The effectiveness of native entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana isolates in the biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Local isolate...The effectiveness of native entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana isolates in the biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Local isolates (P. Bv32, P. Bv39, P. Bv41, P. Bv51, and P. Bv52) of the fungus B. bassiana induced higher adult mortalities (77%, 65%, 65%, 65%, and 58%, respectively) than a control against the Mediterranean fruit fly under laboratory conditions. Adult mortality increased by increasing the conidial concentrations. In addition, the lethal time (LT50) for killing adult C. capitata ranged from 3.91 to 5.60 days, and the logged lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 3.80 to 10.50, depending on the isolate. Furthermore, the contact application method induced significantly higher mortality than feeding alone, compared with the control. In addition, spraying peaches with a conidial suspension of the isolates P. Bv32 and P. Bv39 significantly reduced infestation by the fruit fly, compared with the control. The isolates grew well at a temperature range of 25°C - 30°C;germination of the conidia occurred at 15°C - 30°C, and sporulation occurred at 20°C - 25°C. High Mediterranean fruit fly mortalities were induced at 15°C - 30°C, with significant differences among the isolates. However, the isolates failed to grow, germinate, or sporulate above 35°C or below 10°C. Under field conditions, a formula of the bioinsecticide containing the isolate P. Bv32 of B. bassiana significantly reduced peach infestation with Medfly maggots by 25% compared with the control, and by 30% when combined with a low dose of the commercial insecticide Confidor®.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Moroccan Bt strains against neonate larvae, third instar larvae and emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata. This Mediterranean fruit fly causes serious damag...The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Moroccan Bt strains against neonate larvae, third instar larvae and emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata. This Mediterranean fruit fly causes serious damages to Argan forest and other agricultural plants. There is no successful control program of this pest fly in the endemic Argan forest in Morocco. A single-dose test was performed on neonate larvae (25 μL/g) and adult (333.33 μL/g), when three doses of Bt toxins (50 μL/g, 100 μL/g and 150 μL/g) were tested against third instar of C. capitata. Among the twenty-six Bt strains examined, local Bt13.4 and Bt A7 strains showed highest toxicity levels against larvae and adults, when compared to the reference strain, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis HD567 “code 4Q1”, and commercial product “Skeetal”. One hundred percent mortality was observed against neonate larvae after 7 days of application by Bt 13.4 toxin. Third instar larvae were very susceptible to Bt A7 and Bt M-Ag 21.6 strains with 68% mortality (Lethal Concentration: LC50 = 1.115) at a dose of 150 μL/g. The Bt A7 strain was also highly toxic to adults with 81.66% of mortality after 7 days of application. This study demonstrated that some of our collection Bt strains can contribute to integrated C. capitata management system with strong biological control components.展开更多
Objective:To study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Butia capitata(B.capitata)leaf extracts along with phytochemical analysis of the proposed bioactive constituents.Methods:Different successive extrac...Objective:To study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Butia capitata(B.capitata)leaf extracts along with phytochemical analysis of the proposed bioactive constituents.Methods:Different successive extracts of B.capitata Becc.leaves were prepared with selective organic solvents and screened for their anti-inflammatory activities in tested animals and invitro antioxidant effect.An extensive phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts through paper chromatography,thin layer chromatography,column chromatography,gasliquid chromatography(GLC),high pressure liquid chromatography and spectral analysis.GCMass,ultraviolet,hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance,electron ionization-mass spectrometry,heteronuclear multiple bond correlation and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation were carried out Results:Results showed that different extracts possess promising antioxidant effect and significant anti-inflammatory activity with variable degrees.The results of the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts revealed the presence of volatile substances,lipoidal matter,α-tocopherol,free sugars,polysaccharides and flavonoidal compounds.Conclusions:B.capitata leaf extracts were shown to possess variable antioxidant effect,the most promising was methanol extract Both polar and non polar extracts were proved to have anti-inflammatory activity,the non polar extract was superior in this respect The bioactivity of the extracts was ascribed to the presence of flavonoids,sterols andα-tocopherol.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Cyathula Capitata( Wall.) Moq. and evaluate its antioxidant capacity in vitro. [Methods] The single factor orthogonal design w...[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Cyathula Capitata( Wall.) Moq. and evaluate its antioxidant capacity in vitro. [Methods] The single factor orthogonal design was applied to explore the effects of ultrasonic time,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and ethanol precipitation concentration on the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides from C. Capitata,to obtain the optimal extraction process; DPPH and ABTS^+ free radical scavenging ability was detected to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity.[Results]The optimal extraction process of C. Capitata crude polysaccharide was as follows: solid-to-liquid ratio was 40∶ 1,the extraction temperature was 50℃,the ultrasonic time was 80 min. Under such conditions,the extraction rate of C. Capitata crude polysaccharide was 10. 51%,and the purity was 56. 9%; C. Capitata crude polysaccharide has good scavenging ability to DPPH and ABTS^+ free radicals,and its IC_(50) values are 0. 468 and 0. 231 mg/mL,respectively. [Conclusions]The optimized process is simple and feasible,and the C. Capitata polysaccharide has good antioxidant activity in vitro. This experiment provides a basis for the further development and utilization of the C. Capitata polysaccharide.展开更多
Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit...Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit, making it hard to detect by visual inspection. In most countries at ports of entry the inspector check a small sample of fruit by visual inspection or by cutting the produce and searching for fungus and pests. This paper will investigate a quick, reliable and sensitive method to determine the presence of fruit flies. Our research focuses on developing the technology for detecting hidden infestations by using the Head Space-Soild Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS) technique. Five different types of fruit were infested with an early stage of Medfly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephidae). We investigated to detect the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) between infested and non- infested fruits by using HS-SPME with (GC-MS). The results indicated that for few chemicals no significant differences between infested and non-infested fruit can be seen, especially in the fruits with first instar. However, in case of third instar larvae infested fruits significant differences in the chemicals can be seen as compare to non infested fruits and other instar infestations. These chemicals include ethyl (Z)-2 butenoate, 2-heptanone, anisole, β-cis-ocimene, 1,3,7-nonatriene,4,8-dimethy-,ethyl octyate, isoamyl caproate and 1β,4βh,10βh- guaia-5,11-diene, in apple. Ethyl (Z)-2-butenoate, (+)-2-bornanone, (-)-trans- isopiperitenol, methyl caprate, caryophyllene and farnesene in orange. Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-,2-methylbutul acetate, sabinene, β-myrcene, octanoic acid, methyl ester, dihydrocarvone, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol and ethyl laurate in mandarin. Butyl 2-methylbutanoate, terpinen-4-ol, P-menth-8-en-2-one, E-,(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester in lemon. Decane, 3-methyl-, p-menth-1,4(8)-diene, 1-undecene and α-cubebene in avocado. Thus, the VOC’s method could provide a possible tool for detecting tephritid larvae and this method could be adopted by industries importing and exporting fruit.展开更多
The dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), has been successfully applied in hybrid seed pro...The dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants (CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3) is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis (BSA). By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygous male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.展开更多
Belonechitina capitata, a typically middle to late Ordovician chitinozoan index taxon was for the first time recovered from the northeastern Kumaon region, a part of Garhwal-Kumaon Tethys basin of the Himalaya, India....Belonechitina capitata, a typically middle to late Ordovician chitinozoan index taxon was for the first time recovered from the northeastern Kumaon region, a part of Garhwal-Kumaon Tethys basin of the Himalaya, India. This species is of great biostratigraphic importance and has already been reported from Avalonia, Baltica and northern Gondwana. The study area was during Ordovician, part of a lowpalaeolatitudinal Gondwana region. The vesicles of recovered forms are black and fragmentary. This is principally attributed to intense tectonic activity during the Himalayan orogenic movement which resulted into high thermal alteration. The chitinozoans are found along with melanosclerites.展开更多
文摘The effectiveness of native entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana isolates in the biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Local isolates (P. Bv32, P. Bv39, P. Bv41, P. Bv51, and P. Bv52) of the fungus B. bassiana induced higher adult mortalities (77%, 65%, 65%, 65%, and 58%, respectively) than a control against the Mediterranean fruit fly under laboratory conditions. Adult mortality increased by increasing the conidial concentrations. In addition, the lethal time (LT50) for killing adult C. capitata ranged from 3.91 to 5.60 days, and the logged lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 3.80 to 10.50, depending on the isolate. Furthermore, the contact application method induced significantly higher mortality than feeding alone, compared with the control. In addition, spraying peaches with a conidial suspension of the isolates P. Bv32 and P. Bv39 significantly reduced infestation by the fruit fly, compared with the control. The isolates grew well at a temperature range of 25°C - 30°C;germination of the conidia occurred at 15°C - 30°C, and sporulation occurred at 20°C - 25°C. High Mediterranean fruit fly mortalities were induced at 15°C - 30°C, with significant differences among the isolates. However, the isolates failed to grow, germinate, or sporulate above 35°C or below 10°C. Under field conditions, a formula of the bioinsecticide containing the isolate P. Bv32 of B. bassiana significantly reduced peach infestation with Medfly maggots by 25% compared with the control, and by 30% when combined with a low dose of the commercial insecticide Confidor®.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Moroccan Bt strains against neonate larvae, third instar larvae and emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata. This Mediterranean fruit fly causes serious damages to Argan forest and other agricultural plants. There is no successful control program of this pest fly in the endemic Argan forest in Morocco. A single-dose test was performed on neonate larvae (25 μL/g) and adult (333.33 μL/g), when three doses of Bt toxins (50 μL/g, 100 μL/g and 150 μL/g) were tested against third instar of C. capitata. Among the twenty-six Bt strains examined, local Bt13.4 and Bt A7 strains showed highest toxicity levels against larvae and adults, when compared to the reference strain, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis HD567 “code 4Q1”, and commercial product “Skeetal”. One hundred percent mortality was observed against neonate larvae after 7 days of application by Bt 13.4 toxin. Third instar larvae were very susceptible to Bt A7 and Bt M-Ag 21.6 strains with 68% mortality (Lethal Concentration: LC50 = 1.115) at a dose of 150 μL/g. The Bt A7 strain was also highly toxic to adults with 81.66% of mortality after 7 days of application. This study demonstrated that some of our collection Bt strains can contribute to integrated C. capitata management system with strong biological control components.
基金Supported by National Research Centre,Cairo,Egypt(Fifth plan of National Research Centre,Grant No:1/8/5)
文摘Objective:To study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Butia capitata(B.capitata)leaf extracts along with phytochemical analysis of the proposed bioactive constituents.Methods:Different successive extracts of B.capitata Becc.leaves were prepared with selective organic solvents and screened for their anti-inflammatory activities in tested animals and invitro antioxidant effect.An extensive phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts through paper chromatography,thin layer chromatography,column chromatography,gasliquid chromatography(GLC),high pressure liquid chromatography and spectral analysis.GCMass,ultraviolet,hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance,electron ionization-mass spectrometry,heteronuclear multiple bond correlation and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation were carried out Results:Results showed that different extracts possess promising antioxidant effect and significant anti-inflammatory activity with variable degrees.The results of the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts revealed the presence of volatile substances,lipoidal matter,α-tocopherol,free sugars,polysaccharides and flavonoidal compounds.Conclusions:B.capitata leaf extracts were shown to possess variable antioxidant effect,the most promising was methanol extract Both polar and non polar extracts were proved to have anti-inflammatory activity,the non polar extract was superior in this respect The bioactivity of the extracts was ascribed to the presence of flavonoids,sterols andα-tocopherol.
基金Supported by Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Higher Education in Sichuan Province in 2017 for Development of Characteristic Biological Resources in Dry and Hot Valley(GR-2017-C-01)
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Cyathula Capitata( Wall.) Moq. and evaluate its antioxidant capacity in vitro. [Methods] The single factor orthogonal design was applied to explore the effects of ultrasonic time,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction time and ethanol precipitation concentration on the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides from C. Capitata,to obtain the optimal extraction process; DPPH and ABTS^+ free radical scavenging ability was detected to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity.[Results]The optimal extraction process of C. Capitata crude polysaccharide was as follows: solid-to-liquid ratio was 40∶ 1,the extraction temperature was 50℃,the ultrasonic time was 80 min. Under such conditions,the extraction rate of C. Capitata crude polysaccharide was 10. 51%,and the purity was 56. 9%; C. Capitata crude polysaccharide has good scavenging ability to DPPH and ABTS^+ free radicals,and its IC_(50) values are 0. 468 and 0. 231 mg/mL,respectively. [Conclusions]The optimized process is simple and feasible,and the C. Capitata polysaccharide has good antioxidant activity in vitro. This experiment provides a basis for the further development and utilization of the C. Capitata polysaccharide.
文摘Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit, making it hard to detect by visual inspection. In most countries at ports of entry the inspector check a small sample of fruit by visual inspection or by cutting the produce and searching for fungus and pests. This paper will investigate a quick, reliable and sensitive method to determine the presence of fruit flies. Our research focuses on developing the technology for detecting hidden infestations by using the Head Space-Soild Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS) technique. Five different types of fruit were infested with an early stage of Medfly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephidae). We investigated to detect the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) between infested and non- infested fruits by using HS-SPME with (GC-MS). The results indicated that for few chemicals no significant differences between infested and non-infested fruit can be seen, especially in the fruits with first instar. However, in case of third instar larvae infested fruits significant differences in the chemicals can be seen as compare to non infested fruits and other instar infestations. These chemicals include ethyl (Z)-2 butenoate, 2-heptanone, anisole, β-cis-ocimene, 1,3,7-nonatriene,4,8-dimethy-,ethyl octyate, isoamyl caproate and 1β,4βh,10βh- guaia-5,11-diene, in apple. Ethyl (Z)-2-butenoate, (+)-2-bornanone, (-)-trans- isopiperitenol, methyl caprate, caryophyllene and farnesene in orange. Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-,2-methylbutul acetate, sabinene, β-myrcene, octanoic acid, methyl ester, dihydrocarvone, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol and ethyl laurate in mandarin. Butyl 2-methylbutanoate, terpinen-4-ol, P-menth-8-en-2-one, E-,(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester in lemon. Decane, 3-methyl-, p-menth-1,4(8)-diene, 1-undecene and α-cubebene in avocado. Thus, the VOC’s method could provide a possible tool for detecting tephritid larvae and this method could be adopted by industries importing and exporting fruit.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Ministry of China (2008BADB1B02 and 2009BADB8B03)the Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution (ICS, CAAS) (1610032011011)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2012AA100101)
文摘The dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants (CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3) is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis (BSA). By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygous male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.
基金DST (New Delhi) for funding the research project (SR/S4/ES-562/ 2011)
文摘Belonechitina capitata, a typically middle to late Ordovician chitinozoan index taxon was for the first time recovered from the northeastern Kumaon region, a part of Garhwal-Kumaon Tethys basin of the Himalaya, India. This species is of great biostratigraphic importance and has already been reported from Avalonia, Baltica and northern Gondwana. The study area was during Ordovician, part of a lowpalaeolatitudinal Gondwana region. The vesicles of recovered forms are black and fragmentary. This is principally attributed to intense tectonic activity during the Himalayan orogenic movement which resulted into high thermal alteration. The chitinozoans are found along with melanosclerites.
