crude odds ratio(cOR)=4.12,2.88,2.25(overweight)and 4.32(obese)].WC was found to be significantly associated with NAFLD for both genders(cOR in males=5.50 and females=5.79,p<0.01).After adjustment for other parameters,HbA1C and WC were found to be significantly associated with NAFLD(aOR=3.40,p<0.001)along with WC in males(aOR=2.91,p<0.05)and in females(aOR=4.28,p<0.05).A significant rise in severity of hepatic steatosis was noted with increases in HbA1C,BMI and WC.HbA1C possessed a positive predictive value of 76%for the study population[0.76,confidence interval(CI):0.715-0.809],70.6%for males(0.706,CI:0.629-0.783)and 80%for females(0.80,CI:0.741-0.858).Conclusions:Higher than normal HbA1C and WC measurements possess a more than 70%potential to predict NAFLD.It is the single risk factor that is strongly associated with NAFLD after adjustment for indices of body measurements.HbA1C may be presented as a potential biomarker for NAFLD in examination with other anthropometric measures in the adult population.
基金the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2019QNA25)the Science and Technology Project of Songjiang District in Shanghai(No.20SJKJGG08C)。
文摘Pull-up,as an important physical fitness test event of the“National Student Physical Health Standard”,is known as a difficult physical fitness test event.To improve the assessment criteria of pull-ups,this paper uses the functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to monitor the changes and activation of oxyhemoglobin(HbO)signals in the brain motor cortex of people with different body mass indexes(BMIs)during the pullup assessment.Then the relationship between BMIs and evaluation criteria is discussed.After collecting and analyzing experimental data of 18 recruited college students,it is found that the number of pull-ups performed by people with different BMIs is different when they reach the peak state of brain activation.The results of the study indicate that different assessment criteria should be adopted for different BMI groups.It is suggested that the BMI should be introduced as one of the test indexes in the examination of pull-ups event in“National Student Physical Health Standard”.
