Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution...Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.展开更多
To understand the responses of flag leaf shape in rice to elevated CO2 environment and their genetic characteristics, quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for flag leaf shape in rice were mapped onto the molecular marker ...To understand the responses of flag leaf shape in rice to elevated CO2 environment and their genetic characteristics, quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for flag leaf shape in rice were mapped onto the molecular marker linkage map of chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment （FACE, 200 μmol/mol above current levels） and current CO2 concentration （Ambient, about 370 μmol/mol）. Three flag-leaf traits, flag-leaf length （LL）, width （LW） and the ratio of LL to LW （RLW）, were estimated for each CSSL and their parental varieties. The differences in LL, LW and RLW between parents and in LL and LW within IR24 between FACE and Ambient were significant at 1% level. The continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of LL, LW and RLW were also observed in CSSL population, showing that the three traits were quantitatively inherited under both FACE and Ambient. A total of 16 QTLs for the three traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 11 with LOD （Log10-1ikelihood ratio） scores ranging from 3.0 to 6.7. Among them, four QTLs （qLL-6＊, qLL-8＊ qLW-4＊ and qRLW-6＊） were commonly detected under both FACE and Ambient. Therefore, based on the different responses to elevated CO2 in comparison with current CO2 level, it can be suggested that the expressions of several QTLs associated with flag-leaf shape in rice could be induced by the high CO2 level.展开更多
The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate ch...The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate change by tuning its inherent molecular mechanism, which is not well understood. The present study employed the RNA-Seq method to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat Norin 10 in response to elevated CO_2 in comparison with ambient CO_2. The 10 895 787 high-quality clean reads of Norin 10 were assembled de novo using Trinity（without a reference genome） resulting in a total of 18 206 candidate transcripts with significant BLAST matches. GO enrichment analysis of Norin 10 at different CO_2 concentrations showed that some functional genes related to plastids, precursor metabolites, and energy, thylakoid and photosynthesis were apparently enriched at elevated CO_2（550 μmol mol^–1） in contrast to that at ambient CO_2（400 μmol mol^–1）; these findings were further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The findings demonstrated the specific effects of elevated CO_2 during long-term period in free air CO_2 enrichment（FACE） on transcriptome response of the high yielding wheat variety, Norin 10, which has a large spike.展开更多
Escalating threat of global warming and the steady growth in world population require the development of transformative greenhouse gas control technologies and food production systems of high energy efficiency,small e...Escalating threat of global warming and the steady growth in world population require the development of transformative greenhouse gas control technologies and food production systems of high energy efficiency,small environmental footprint and low cost.To control the global temperature rise below 2℃ by 2050,global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut by more than 80%.At the same time,our land needs to be utilized more efficiently and productively in order to produce enough food to feed projected 9 billion people with less available land area for food production in 2050.We propose to develop a modern urban vertical farming system,i.e.greenhouses equipped with a Carbon Enrichment for Plant Stimulation(CEPS)system,to enhance land use efficiency and thus increase food productivity and,at the same time,to sequestrate CO_(2) from ambient air.The deployment of such a CEPS system will have a potential to remove more than 500 million tonnes CO_(2) from air annually,and increase the current food productivity by more than 15 times than the open field operation.The deployment of the CEPS technology will also promote locally produced food,benefiting urban economical development and job creation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant No.41372146)
文摘Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, China （Grant Nos. 30270800 and 40231003）
文摘To understand the responses of flag leaf shape in rice to elevated CO2 environment and their genetic characteristics, quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for flag leaf shape in rice were mapped onto the molecular marker linkage map of chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment （FACE, 200 μmol/mol above current levels） and current CO2 concentration （Ambient, about 370 μmol/mol）. Three flag-leaf traits, flag-leaf length （LL）, width （LW） and the ratio of LL to LW （RLW）, were estimated for each CSSL and their parental varieties. The differences in LL, LW and RLW between parents and in LL and LW within IR24 between FACE and Ambient were significant at 1% level. The continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of LL, LW and RLW were also observed in CSSL population, showing that the three traits were quantitatively inherited under both FACE and Ambient. A total of 16 QTLs for the three traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 11 with LOD （Log10-1ikelihood ratio） scores ranging from 3.0 to 6.7. Among them, four QTLs （qLL-6＊, qLL-8＊ qLW-4＊ and qRLW-6＊） were commonly detected under both FACE and Ambient. Therefore, based on the different responses to elevated CO2 in comparison with current CO2 level, it can be suggested that the expressions of several QTLs associated with flag-leaf shape in rice could be induced by the high CO2 level.
基金financial supports from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB955904)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Wheat, as a major staple crop, adapts to climate change by tuning its inherent molecular mechanism, which is not well understood. The present study employed the RNA-Seq method to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat Norin 10 in response to elevated CO_2 in comparison with ambient CO_2. The 10 895 787 high-quality clean reads of Norin 10 were assembled de novo using Trinity（without a reference genome） resulting in a total of 18 206 candidate transcripts with significant BLAST matches. GO enrichment analysis of Norin 10 at different CO_2 concentrations showed that some functional genes related to plastids, precursor metabolites, and energy, thylakoid and photosynthesis were apparently enriched at elevated CO_2（550 μmol mol^–1） in contrast to that at ambient CO_2（400 μmol mol^–1）; these findings were further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The findings demonstrated the specific effects of elevated CO_2 during long-term period in free air CO_2 enrichment（FACE） on transcriptome response of the high yielding wheat variety, Norin 10, which has a large spike.
基金Supports from Fuzhou University through a MinJiang Scholar program and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada through a discovery program are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Escalating threat of global warming and the steady growth in world population require the development of transformative greenhouse gas control technologies and food production systems of high energy efficiency,small environmental footprint and low cost.To control the global temperature rise below 2℃ by 2050,global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut by more than 80%.At the same time,our land needs to be utilized more efficiently and productively in order to produce enough food to feed projected 9 billion people with less available land area for food production in 2050.We propose to develop a modern urban vertical farming system,i.e.greenhouses equipped with a Carbon Enrichment for Plant Stimulation(CEPS)system,to enhance land use efficiency and thus increase food productivity and,at the same time,to sequestrate CO_(2) from ambient air.The deployment of such a CEPS system will have a potential to remove more than 500 million tonnes CO_(2) from air annually,and increase the current food productivity by more than 15 times than the open field operation.The deployment of the CEPS technology will also promote locally produced food,benefiting urban economical development and job creation.
