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Investigation of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant breaking characteristics and mechanism impacted by submerged cavitation water jet 被引量:1
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作者 Wenjun Zhou Meng Zhao +3 位作者 Bo Liu Youzhi Ma Youzhi Zhang Xuanjun Wang 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期559-572,共14页
A submerged cavitation water jet(SCWJ)is an effective method to recycle solid propellant from obsolete solid engines by the breaking method.Solid propellant's breaking modes and mechanical process under SCWJ impac... A submerged cavitation water jet(SCWJ)is an effective method to recycle solid propellant from obsolete solid engines by the breaking method.Solid propellant's breaking modes and mechanical process under SCWJ impact are unclear.This study aims to understand those impact breaking mechanisms.The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)propellant was chosen as the research material,and a self-designed test system was used to conduct impact tests at four different working pressures.The high-speed camera characterized crack propagation,and the DIC method calculated strain change during the impact process.Besides,micro and macro fracture morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)scanning.The results reveal that the compressive strain concentration region locates right below the nozzle,and the shear strain region distributes symmetrically with the jet axis,which increases to 4% at first 16th ms,the compressive strain rises to 2% and 6% in the axial and transverse direction,respectively.The two tensile cracks formed first at the compression strain concentrate region,and there generate many shear cracks around the tensile cracks,and those shear cracks that develop and aggregate cause the cracks to become wider and cut through the tensile cracks,forming the tensile-shear cracks and the impact parts eventually fail.The HTPB propellant forms a breaking hole shaped conical after impact 10 s.The mass loss increases by 17 times at maximum,with the working pressure increasing by three times.Meanwhile,the damage value of the breaking hole remaining on the surface increases by 7.8 times while 2.9 times in the depth of the breaking hole.The breaking efficiency is closely affected by working pressures.The failure modes of HTPB impacted by SCWJ are classified as tensile crack-dominated and tensile-shear crack-dominated damage mechanisms. 展开更多
关键词 Submerged cavitation water jet Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant breaking characteristics Failure modes
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Observation of Zero-Energy Modes with Possible Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking on Step Edge of CaKFe_(4)As_(4)
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作者 Lu Cao Geng Li +15 位作者 Wenyao Liu Ya-Bin Liu Hui Chen Yuqing Xing Lingyuan Kong Fazhi Yang Quanxin Hu Meng Li Xingtai Zhou Zichao Chen Chenhang Ke Lunhui Hu Guang-Han Cao Congjun Wu Hong Ding Hong-Jun Gao 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期114-127,共14页
Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs)which could be used for topological quantum computation.Topological defects such ... Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs)which could be used for topological quantum computation.Topological defects such as vortex lines are required to generate MZMs.Here,we observe the robust edge states along the surface steps of CaKFe_(4)As_(4).Remarkably,the tunneling spectra show a sharp zero-bias peak(ZBP)with multiple integerquantized states at the step edge under zero magnetic field.We propose that the increasing hole doping around step edges may drive the local superconductivity into a state with possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking.Consequently,the ZBP can be interpreted as an MZM in an effective vortex in the superconducting topological surface state by proximity to the center of a tri-junction with different superconducting order parameters.Our results provide new insights into the interplay between topology and unconventional superconductivity,and pave a new path to generate MZMs without magnetic field. 展开更多
关键词 VORTEX OBSERVATION breakING
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Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen (Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains
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作者 Jieshi Tang Xiaoyan Fan +6 位作者 Richard I.Milne Heng Yang Wenjing Tao Xinran Zhang Mengyun Guo Jialiang Li Kangshan Mao 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期321-332,共12页
Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,f... Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas. 展开更多
关键词 Chloroplast DNA MICROSATELLITE Phylogeographic break Populus rotundifolia Quaternary history Wind direction
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Generating highly active oxide-phosphide heterostructure through interfacial engineering to break the energy scaling relation toward urea-assisted natural seawater electrolysis
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作者 Ngoc Quang Tran Nam Hoang Vu +6 位作者 Jianmin Yu Khanh Vy Pham Nguyen Thuy Tien Nguyen Tran Thuy-Kieu Truong Lishan Peng Thi Anh Le Yoshiyuki Kawazoe 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期687-699,I0014,共14页
Urea-assisted natural seawater electrolysis is an emerging technology that is effective for grid-scale carbon-neutral hydrogen mass production yet challenging.Circumventing scaling relations is an effective strategy t... Urea-assisted natural seawater electrolysis is an emerging technology that is effective for grid-scale carbon-neutral hydrogen mass production yet challenging.Circumventing scaling relations is an effective strategy to break through the bottleneck of natural seawater splitting.Herein,by DFT calculation,we demonstrated that the interface boundaries between Ni_(2)P and MoO_(2) play an essential role in the selfrelaxation of the Ni-O interfacial bond,effectively modulating a coordination number of intermediates to control independently their adsorption-free energy,thus circumventing the adsorption-energy scaling relation.Following this conceptual model,a well-defined 3D F-doped Ni_(2)P-MoO_(2) heterostructure microrod array was rationally designed via an interfacial engineering strategy toward urea-assisted natural seawater electrolysis.As a result,the F-Ni_(2)P-MoO_(2) exhibits eminently active and durable bifunctional catalysts for both HER and OER in acid,alkaline,and alkaline sea water-based electrolytes.By in-situ analysis,we found that a thin amorphous layer of NiOOH,which is evolved from the Ni_(2)P during anodic reaction,is real catalytic active sites for the OER and UOR processes.Remarkable,such electrode-assembled urea-assisted natural seawater electrolyzer requires low voltages of 1.29 and 1.75 V to drive 10 and600 mA cm^(-2)and demonstrates superior durability by operating continuously for 100 h at 100 mA cm^(-2),beyond commercial Pt/C||RuO_(2) and most previous reports. 展开更多
关键词 Interfacial engineering break scaling relationships Doping Natural seawater splitting Urea electrolysis
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Team China’s Groundbreaking Success at Paris Olympics
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《China Today》 2024年第9期6-15,共10页
China’s Olympic delegation at the Paris 2024,with 404 athletes competing in 232 events across 30 sports,clinched 40 gold,27 silver,and 24 bronze medals,marking their best performance at an Olympics held abroad.The su... China’s Olympic delegation at the Paris 2024,with 404 athletes competing in 232 events across 30 sports,clinched 40 gold,27 silver,and 24 bronze medals,marking their best performance at an Olympics held abroad.The success of these athletes across various disciplines demonstrates the country’s efforts to expand its athletic prowess while also marks a new chapter for Chinese sportsmanship on the international stage. 展开更多
关键词 breakING DELEGATION silver
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Enhancing textile production:Smartex exhibits groundbreaking solutions
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《China Textile》 2024年第3期46-46,共1页
Smartex,a trailblazing leader in textile industry innovation,was proud to announce its return to ITM 2024,showcasing unparalleled advancements in quality control and production efficiency.Building on the success of pr... Smartex,a trailblazing leader in textile industry innovation,was proud to announce its return to ITM 2024,showcasing unparalleled advancements in quality control and production efficiency.Building on the success of previous exhibitions at ITM 2022 and ITMA Milan 2023,Smartex emerges stronger than ever,presenting its complete Smartex System tailored to transform textile manufacturing. 展开更多
关键词 Smart breakING RETURN
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Characteristics of the Paleozoic slope break system and its control on stratigraphic-lithologic traps:An example from the Tarim Basin,western China 被引量:3
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作者 Hao Liu Chang-Song Lin +2 位作者 Rui-Bo Guo Min Zhu Yong-Qian Cui 《Journal of Palaeogeography》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第3期284-304,共21页
Based on comprehensive analyses of seismic and tog data, this study indicates that mainty four widespread angutar to minor angutar unconformities (Tg8, Tg51, Tg5 and Tg3) were formed during the Pateozoic. Through th... Based on comprehensive analyses of seismic and tog data, this study indicates that mainty four widespread angutar to minor angutar unconformities (Tg8, Tg51, Tg5 and Tg3) were formed during the Pateozoic. Through the interpretation of structural unconformities, calcutation of eroded thickness, correction of pataeo-water depth and compaction and compiration of the Earty Paleozoic structural maps, the Earty Paleozoic stope break bert (geomorphologic unit) of the Tarim Basin is subdivided into uptift area, subaqueous uptift area, rift slope break belt, flexure stope break bert (stope bert), depression area and deep basin area. Pataeogeomorphotogy of the Cambrian-Early Ordovician was approximately in EW trend within which three tectonic units inctuding the Tabei Pataeo-uptift, the northern Depressional Belt and the southern Pataeo-uptift developed respectivety and are grouped into two stope break systems namety as the Tabei Pataeo-uptift and the southern Pataeo-uptift. These tectonic units obviousty controt the deposition of isolated platform, open platform, restricted ptatform and deep basin. Influenced by extrusion in the Mid-Late Ordovician, the southern and northern subaqueous uptifts graduat[y etevated and then were eroded. Resuttant[y two slope break systems devetoped, namely as the northern and central Pataeo-uptifts which obviousty controtled the deposition of provenance area, isolated ptatform, mixed continental shelf, slope and basin facies. The intensive extrusion of the Mid-Late Ordovician reads to significant tectonic deformation of the Tarim Basin: large area of uplifting and erosion and development of EW trending anticline and syncline. Deposition of shore, tidal fiat, delta, shallow marine clastics and deep marine facies is obviously controlled by the Tabei, the southern and the Tadong Palaeo-uplifts. Slope break systems control development of stratigraphic unconformity and thus truncation and onlap unconformity zones become favorable areas in a palaeo-uplift and at a palaeo-slope belt for forming important unconformity traps; Whereas slope (slope break) belt along a palaeo-uplift margin is a geomorphologic unit where high-energy sedimentary facies widely develops, such as reef, oolitic sandy clastics or bioclastic limestone beach bar facies, thus litho-structural composite hydrocarbon accumulations usually develop when tectonic condition is suitable. In addition, large-scale palaeo-uplifts are the most favourable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation development. 展开更多
关键词 Earty Pateozoic structural unconform-ity stope break system stratigraphic-lithologictrap Tarim Basin
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Annihilation Solitons and Chaotic Solitons for the (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton System 被引量:10
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作者 MA Song-Hua QIANG Ji-Ye FANG Jian-Ping 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第4X期662-666,共5页
By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions) to the (... By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions) to the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special annihilation solitons and chaotic solitons in this short note. 展开更多
关键词 improved mapping approach variable separation approach breaking soliton system annihilation solitons chaotic solitons
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A record-breaking high efficiency facilitated by hierarchical morphology in all polymer solar cells 被引量:2
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作者 Yingyue Zhang Wentao Zou +3 位作者 Youdi Zhang Pei Cheng Long Ye Ke Gao 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第12期460-461,I0012,共3页
Organic solar cells(OSCs) especially non-fullerene OSCs(NF-OSCs) are promising to become the next-generation of commercial applications and have received great attention from many researchers due to their typical adva... Organic solar cells(OSCs) especially non-fullerene OSCs(NF-OSCs) are promising to become the next-generation of commercial applications and have received great attention from many researchers due to their typical advantages of low cost,light weight,and flexibility [1,2]. 展开更多
关键词 breakING polymer WEIGHT
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Experimental research and energy analysis of a new type of dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking technology 被引量:2
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作者 Xiaofei Wang Shaobin Hu +2 位作者 Enyuan Wang Qiang Zhang Bing Liu 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期423-435,共13页
When the traditional drill and blast method is applied to rock crushing projects,it has strong vibration,loud noise and dust pollution,so it cannot be used in densely populated areas such as urban public works.We deve... When the traditional drill and blast method is applied to rock crushing projects,it has strong vibration,loud noise and dust pollution,so it cannot be used in densely populated areas such as urban public works.We developed a supercritical CO_(2)true triaxial pneumatic rock-breaking experimental system,and conducted laboratory and field tests of dry ice powder pneumatic rock-breaking.The characteristics of the blast-induced vibration velocity waveform and the evolution of the vibration velocity and frequency with the focal distance were analyzed and discussed.The fracturing mechanism of dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is studied.The research results show that:(1)The vibration velocity induced by dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking decays as a power function with the increase of the focal distance;(2)The vibration frequency caused by dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is mainly distributed in 1–120 Hz.Due to the dispersion effect,the dominant frequency of 10–30 Hz appears abnormally attenuated;(3)The traditional CO_(2)phase change fracturing energy calculation formula is also applicable to dry ice pneumatic rock breaking technology,and the trinitrotoluene(TNT)equivalent of fracturing energy is applicable to the Sadovsky formula;(4)Dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking is shock wave and highenergy gas acting together to fracture rock,which can be divided into three stages,among which the gas wedge action of high-energy gas plays a dominant role in rock mass damage. 展开更多
关键词 Dry ice powder pneumatic rock breaking Cracking mechanism Energy analysis Vibration frequency
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Monsoon Break over the South China Sea during Summer: Statistical Features and Associated Atmospheric Anomalies 被引量:1
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作者 Minghao BI Ke XU Riyu LU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第10期1749-1765,共17页
This study identifies break events of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)based on 42 years of data from 1979 to 2020,and investigates their statistical characteristics and associated atmospheric anomalies.A ... This study identifies break events of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)based on 42 years of data from 1979 to 2020,and investigates their statistical characteristics and associated atmospheric anomalies.A total of 214 break events are identified by examining the convection evolution during each monsoon season.It is found that most events occur between June and September and show a roughly even distribution.Short-lived events(3–7 days)are more frequent,accounting for about two thirds of total events,with the residual one third for long-lived events(8–24 days).The SCSSM break is featured by drastic variations in various atmospheric variables.Particularly,the convection and precipitation change from anomalous enhancement in adjoining periods to a substantial suppression during the break,with the differences being more than 60 W m−2 for outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)and 10 mm d−1 for precipitation.This convection/precipitation suppression is accompanied by an anomalous anticyclone in the lower troposphere,corresponding to a remarkable westward retreat of the monsoon trough from the Philippine Sea to the Indochina Peninsula,which reduces the transportation of water vapor into the SCS.Besides,the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature()declines sharply,mainly attributable to the local specific humidity reduction caused by downward dry advection.Furthermore,it is found that the suppressed convection and anomalous anticyclone responsible for the monsoon break form near the equatorial western Pacific and then propagate northwestward to the SCS. 展开更多
关键词 South China Sea summer monsoon monsoon break atmospheric circulation CONVECTION
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Comparative Study of the Rock-breaking Mechanism of a Disc Cutter and Wedge Tooth Cutter by Discrete Element Modelling 被引量:1
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作者 Hua Jiang Huiyan Zhao +2 位作者 Xiaoyan Zhang Yusheng Jiang Yaofu Zheng 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期269-285,共17页
The operation of a shield tunnel boring machine(TBM)in a high-strength hard rock stratum results in significant cutter damage,adversely affecting the thrust and torque of the cutter head.Therefore,it is very important... The operation of a shield tunnel boring machine(TBM)in a high-strength hard rock stratum results in significant cutter damage,adversely affecting the thrust and torque of the cutter head.Therefore,it is very important to carry out the research on the stress characteristics and optimize the cutter parameters of cutters break high-strength hard rock.In this paper,the rock-breaking performance of cutters in an andesite stratum in the tunnel of Qingdao Metro Line No.8 was investigated using the discrete element method and theoretical analysis.The rock-breaking processes of a disc cutter and wedge tooth cutter were simulated by software particle flow code PFC^(3D),and the rock-breaking degree,stress of the cutter,and rock-breaking specific energy were analyzed.The rock damage caused by the cutter in a specific section was divided into three stages:the advanced influence,crushing,and stabilizing stages.The rock-breaking degree and the tangential and normal forces of the wedge tooth cutter are larger than that of the disc cutter under the same conditions.The disc cutter(wedge tooth cutter)has the highest rock-breaking efficiency at a cutter spacing of 100 mm(110 mm)and a penetration depth of 8 mm(10 mm),and the rock-breaking specific energy is 11.48 MJ/m^(3)(12.05 MJ/m^(3)).Therefore,two types of cutters with different penetration depths or cutter spacing should be considered.The number of teeth of wedge tooth cutters can be increased in hard strata to improve the rock-breaking efficiency of the shield.The research results provide a reference for shield cutterhead selection and cutter layout in similar projects. 展开更多
关键词 Qingdao andesite Rock breaking with cutter Wedge tooth cutter Specific energy PFC^(3D)
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The breaking point between fast-and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system
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作者 李路明 胡振燕 +1 位作者 罗斌 郭弘 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第6期325-329,共5页
This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the... This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the strength of the pumping field. An equivalent incoherent pumping rate is introduced in this simplified theoretical model which exploits the dependence of this feature. The experimental observation is presented as evidence of the breaking point where the injected power is about 0.08 mW. 展开更多
关键词 degenerate two-level atomic system breaking point group velocity
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Effects of Break-through State and System Rigidity on Vibration and Noise in Blanking
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作者 郭斌 李春锋 +1 位作者 刘钢 郭涛 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 1997年第2期112-117,共6页
This paper studies the effects of break through state and system rigidity on vibration and noise in blanking, suggests the describtion of the generation state of breakthrough by the unloading gradient obtained from t... This paper studies the effects of break through state and system rigidity on vibration and noise in blanking, suggests the describtion of the generation state of breakthrough by the unloading gradient obtained from the force stroke curve, discusses the effect of the relation between the unloading gradient and the vibration system rigidity on vibration, and gives the optimal relationship between these two factors to efficiently reduce the vibration, and this conclusion is verified by noise experiments done by using two presses of unequal rigidity to carry out the same blanking. 展开更多
关键词 BLANKING VIBRATION noise break THROUGH RIGIDITY
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Study on the Predicting System of Breaking Chip When PCD Tool Cutting Aluminum Alloy
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作者 LI Zhen-jia 1, YAN Fu-gang 1, LIU Er-liang 1, RONG Yi-min (1. Mechanical & Power Engineering College, Harbin Univ. Sci. Tech., Harbin 150080, China 2. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, USA) 《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第S1期78-,共1页
In the field of automobile manufacture, during the aluminum alloy cutting, chip forming and breaking process are very complicated. It is affected by many facto rs. Automatic machining process can not be carried throug... In the field of automobile manufacture, during the aluminum alloy cutting, chip forming and breaking process are very complicated. It is affected by many facto rs. Automatic machining process can not be carried through if the chip enlaces t he workpiece or the tool. So the chip control and breaking are key technology. P CD tool has many traits, such as high cutting efficiency, machining precision an d wearability. It is desired that it be used for machining coloured metals.The p aper present the study of prediction of chip breaking when PCD Tool cutting alum inum alloy with chip breaker. In the process of cutting, the method of chip brea king is up-curl-dominant chip. Therefore, based on the theory of chip breaking with chip breaker, used the cutting condition of chip breaking, this paper dedu ce the chip breaking mathematical model when cutting aluminum alloy, that is to say, the chip breaker parameters(Angle of chip break,chip groove width, bevel a ngle, the normal rake angle of chip groove, tool cutting edge angle)influence th e critical feed rate. The following conclusion can be made from theoretic analys is. The critical feed rate will decrease when the Angle of chip break and bevel angle and the normal rake angle of chip groove and tool cutting edge angle incre ase. The critical feed rate will increase when chip groove width increase. The e xperimental results are well coincided with the theoretic ones, it is proved tha t the predicting system is correct. 展开更多
关键词 up-curl chip chip breaking limits critical f eed rate chip breaker
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Non-Traveling Wave Solutions for the (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton System
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作者 Yuanming Chen Chen Songhua Ma 《Applied Mathematics》 2012年第8期813-818,共6页
In this work, starting from the (G'/G)-expansion method and a variable separation method, a new non-traveling wave general solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. By selecting appro... In this work, starting from the (G'/G)-expansion method and a variable separation method, a new non-traveling wave general solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. By selecting appropriately the arbitrary functions in the solutions, special soliton-structure excitations and evolutions are studied. 展开更多
关键词 (G'/G)-Expansion Method Variable Separation Approach breakING SOLITON system Non-Traveling Wave Solution
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A Tabu Search Algorithm for Fast Restoration of Large Area Breakdown in Distribution Systems
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作者 Jian LIU Hongli CHENG +1 位作者 Xiaojun SHI Jingqiu XU 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2010年第1期1-5,共5页
To restore the distribution systems in emergency states with the minimum load shedding, a novel Tabu search approach is put forward. The set of tripped switches is used as candidate solution. Some virtual tripped node... To restore the distribution systems in emergency states with the minimum load shedding, a novel Tabu search approach is put forward. The set of tripped switches is used as candidate solution. Some virtual tripped nodes are defined at the ends of the terminal nodes and by the source nodes. The neighborhood searching is committed by moving a tripped switch to the adjacent node of its upper stream and down stream, respectively. A Tabu list is formed for the tripped switches. The index is to energize as much as possible loads with as less as possible operated times. The electrical limitations and the voltage criterions are used as constrictions. The global aspiration criterion is adopted. An example is given, which shows that the proposed approach is feasible and can deal with complicated indexes. 展开更多
关键词 distribution systems RESTORATION large area break DOWN load SHEDDING Tabu SEARCH
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Spontaneous U(1) Symmetry Breaking in Coupled Bose System
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作者 王影 徐金荣 +1 位作者 陈理 刘果红 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第6期997-1000,共4页
Adding a U(1) symmetry breaking term √V(λ1a0 + λ1*a0) + √V(λ2b0 + λ2*b0) to Bogoliubov's truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation r... Adding a U(1) symmetry breaking term √V(λ1a0 + λ1*a0) + √V(λ2b0 + λ2*b0) to Bogoliubov's truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we And that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU(1,1) SU(1,1) coherent states. The Bose-Einstein condensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking. 展开更多
关键词 BEC U(1) symmetry breaking generalized SU(1 1) SU(1 1) coherent state Feshbach resonance
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Rock breaking performance of the newly proposed unsubmerged cavitating abrasive waterjet
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作者 Chenxing Fan Haitao Zhang +2 位作者 Yong Kang Hanqing Shi Deng Li 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第7期843-853,共11页
To improve the rock breaking ability, cavitating waterjet and abrasive waterjet are combined by using a coaxial low-speed waterjet generated around the periphery of a high-speed abrasive waterjet, and a new type of wa... To improve the rock breaking ability, cavitating waterjet and abrasive waterjet are combined by using a coaxial low-speed waterjet generated around the periphery of a high-speed abrasive waterjet, and a new type of waterjet called unsubmerged cavitating abrasive waterjet(UCAWJ) is thus produced. The rock breaking performance of UCAWJ was compared with submerged cavitating abrasive waterjet(SCAWJ)and unsubmerged abrasive waterjet(UAWJ) by impinging sandstone specimens. Moreover, the effects of jet pressure, standoff distance, abrasive flow rate and concentration were studied by evaluating the specific energy consumption, and the area, depth, and mass loss of the eroded specimen. The results show that the artificially generated submerged environment in UCAWJ is able to enhance the rock breaking performance under the same operating parameters. Furthermore, the rock breaking performance of UCAWJ is much better at higher jet pressures and smaller standoff distances when compared with UAWJ. The greatest rock breaking ability of UCAWJ appears at jet pressure of 50 MPa and standoff distance of 32 mm, with the mass loss of sandstone increased by 370.6% and the energy dissipation decreased by 75.8%. In addition, under the experimental conditions the optimal abrasive flow rate and concentration are 76.5 m L/min and 3%, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 Rock breaking Abrasive waterjet Unsubmerged cavitation EROSION Specific energy consumption
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Comprehensive evaluation of chemical breakers for multistage network ultra-high strength gel
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作者 Zheng Kang Hu Jia +4 位作者 Zhong-Guo Li Biao Xia Yi Wang Yong Jiang Han-Lin Peng 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第5期2864-2878,共15页
Polymer gels have been accepted as a useful tool to address many sealing operations such as drilling and completion,well stimulation,wellbore integrity,water and gas shutoff,etc.Previously,we developed an ultra-high s... Polymer gels have been accepted as a useful tool to address many sealing operations such as drilling and completion,well stimulation,wellbore integrity,water and gas shutoff,etc.Previously,we developed an ultra-high strength gel(USGel)for medium to ultra-low temperature reservoirs.However,the removal of USGel is a difficult problem for most temporary plugging operations.This paper first provides new insights into the mechanism of USGel,where multistage network structure and physical entanglement are the main reasons for USGel possessing ultra-high strength.Then the effects of acid breakers,encapsulated breakers,and oxidation breakers(including H_(2)O_(2),Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8),Ca(ClO)_(2),H_(2)O_(2)+NaOH,Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)+NaOH,and Ca(ClO)_(2)+NaOH)were evaluated.The effects of component concentration and temperature on the breaking solution were studied,and the corrosion performance,physical simulation and formation damage tests of the breaking solution were carried out.The final formulation of 2%-4%NaOH+4.5%-6%H_(2)O_(2) breaking solution was determined,which can make USGel completely turn into water at 35e105C.The combinations of“acid t breaking solution”,“acid+encapsulated breaker”and“encapsulated breaker+breaking solution”were evaluated for breaking effect.The acid gradually reduced the volume of USGel,which increased the contact area between breaking solution and USGel,and the effect of“4%acid+breaking solution”was 23 times higher than that of breaking solution alone at 35C.However,the acid significantly reduced the strength of USGel.This paper provides new insights into the breaking of high-strength gels with complex network structures. 展开更多
关键词 Gel breaking Polymer gel Ultra-high strength Chemical breakers Multistage network
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