Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide ...Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.展开更多
Background Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development.Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum),a kind of emerging probiotics,...Background Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development.Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum),a kind of emerging probiotics,has been reported to effectively attenuate lipid metabolism dysfunctions.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C.butyricum supplementation on hepatic lipid disorders in IUGR suckling piglets.Methods Sixteen IUGR and eight normal birth weight(NBW)neonatal male piglets were used in this study.From d 3to d 24,in addition to drinking milk,the eight NBW piglets(NBW-CON group,n=8)and eight IUGR piglets(IUGR-CON group,n=8)were given 10 mL sterile saline once a day,while the remaining IUGR piglets(IUGR-CB group,n=8)were orally administered C.butyricum at a dose of 2×108colony-forming units(CFU)/kg body weight(suspended in 10 mL sterile saline)at the same frequency.Results The IUGR-CON piglets exhibited restricted growth,impaired hepatic morphology,disordered lipid metabolism,increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and altered ileum and liver bile acid(BA)profiles.However,C.butyricum supplementation reshaped the gut microbiota of the IUGR-CB piglets,characterized by a decreased abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the ileum,including Streptococcus and Enterococcus.The decrease in these bile salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing microbes increased the content of conjugated BAs,which could be transported to the liver and function as signaling molecules to activate liver X receptorα(LXRα)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR).This activation effectively accelerated the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and down-regulated the total cholesterol level by decreasing the synthesis and promoting the efflux of cholesterol.As a result,the growth performance and morphological structure of the liver improved in the IUGR piglets.Conclusion These results indicate that C.butyricum supplementation in IUGR suckling piglets could decrease the abundance of BSH-producing microbes(Streptococcus and Enterococcus).This decrease altered the ileum and liver BA profiles and consequently activated the expression of hepatic LXRαand FXR.The activation of these two signaling molecules could effectively normalize the lipid metabolism and improve the growth performance of IUGR suckling piglets.展开更多
Background: Weanling pigs, with immature immune system and physiological function, usually experience postweaning diarrhea. This study determined the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth ...Background: Weanling pigs, with immature immune system and physiological function, usually experience postweaning diarrhea. This study determined the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea, and immunity of weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods: In Experiment(Exp.) 1,144 weaned piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to six groups,with six replicates per group and four pigs per replicate, receiving a control diet(CON) or diet supplemented with antibiotics(AB) or C. butyricum(CB)(0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8%), respectively. All diets in Exp. 1 were a highly digestible basal diet, with 3,000 mg/kg zinc oxide supplied in the first 2 wk only. In Exp. 2, 180 piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicates per group and six pigs per replicate, receiving CON, AB, or CB(0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6%) diets. The digestibility of diets was lower than those in Exp. 1, and did not include zinc oxide. At 36 d of Exp. 2, 12 piglets were selected from each of the CON and 0.4% CB groups, six piglets were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(50 μg/kg body weight) and the other six piglets with normal saline;animals were killed at 4 h after injection to collect blood, intestine, and digesta samples for biochemical analysis.Results: In Exp. 1, CB and AB diets had no effect on growth performance of piglets. In Exp. 2, 0.4% CB decreased feed-gain ratio(P < 0.1), diarrhea score(P < 0.05), and increased duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height and jejunal villus height/crypt depth(P < 0.05). The 0.4% CB decreased the plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α(P < 0.05) but increased ileal mucosa IL-10 and TLR2 mRNA expression(P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.4% CB altered the microbial profile, with Bacillus and Ruminococcaceae UGG-003 at genus level and Lactobacillus casei and Parasutterella secunda at species level were higher than CON in colonic content(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary C. butyricum supplementation had positive effects on growth of weaned piglets with less digestible diets. There was a tendency to reduce the feed-gain ratio, which could reduce feed costs in pig production. Moreover, C. butyricum decreased post-weaning diarrhea by improving the intestinal morphology,intestinal microflora profile, and immune function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) in reducing intestinal low-grade inflammation via immune pathways has been well defined. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal mucosal immunity, especially on immune cells of the lamina propria, remain unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are important immune cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and others) and express T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), promoting proliferation and activation of DCs, and mediating Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. AIM To investigate the role of DCs in the development of IBS in a rat model and to understand the regulation of DCs after C. butyricum intervention. METHODS An IBS animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice, and C. butyricum was continuously administered via the intragastric route to simulate different intestinal immune states. Intestinal visceral hypersensitivity and histopathology were assessed using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and TIM3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the quantity, function, and membrane molecule TIM3 of the lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs). The regulatory effect of C. butyricum was verified in bone marrowderived dendritic cells by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in mice with IBS was significantly increased compared with that of the control group, which suggested that the intestinal mucosa in mice with IBS was in a low-grade inflammatory state. The expression of CD11C+CD80+ and CD11c+TIM3+ in intestinal LPDCs in mice with IBS increased significantly. Meanwhile, the cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) were significantly reduced after the intervention with probiotic C. butyricum. The amount and function of LPDCs and the TIM3 on the surface of the LPDCs were decreased with the alleviation of the intestinal inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The results suggest that C. butyricum regulates the amount and functional status of LPDCs in the intestinal mucosa of mice with IBS, and therefore modulates the local immune response in the intestine.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum(C. butyricum) on experimental gastric ulcers(GUs) induced by alcohol, restraint cold stress, or pyloric ligation in mice, respectively.METHODS: One hundred and ...AIM: To investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum(C. butyricum) on experimental gastric ulcers(GUs) induced by alcohol, restraint cold stress, or pyloric ligation in mice, respectively.METHODS: One hundred and twenty mice were randomly allocated into three types of gastric ulcer models(n = 40 each), induced by alcohol, restraint cold stress, or pyloric ligation. In each GU model, 40 mice were allocated into four groups(n = 10 each): the sham control group; model group(GU induction without pretreatment); C. butyricum group(GU induction with C. butyricum pretreatment); and Omeprazole group(GU induction with Omeprazole pretreatment). Theeffects of C. butyricum were evaluated by examining the histological changes in the gastric mucosal erosion area, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT), the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), and the contents of interleukin(IL)-1b, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, leukotriene B4(LTB4) and 6-keto-PGF-1α(degradation product of PGI2) in the gastric tissue.RESULTS: Our data showed that C. butyricum significantly reduced the gastric mucosal injury area and ameliorated the pathological conditions of the gastric mucosa. C. butyricum not only minimized the decreases in activity of SOD and CAT, but also reduced the level of MDA in all three GU models used in this study. The accumulation of IL1-b, TNF-α and LBT4 decreased, while 6-keto-PGF-1α increased with pretreatment by C. butyricum in all three GU models.CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated the protective effects of pretreatment with C. butyricum on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in different types of GU models in mice. Further studies are needed to explore its potential clinical benefits.展开更多
Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms...Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.展开更多
Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of Ribavirin combined with Clostridium butyricum powder on child patients with rotavirus enteritis and analyze serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-αconcentration and change of T lymphocyte s...Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of Ribavirin combined with Clostridium butyricum powder on child patients with rotavirus enteritis and analyze serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-αconcentration and change of T lymphocyte subsets. Methods: A total of 90 patients with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45). The control group was given conventional therapy combined with Ribavirin. The observation group was treated with Clostridium butyricum powder on the basis of control group. The changes of T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors were measured before and after treatment in all subjects. Results: There was no significant difference in serum T lymphocyte subsets between the control group and the observation group before treatment. After treatment, the levels of serum CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were higher than those before treatment, while CD8+ level was lower than that before treatment. The levels of serum CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment, while the CD8+ level was lower than that in control group in the corresponding period. There was no significant difference in the concentration of inflammatory factors between the control group and the observation group before treatment. After treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the two groups were lower than those before treatment. The observation group was significantly lower than control group in corresponding period after treatment and difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: On the basis of conventional therapy and Ribavirin treatment, combined with Clostridium butyricum Powder for children with rotavirus enteritis can reduce concentration of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and decrease expression of CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets level and improve the level of CD3+, CD4+ level. It is a potent effective drug for treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of probiotic bacterium,Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain (CBM) on the changes of the fecal flora in Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)treatment.METHODS: Thirty-five patients with gastr...AIM: To investigate the effect of probiotic bacterium,Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain (CBM) on the changes of the fecal flora in Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)treatment.METHODS: Thirty-five patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers positive for Hpylori were randomized either to 1 wk amoxicillin, clarithromycin, lansoprazole (Group 1) or to the same regimen supplemented with CBM 7 dahead of the triple therapy (Group 2). Stool samples were collected before and 2, 4, 7, 15, and 22 d after the starting eradication therapy, and were examined intestinal flora. Patients were required to keep a diary record of their condition. RESULTS: Obligate anaerobes decreased significantly on d 2, 4, 8 and 15 in Group 1. On the other hand, they did not decrease significantly in Group 2. The Escherichiacoli was dominant bacterium in Enterobacteriaceae, butthat was replaced by other species such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter after eradication in Group 1. The change was suppressed in Group 2. Abdominal symptoms were less frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1.CONCLUSION: The combined use of CBM reduced the changes in the intestinal flora and decreased the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a probiotic supplement(Clostridium butyricum,CGMCC0313)in a chemically-induced rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS:An experimental ulcerative colitis model was establi...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a probiotic supplement(Clostridium butyricum,CGMCC0313)in a chemically-induced rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS:An experimental ulcerative colitis model was established by rectal injection of oxazolone into the colon of 40 Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups.The positive control group was sacrificed 3 d after colitis onset.The remaining groups were fed daily with either 2 mL of C.butyricum(2.3×1011 CFU/L), 2 mL of mesalamine(100 g/L),or 1 mL of sodium butyrate(50 mmol/L)for 21 d.The animals’body weight, behavior,and bowel movements were recorded weekly. After sacrifice,visual and microscopic observations of pathological changes of colon tissue were made,body weight and wet colon mass index were measured and recorded,and serum levels of interleukin-23(IL-23) and TNF-αwere measured using ELISA.Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in colon tissue was measured by RT-PCR.Finally,changes in rat intestinal microflora status were measured in all groups. RESULTS:We found that treatment with C.butyricum lowered the serum levels of both IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)with similar or even better efficiency than that of mesalamine or sodium butyrate. The rat intestinal flora appeared to recover more quickly in the group treated with C.butyricum than in the mesalamine and sodium butyrate groups.Finally,we found that the expression level of calcitonin gene related peptide was elevated in colon tissue in the sodium butyrate treated group but not in the C.butyricum or mesalamine treated groups,indicating a sensitization of colon following sodium butyrate treatment.CONCLUSION:In our experimental colitis model, treatment with C.butyricum CGMCC0313,a probiotic supplement,is at least as efficient as treatment with mesalamine.展开更多
Background:Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli) results in economic losses in the poultry industry.Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis,however,E.coli has varying degrees...Background:Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli) results in economic losses in the poultry industry.Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis,however,E.coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics.Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated the effects of Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum) on growth performance,immune response,intestinal barrier function,and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli(E.coif) K88.Methods:The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days.Negative control treatment(NC) consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E.coli K88 challenge and positive control treatment(PC) consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E.coli K88.C.butyricum probiotic treatment(CB) consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2×10~7 cfu C butyricum/kg of diet and challenged with E.coli K88.Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment(CS)consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E.coli K88.Results:The body weight(BW) and average day gain(ADG) in the broilers of CB group were higher(P< 0.05) than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge.The birds in CB treatment had higher(P < 0.05) concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) at 3 and 7 d post-challenge,and higher(P < 0.05)concentration of interleukin-4(IL-4) at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group.The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower(P<0.05) at 21 d post-challenge,and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower(P < 0.05) at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds.Birds in CB treatment group had higher(P< 0.05) jejunum villi height than those in PC,NC,or CS treatment at 7,14,and 21 d post-challenge.In comparison to PC birds,the CB birds had lower(P < 0.05) jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment.The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher(P < 0.05) activities of amylase and protease at 3,7,and 14 d post-challenge,and higher(P< 0.05) activity of lipase at 3,7 d post-challenge than PC birds.Conclusions:In all,these results indicate that dietary supplementation with C.butyricum promotes immune response,improves intestinal barrier function,and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens challenged with E.coli K88.There is no significant difference between the C.butyricum probiotic treatment and the colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment.Therefore,the C.butyricum probiotic may be an alternative to antibiotic for broiler chickens.展开更多
A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body com...A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body composition of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Shrimp s were randomly allocated into 9 tanks, 30 each, and f ed with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum(1×10~9 cfug^(-1)): 0 mgg^(-1) feed(Control), 100 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-100), 200 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-200), while each level was triplicated. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the intestine pepsin(Pep) activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) concentration of two C. butyricum group s were both increased. Amylase(AM Y) and lipase(LPS) activities wer e only induced in CB-200 group. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(A ST) activities of two C. butyricum group s showed no significant change. The α-amylase(AM Y) gene expression was induced in CB-200 group, and tryp sin gene expression of two C. butyricum treated group s were both induced. Intestine SCFA content and body composition analysis showed that the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and the crude protein of two C. butyricum group s were all higher than those of control. These results revealed that C. butyricum can modulate intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, improve intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content in M. japonicus.展开更多
The production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB at various pH values was investigated. In order to study the effect of pH on cell growth, butyric acid biosynthesis and reducing sugar consumption, differe...The production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB at various pH values was investigated. In order to study the effect of pH on cell growth, butyric acid biosynthesis and reducing sugar consumption, different cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 were evaluated in 5-L bioreactor. In controlled pH batch fermentation, the optimum pH for cell growth and butyric acid production was 6.5 with a cell yield of 3.65 g/L and butyric acid yield of 12.25 g/L. Based on these results, this study then compared batch and fed-batch fermentation of butyric acid production at pH 6.5. Maximum value (16.74 g/L) of butyric acid concentration was obtained in fed-batch fermentation compared to 12.25 g/L in batch fermentation. It was concluded that culti- vation under fed-batch fermentation mode could enhance butyric acid production significantly (P<0.01) by C. butyricum ZJUCB.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1301105)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-36)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2021C018)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z21100)the Open Project Program of International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement(IJRLD-KF202204).
文摘Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31802101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.KJQN201935)。
文摘Background Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development.Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum),a kind of emerging probiotics,has been reported to effectively attenuate lipid metabolism dysfunctions.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C.butyricum supplementation on hepatic lipid disorders in IUGR suckling piglets.Methods Sixteen IUGR and eight normal birth weight(NBW)neonatal male piglets were used in this study.From d 3to d 24,in addition to drinking milk,the eight NBW piglets(NBW-CON group,n=8)and eight IUGR piglets(IUGR-CON group,n=8)were given 10 mL sterile saline once a day,while the remaining IUGR piglets(IUGR-CB group,n=8)were orally administered C.butyricum at a dose of 2×108colony-forming units(CFU)/kg body weight(suspended in 10 mL sterile saline)at the same frequency.Results The IUGR-CON piglets exhibited restricted growth,impaired hepatic morphology,disordered lipid metabolism,increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and altered ileum and liver bile acid(BA)profiles.However,C.butyricum supplementation reshaped the gut microbiota of the IUGR-CB piglets,characterized by a decreased abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the ileum,including Streptococcus and Enterococcus.The decrease in these bile salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing microbes increased the content of conjugated BAs,which could be transported to the liver and function as signaling molecules to activate liver X receptorα(LXRα)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR).This activation effectively accelerated the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and down-regulated the total cholesterol level by decreasing the synthesis and promoting the efflux of cholesterol.As a result,the growth performance and morphological structure of the liver improved in the IUGR piglets.Conclusion These results indicate that C.butyricum supplementation in IUGR suckling piglets could decrease the abundance of BSH-producing microbes(Streptococcus and Enterococcus).This decrease altered the ileum and liver BA profiles and consequently activated the expression of hepatic LXRαand FXR.The activation of these two signaling molecules could effectively normalize the lipid metabolism and improve the growth performance of IUGR suckling piglets.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars,Sichuan Province "135" Breeding Tackle Project(Project No.2016NYZ0052)
文摘Background: Weanling pigs, with immature immune system and physiological function, usually experience postweaning diarrhea. This study determined the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea, and immunity of weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods: In Experiment(Exp.) 1,144 weaned piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to six groups,with six replicates per group and four pigs per replicate, receiving a control diet(CON) or diet supplemented with antibiotics(AB) or C. butyricum(CB)(0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8%), respectively. All diets in Exp. 1 were a highly digestible basal diet, with 3,000 mg/kg zinc oxide supplied in the first 2 wk only. In Exp. 2, 180 piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicates per group and six pigs per replicate, receiving CON, AB, or CB(0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6%) diets. The digestibility of diets was lower than those in Exp. 1, and did not include zinc oxide. At 36 d of Exp. 2, 12 piglets were selected from each of the CON and 0.4% CB groups, six piglets were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(50 μg/kg body weight) and the other six piglets with normal saline;animals were killed at 4 h after injection to collect blood, intestine, and digesta samples for biochemical analysis.Results: In Exp. 1, CB and AB diets had no effect on growth performance of piglets. In Exp. 2, 0.4% CB decreased feed-gain ratio(P < 0.1), diarrhea score(P < 0.05), and increased duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height and jejunal villus height/crypt depth(P < 0.05). The 0.4% CB decreased the plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α(P < 0.05) but increased ileal mucosa IL-10 and TLR2 mRNA expression(P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.4% CB altered the microbial profile, with Bacillus and Ruminococcaceae UGG-003 at genus level and Lactobacillus casei and Parasutterella secunda at species level were higher than CON in colonic content(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary C. butyricum supplementation had positive effects on growth of weaned piglets with less digestible diets. There was a tendency to reduce the feed-gain ratio, which could reduce feed costs in pig production. Moreover, C. butyricum decreased post-weaning diarrhea by improving the intestinal morphology,intestinal microflora profile, and immune function.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770538 and No.81570485Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,No.2017CXGC1215
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastroenterological diseases characterized by abnormal visceral sensitivity and lowgrade inflammation. The role of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) in reducing intestinal low-grade inflammation via immune pathways has been well defined. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal mucosal immunity, especially on immune cells of the lamina propria, remain unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are important immune cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and others) and express T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), promoting proliferation and activation of DCs, and mediating Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. AIM To investigate the role of DCs in the development of IBS in a rat model and to understand the regulation of DCs after C. butyricum intervention. METHODS An IBS animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice, and C. butyricum was continuously administered via the intragastric route to simulate different intestinal immune states. Intestinal visceral hypersensitivity and histopathology were assessed using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and TIM3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the quantity, function, and membrane molecule TIM3 of the lamina propria dendritic cells (LPDCs). The regulatory effect of C. butyricum was verified in bone marrowderived dendritic cells by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in mice with IBS was significantly increased compared with that of the control group, which suggested that the intestinal mucosa in mice with IBS was in a low-grade inflammatory state. The expression of CD11C+CD80+ and CD11c+TIM3+ in intestinal LPDCs in mice with IBS increased significantly. Meanwhile, the cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) were significantly reduced after the intervention with probiotic C. butyricum. The amount and function of LPDCs and the TIM3 on the surface of the LPDCs were decreased with the alleviation of the intestinal inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The results suggest that C. butyricum regulates the amount and functional status of LPDCs in the intestinal mucosa of mice with IBS, and therefore modulates the local immune response in the intestine.
基金Supported by grants from The National Key Basic Research(973)Program of China,No.2010CB529704(to Jiang Y)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81030055,and No.81372030(to Jiang Y)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(S2013010014422)(to Liu A)the Program of Wenzhou Sci-tech Museum,No.Y20130215(to Wang FY)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum(C. butyricum) on experimental gastric ulcers(GUs) induced by alcohol, restraint cold stress, or pyloric ligation in mice, respectively.METHODS: One hundred and twenty mice were randomly allocated into three types of gastric ulcer models(n = 40 each), induced by alcohol, restraint cold stress, or pyloric ligation. In each GU model, 40 mice were allocated into four groups(n = 10 each): the sham control group; model group(GU induction without pretreatment); C. butyricum group(GU induction with C. butyricum pretreatment); and Omeprazole group(GU induction with Omeprazole pretreatment). Theeffects of C. butyricum were evaluated by examining the histological changes in the gastric mucosal erosion area, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT), the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), and the contents of interleukin(IL)-1b, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, leukotriene B4(LTB4) and 6-keto-PGF-1α(degradation product of PGI2) in the gastric tissue.RESULTS: Our data showed that C. butyricum significantly reduced the gastric mucosal injury area and ameliorated the pathological conditions of the gastric mucosa. C. butyricum not only minimized the decreases in activity of SOD and CAT, but also reduced the level of MDA in all three GU models used in this study. The accumulation of IL1-b, TNF-α and LBT4 decreased, while 6-keto-PGF-1α increased with pretreatment by C. butyricum in all three GU models.CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated the protective effects of pretreatment with C. butyricum on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in different types of GU models in mice. Further studies are needed to explore its potential clinical benefits.
文摘Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.
文摘Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of Ribavirin combined with Clostridium butyricum powder on child patients with rotavirus enteritis and analyze serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-αconcentration and change of T lymphocyte subsets. Methods: A total of 90 patients with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45). The control group was given conventional therapy combined with Ribavirin. The observation group was treated with Clostridium butyricum powder on the basis of control group. The changes of T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors were measured before and after treatment in all subjects. Results: There was no significant difference in serum T lymphocyte subsets between the control group and the observation group before treatment. After treatment, the levels of serum CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were higher than those before treatment, while CD8+ level was lower than that before treatment. The levels of serum CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment, while the CD8+ level was lower than that in control group in the corresponding period. There was no significant difference in the concentration of inflammatory factors between the control group and the observation group before treatment. After treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the two groups were lower than those before treatment. The observation group was significantly lower than control group in corresponding period after treatment and difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: On the basis of conventional therapy and Ribavirin treatment, combined with Clostridium butyricum Powder for children with rotavirus enteritis can reduce concentration of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and decrease expression of CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets level and improve the level of CD3+, CD4+ level. It is a potent effective drug for treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis.
基金Project supported by the Bureau of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004201), China and the Youth Fund of Ningbo City (No. 2004A620008), China
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of probiotic bacterium,Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain (CBM) on the changes of the fecal flora in Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)treatment.METHODS: Thirty-five patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers positive for Hpylori were randomized either to 1 wk amoxicillin, clarithromycin, lansoprazole (Group 1) or to the same regimen supplemented with CBM 7 dahead of the triple therapy (Group 2). Stool samples were collected before and 2, 4, 7, 15, and 22 d after the starting eradication therapy, and were examined intestinal flora. Patients were required to keep a diary record of their condition. RESULTS: Obligate anaerobes decreased significantly on d 2, 4, 8 and 15 in Group 1. On the other hand, they did not decrease significantly in Group 2. The Escherichiacoli was dominant bacterium in Enterobacteriaceae, butthat was replaced by other species such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter after eradication in Group 1. The change was suppressed in Group 2. Abdominal symptoms were less frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1.CONCLUSION: The combined use of CBM reduced the changes in the intestinal flora and decreased the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects.
基金The Model Subject of High-Tech Industrializing Conversion of Series Microecological New Drugs,National Development and Reform Commission High-Tech,[2004]2078
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a probiotic supplement(Clostridium butyricum,CGMCC0313)in a chemically-induced rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS:An experimental ulcerative colitis model was established by rectal injection of oxazolone into the colon of 40 Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups.The positive control group was sacrificed 3 d after colitis onset.The remaining groups were fed daily with either 2 mL of C.butyricum(2.3×1011 CFU/L), 2 mL of mesalamine(100 g/L),or 1 mL of sodium butyrate(50 mmol/L)for 21 d.The animals’body weight, behavior,and bowel movements were recorded weekly. After sacrifice,visual and microscopic observations of pathological changes of colon tissue were made,body weight and wet colon mass index were measured and recorded,and serum levels of interleukin-23(IL-23) and TNF-αwere measured using ELISA.Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in colon tissue was measured by RT-PCR.Finally,changes in rat intestinal microflora status were measured in all groups. RESULTS:We found that treatment with C.butyricum lowered the serum levels of both IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)with similar or even better efficiency than that of mesalamine or sodium butyrate. The rat intestinal flora appeared to recover more quickly in the group treated with C.butyricum than in the mesalamine and sodium butyrate groups.Finally,we found that the expression level of calcitonin gene related peptide was elevated in colon tissue in the sodium butyrate treated group but not in the C.butyricum or mesalamine treated groups,indicating a sensitization of colon following sodium butyrate treatment.CONCLUSION:In our experimental colitis model, treatment with C.butyricum CGMCC0313,a probiotic supplement,is at least as efficient as treatment with mesalamine.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C14031)Innovative Research Team Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2011R50025)
文摘Background:Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli) results in economic losses in the poultry industry.Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis,however,E.coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics.Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated the effects of Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum) on growth performance,immune response,intestinal barrier function,and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli(E.coif) K88.Methods:The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days.Negative control treatment(NC) consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E.coli K88 challenge and positive control treatment(PC) consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E.coli K88.C.butyricum probiotic treatment(CB) consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2×10~7 cfu C butyricum/kg of diet and challenged with E.coli K88.Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment(CS)consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E.coli K88.Results:The body weight(BW) and average day gain(ADG) in the broilers of CB group were higher(P< 0.05) than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge.The birds in CB treatment had higher(P < 0.05) concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) at 3 and 7 d post-challenge,and higher(P < 0.05)concentration of interleukin-4(IL-4) at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group.The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower(P<0.05) at 21 d post-challenge,and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower(P < 0.05) at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds.Birds in CB treatment group had higher(P< 0.05) jejunum villi height than those in PC,NC,or CS treatment at 7,14,and 21 d post-challenge.In comparison to PC birds,the CB birds had lower(P < 0.05) jejunum crypt depth during the whole experiment.The birds in CB or CS treatment group had higher(P < 0.05) activities of amylase and protease at 3,7,and 14 d post-challenge,and higher(P< 0.05) activity of lipase at 3,7 d post-challenge than PC birds.Conclusions:In all,these results indicate that dietary supplementation with C.butyricum promotes immune response,improves intestinal barrier function,and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens challenged with E.coli K88.There is no significant difference between the C.butyricum probiotic treatment and the colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment.Therefore,the C.butyricum probiotic may be an alternative to antibiotic for broiler chickens.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Marine Fisheries Technology (No. A 201701B09)Fund of Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China (No. FREU2017-01)+4 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 2017A 030 313147)Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS (Nos. 2016TS07, 2017YB12)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment (No. LFE2016-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31502183, 31702352)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project (No. JCYJ201704 12110605075)
文摘A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body composition of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Shrimp s were randomly allocated into 9 tanks, 30 each, and f ed with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum(1×10~9 cfug^(-1)): 0 mgg^(-1) feed(Control), 100 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-100), 200 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-200), while each level was triplicated. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the intestine pepsin(Pep) activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) concentration of two C. butyricum group s were both increased. Amylase(AM Y) and lipase(LPS) activities wer e only induced in CB-200 group. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(A ST) activities of two C. butyricum group s showed no significant change. The α-amylase(AM Y) gene expression was induced in CB-200 group, and tryp sin gene expression of two C. butyricum treated group s were both induced. Intestine SCFA content and body composition analysis showed that the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and the crude protein of two C. butyricum group s were all higher than those of control. These results revealed that C. butyricum can modulate intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, improve intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content in M. japonicus.
文摘The production of butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB at various pH values was investigated. In order to study the effect of pH on cell growth, butyric acid biosynthesis and reducing sugar consumption, different cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 were evaluated in 5-L bioreactor. In controlled pH batch fermentation, the optimum pH for cell growth and butyric acid production was 6.5 with a cell yield of 3.65 g/L and butyric acid yield of 12.25 g/L. Based on these results, this study then compared batch and fed-batch fermentation of butyric acid production at pH 6.5. Maximum value (16.74 g/L) of butyric acid concentration was obtained in fed-batch fermentation compared to 12.25 g/L in batch fermentation. It was concluded that culti- vation under fed-batch fermentation mode could enhance butyric acid production significantly (P<0.01) by C. butyricum ZJUCB.
