Objective:This study aimed to assess the burden and psychosocial impact of spinal cord injury on the immediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City,Edo State.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross...Objective:This study aimed to assess the burden and psychosocial impact of spinal cord injury on the immediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City,Edo State.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted among 73 family caregivers in the neurological ward of a tertiary health facility using a structured questionnaire as instrument of data collection.Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.Results:Findings revealed that an overall mean of 2.73 indicates that the burden on the caregivers was moderate with a moderate psychological impact(m=2.88)and a high sociological impact(m=3.12).Factors affecting the caregiving provided by immediate caregivers include social and household responsibilities(94.5%),financial situation(89.0%),family support(83.6%),and health status of the caregiver(80.8%).Age(odds ratio[OR]=5.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.23-27.17,P=0.027),education(OR=3.75,95%CI:1.05-13.39,P=0.041),and“others”(spouses,siblings,friends,or extended family members)(OR=3.167,95%CI:1.583-6.337,P=0.001)were predictors for high psychological impact while education(OR=0.074;95%CI:0.015-0.370,P=0.001)and caregiving role(OR=3.167;95%CI:0.1.583-6.337,P=0.001)high sociological impact.Conclusion:Majority of the caregivers experience moderate burden,moderate psychological impact,and high sociological impact.Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and support services to address the unique needs of caregivers and mitigate the burden of caregiving on their psychosocial health.展开更多
Background: The community tuberculosis care program was started to reduce the impact of TB and increase successful treatment outcomes, thus contributing to meeting WHO targets on TB. According to the Botswana Ministry...Background: The community tuberculosis care program was started to reduce the impact of TB and increase successful treatment outcomes, thus contributing to meeting WHO targets on TB. According to the Botswana Ministry of Health, community tuberculosis care was introduced with the main goal of reducing tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among communities through the expansion of direct observed therapy and community involvement to community settings. The community caregivers were to support tuberculosis patients throughout their treatment period until they were cured or had completed their treatment. Settings: Two major cities of Botswana, Francistown and Gaborone, with more than twenty-two health clinics offering tuberculosis care. Objective: To investigate community caregivers’ experiences and identify programmatic strategies to improve active TB case findings under the community TB care (CTBC) program in Botswana during 2016-2021. Methods: We adopted a descriptive qualitative research design, followed by convenience purposive sampling. We obtained consent and interviewed 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 16 out of 73 in Gaborone and 24 out of 38 from Francistown. Results: We interviewed 40 caregivers with a mean age of 43.4 years. Accepting the caregiving role was identified as the main experience by more than two thirds of the caregivers. While at least more than two-fifth felt obligated to care for the patient at home due to personal relations. More than half of the respondents found caregiving difficult or frustrating due to some challenges encountered during the caregiving role. Behavioral modifications were suggested under different subthemes as strategies to improve active case finding. [-rId13-]Conclusion: Acceptance was the major experience in CTBC. Intensification of known programmatic strategies was suggested by caregivers to improve tuberculosis active case finding in CTBC.展开更多
The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing...The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing factors,and intervention strategies for the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors will be examined in this paper.To improve the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors,it is recommended that future studies enhance the number of intervention research methods and establish particular evaluation tools.展开更多
Objective:The study reviews status,main time nodes and hospital discharge services for family caregivers of children with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary artery aneurysm to provide references for the developm...Objective:The study reviews status,main time nodes and hospital discharge services for family caregivers of children with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary artery aneurysm to provide references for the development of hospital discharge preparation services for medical personnel and patients.Background:CAL of Kawasaki disease is the main cause of acquired heart disease in children,but there is not enough research on the readiness for hospital discharge.Design:Systematic review of observational and interventional studies.展开更多
This article aims to discuss the current state and research progress concerning the mental health of caregivers for surgical oncology patients.The goal is to offer insights that can serve as a reference for further en...This article aims to discuss the current state and research progress concerning the mental health of caregivers for surgical oncology patients.The goal is to offer insights that can serve as a reference for further enhancements in caregivers’mental well-being.This article conducts a comprehensive review and analysis of recent studies on the mental health of caregivers for patients undergoing oncologic surgery.These studies reveal that caregivers commonly grapple with mental health issues,including anxiety,depression,and stress.These problems are closely linked to the stress of the patient’s condition and treatment,the caregiver’s own mental strain,and a lack of social support.In addition,the mental health status of caregivers significantly influences the patient’s treatment and recovery process.Implementing various interventions,such as mental health education,services,the establishment of mental health support teams,and engagement in mental health promotion activities,can contribute to the improvement of caregivers’mental well-being.This,in turn,has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and the overall quality of life for patients.展开更多
Background:As the elderly population grows,the demand for long-term care services is increasing.Despite significant investments in care quality and workforce training,long-term care workers often face challenges such ...Background:As the elderly population grows,the demand for long-term care services is increasing.Despite significant investments in care quality and workforce training,long-term care workers often face challenges such as work fatigue,heavy workloads,and inadequate support.These issues can impact job satisfaction,mental health,and care quality,leading to staff turnover.This study examines how optimism,social support,and psychological resilience relate to caregiving burden,aiming to understand their effects on caregivers’well-being and performance to enhance the quality of long-term care services.Methods:The participants were 542 long-term care workers.Descriptive statistics,t-tests,one-way ANOVA,and hierarchical regression were used for data analysis.Results:(1)Optimism and social support were significantly and positively correlated with psychological resilience and significantly and negatively associated with caregiving burden.(2)Regarding differences in optimism,social support,psychological resilience,and caregiving burden among long-term care workers,females scored significantly higher than males in“social support;”married workers scored significantly higher than unmarried workers in“optimism,”“social support,”and“psychological resilience”;workers aged 45–65 scored significantly higher than those aged 25–45 in“optimism”;workers aged 25–45 scored significantly higher than those aged 45–65 in“caregiving burden”;social workers scored significantly higher than nursing staff in“optimism.”(3)Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and caregiving burden concerning explanatory and predictive power.Conclusions:These findings suggest that optimism,social support,and psychological resilience are essential factors in reducing the caregiving burden among long-term care workers.The study highlights the importance of promoting psychological resilience and providing social support to alleviate the burden of caregiving.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to reveal the insomnia burden and relevant influencing factors among informal caregivers(ICs)of hospitalized patients with lung cancer.Methods A cross-sectional study on ICs of hospitalized ...Objective This study aimed to reveal the insomnia burden and relevant influencing factors among informal caregivers(ICs)of hospitalized patients with lung cancer.Methods A cross-sectional study on ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer was conducted from December 31,2020 to December 31,2021.ICs’burden was assessed using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment(CRA),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI).Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors.Results Among 289 ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer,83(28.72%),53(18.34%),and 14(4.84%)ICs experienced mild,moderate,and severe insomnia,respectively.The scores concerning self-esteem,lack of family support,financial problems,disturbed schedule,and health problems were 4.32±0.53,2.24±0.79,2.84±1.14,3.63±0.77,and 2.44±0.95,respectively.ICs with higher Activities of Daily Living Scale(ADLS)scores were associated with a lower risk of insomnia,with an odd ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of 0.940(0.898–0.983).Among the ICs,female gender(OR=2.597),alcohol consumption(OR=3.745),underlying medical conditions(OR=11.765),long-term caregiving experience(OR=37.037),and higher monthly expenses(OR=5.714)were associated with a high risk of insomnia.Conclusion Of the hospitalized patients with lung cancer,51.9%experienced insomnia.Patients’ADL,ICs gender,alcohol consumption,underlying medical conditions,caregiving duration,and monthly expenses were influencing factors.Therefore,prompt screening and early intervention for ICs of patients with lung cancer is necessary.展开更多
BACKGROUND An acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is often treated with direct coronary intervention and requires home-based rehabilitation.Caregivers of patients with AMI need adequate social support to maintain high-qua...BACKGROUND An acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is often treated with direct coronary intervention and requires home-based rehabilitation.Caregivers of patients with AMI need adequate social support to maintain high-quality care;however,their social support function is low,and relevant indicators for intervention must be identified.AIM To analyze the correlation between social support for primary caregivers,their anxiety,and depression,when caring for patients with AMI after interventional therapy.METHODS Using convenience sampling,we selected 300 primary caregivers of patients with AMI who had undergone interventional therapy.The Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess the primary caregivers.A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the SSRS,SAS,and SDS,and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the low social support function of primary caregivers.The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the SAS and SDS for low social support function in primary caregivers.RESULTS Considering the norm among Chinese people,AMI caregivers’objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS scores were lower,while their SAS and SDS scores were higher.The SSRS scores of female caregivers were higher than those of the male caregivers(t=2.123,P=0.035).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS total scores were significantly correlated with both SAS(r=-0.414,-0.460,-0.416,-0.535)and SDS scores(r=-0.463,-0.379,-0.349,-0.472).Among the 300 AMI caregivers,56 cases(18.67%)had a low level of support function(SSRS≤22 points).Logistic regression model analysis showed that SAS and SDS were independent risk factors for low social support function of AMI caregivers,regardless of adjustment for other variables(P<0.05).SAS and SDS predicted that the AUC of AMI caregivers with low support function was 0.84,sensitivity was 67.9 and 71.4,and specificity was 84.0 and 70.9,respectively.CONCLUSION The social support function of the primary caregiver of patients with AMI after interventional therapy was lower and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression in the primary caregiver.展开更多
BACKGROUND Children with thalassemia need care from the first years of life owing to the physical and psychological effects of their disorder.Thalassemia is a concern not only for the children’s physical health but a...BACKGROUND Children with thalassemia need care from the first years of life owing to the physical and psychological effects of their disorder.Thalassemia is a concern not only for the children’s physical health but also the mental health of themselves and their caregivers.AIM To screen the psychosocial problems and assessment of psychiatric morbidities among thalassaemic children and their caretakers,along with an assessment of caregiver burden in them.METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study,children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia,were included and were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and global functioning.Their parents were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and the caregiver burden they faced.All the parents completed two different questionnaires to assess their knowledge about the psycho-social functioning[using Pediatric Symptom Checklist-35(PSC-35)]of their children and the level of the burden faced by them by Caregiver Burden Scale(CBS).RESULTS A total of 46 children(28 boys and 18 girls)with transfusion-dependent thalassemia with a mean age of 8.83±2.70 years and 46 parents(12 fathers and 34 mothers)were included in this study.More than 32 children had some psychosocial problems on screening by PSC-35.On assessment by CBS moderate caregiver burden was perceived in domains of general strain,isolation,disappointment,emotional involvement,and environment.A total of 65.3%of children and 62.7%of parents were diagnosed with psychiatric problems.CONCLUSION Thalassemia affects not only the persons with the disorder but also their caregivers in several aspects,including their psychosocial well-being.This study emphasizes the role of a supportive group in the psychological well-being of caregivers,which could be used to prevent the pathological effects of caregiver burden and enhance their psychological well-being through counselling.展开更多
Background:This study explored the personal recovery of consumers and their caregivers receiving the strength-based family intervention.Method:A three-year project was implemented with 43 dyads from 5 community psychi...Background:This study explored the personal recovery of consumers and their caregivers receiving the strength-based family intervention.Method:A three-year project was implemented with 43 dyads from 5 community psychiatric rehabilitation agencies in northern,central,and Southern Taiwan.This paper presents qualitative analysis with a focus on describing the experiences of personal recovery.To gain a deeper understanding of the participants’personal experiences and perspectives,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted on three occasions(six months after the inception of the experiment,18 months after,and when the participants left the services of this study).Over the three occasions,a total of 27 consumers and 28 caregivers were interviewed.Data analysis was conducted based on grounded theory.Results:Consumers expressed positive experiences in the domain of the recovery process(positive sense of self,taking responsibility,and better coping)and on the objective indicators of recovery(functioning,interpersonal interaction,and family relationship).Caregivers experienced lessened psychological burdens.They also revealed improvements to their sense of self(recovery process)and subjective indicators of recovery outcomes,including feeling empowered and having a better quality of life.Moreover,they had better interaction with consumers(objective domain of recovery).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the strength-based perspective is an acceptable,culturally-compatible approach among Chinese mental health consumers and their caregivers.The investigators suggest that additional resources would be necessary to support a change in the service system in Taiwan so that family-based services can be provided to promote the recovery of mental health consumers and their family caregivers.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the association and predictive capacities of job satisfaction,workplace stress,work motivation,and self-esteem on state of mental health of caregivers of children with disabilities in Sou...This study aimed to determine the association and predictive capacities of job satisfaction,workplace stress,work motivation,and self-esteem on state of mental health of caregivers of children with disabilities in South-West Nigeria.The self-determination theory provided a theoretical framework for the study.A closed-ended paper-pencil questionnaire tagged‘Mental Healthiness Scale for Caregivers’was used for data collection from 241 care-givers of children with disabilities.Data collected was analyzed using descriptive of frequency count,simple per-centage and mean as well as inferential statistics involving Pearson product moment correlation and Binary Logistic Regression at 95%confidence interval.Findings revealed a significant but inverse association between self-esteem,workplace stress and mental health.Work motivation had a direct association with mental health while job satisfaction had no significant association with mental health of caregivers of children with disabilities.Caregivers(18–40 years)had the highest odds for mental health concerns.Lowered self-esteem and workplace stress increased mental health concerns while job satisfaction significantly predicted a higher likelihood for posi-tive state of mental health among caregivers of children with disabilities.展开更多
Caregiver load refers to the subjective and objective negative impact of caregivers in the care of patients,and excessive load will have a serious impact on patients and caregivers themselves and can reduce their qual...Caregiver load refers to the subjective and objective negative impact of caregivers in the care of patients,and excessive load will have a serious impact on patients and caregivers themselves and can reduce their quality of life.For the main caregivers,it not only needs to care for the patients in life and daily life,but also needs to pay the cost of treatment for the patients,coupled with the need to carry out their own original work,life,etc.excessive life pressure,economic pressure,work pressure,emotional pressure,etc.lead to heavy load of the main caregivers,which can easily cause caregivers to have different degrees of psychological problems,which will cause serious adverse effects on the caregivers themselves and cancer patients,not conducive to the construction of a harmonious family and society.This article analyzes the current situation of primary caregiver burden in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors,analyzes its influencing factors,and specifies specific treatment strategies.It is hoped to provide scientific guidance for later related research and application.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of family psychosocial intervention on the mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CMB,Pub...Objective:To evaluate the effect of family psychosocial intervention on the mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CMB,PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Library,and PsycARTICLES was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials of family psychosocial intervention from database inception until 19 September 2021.RevMan(version 5.4.1)was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 894 caregivers participated in 11 studies.The analysis showed that anxiety(standardized mean difference[SMD]=−0.22,95%confidence interval[CI]=−0.37 to−0.07,P=0.004)and depression(SMD=−0.33,95%CI=−0.57 to−0.08,P=0.01)were significantly reduced,while family function(SMD=−0.86,95%CI=−1.28 to−0.45,P<0.001)was significantly improved by the family psychosocial intervention compared with the controls.According to subgroup analysis,family psychosocial interventions were found to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms when the follow-up time was>1 month(SMD=−0.48,95%CI=0.68 to−0.27,P<0.00001).Conclusions:Current evidence supports the use of family psychological intervention to reduce depression and anxiety and improve family function.However,its effect on PTSD symptoms requires further study.Future studies should further identify the role of specific family psychosocial interventions on families and caregivers of children with cancer.展开更多
Objective: This study examined the associations between anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers. Patients and Methods: Between ...Objective: This study examined the associations between anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers. Patients and Methods: Between May and September 2018, the data were collected from 61 patients and their caregivers. Demographic information of CHF patients was collected by questionnaires; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were used to assess CHF patient’s anxiety, depression and quality of life (QOL); the HADS, the Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FAMQOL) were used to assess primary caregivers’ anxiety, depression and QOL. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression were used in the statistical analysis. SPSS 17.0 was used to manage and perform statistical analyses. Results: Quality of life, anxiety, and depression of the patients and caregivers had significant positive correlations. Gender, quality of life, number of hospitalizations, duration of patients’ heart failure, and the quality of life of caregivers influenced patients’ anxiety. Gender, quality of life, relationship with the patient, and depression of caregivers influenced their anxiety. The quality of life and anxiety of patients influenced their depression. Daily caregiving time, anxiety, relationship with patients, and the patients’ heart function influenced caregivers’ depression. Conclusion: The patients and caregivers experienced anxiety and depression, which interacts and decreases their quality of life. It is important to regularly assess anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers.展开更多
Strokes and cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) and related disease events are an unfortunate circumstance that inflicts individuals around the world and impacts people every day as individuals and their caregivers. Th...Strokes and cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) and related disease events are an unfortunate circumstance that inflicts individuals around the world and impacts people every day as individuals and their caregivers. The consequences of these strokes or CVA events are life-changing for all those involved. As a result of long-term disability related to strokes, the caregiver may undergo many emotional, psychological, and physical factors that impact their daily lives. There is a relatively short period of time to react to the necessary change and as a result there may be differences in coping associated with these unexpected health circumstances. Many stoke victims experience motor, cognitive, emotional, and psycho-social deficits and their caregivers may not be prepared for these abrupt life altering effects. The impact for caregivers, factors impacting strokes, and solutions for care will be addressed in the paper. Evidence suggests that post fatigue stroke (PFS) may be triggered by a dysfunction of the stress system. Family caregivers with a low level of social engagement may be more likely to perceived stress, and increased risk for caregiver role strain.展开更多
As elderly people increasingly come to represent a higher proportion of the world’s population,various forms of dementia are becoming a significant chronic disease burden.The World Health Organization emphasizes deme...As elderly people increasingly come to represent a higher proportion of the world’s population,various forms of dementia are becoming a significant chronic disease burden.The World Health Organization emphasizes dementia care as a public health priority and calls for more support for family caregivers who commonly play a significant,central role in dementia care.Taking care of someone with dementia is a long-term responsibility that can be stressful and may lead to depression among family caregivers.Depression and related behavioral and cognitive changes among caregivers could in turn affect the status and prognosis of the dementia patient.This review article explores depression in dementia caregivers and summarizes proposed mechanisms,associated factors,management and research findings,and proposes future research directions.展开更多
Based on prior research, we hypothesized that staff in an outpatient clinic caring for an HIV patient population might rely on religious and spiritual frameworks to cope with the strains of their work and that their r...Based on prior research, we hypothesized that staff in an outpatient clinic caring for an HIV patient population might rely on religious and spiritual frameworks to cope with the strains of their work and that their responses to a spiritual and religious survey might reflect work-related spiritual distress. Surveys were completed by 78.7% of staff (n = 59). All respondents scored in the "moderate"range for religious and spiritual well-being as well as existential satisfaction with living. The large majority agreed that the religious and spiritual concerns of patients have a place in patient care. Nurses, (88.2% of nurse respondents) viewed assessing the spiritual needs of patients as their responsibility, (p = 0.03). While 82% of HIV clinic respondents privately prayed for patients always, often or sometimes, this did not include physicians. Physicians in this clinic setting appeared to be less spiritual and religious, based on their survey responses, than coworkers and than US physicians in general. The majority of clinic physicians (78%) believed that God does not suffer with the suffering patients, in contrast to the majority of support staff (69%) and nearly half of the nurses, who believed that God does suffer with them, (p = 0.018). Contrary to our expectation, respondents did not report work-related spiritual distress, which may be related to improved therapies that can prolong and improve patients’ lives. Survey data revealed, however, a surprising level of engagement in and reliance on spiritual and religious frameworks among nurses and support staff. Whether the absence of measured spiritual distress is linked, in a causal rather than random manner, to spiritual and religious reliance by certain of these health care providers, is unknown.展开更多
Purpose: This study examined the level of burden and the extent of support on family caregivers of people living with AIDS (PLWHA) in Calabar, South East Nigeria. Methods: A mixed method with cross sectional approach ...Purpose: This study examined the level of burden and the extent of support on family caregivers of people living with AIDS (PLWHA) in Calabar, South East Nigeria. Methods: A mixed method with cross sectional approach was used. Purposive sampling technique guided the recruitment process and data collection methods included, semi-structured questionnaires and focusing group discussion. 260 respondents participated in the study. The quantitative data were mined with the aid of SPSS and the qualitative data were analysed with the aid of NVivo8 using thematic analysis. Results: Results indicated high level of burden with limited support to caregivers. A Chi-square value of 25.1 was obtained at P < 0.05, suggesting a significant relationship between availability of support and caregivers burden. This relationship was supported by the themes of physical, social, emotional and financial burden for the caregivers. Similarly, information on coping skills, emotional support, financial assistance and help with caregiving themes emerged for social support. Conclusion: In Nigeria, the burden of caring for HIV/AIDS patients has a remarkable impact on family caregivers. This calls for the development of policies that can systematically address the needs of family caregivers in order to ameliorate the negative consequences of caregiving for PLWHA.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the status of caregiver burden and influencing factors among family caregivers in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients under the background of coronavirus disease 2019, and to provide refe...Objective: To investigate the status of caregiver burden and influencing factors among family caregivers in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients under the background of coronavirus disease 2019, and to provide references for nursing intervention. Methods: From May to August 2020, 237 convenient samples were recruited from the Hemodialysis Centers of The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Questionnaires were conducted with the General Information Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caregiver burden. Results: The score of ZBI among the caregivers was (36.05 ± 14.09). The ZBI of family caregivers was negatively correlated with SOC-13 and PSSS (P < 0.01). Multiple regression results showed that professional status of MHD patients, activity of MHD patients, comprehensibility, manageability and other support were the main influencing factors of their caregiver burden (P < 0.01), which explained 44.4% of the variance. Conclusion: The caregiver burden among family caregivers of MHD patients was above average under the background of COVID-19, which indicated that they felt more burden in the process of caring. Medical staff could give targeted support and guidance in combination with their influencing factors to reduce their caregiver burden further.展开更多
Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity su...Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study aimed to assess the burden and psychosocial impact of spinal cord injury on the immediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City,Edo State.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted among 73 family caregivers in the neurological ward of a tertiary health facility using a structured questionnaire as instrument of data collection.Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.Results:Findings revealed that an overall mean of 2.73 indicates that the burden on the caregivers was moderate with a moderate psychological impact(m=2.88)and a high sociological impact(m=3.12).Factors affecting the caregiving provided by immediate caregivers include social and household responsibilities(94.5%),financial situation(89.0%),family support(83.6%),and health status of the caregiver(80.8%).Age(odds ratio[OR]=5.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.23-27.17,P=0.027),education(OR=3.75,95%CI:1.05-13.39,P=0.041),and“others”(spouses,siblings,friends,or extended family members)(OR=3.167,95%CI:1.583-6.337,P=0.001)were predictors for high psychological impact while education(OR=0.074;95%CI:0.015-0.370,P=0.001)and caregiving role(OR=3.167;95%CI:0.1.583-6.337,P=0.001)high sociological impact.Conclusion:Majority of the caregivers experience moderate burden,moderate psychological impact,and high sociological impact.Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and support services to address the unique needs of caregivers and mitigate the burden of caregiving on their psychosocial health.
文摘Background: The community tuberculosis care program was started to reduce the impact of TB and increase successful treatment outcomes, thus contributing to meeting WHO targets on TB. According to the Botswana Ministry of Health, community tuberculosis care was introduced with the main goal of reducing tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among communities through the expansion of direct observed therapy and community involvement to community settings. The community caregivers were to support tuberculosis patients throughout their treatment period until they were cured or had completed their treatment. Settings: Two major cities of Botswana, Francistown and Gaborone, with more than twenty-two health clinics offering tuberculosis care. Objective: To investigate community caregivers’ experiences and identify programmatic strategies to improve active TB case findings under the community TB care (CTBC) program in Botswana during 2016-2021. Methods: We adopted a descriptive qualitative research design, followed by convenience purposive sampling. We obtained consent and interviewed 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 16 out of 73 in Gaborone and 24 out of 38 from Francistown. Results: We interviewed 40 caregivers with a mean age of 43.4 years. Accepting the caregiving role was identified as the main experience by more than two thirds of the caregivers. While at least more than two-fifth felt obligated to care for the patient at home due to personal relations. More than half of the respondents found caregiving difficult or frustrating due to some challenges encountered during the caregiving role. Behavioral modifications were suggested under different subthemes as strategies to improve active case finding. [-rId13-]Conclusion: Acceptance was the major experience in CTBC. Intensification of known programmatic strategies was suggested by caregivers to improve tuberculosis active case finding in CTBC.
文摘The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing factors,and intervention strategies for the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors will be examined in this paper.To improve the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors,it is recommended that future studies enhance the number of intervention research methods and establish particular evaluation tools.
文摘Objective:The study reviews status,main time nodes and hospital discharge services for family caregivers of children with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary artery aneurysm to provide references for the development of hospital discharge preparation services for medical personnel and patients.Background:CAL of Kawasaki disease is the main cause of acquired heart disease in children,but there is not enough research on the readiness for hospital discharge.Design:Systematic review of observational and interventional studies.
基金Baoding City Science and Technology Plan Self-Funded Project(Project Number 2341ZF356)。
文摘This article aims to discuss the current state and research progress concerning the mental health of caregivers for surgical oncology patients.The goal is to offer insights that can serve as a reference for further enhancements in caregivers’mental well-being.This article conducts a comprehensive review and analysis of recent studies on the mental health of caregivers for patients undergoing oncologic surgery.These studies reveal that caregivers commonly grapple with mental health issues,including anxiety,depression,and stress.These problems are closely linked to the stress of the patient’s condition and treatment,the caregiver’s own mental strain,and a lack of social support.In addition,the mental health status of caregivers significantly influences the patient’s treatment and recovery process.Implementing various interventions,such as mental health education,services,the establishment of mental health support teams,and engagement in mental health promotion activities,can contribute to the improvement of caregivers’mental well-being.This,in turn,has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and the overall quality of life for patients.
文摘Background:As the elderly population grows,the demand for long-term care services is increasing.Despite significant investments in care quality and workforce training,long-term care workers often face challenges such as work fatigue,heavy workloads,and inadequate support.These issues can impact job satisfaction,mental health,and care quality,leading to staff turnover.This study examines how optimism,social support,and psychological resilience relate to caregiving burden,aiming to understand their effects on caregivers’well-being and performance to enhance the quality of long-term care services.Methods:The participants were 542 long-term care workers.Descriptive statistics,t-tests,one-way ANOVA,and hierarchical regression were used for data analysis.Results:(1)Optimism and social support were significantly and positively correlated with psychological resilience and significantly and negatively associated with caregiving burden.(2)Regarding differences in optimism,social support,psychological resilience,and caregiving burden among long-term care workers,females scored significantly higher than males in“social support;”married workers scored significantly higher than unmarried workers in“optimism,”“social support,”and“psychological resilience”;workers aged 45–65 scored significantly higher than those aged 25–45 in“optimism”;workers aged 25–45 scored significantly higher than those aged 45–65 in“caregiving burden”;social workers scored significantly higher than nursing staff in“optimism.”(3)Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and caregiving burden concerning explanatory and predictive power.Conclusions:These findings suggest that optimism,social support,and psychological resilience are essential factors in reducing the caregiving burden among long-term care workers.The study highlights the importance of promoting psychological resilience and providing social support to alleviate the burden of caregiving.
基金supported by Technical field fund of the basic strengthening plan of the military science and Technology Commission[2021-JCJQ-JJ-0528]The Project of Beijing Science and Technology“capital characteristics”[Z181100001718007]+1 种基金Construction project of military medical teaching at PLA Medical College[145bxl090009000x]Central Military Health Care Commission[20BJZ46].
文摘Objective This study aimed to reveal the insomnia burden and relevant influencing factors among informal caregivers(ICs)of hospitalized patients with lung cancer.Methods A cross-sectional study on ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer was conducted from December 31,2020 to December 31,2021.ICs’burden was assessed using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment(CRA),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI).Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors.Results Among 289 ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer,83(28.72%),53(18.34%),and 14(4.84%)ICs experienced mild,moderate,and severe insomnia,respectively.The scores concerning self-esteem,lack of family support,financial problems,disturbed schedule,and health problems were 4.32±0.53,2.24±0.79,2.84±1.14,3.63±0.77,and 2.44±0.95,respectively.ICs with higher Activities of Daily Living Scale(ADLS)scores were associated with a lower risk of insomnia,with an odd ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of 0.940(0.898–0.983).Among the ICs,female gender(OR=2.597),alcohol consumption(OR=3.745),underlying medical conditions(OR=11.765),long-term caregiving experience(OR=37.037),and higher monthly expenses(OR=5.714)were associated with a high risk of insomnia.Conclusion Of the hospitalized patients with lung cancer,51.9%experienced insomnia.Patients’ADL,ICs gender,alcohol consumption,underlying medical conditions,caregiving duration,and monthly expenses were influencing factors.Therefore,prompt screening and early intervention for ICs of patients with lung cancer is necessary.
基金The study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University(approval No.WXSY-YXLL-AF/SC-02/01.0).
文摘BACKGROUND An acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is often treated with direct coronary intervention and requires home-based rehabilitation.Caregivers of patients with AMI need adequate social support to maintain high-quality care;however,their social support function is low,and relevant indicators for intervention must be identified.AIM To analyze the correlation between social support for primary caregivers,their anxiety,and depression,when caring for patients with AMI after interventional therapy.METHODS Using convenience sampling,we selected 300 primary caregivers of patients with AMI who had undergone interventional therapy.The Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess the primary caregivers.A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the SSRS,SAS,and SDS,and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the low social support function of primary caregivers.The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the SAS and SDS for low social support function in primary caregivers.RESULTS Considering the norm among Chinese people,AMI caregivers’objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS scores were lower,while their SAS and SDS scores were higher.The SSRS scores of female caregivers were higher than those of the male caregivers(t=2.123,P=0.035).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS total scores were significantly correlated with both SAS(r=-0.414,-0.460,-0.416,-0.535)and SDS scores(r=-0.463,-0.379,-0.349,-0.472).Among the 300 AMI caregivers,56 cases(18.67%)had a low level of support function(SSRS≤22 points).Logistic regression model analysis showed that SAS and SDS were independent risk factors for low social support function of AMI caregivers,regardless of adjustment for other variables(P<0.05).SAS and SDS predicted that the AUC of AMI caregivers with low support function was 0.84,sensitivity was 67.9 and 71.4,and specificity was 84.0 and 70.9,respectively.CONCLUSION The social support function of the primary caregiver of patients with AMI after interventional therapy was lower and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression in the primary caregiver.
文摘BACKGROUND Children with thalassemia need care from the first years of life owing to the physical and psychological effects of their disorder.Thalassemia is a concern not only for the children’s physical health but also the mental health of themselves and their caregivers.AIM To screen the psychosocial problems and assessment of psychiatric morbidities among thalassaemic children and their caretakers,along with an assessment of caregiver burden in them.METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study,children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia,were included and were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and global functioning.Their parents were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and the caregiver burden they faced.All the parents completed two different questionnaires to assess their knowledge about the psycho-social functioning[using Pediatric Symptom Checklist-35(PSC-35)]of their children and the level of the burden faced by them by Caregiver Burden Scale(CBS).RESULTS A total of 46 children(28 boys and 18 girls)with transfusion-dependent thalassemia with a mean age of 8.83±2.70 years and 46 parents(12 fathers and 34 mothers)were included in this study.More than 32 children had some psychosocial problems on screening by PSC-35.On assessment by CBS moderate caregiver burden was perceived in domains of general strain,isolation,disappointment,emotional involvement,and environment.A total of 65.3%of children and 62.7%of parents were diagnosed with psychiatric problems.CONCLUSION Thalassemia affects not only the persons with the disorder but also their caregivers in several aspects,including their psychosocial well-being.This study emphasizes the role of a supportive group in the psychological well-being of caregivers,which could be used to prevent the pathological effects of caregiver burden and enhance their psychological well-being through counselling.
文摘Background:This study explored the personal recovery of consumers and their caregivers receiving the strength-based family intervention.Method:A three-year project was implemented with 43 dyads from 5 community psychiatric rehabilitation agencies in northern,central,and Southern Taiwan.This paper presents qualitative analysis with a focus on describing the experiences of personal recovery.To gain a deeper understanding of the participants’personal experiences and perspectives,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted on three occasions(six months after the inception of the experiment,18 months after,and when the participants left the services of this study).Over the three occasions,a total of 27 consumers and 28 caregivers were interviewed.Data analysis was conducted based on grounded theory.Results:Consumers expressed positive experiences in the domain of the recovery process(positive sense of self,taking responsibility,and better coping)and on the objective indicators of recovery(functioning,interpersonal interaction,and family relationship).Caregivers experienced lessened psychological burdens.They also revealed improvements to their sense of self(recovery process)and subjective indicators of recovery outcomes,including feeling empowered and having a better quality of life.Moreover,they had better interaction with consumers(objective domain of recovery).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the strength-based perspective is an acceptable,culturally-compatible approach among Chinese mental health consumers and their caregivers.The investigators suggest that additional resources would be necessary to support a change in the service system in Taiwan so that family-based services can be provided to promote the recovery of mental health consumers and their family caregivers.
文摘This study aimed to determine the association and predictive capacities of job satisfaction,workplace stress,work motivation,and self-esteem on state of mental health of caregivers of children with disabilities in South-West Nigeria.The self-determination theory provided a theoretical framework for the study.A closed-ended paper-pencil questionnaire tagged‘Mental Healthiness Scale for Caregivers’was used for data collection from 241 care-givers of children with disabilities.Data collected was analyzed using descriptive of frequency count,simple per-centage and mean as well as inferential statistics involving Pearson product moment correlation and Binary Logistic Regression at 95%confidence interval.Findings revealed a significant but inverse association between self-esteem,workplace stress and mental health.Work motivation had a direct association with mental health while job satisfaction had no significant association with mental health of caregivers of children with disabilities.Caregivers(18–40 years)had the highest odds for mental health concerns.Lowered self-esteem and workplace stress increased mental health concerns while job satisfaction significantly predicted a higher likelihood for posi-tive state of mental health among caregivers of children with disabilities.
文摘Caregiver load refers to the subjective and objective negative impact of caregivers in the care of patients,and excessive load will have a serious impact on patients and caregivers themselves and can reduce their quality of life.For the main caregivers,it not only needs to care for the patients in life and daily life,but also needs to pay the cost of treatment for the patients,coupled with the need to carry out their own original work,life,etc.excessive life pressure,economic pressure,work pressure,emotional pressure,etc.lead to heavy load of the main caregivers,which can easily cause caregivers to have different degrees of psychological problems,which will cause serious adverse effects on the caregivers themselves and cancer patients,not conducive to the construction of a harmonious family and society.This article analyzes the current situation of primary caregiver burden in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors,analyzes its influencing factors,and specifies specific treatment strategies.It is hoped to provide scientific guidance for later related research and application.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation,China(No.72004167)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGF21G010007).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of family psychosocial intervention on the mental health and family function of caregivers of children with cancer.Methods:A comprehensive literature search of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CMB,PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Library,and PsycARTICLES was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials of family psychosocial intervention from database inception until 19 September 2021.RevMan(version 5.4.1)was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 894 caregivers participated in 11 studies.The analysis showed that anxiety(standardized mean difference[SMD]=−0.22,95%confidence interval[CI]=−0.37 to−0.07,P=0.004)and depression(SMD=−0.33,95%CI=−0.57 to−0.08,P=0.01)were significantly reduced,while family function(SMD=−0.86,95%CI=−1.28 to−0.45,P<0.001)was significantly improved by the family psychosocial intervention compared with the controls.According to subgroup analysis,family psychosocial interventions were found to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms when the follow-up time was>1 month(SMD=−0.48,95%CI=0.68 to−0.27,P<0.00001).Conclusions:Current evidence supports the use of family psychological intervention to reduce depression and anxiety and improve family function.However,its effect on PTSD symptoms requires further study.Future studies should further identify the role of specific family psychosocial interventions on families and caregivers of children with cancer.
文摘Objective: This study examined the associations between anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers. Patients and Methods: Between May and September 2018, the data were collected from 61 patients and their caregivers. Demographic information of CHF patients was collected by questionnaires; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were used to assess CHF patient’s anxiety, depression and quality of life (QOL); the HADS, the Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FAMQOL) were used to assess primary caregivers’ anxiety, depression and QOL. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression were used in the statistical analysis. SPSS 17.0 was used to manage and perform statistical analyses. Results: Quality of life, anxiety, and depression of the patients and caregivers had significant positive correlations. Gender, quality of life, number of hospitalizations, duration of patients’ heart failure, and the quality of life of caregivers influenced patients’ anxiety. Gender, quality of life, relationship with the patient, and depression of caregivers influenced their anxiety. The quality of life and anxiety of patients influenced their depression. Daily caregiving time, anxiety, relationship with patients, and the patients’ heart function influenced caregivers’ depression. Conclusion: The patients and caregivers experienced anxiety and depression, which interacts and decreases their quality of life. It is important to regularly assess anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers.
文摘Strokes and cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) and related disease events are an unfortunate circumstance that inflicts individuals around the world and impacts people every day as individuals and their caregivers. The consequences of these strokes or CVA events are life-changing for all those involved. As a result of long-term disability related to strokes, the caregiver may undergo many emotional, psychological, and physical factors that impact their daily lives. There is a relatively short period of time to react to the necessary change and as a result there may be differences in coping associated with these unexpected health circumstances. Many stoke victims experience motor, cognitive, emotional, and psycho-social deficits and their caregivers may not be prepared for these abrupt life altering effects. The impact for caregivers, factors impacting strokes, and solutions for care will be addressed in the paper. Evidence suggests that post fatigue stroke (PFS) may be triggered by a dysfunction of the stress system. Family caregivers with a low level of social engagement may be more likely to perceived stress, and increased risk for caregiver role strain.
文摘As elderly people increasingly come to represent a higher proportion of the world’s population,various forms of dementia are becoming a significant chronic disease burden.The World Health Organization emphasizes dementia care as a public health priority and calls for more support for family caregivers who commonly play a significant,central role in dementia care.Taking care of someone with dementia is a long-term responsibility that can be stressful and may lead to depression among family caregivers.Depression and related behavioral and cognitive changes among caregivers could in turn affect the status and prognosis of the dementia patient.This review article explores depression in dementia caregivers and summarizes proposed mechanisms,associated factors,management and research findings,and proposes future research directions.
文摘Based on prior research, we hypothesized that staff in an outpatient clinic caring for an HIV patient population might rely on religious and spiritual frameworks to cope with the strains of their work and that their responses to a spiritual and religious survey might reflect work-related spiritual distress. Surveys were completed by 78.7% of staff (n = 59). All respondents scored in the "moderate"range for religious and spiritual well-being as well as existential satisfaction with living. The large majority agreed that the religious and spiritual concerns of patients have a place in patient care. Nurses, (88.2% of nurse respondents) viewed assessing the spiritual needs of patients as their responsibility, (p = 0.03). While 82% of HIV clinic respondents privately prayed for patients always, often or sometimes, this did not include physicians. Physicians in this clinic setting appeared to be less spiritual and religious, based on their survey responses, than coworkers and than US physicians in general. The majority of clinic physicians (78%) believed that God does not suffer with the suffering patients, in contrast to the majority of support staff (69%) and nearly half of the nurses, who believed that God does suffer with them, (p = 0.018). Contrary to our expectation, respondents did not report work-related spiritual distress, which may be related to improved therapies that can prolong and improve patients’ lives. Survey data revealed, however, a surprising level of engagement in and reliance on spiritual and religious frameworks among nurses and support staff. Whether the absence of measured spiritual distress is linked, in a causal rather than random manner, to spiritual and religious reliance by certain of these health care providers, is unknown.
文摘Purpose: This study examined the level of burden and the extent of support on family caregivers of people living with AIDS (PLWHA) in Calabar, South East Nigeria. Methods: A mixed method with cross sectional approach was used. Purposive sampling technique guided the recruitment process and data collection methods included, semi-structured questionnaires and focusing group discussion. 260 respondents participated in the study. The quantitative data were mined with the aid of SPSS and the qualitative data were analysed with the aid of NVivo8 using thematic analysis. Results: Results indicated high level of burden with limited support to caregivers. A Chi-square value of 25.1 was obtained at P < 0.05, suggesting a significant relationship between availability of support and caregivers burden. This relationship was supported by the themes of physical, social, emotional and financial burden for the caregivers. Similarly, information on coping skills, emotional support, financial assistance and help with caregiving themes emerged for social support. Conclusion: In Nigeria, the burden of caring for HIV/AIDS patients has a remarkable impact on family caregivers. This calls for the development of policies that can systematically address the needs of family caregivers in order to ameliorate the negative consequences of caregiving for PLWHA.
基金This research has received support from Health Commission of Hubei Provincial(No.LHHL2020ZD-02)Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University(No.HL2021ZC-02).
文摘Objective: To investigate the status of caregiver burden and influencing factors among family caregivers in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients under the background of coronavirus disease 2019, and to provide references for nursing intervention. Methods: From May to August 2020, 237 convenient samples were recruited from the Hemodialysis Centers of The Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Questionnaires were conducted with the General Information Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caregiver burden. Results: The score of ZBI among the caregivers was (36.05 ± 14.09). The ZBI of family caregivers was negatively correlated with SOC-13 and PSSS (P < 0.01). Multiple regression results showed that professional status of MHD patients, activity of MHD patients, comprehensibility, manageability and other support were the main influencing factors of their caregiver burden (P < 0.01), which explained 44.4% of the variance. Conclusion: The caregiver burden among family caregivers of MHD patients was above average under the background of COVID-19, which indicated that they felt more burden in the process of caring. Medical staff could give targeted support and guidance in combination with their influencing factors to reduce their caregiver burden further.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the librarians at the Institute of Technology Tralee,Co.Kerry,Ireland.
文摘Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.
