Cancer is a common term for many diseases that can affect any part of the body.In 2020,ten million people will die due to cancer.A worldwide leading cause of death is cancer by the World Health Organization(WHO)report...Cancer is a common term for many diseases that can affect any part of the body.In 2020,ten million people will die due to cancer.A worldwide leading cause of death is cancer by the World Health Organization(WHO)report.Interaction of cancer cells,viral therapy,and immune response are identified in this model.Mathematical and computational modeling is an effective tool to predict the dynamics of cancer virotherapy.The cell population is categorized into three parts like uninfected cells(x),infected cells(y),virus-free cells(v),and immune cells(z).The modeling of cancerlike diseases is based on the law of mass action(the rate of change of reacting substances is directly proportional to the product of interacting substances).Positivity,boundedness,equilibria,threshold analysis,are part of deterministic modeling.Later on,a numerical analysis is designed by using the standard and non-standard finite difference methods.The non-standard finite difference method is developed to study the long-term behavior of the cancer model.For its efficiency,a comparison of the methods is investigated.展开更多
Despite its various vital roles in the different body’s metabolisms,iron may have a hazardous impact on health when it exceeds its normal values.Iron overload is triggered by many genetic and behavioral factors.Furth...Despite its various vital roles in the different body’s metabolisms,iron may have a hazardous impact on health when it exceeds its normal values.Iron overload is triggered by many genetic and behavioral factors.Furthermore,excessive iron levels have also been observed in many pathologies such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,cardiovascular and some cancerous diseases.This paper describes a set of natural iron chelators as an effective and a safe orthomolecular approach in chelating iron.Orthomolecular medicine is based on providing patients with nutritional supplementation at high doses to treat and prevent diseases.This paper describes the properties of a set of flavonoids and phenolic acids such as curcumin and ferulic acid that can be administered as supplements to patients suffering from iron overload since they are classified as strong chelators.Those natural iron chelators’supplements are mainly extracted from fruits,vegetables,and plants.As chelators,they are able to bind effectively to iron,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,and reduce the levels of oxidative stress.They can also play an effective therapeutic role in the treatment of neurodegenerative,cardiovascular,diabetic,and cancerous diseases thanks to their iron chelation,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties.展开更多
In this post-genomic era, more and more susceptibility loci of many possible genetic diseases are published. As our knowledge about these susceptibility loci is limited and partial, we should be very careful and respo...In this post-genomic era, more and more susceptibility loci of many possible genetic diseases are published. As our knowledge about these susceptibility loci is limited and partial, we should be very careful and responsible when patients seek genetic counseling about these possible genetic diseases. We should apply Confucius' s principle about knowledge and information to genetic conseling, and tell the truth to our patients about what we know and what we do not know. Like many other cancers, breast cancer is a very complicated, multifactorial disease; genetic factors, lifestyles and eating habits, environmental factors, and viral infections might be involved in breast cancer; hence, it is difficult to figure out the real etiology of breast cancer. It is not crystal clear that a person who carries mutations of the breast cancer 1, early onset and/or breast cancer 2, early onset genes would eventually get breast cancer in her/his lifetime. No person should undergo a preventive double mastectomy, unless we know the etiology of breast cancer someday.展开更多
Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reprod...Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.展开更多
Purpose-This study aims to differential diagnosis of some diseases using classification methods to support effective medical treatment.For this purpose,different classification methods based on data,experts’knowledge...Purpose-This study aims to differential diagnosis of some diseases using classification methods to support effective medical treatment.For this purpose,different classification methods based on data,experts’knowledge and both are considered in some cases.Besides,feature reduction and some clustering methods are used to improve their performance.Design/methodology/approach-First,the performances of classification methods are evaluated for differential diagnosis of different diseases.Then,experts’knowledge is utilized to modify the Bayesian networks’structures.Analyses of the results show that using experts’knowledge is more effective than other algorithms for increasing the accuracy of Bayesian network classification.A total of ten different diseases are used for testing,taken from the Machine Learning Repository datasets of the University of California at Irvine(UCI).Findings-The proposed method improves both the computation time and accuracy of the classification methods used in this paper.Bayesian networks based on experts’knowledge achieve a maximum average accuracy of 87 percent,with a minimum standard deviation average of 0.04 over the sample datasets among all classification methods.Practical implications-The proposed methodology can be applied to perform disease differential diagnosis analysis.Originality/value-This study presents the usefulness of experts’knowledge in the diagnosis while proposing an adopted improvement method for classifications.Besides,the Bayesian network based on experts’knowledge is useful for different diseases neglected by previous papers.展开更多
文摘Cancer is a common term for many diseases that can affect any part of the body.In 2020,ten million people will die due to cancer.A worldwide leading cause of death is cancer by the World Health Organization(WHO)report.Interaction of cancer cells,viral therapy,and immune response are identified in this model.Mathematical and computational modeling is an effective tool to predict the dynamics of cancer virotherapy.The cell population is categorized into three parts like uninfected cells(x),infected cells(y),virus-free cells(v),and immune cells(z).The modeling of cancerlike diseases is based on the law of mass action(the rate of change of reacting substances is directly proportional to the product of interacting substances).Positivity,boundedness,equilibria,threshold analysis,are part of deterministic modeling.Later on,a numerical analysis is designed by using the standard and non-standard finite difference methods.The non-standard finite difference method is developed to study the long-term behavior of the cancer model.For its efficiency,a comparison of the methods is investigated.
文摘Despite its various vital roles in the different body’s metabolisms,iron may have a hazardous impact on health when it exceeds its normal values.Iron overload is triggered by many genetic and behavioral factors.Furthermore,excessive iron levels have also been observed in many pathologies such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,cardiovascular and some cancerous diseases.This paper describes a set of natural iron chelators as an effective and a safe orthomolecular approach in chelating iron.Orthomolecular medicine is based on providing patients with nutritional supplementation at high doses to treat and prevent diseases.This paper describes the properties of a set of flavonoids and phenolic acids such as curcumin and ferulic acid that can be administered as supplements to patients suffering from iron overload since they are classified as strong chelators.Those natural iron chelators’supplements are mainly extracted from fruits,vegetables,and plants.As chelators,they are able to bind effectively to iron,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,and reduce the levels of oxidative stress.They can also play an effective therapeutic role in the treatment of neurodegenerative,cardiovascular,diabetic,and cancerous diseases thanks to their iron chelation,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties.
文摘In this post-genomic era, more and more susceptibility loci of many possible genetic diseases are published. As our knowledge about these susceptibility loci is limited and partial, we should be very careful and responsible when patients seek genetic counseling about these possible genetic diseases. We should apply Confucius' s principle about knowledge and information to genetic conseling, and tell the truth to our patients about what we know and what we do not know. Like many other cancers, breast cancer is a very complicated, multifactorial disease; genetic factors, lifestyles and eating habits, environmental factors, and viral infections might be involved in breast cancer; hence, it is difficult to figure out the real etiology of breast cancer. It is not crystal clear that a person who carries mutations of the breast cancer 1, early onset and/or breast cancer 2, early onset genes would eventually get breast cancer in her/his lifetime. No person should undergo a preventive double mastectomy, unless we know the etiology of breast cancer someday.
文摘Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic type of breast cancer, representing 5% to 15% of invasive tumors. ILC tends to spread to bones, lungs, central nervous system, reproductive organs, and the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The most commonly affected organs in the GI tract are the stomach, small intestine, followed by colon and rectum. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman who was referred to our institution after having a bowel obstruction that required a diagnostic laparoscopy where they identified an obstructing ulcerative lesion in the distal ileum that was managed with a segmental bowel resection. Pathology report showed an invasive lobular breast carcinoma that occluded 90% of the bowel lumen. A PET/CT scan revealed a left breast tumor with increased metabolism. The patient was staged as a clinical cT4b, cN0, cM1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER/PgR positive, HER-2 negative). She was managed with endocrine therapy with Letrozole (an eight-week course). A follow-up PET/CT showed a peritoneal hypermetabolic nodule adjacent to the previous ileal anastomosis. The lesion decreased in size and metabolic activity. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the endocrine therapy was extended for another three months. Another follow-up PET/CT scan was performed three months after the identification of the peritoneal implant that showed that the nodule increased in size and in metabolism. The lesion continued to decrease significantly in size and became metabolically inactivity. Due to the good breast response and the possibility that the ileal nodule could be a granuloma, she underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with excision of the peritoneal nodule, and a modified left radical mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (complex wound closure). The final pathology report of the nodule was negative for malignancy. She continued on endocrine therapy and underwent whole breast irradiation four weeks after the operation. Currently, she is free of disease with no evidence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, and she is still on endocrine therapy. Discussion: The time interval between primary breast cancer and gastrointestinal involvement may range from synchronous presentation to as long as 30 years. The clinical manifestations in GI lobular breast cancer metastasis may range from non-specific complaints to acute GI symptoms, such as a bowel obstruction. There are multiple controversies in the management of ILC. Systemic treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Indications for postmastectomy radiotherapy are also controversial, given the propensity for multifocal/multicentric tumors and late recurrences, sometimes in atypical locations. Five years of postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy is an option for women with poor prognosis. Remissions are observed in 32% to 53% of patients. Conclusion: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast has a wide range of clinical presentations. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new GI tumors should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, this will allow for appropriate management. Currently, breast cancer management involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic medical therapy, and the treatment must be tailored to the patient’s needs.
文摘Purpose-This study aims to differential diagnosis of some diseases using classification methods to support effective medical treatment.For this purpose,different classification methods based on data,experts’knowledge and both are considered in some cases.Besides,feature reduction and some clustering methods are used to improve their performance.Design/methodology/approach-First,the performances of classification methods are evaluated for differential diagnosis of different diseases.Then,experts’knowledge is utilized to modify the Bayesian networks’structures.Analyses of the results show that using experts’knowledge is more effective than other algorithms for increasing the accuracy of Bayesian network classification.A total of ten different diseases are used for testing,taken from the Machine Learning Repository datasets of the University of California at Irvine(UCI).Findings-The proposed method improves both the computation time and accuracy of the classification methods used in this paper.Bayesian networks based on experts’knowledge achieve a maximum average accuracy of 87 percent,with a minimum standard deviation average of 0.04 over the sample datasets among all classification methods.Practical implications-The proposed methodology can be applied to perform disease differential diagnosis analysis.Originality/value-This study presents the usefulness of experts’knowledge in the diagnosis while proposing an adopted improvement method for classifications.Besides,the Bayesian network based on experts’knowledge is useful for different diseases neglected by previous papers.
