The state-selective cross section data are useful for understanding and modeling the x-ray emission in celestial observations.In the present work,using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy,for the first ti...The state-selective cross section data are useful for understanding and modeling the x-ray emission in celestial observations.In the present work,using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy,for the first time we investigated the state-selective single electron capture processes for S^(q+)–He and H_(2)(q=11–15)collision systems at an impact energy of q×20 keV and obtained the relative state-selective cross sections.The results indicate that only a few principal quantum states of the projectile energy level are populated in a single electron capture process.In particular,the increase of the projectile charge state leads to the population of the states with higher principal quantum numbers.It is also shown that the experimental averaged n-shell populations are reproduced well by the over-barrier model.The database is openly available in Science Data Bank at 10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00091.展开更多
Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new mater...Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.展开更多
Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the...Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils.However,the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown.In this study,we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field.However,the yield stresses were reduced obviously.We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened.To verify this hypothesis,a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out,i.e.,by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field,including electrically-neutral colloidal particles(Fe3O4),charged colloidal particles(resins),and oil-soluble electrolyte(C22H14CoO4),respectively,and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field,charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles,and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface.The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network,and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles.This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization.展开更多
The pseudo-rapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in the asymmetric collision systems p+Al,p+Au and ^(3)He+Au at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV are evaluated in the framework of a fireball model with Tsallis th...The pseudo-rapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in the asymmetric collision systems p+Al,p+Au and ^(3)He+Au at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV are evaluated in the framework of a fireball model with Tsallis thermodynamics.The fireball model assumes that the experimentally measured particles are produced by fireballs following the Tsallis distribution and it can effectively describe the experimental data.Our results as well as previous results for d+Au collisions at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV and p+Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=5.02 TeV TeV validate that the fireball model based on Tsallis thermodynamics can provide a universal framework for pseudo-rapidity distribution of the charged particles produced in asymmetric collision systems.We predict the centrality dependence of the total charged particle multiplicity in the p+Al,p+Au and 3He+Au collisions.Additionally,the dependences of the fireball model parameters(y_(0a),y_(0A),σ_(a) and σ_(A))on the centrality and system size are studied.展开更多
Dielectronic recombination(DR)is one of the dominant electron-ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions(HCIs)in cosmic plasmas,and thus,it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balanc...Dielectronic recombination(DR)is one of the dominant electron-ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions(HCIs)in cosmic plasmas,and thus,it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein.To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas,precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources.The main cooler storage ring(CSRm)and the experimental cooler storage ring(CSRe)at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)are both equipped with electron cooling devices,which provide an excellent experimental platform for electron-ion collision studies for HCIs.Here,the status of the DR experiments at the HIRFL-CSR is outlined,and the DR measurements with Na-like Kr25^(+)ions at the CSRm and CSRe are taken as examples.In addition,the plasma recombination rate coefficients for Ar12^(+),14^(+),Ca14^(+),16^(+),17^(+),Ni19^(+),and Kr25^(+)ions obtained at the HIRFL-CSR are provided.All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00092.展开更多
The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)si...The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with the ion extraction process in a laser-induced plasma as the major research background.Based on the theoretical analyses,the transport process of the charged particles including electrons and ions can be divided into three stages:electron oscillation and ion matrix sheath extraction stage,sheath expansion and ion rarefaction wave propagation stage and the plasma collapse stage,and the corresponding criterion for each stage is also presented.Consequently,a complete analytical model is established for describing the ion extraction flux at each stage during the decaying of the laser-induced plasmas under an electrostatic field,which is also validated by the PIC modeling results.Based on this analytical model,influences of the key physical parameters,including the initial electron temperature and number density,plasma width and the externally applied electric voltage,on the ratio of the extracted ions are predicted.The calculated results show that a higher applied electric potential,smaller initial plasma number density and plasma width lead to a higher ratio of the extracted ions during the first stage;while in this stage,the initial electron temperature shows little effect on it.Meanwhile,more ions will be extracted before the plasma collapse once a higher electric potential is applied.The theoretical model presented in this paper is helpful not only for a deep understanding to the charged particle transport mechanisms for a bounded decaying plasma under an applied electrostatic field,but also for an optimization of the ion extraction process in practical applications.展开更多
Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics ...Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics in fusion and astrophysical plasmas. In this work, we mainly focus on reviewing our two projects performed in the past decade. One is about the ions with Z■30 that are generally of astrophysical interest, and the other one is about the highly charged krypton(Z = 36)and tungsten(Z = 74) ions that are relevant in research of magnetic confinement fusion. Two different and independent methods, namely, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory(RMBPT) are usually used in our studies. As a complement/extension to our previous works for highly charged tungsten ions with open M-shell and open N-shell, we also mainly focus on presenting and discussing our complete RMBPT and MCDHF calculations for the excitation energies, wavelengths, electric dipole(E1), magnetic dipole(M1), electric quadrupole(E2), and magnetic quadrupole(M2) transition properties, and level lifetimes for the lowest 148 levels belonging to the 3l3configurations in Al-like W61+. We also summarize the uncertainties of our systematical theoretical calculations, by cross-checking/validating our datasets from our RMBPT and MCDHF calculations, and by detailed comparisons with available accurate observations and other theoretical calculations. The data are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10569.展开更多
Spectral line widths produced by collisions between charged particles and emitters are of special interest for precise plasma spectroscopy.The highly charged Ar XV ion is demonstrated to have strong intrashell electro...Spectral line widths produced by collisions between charged particles and emitters are of special interest for precise plasma spectroscopy.The highly charged Ar XV ion is demonstrated to have strong intrashell electron interactions,which manifest as an atomic system with many resonance structures,due to the quasi-degeneracy of orbital energies.In this paper we use the relativistic R-matrix method to investigate the electron-impact broadening of highly charged Ar XV ion spectral lines under the impact approximation.It is found that the results considering resonance structures are significantly different from those of the distorted wave approach.Furthermore,we propose a new empirical formula with a correction term to take into account the effect of resonances for electron-impact widths over a relatively wide range of plasma conditions.The corresponding fitting parameters of the new empirical formula for all 47 calculated transitions are also given with an estimated accuracy within 1%,which should be convenient for practical applications.The dataset that supported the findings of this study is available in Science Data Bank,with the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00101.展开更多
In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarl...In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarly charged and coagulated in the same alternating electric field simultaneously. The silica flour with 2 μm mass median diameter and the smoke from burning wood powder were used as test aerosol. The comparison experimental results have shown that when the mean electric field is 4 kV/cm the collection efficiency of the new electrostatic agglomerator was 98.2% for silica flour and 67.4% for wood powder smoke. Under the same experimental condition, the collection efficiency of the electrostatic agglomerator with three zones was 97.4% for collecting silica flour and the collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator was 56.3% for wood powder smoke.展开更多
Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zw...Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zwitterionic materials,nucleic acids,proteins,biomembranes and etc.,where the electrostatic interactions are of special significance.Several methods have been available for treating the electrostatic interactions in explicit and implicit solvent models.Accurate and efficient treatment of such interactions has therefore always been one of the most challenging issues in classical molecular dynamics simulations due to their inhomogeneity and long-range characteristics.Currently,two major challenges remain in the application field of electrostatic interactions in molecular simulations;(i)improving the representation of electrostatic interactions while reducing the computational costs in molecular simulations;(ii)revealing the role of electrostatic interactions in regulating the specific properties of complex fluids.In this review,the calculation methods of electrostatic interactions,including basic principles,applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared.Subsequently,the specific role of electrostatic interactions in governing the properties and behaviors of different complex fluids is emphasized and explained.Finally,challenges and perspective on the computational study of charged systems are given.展开更多
This paper presents a new hybrid approach that combines Modified Priority List (MPL) with Charged System Search (CSS), termed MPL-CSS, to solve one of the most crucial power system’s operational optimization problems...This paper presents a new hybrid approach that combines Modified Priority List (MPL) with Charged System Search (CSS), termed MPL-CSS, to solve one of the most crucial power system’s operational optimization problems, known as unit commitment (UC) scheduling. The UC scheduling problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, highly-dimensional and extremely constrained. Existing meta-heuristic UC solution methods have the problems of stopping at a local optimum and slow convergence when applied to large-scale, heavily-constrained UC applications. In the first step of the proposed method, initial hourly optimum solutions of UC are obtained by Modified Priority List (MPL);however, the obtained UC solution may still be possible to be further improved. Therefore, in the second step, the CSS is utilized to achieve higher quality solutions. The UC is formulated as mixed integer linear programming to ensure the tractability of the results. The proposed method is successfully applied to a popular test system up to 100 units generators for both 24-hr and 168-hr system. Computational results show that both solution cost and execution time are superior to those of published methods.展开更多
Every individuals expose to the lisk of conventional immunodeficiency in daily life with both internal and externals. In a series of investigation, we have been assessed the various health promoting menu such as hot s...Every individuals expose to the lisk of conventional immunodeficiency in daily life with both internal and externals. In a series of investigation, we have been assessed the various health promoting menu such as hot spring hydrotherapy, acupuncture & moxibution, light excurse, evidenced Control water western medicine technique. In this report, we try to investigate the regulatory effect of hydrotherapy by activated water molecule as our representative menu under the influence of hypothalamus system. We set up both animal and human model for assessment of hydrotherapy. Before starting experimental assessment, six males and females seven-week-old ddY mice, are used for the acute oral toxicity study. There is no sign for toxicity as judged by body weight, organ inspection by veterinary doctor. Next, young ddY mice are experimentally induced diabetes and immune-deficient status by administrating cancer chemotherapeutic agent, Streptzotosin. Charged Water was evident to control the blood sugar level compared to the Control Water group together with conventional control group. Both experimental group of mice wear statistically significant for recovery from blood sugar level and antibody secreting cell both IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell. We confirm also activated water group delivered the granulocyte that slow down the oxidative stress by super oxide.展开更多
The nonlinear propagation of the DIA (dust ion-acoustic) waves in multi-ion dense plasma system containing degener- ate electrons, both positive and negative ions, arbitrary charged dust grains has been investigated b...The nonlinear propagation of the DIA (dust ion-acoustic) waves in multi-ion dense plasma system containing degener- ate electrons, both positive and negative ions, arbitrary charged dust grains has been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The nonlinear waves (solitary and shock waves) have been observed to be formed in case of both positive and negative charged dust grains from the stationary solution of the Korteweg de-Vries (K-dV) equation and Burger’s equation. The fundamental properties of such nonlinear waves have been theoretically analyzed by comparing system potential for both positive and negative dust grains. It has been shown that the basic features of these waves are significantly modified by the positive and negative ions drift speed and polarities of dust grains. The implications of our results in space and laboratory plasmas are briefly discussed.展开更多
Evolution of spatial distribution of charged particulates under the action of an external force is investigated.It is found that starting from a homogeneous Maxwellian distribution of particulates,clusters can form an...Evolution of spatial distribution of charged particulates under the action of an external force is investigated.It is found that starting from a homogeneous Maxwellian distribution of particulates,clusters can form and aggregate.The evolution process,as well as the asymptotic number and configuration of the clusters formed,depends strongly on the strength of the external force.The particulates in most of the final clusters are in the crystal state,as can also be deduced from the corresponding velocity and auto-correlation functions.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been carried out to investigate its spread, with a wide range of factors to understand the influence o...<strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been carried out to investigate its spread, with a wide range of factors to understand the influence of the factors that contribute to its spread and to reduce the ongoing threat of COVID-19 pandemic. <strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the relationships between the Earth’s electric field and cosmic ray charged particles of different energy ranges and the daily confirmed COVID-19 infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have been investigated using non-parametric statistical tests. The data covered the period between 3 April 2020 and 1<sup>st </sup>August 2021 and were obtained from the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) CARPET detector, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The electric fields data were obtained from electric field monitor (EFM) deployed on the rooftop of the KACST laboratory. The data of the daily COVID-19 cases were obtained from the official webpage of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH). <strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that that the number of COVID-19 cases is correlated with cosmic ray charged particles and anti-correlated with the Earth’s electric field. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the exact mechanism explaining the influence of Earth’s electric field and cosmic rays variations on the reported number of COVID-19 cases is not yet established, the results presented in this study can add additional knowledge to our understanding of the effects of additional factors on influenza activities.展开更多
This paper discusses the effect that conformal symmetry can have on a charged wormhole. The analysis yields a physical interpretation of the conformal factor in terms of the electric charge. The rate of change of the ...This paper discusses the effect that conformal symmetry can have on a charged wormhole. The analysis yields a physical interpretation of the conformal factor in terms of the electric charge. The rate of change of the conformal factor determines much of the outcome, which ranges from having no solution to wormholes having either one or two throats.展开更多
In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged flu...In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged fluid within it. The charge and electric field intensity are zero at the center and monotonically increasing towards the boundary of the fluid ball. Besides these, adiabatic index is also increasing towards the boundary and becomes infinite on it. All other physical quantities such as pressure, density, adiabatic speed of sound, charge density, adiabatic index are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Causality condition is obeyed at the center of ball. In the limiting case of vanishingly small charge, the solution degenerates into Schwarzchild uniform density solution for electrically neutral fluid. The solution joins smoothly to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution over the boundary. We have constructed a neutron star model by assuming the surface density . The mass of the neutron star comes with radius 14.574 km.展开更多
The addition of electrons to form gas-phase multiply charged anions(MCAs)normally requires sophisticated experiments or calculations.In this work,the factors stabilizing the MCAs,the maximum electron uptake of gas-pha...The addition of electrons to form gas-phase multiply charged anions(MCAs)normally requires sophisticated experiments or calculations.In this work,the factors stabilizing the MCAs,the maximum electron uptake of gas-phase molecules,X,and the electronic stability of MCAs X^(Q-),are discussed.The drawbacks encountered when applying computational and/or conceptual density functional theory(DFT)to MCAs are highlighted.We develop and test a different model based on the valence-state concept.As in DFT,the electronic energy,E(N,v_(ex)),is a continuous function of the average electron number,N,and the external potential,v_(ex),of the nuclei.The valence-state-parabola is a second-order polynomial that allows extending E(N,v_(ex))to dianions and higher MCAs.The model expresses the maximum electron acceptance,Q_(max),and the higher electron affinities,A_Q,as simple functions of the firstelectron affinity,A_1,and the ionization energy,I,of the"ancestor"system.Thus,the maximum electron acceptance is Q_(max,calc)=1+12A_1/7(I-A_1).The ground-state parabola model of the conceptual DFT yields approximately half of this value,and it is termed Q_(max,GS)=?+A_1/(I-A_1).A large variety of molecules are evaluated including fullerenes,metal clusters,super-pnictogens,super-halogens(OF_3),super-alkali species(OLi_3),and neutral or charged transition-metal complexes,AB_(m )L_n^(0/+/-).The calculated second electron affinity A_(2,calc)=A_1-(7/12)(I-A_1)is linearly correlated to the literature references A_(2,lit) with a correlation coefficient R=0.998.A_2 or A_3 values are predicted for further 24 species.The appearance sizes,n_(ap)^(3-),of triply charged anionic clusters and fullerenes are calculated in agreement with the literature.展开更多
A novel matrix of macropore cellulose membrane was prepared by chemical graft, and immobilized the cationic charged groups as affinity ligands. The prepared membrane can be used for the removal of endotoxin from. huma...A novel matrix of macropore cellulose membrane was prepared by chemical graft, and immobilized the cationic charged groups as affinity ligands. The prepared membrane can be used for the removal of endotoxin from. human serum albumin (HSA) solutions. With a cartridge of 20 sheets affinity membrane of 47 mm diameter, the endotoxin level in HSA solution can be reduced to 0.027 eu/mL. Recovery of HSA was over 95%.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974358 and 11934004)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34020000)the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL).
文摘The state-selective cross section data are useful for understanding and modeling the x-ray emission in celestial observations.In the present work,using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy,for the first time we investigated the state-selective single electron capture processes for S^(q+)–He and H_(2)(q=11–15)collision systems at an impact energy of q×20 keV and obtained the relative state-selective cross sections.The results indicate that only a few principal quantum states of the projectile energy level are populated in a single electron capture process.In particular,the increase of the projectile charge state leads to the population of the states with higher principal quantum numbers.It is also shown that the experimental averaged n-shell populations are reproduced well by the over-barrier model.The database is openly available in Science Data Bank at 10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00091.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61888102,52272172,and 52102193)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92163206)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1201501 and 2022YFA1204100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB30000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174066,No.51534007).
文摘Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils.However,the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown.In this study,we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field.However,the yield stresses were reduced obviously.We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened.To verify this hypothesis,a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out,i.e.,by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field,including electrically-neutral colloidal particles(Fe3O4),charged colloidal particles(resins),and oil-soluble electrolyte(C22H14CoO4),respectively,and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field,charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles,and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface.The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network,and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles.This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11905120,11947416)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC1322)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-YB-012)the United States Department of Energy(#DE-FG02-93ER40773)the NNSA(No.DENA0003841(CENTAUR)).
文摘The pseudo-rapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in the asymmetric collision systems p+Al,p+Au and ^(3)He+Au at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV are evaluated in the framework of a fireball model with Tsallis thermodynamics.The fireball model assumes that the experimentally measured particles are produced by fireballs following the Tsallis distribution and it can effectively describe the experimental data.Our results as well as previous results for d+Au collisions at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV and p+Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=5.02 TeV TeV validate that the fireball model based on Tsallis thermodynamics can provide a universal framework for pseudo-rapidity distribution of the charged particles produced in asymmetric collision systems.We predict the centrality dependence of the total charged particle multiplicity in the p+Al,p+Au and 3He+Au collisions.Additionally,the dependences of the fireball model parameters(y_(0a),y_(0A),σ_(a) and σ_(A))on the centrality and system size are studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1932207, 11904371, and 12104437)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB34020000)
文摘Dielectronic recombination(DR)is one of the dominant electron-ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions(HCIs)in cosmic plasmas,and thus,it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein.To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas,precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources.The main cooler storage ring(CSRm)and the experimental cooler storage ring(CSRe)at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)are both equipped with electron cooling devices,which provide an excellent experimental platform for electron-ion collision studies for HCIs.Here,the status of the DR experiments at the HIRFL-CSR is outlined,and the DR measurements with Na-like Kr25^(+)ions at the CSRm and CSRe are taken as examples.In addition,the plasma recombination rate coefficients for Ar12^(+),14^(+),Ca14^(+),16^(+),17^(+),Ni19^(+),and Kr25^(+)ions obtained at the HIRFL-CSR are provided.All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00092.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11775128)。
文摘The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with the ion extraction process in a laser-induced plasma as the major research background.Based on the theoretical analyses,the transport process of the charged particles including electrons and ions can be divided into three stages:electron oscillation and ion matrix sheath extraction stage,sheath expansion and ion rarefaction wave propagation stage and the plasma collapse stage,and the corresponding criterion for each stage is also presented.Consequently,a complete analytical model is established for describing the ion extraction flux at each stage during the decaying of the laser-induced plasmas under an electrostatic field,which is also validated by the PIC modeling results.Based on this analytical model,influences of the key physical parameters,including the initial electron temperature and number density,plasma width and the externally applied electric voltage,on the ratio of the extracted ions are predicted.The calculated results show that a higher applied electric potential,smaller initial plasma number density and plasma width lead to a higher ratio of the extracted ions during the first stage;while in this stage,the initial electron temperature shows little effect on it.Meanwhile,more ions will be extracted before the plasma collapse once a higher electric potential is applied.The theoretical model presented in this paper is helpful not only for a deep understanding to the charged particle transport mechanisms for a bounded decaying plasma under an applied electrostatic field,but also for an optimization of the ion extraction process in practical applications.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074081 and 12104095)。
文摘Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics in fusion and astrophysical plasmas. In this work, we mainly focus on reviewing our two projects performed in the past decade. One is about the ions with Z■30 that are generally of astrophysical interest, and the other one is about the highly charged krypton(Z = 36)and tungsten(Z = 74) ions that are relevant in research of magnetic confinement fusion. Two different and independent methods, namely, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory(RMBPT) are usually used in our studies. As a complement/extension to our previous works for highly charged tungsten ions with open M-shell and open N-shell, we also mainly focus on presenting and discussing our complete RMBPT and MCDHF calculations for the excitation energies, wavelengths, electric dipole(E1), magnetic dipole(M1), electric quadrupole(E2), and magnetic quadrupole(M2) transition properties, and level lifetimes for the lowest 148 levels belonging to the 3l3configurations in Al-like W61+. We also summarize the uncertainties of our systematical theoretical calculations, by cross-checking/validating our datasets from our RMBPT and MCDHF calculations, and by detailed comparisons with available accurate observations and other theoretical calculations. The data are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10569.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934004,U1832201,and 12241410)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016005)+1 种基金the CAEP Foundation(Grant No.CX2019022)the Special Innovation Project for National Defense。
文摘Spectral line widths produced by collisions between charged particles and emitters are of special interest for precise plasma spectroscopy.The highly charged Ar XV ion is demonstrated to have strong intrashell electron interactions,which manifest as an atomic system with many resonance structures,due to the quasi-degeneracy of orbital energies.In this paper we use the relativistic R-matrix method to investigate the electron-impact broadening of highly charged Ar XV ion spectral lines under the impact approximation.It is found that the results considering resonance structures are significantly different from those of the distorted wave approach.Furthermore,we propose a new empirical formula with a correction term to take into account the effect of resonances for electron-impact widths over a relatively wide range of plasma conditions.The corresponding fitting parameters of the new empirical formula for all 47 calculated transitions are also given with an estimated accuracy within 1%,which should be convenient for practical applications.The dataset that supported the findings of this study is available in Science Data Bank,with the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00101.
文摘In older to collect fine particles more efficiently, a new type electrostatic agglomerator with two zones was developed. The distinguishing feature of this electrostatic agglomerator is that the particles are bipolarly charged and coagulated in the same alternating electric field simultaneously. The silica flour with 2 μm mass median diameter and the smoke from burning wood powder were used as test aerosol. The comparison experimental results have shown that when the mean electric field is 4 kV/cm the collection efficiency of the new electrostatic agglomerator was 98.2% for silica flour and 67.4% for wood powder smoke. Under the same experimental condition, the collection efficiency of the electrostatic agglomerator with three zones was 97.4% for collecting silica flour and the collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator was 56.3% for wood powder smoke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776093,21376089,41976203,21506178,21908066)。
文摘Molecular simulation plays an increasingly important role in studying the properties of complex fluid systems containing charges,such as ions,piezoelectric materials,ionic liquids,ionic surfactants,polyelectrolytes,zwitterionic materials,nucleic acids,proteins,biomembranes and etc.,where the electrostatic interactions are of special significance.Several methods have been available for treating the electrostatic interactions in explicit and implicit solvent models.Accurate and efficient treatment of such interactions has therefore always been one of the most challenging issues in classical molecular dynamics simulations due to their inhomogeneity and long-range characteristics.Currently,two major challenges remain in the application field of electrostatic interactions in molecular simulations;(i)improving the representation of electrostatic interactions while reducing the computational costs in molecular simulations;(ii)revealing the role of electrostatic interactions in regulating the specific properties of complex fluids.In this review,the calculation methods of electrostatic interactions,including basic principles,applicable conditions,advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared.Subsequently,the specific role of electrostatic interactions in governing the properties and behaviors of different complex fluids is emphasized and explained.Finally,challenges and perspective on the computational study of charged systems are given.
文摘This paper presents a new hybrid approach that combines Modified Priority List (MPL) with Charged System Search (CSS), termed MPL-CSS, to solve one of the most crucial power system’s operational optimization problems, known as unit commitment (UC) scheduling. The UC scheduling problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, highly-dimensional and extremely constrained. Existing meta-heuristic UC solution methods have the problems of stopping at a local optimum and slow convergence when applied to large-scale, heavily-constrained UC applications. In the first step of the proposed method, initial hourly optimum solutions of UC are obtained by Modified Priority List (MPL);however, the obtained UC solution may still be possible to be further improved. Therefore, in the second step, the CSS is utilized to achieve higher quality solutions. The UC is formulated as mixed integer linear programming to ensure the tractability of the results. The proposed method is successfully applied to a popular test system up to 100 units generators for both 24-hr and 168-hr system. Computational results show that both solution cost and execution time are superior to those of published methods.
文摘Every individuals expose to the lisk of conventional immunodeficiency in daily life with both internal and externals. In a series of investigation, we have been assessed the various health promoting menu such as hot spring hydrotherapy, acupuncture & moxibution, light excurse, evidenced Control water western medicine technique. In this report, we try to investigate the regulatory effect of hydrotherapy by activated water molecule as our representative menu under the influence of hypothalamus system. We set up both animal and human model for assessment of hydrotherapy. Before starting experimental assessment, six males and females seven-week-old ddY mice, are used for the acute oral toxicity study. There is no sign for toxicity as judged by body weight, organ inspection by veterinary doctor. Next, young ddY mice are experimentally induced diabetes and immune-deficient status by administrating cancer chemotherapeutic agent, Streptzotosin. Charged Water was evident to control the blood sugar level compared to the Control Water group together with conventional control group. Both experimental group of mice wear statistically significant for recovery from blood sugar level and antibody secreting cell both IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell. We confirm also activated water group delivered the granulocyte that slow down the oxidative stress by super oxide.
文摘The nonlinear propagation of the DIA (dust ion-acoustic) waves in multi-ion dense plasma system containing degener- ate electrons, both positive and negative ions, arbitrary charged dust grains has been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The nonlinear waves (solitary and shock waves) have been observed to be formed in case of both positive and negative charged dust grains from the stationary solution of the Korteweg de-Vries (K-dV) equation and Burger’s equation. The fundamental properties of such nonlinear waves have been theoretically analyzed by comparing system potential for both positive and negative dust grains. It has been shown that the basic features of these waves are significantly modified by the positive and negative ions drift speed and polarities of dust grains. The implications of our results in space and laboratory plasmas are briefly discussed.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No LY15A050001the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11247007 and 11374262the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High-Field Laser Physics at SIOM
文摘Evolution of spatial distribution of charged particulates under the action of an external force is investigated.It is found that starting from a homogeneous Maxwellian distribution of particulates,clusters can form and aggregate.The evolution process,as well as the asymptotic number and configuration of the clusters formed,depends strongly on the strength of the external force.The particulates in most of the final clusters are in the crystal state,as can also be deduced from the corresponding velocity and auto-correlation functions.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been carried out to investigate its spread, with a wide range of factors to understand the influence of the factors that contribute to its spread and to reduce the ongoing threat of COVID-19 pandemic. <strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the relationships between the Earth’s electric field and cosmic ray charged particles of different energy ranges and the daily confirmed COVID-19 infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have been investigated using non-parametric statistical tests. The data covered the period between 3 April 2020 and 1<sup>st </sup>August 2021 and were obtained from the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) CARPET detector, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The electric fields data were obtained from electric field monitor (EFM) deployed on the rooftop of the KACST laboratory. The data of the daily COVID-19 cases were obtained from the official webpage of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH). <strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that that the number of COVID-19 cases is correlated with cosmic ray charged particles and anti-correlated with the Earth’s electric field. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the exact mechanism explaining the influence of Earth’s electric field and cosmic rays variations on the reported number of COVID-19 cases is not yet established, the results presented in this study can add additional knowledge to our understanding of the effects of additional factors on influenza activities.
文摘This paper discusses the effect that conformal symmetry can have on a charged wormhole. The analysis yields a physical interpretation of the conformal factor in terms of the electric charge. The rate of change of the conformal factor determines much of the outcome, which ranges from having no solution to wormholes having either one or two throats.
文摘In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged fluid within it. The charge and electric field intensity are zero at the center and monotonically increasing towards the boundary of the fluid ball. Besides these, adiabatic index is also increasing towards the boundary and becomes infinite on it. All other physical quantities such as pressure, density, adiabatic speed of sound, charge density, adiabatic index are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Causality condition is obeyed at the center of ball. In the limiting case of vanishingly small charge, the solution degenerates into Schwarzchild uniform density solution for electrically neutral fluid. The solution joins smoothly to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution over the boundary. We have constructed a neutron star model by assuming the surface density . The mass of the neutron star comes with radius 14.574 km.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20576130) and the National Basic Research Program ofChina (973 program, No.2003CB615700), and the Innovation Fund for the Graduate Students of USTC (No.KD2005022).
文摘The addition of electrons to form gas-phase multiply charged anions(MCAs)normally requires sophisticated experiments or calculations.In this work,the factors stabilizing the MCAs,the maximum electron uptake of gas-phase molecules,X,and the electronic stability of MCAs X^(Q-),are discussed.The drawbacks encountered when applying computational and/or conceptual density functional theory(DFT)to MCAs are highlighted.We develop and test a different model based on the valence-state concept.As in DFT,the electronic energy,E(N,v_(ex)),is a continuous function of the average electron number,N,and the external potential,v_(ex),of the nuclei.The valence-state-parabola is a second-order polynomial that allows extending E(N,v_(ex))to dianions and higher MCAs.The model expresses the maximum electron acceptance,Q_(max),and the higher electron affinities,A_Q,as simple functions of the firstelectron affinity,A_1,and the ionization energy,I,of the"ancestor"system.Thus,the maximum electron acceptance is Q_(max,calc)=1+12A_1/7(I-A_1).The ground-state parabola model of the conceptual DFT yields approximately half of this value,and it is termed Q_(max,GS)=?+A_1/(I-A_1).A large variety of molecules are evaluated including fullerenes,metal clusters,super-pnictogens,super-halogens(OF_3),super-alkali species(OLi_3),and neutral or charged transition-metal complexes,AB_(m )L_n^(0/+/-).The calculated second electron affinity A_(2,calc)=A_1-(7/12)(I-A_1)is linearly correlated to the literature references A_(2,lit) with a correlation coefficient R=0.998.A_2 or A_3 values are predicted for further 24 species.The appearance sizes,n_(ap)^(3-),of triply charged anionic clusters and fullerenes are calculated in agreement with the literature.
文摘A novel matrix of macropore cellulose membrane was prepared by chemical graft, and immobilized the cationic charged groups as affinity ligands. The prepared membrane can be used for the removal of endotoxin from. human serum albumin (HSA) solutions. With a cartridge of 20 sheets affinity membrane of 47 mm diameter, the endotoxin level in HSA solution can be reduced to 0.027 eu/mL. Recovery of HSA was over 95%.
