Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatosis characterized by erythematous skin plaques and associated arthritis. Microvessels of the papillary dermis in psoriatic lesions are elongated, tortuous, and dilated, which c...Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatosis characterized by erythematous skin plaques and associated arthritis. Microvessels of the papillary dermis in psoriatic lesions are elongated, tortuous, and dilated, which contributes significantly to the proinflammatory response. Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and 2 and their receptor, Tie2, are a family of growth factors recognized in inflammatory lesions to be critical for new blood vessel growth and maintenance, with recent studies suggesting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -induced angiogenesis is in partmediated by the Tie2 receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-TNF-α therapy on angiogenic growth factor expression and on the cellular infiltrate in psoriatic lesional skin. Methods: Sixteen patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and associated psoriatic arthritis (n = 13) received infliximab infusions (3- 5 mg/kg) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks. Clinical assessments and skin biopsies were undertaken at baseline, and at 2 and 12 weeks. Ang 1,Ang 2, Tie2, and TNF-α messenger RNA expression were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang 2, Tie2, TNF-α , and the inflammatory infiltrate was determined using immunohistology. We conducted clinical assessments including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, percentage body surface area, Arthritis Disease Activity Score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire. Results: At baseline expression of Ang 1/2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Tie2, and TNF-α messenger RNA and protein were greater in preinvolved skin compared with uninvolved skin (P < .05). Infliximab produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Tie2 (P < .001) along with a decrease in messenger RNA expression of Ang 1 (P < .045) and Tie2 (P < .021). This was paralleled by a significant reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate scores (P < .001) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) expression (P = .001), suggesting deactivation of endothelial cell. There was a 93% mean reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (P = .001), and a significant reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 (P = .012) and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire scores by week 12. Limitations: This study involves a small number of patients. Conclusion: These results suggest infliximab is both effective and well tolerated in severe psoriasis, resulting in deactivation of endothelium and down-regulation of growth factor and cytokine expression, leading to a decrease in the cellular infiltrate and clinical improvement in psoriasis. Furthermore, the effect of infliximab on growth factor expression, in particular Tie2, supports previous in vitro work suggesting TNF-α may be a major regulator of the Ang/Tie2 pathway.展开更多
Since 1975, Germany has been China’s largest trading partner in Europe. China is currently Germany’s largest trading partner in Asia, with a trade volume totaling $78 billion in 2006, up 23.6 percent from a year bef...Since 1975, Germany has been China’s largest trading partner in Europe. China is currently Germany’s largest trading partner in Asia, with a trade volume totaling $78 billion in 2006, up 23.6 percent from a year before. Germany has also been the biggest European investor in China, with an accumulated investment of about 10 billion euros ($7.4 billion). German FDI going to China totaled $1.98 billion last year, a year-on-year increase of 29.3 percent. In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review, Jutta Ludwig, Executive Director of the German Chamber of Commerce in China and Chief Representative of the Delegation of German Industry & Commerce Beijing, discusses the secrets of this cozy business relationship, talking about the chamber’s role in promoting bilateral economic ties, German investments in China, as well as intellectual property rights (IPR) issues involved in Sino- German technology cooperation.展开更多
We report the results of a time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126. In about a one square degree field covering the cluster, a total of 21 variable candidates are det...We report the results of a time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126. In about a one square degree field covering the cluster, a total of 21 variable candidates are detected during this survey, of which 16 are newly found. The periods, classifications and spectral types of 14 newly discovered variables are discussed, which consist of six eclipsing binary systems, three pulsating variable stars, three long period variables, one RS CVn star, and one W UMa or δ Scuff star. In addition, there are two variable candidates, the properties of which cannot be determined. By a method based on fitting observed spectral energy distributions of stars with theoretical ones, the membership probabilities and the fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined. As a result, five variables are probably members of NGC 2126. The fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined as： metallicity to be 0.008 Z, age log（t） = 8.95, distance modulus （m - M）0 = 10.34 and reddening value E（B - V） = 0.55 mag.展开更多
SBU是“战略业务单元”（Strategic Business Unit）的缩写，通常被定义为企业内部相对独立的业务单元或相关业务单元的集合。最早提出这个概念的是20世纪20年代美国GM公司的总裁阿尔弗雷德·P·斯隆。20世纪70-80年代，欧美跨...SBU是“战略业务单元”（Strategic Business Unit）的缩写，通常被定义为企业内部相对独立的业务单元或相关业务单元的集合。最早提出这个概念的是20世纪20年代美国GM公司的总裁阿尔弗雷德·P·斯隆。20世纪70-80年代，欧美跨国企业开始试验SBU管理，取得了明显成效。SBU还是一个不断发展的概念，菲利普·科特勒认为，一个完善的SBU应具备三个方面的特征：（1）相对独立于其他业务部门，也不同于一般职能部门；（2）它在市场上有自己的竞争对手；（3）它有一个负责任的经理掌管其战略和利润决策。依据这三个特征，海尔集团将SBU分解到每一个员工，建立了相应的业绩评价工具——SBU损益制，并取得了明显的市场效果与竞争优势。展开更多
文摘Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatosis characterized by erythematous skin plaques and associated arthritis. Microvessels of the papillary dermis in psoriatic lesions are elongated, tortuous, and dilated, which contributes significantly to the proinflammatory response. Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and 2 and their receptor, Tie2, are a family of growth factors recognized in inflammatory lesions to be critical for new blood vessel growth and maintenance, with recent studies suggesting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -induced angiogenesis is in partmediated by the Tie2 receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-TNF-α therapy on angiogenic growth factor expression and on the cellular infiltrate in psoriatic lesional skin. Methods: Sixteen patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and associated psoriatic arthritis (n = 13) received infliximab infusions (3- 5 mg/kg) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks. Clinical assessments and skin biopsies were undertaken at baseline, and at 2 and 12 weeks. Ang 1,Ang 2, Tie2, and TNF-α messenger RNA expression were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang 2, Tie2, TNF-α , and the inflammatory infiltrate was determined using immunohistology. We conducted clinical assessments including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, percentage body surface area, Arthritis Disease Activity Score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire. Results: At baseline expression of Ang 1/2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Tie2, and TNF-α messenger RNA and protein were greater in preinvolved skin compared with uninvolved skin (P < .05). Infliximab produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Tie2 (P < .001) along with a decrease in messenger RNA expression of Ang 1 (P < .045) and Tie2 (P < .021). This was paralleled by a significant reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate scores (P < .001) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) expression (P = .001), suggesting deactivation of endothelial cell. There was a 93% mean reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (P = .001), and a significant reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 (P = .012) and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire scores by week 12. Limitations: This study involves a small number of patients. Conclusion: These results suggest infliximab is both effective and well tolerated in severe psoriasis, resulting in deactivation of endothelium and down-regulation of growth factor and cytokine expression, leading to a decrease in the cellular infiltrate and clinical improvement in psoriasis. Furthermore, the effect of infliximab on growth factor expression, in particular Tie2, supports previous in vitro work suggesting TNF-α may be a major regulator of the Ang/Tie2 pathway.
文摘Since 1975, Germany has been China’s largest trading partner in Europe. China is currently Germany’s largest trading partner in Asia, with a trade volume totaling $78 billion in 2006, up 23.6 percent from a year before. Germany has also been the biggest European investor in China, with an accumulated investment of about 10 billion euros ($7.4 billion). German FDI going to China totaled $1.98 billion last year, a year-on-year increase of 29.3 percent. In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review, Jutta Ludwig, Executive Director of the German Chamber of Commerce in China and Chief Representative of the Delegation of German Industry & Commerce Beijing, discusses the secrets of this cozy business relationship, talking about the chamber’s role in promoting bilateral economic ties, German investments in China, as well as intellectual property rights (IPR) issues involved in Sino- German technology cooperation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant Nos. 10873016, 10803007, 10473012, 10573020, 10633020, 10673012, 10603006, 10773015 and 10778720the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) No. 2007CB815403the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We report the results of a time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126. In about a one square degree field covering the cluster, a total of 21 variable candidates are detected during this survey, of which 16 are newly found. The periods, classifications and spectral types of 14 newly discovered variables are discussed, which consist of six eclipsing binary systems, three pulsating variable stars, three long period variables, one RS CVn star, and one W UMa or δ Scuff star. In addition, there are two variable candidates, the properties of which cannot be determined. By a method based on fitting observed spectral energy distributions of stars with theoretical ones, the membership probabilities and the fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined. As a result, five variables are probably members of NGC 2126. The fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined as： metallicity to be 0.008 Z, age log（t） = 8.95, distance modulus （m - M）0 = 10.34 and reddening value E（B - V） = 0.55 mag.
文摘SBU是“战略业务单元”（Strategic Business Unit）的缩写，通常被定义为企业内部相对独立的业务单元或相关业务单元的集合。最早提出这个概念的是20世纪20年代美国GM公司的总裁阿尔弗雷德·P·斯隆。20世纪70-80年代，欧美跨国企业开始试验SBU管理，取得了明显成效。SBU还是一个不断发展的概念，菲利普·科特勒认为，一个完善的SBU应具备三个方面的特征：（1）相对独立于其他业务部门，也不同于一般职能部门；（2）它在市场上有自己的竞争对手；（3）它有一个负责任的经理掌管其战略和利润决策。依据这三个特征，海尔集团将SBU分解到每一个员工，建立了相应的业绩评价工具——SBU损益制，并取得了明显的市场效果与竞争优势。
