The development of tin-based devices with low toxicity is critical for the commercial viability of perovskite solar cells.However because tin halide is a stronger Lewis acid,its crystallization rate is extremely fast,...The development of tin-based devices with low toxicity is critical for the commercial viability of perovskite solar cells.However because tin halide is a stronger Lewis acid,its crystallization rate is extremely fast,resulting in the formation of numerous defects that affect the device performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells.Herein,propylamine hydrobromide(PABr)was added to the perovskite precursor solution as an additive to passivate defects and fabricate more uniform and dense perovskite films.Because propylamine cations are too large to enter the perovskite lattices,they only exist at the grain boundary to passivate surface defects and promote crystal growth in a preferred orientation.The PABr additive raises the average short-circuit current density from 19.45 to 25.47 mA·cm^(-2)by reducing carrier recombination induced by defects.Furthermore,the device’s long-term illumination stability is improved after optimization,and the hysteresis effect is negligible.The addition of PABr results in a power conversion efficiency of 9.35%.展开更多
Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.En...Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
An isocratic stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for determination of process related impurities and assay of darifenacin hydrobromide (DRF) in bu...An isocratic stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for determination of process related impurities and assay of darifenacin hydrobromide (DRF) in bulk drugs. DRF was subjected to various stress conditions such as hydrolysis (acid, base, and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q1A(R2) and Q1B) prescribed conditions to investigate the stability-indicating ability of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acidic hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Prodigy C8 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 7.2 by using ammonia solution) and methanol (36% acetonitrile) in 35:65 v/v ratio in an isocratic elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 25°C. Detection of analytes was carried out using photo diode array detector at a wavelength of 215 nm. The developed LC method was validated with respect to accuracy, linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantitation and robustness as per ICH guidelines.展开更多
1 INTRODUCTIONThe drying of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is dominated by a number of special factorscompared to the drying of bulk chemicals.These include:very high value of product;lowthroughputs(typically,100 ...1 INTRODUCTIONThe drying of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is dominated by a number of special factorscompared to the drying of bulk chemicals.These include:very high value of product;lowthroughputs(typically,100 kg·h<sup>-1</sup>);materials that frequently possess toxic properties andare often sticky,pasty and difficult to handle when wet;the moisture to be evaporated ofteninvolves solvents;and multipurpose processing plants.展开更多
Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided ...Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided into 19 groups （n- 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h）. Rats were singly intra- gastic administration of the vehicle, the PHAAC （5 mg·kg^-1） or the prasugrel hydrochloride （5 mg · kg^-1 ）, re- spectively. Blood samples were taken at each time point for the determination of platelet aggregation rate （PAR）. For the dose-effect study, 110 SD rats were devided into 11 groups （n= 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （ 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） . Blood samples were taken at 4 h after drug administration for the determination of PAR. Results Compared with the vehicle group, PHAAC has significant anti-platelet ag- gregative effects （P 〈 0.05） at the time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h, and the effect at the time of 4 h was the strongest. There were no obvious differences between the effect of PHAAC （5 mg · kg^-1） and prasugrel hydrochlo- ride （5 mg · kg^-1） at each time point. Compared with the vehicle group, intragastic administration of PHAAC at the doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1 could obviously inhibite the platelet aggregation, and showed a dose- dependent manner. There were no significant differences between the effect of PHAAC and prasugrel hydrochloride at the same dose. Conclusion PHAAC can inhibit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect at 4 h after drug administration is the strongest. The action strength and duration of PHAAC are similar with that of the prasugrel hydrochloride.展开更多
Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security.Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodi...Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security.Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodies because they can attack many organs of body.According to the combination of experimental results and literature materials,the morphology and transmission mode of taenia and cysticercus,the prevalence status and monitoring of taeniasis and cysticercosis as well as the antitapeworm mechanism,comparative analysis to other drugs,expelling tapeworm tests in vitro,dose determining tests and usage notes of arecoline hydrobromide were expounded in detail.It provides a theoretical basis for prevention of taeniasis and cysticercosis and more scientific usage of arecoline hydrobromide and thus relieves the harms of taeniasis and cysticercosis and ensuring the public health security.展开更多
Two polymorphic forms (forms I and IV) of antidepressant bupropion hydrobro- mides were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray single-crystal diffractometer. Lots of commercial substances may consist of form I. Fo...Two polymorphic forms (forms I and IV) of antidepressant bupropion hydrobro- mides were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray single-crystal diffractometer. Lots of commercial substances may consist of form I. Form I crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with Z = 2, a = 7.6943(8), b = 7.9347(9), c = 13.8558(15) , α = 85.971(3), β = 85.619(2), γ = 65.974(3)°, V = 769.66(14) 3, Dc = 1.384 g/cm3, formula C13H19ClNOBr, F(000) = 328, μ = 2.83 mm-1, the final R = 0.0579 and wR = 0.1282 for 1756 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Another polymorphic form, Ⅳ, belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6365(3), b = 12.4167(4), c = 27.7299(9) , Z = 8, V = 2973.67(17) 3, Dc = 1.432 g/cm3, formula C13H19ClNOBr, F(000) = 1312, μ = 2.93 mm-1, the final R = 0.044 and wR = 0.1093 for 2018 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). In the crystal structure of the two polymorphic forms, expected proton transfer from HBr to amino group of bupropion molecule occurs and intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H···r are formed. These interactions result in hydrogen-bond dimers in these two forms. The bupropion molecule adopts different conformations in the two investigated solid state modifications.展开更多
[Objective] To make an objective evaluation about security of a new veterinary drug-arecoline hydrobromide according to the research results and papers in recent years and supply science basis for clinical usage.[Meth...[Objective] To make an objective evaluation about security of a new veterinary drug-arecoline hydrobromide according to the research results and papers in recent years and supply science basis for clinical usage.[Method] The security of arecoline hydrobromide was evaluated based on acute toxicity tests;the ranges of safe medication,tolerability and toxicity as well as "Three-induced" effects(carcinogensis,mutagenesis and teratogenesis) and reproductive toxicity were summarized according to the combinations of experimental results,papers and clinical effects.[Result] The results of acute toxicity tests in mice and rats showed that LD50(50% lethal dosages) of arecoline hydrobromide in mice was 691.83 mg/(kg·BW) and 95% incredible range of its LD50 was 642.92-744.47 mg/(kg·BW) ,and LD50 of arecoline hydrobromide in rats was 2 054 mg/(kg·BW) and 95% incredible range of its LD50 was 1 908-2 210 mg/(kg·BW) . Its LD50 value was hundreds times higher than the recommended clinical dosage [1-5 mg/(kg·BW) ],therefore it is safe to apply in clinic. The research results of ranges of safe medication,tolerability and toxicity showed that arecoline hydrobromide could entirely dispel the dog Diphyllobothrium,Spirometra mansoni,Dipylidium mesocestoides,Lineatus and Cysticercus at dosages of 2-3 mg/(kg·BW) ,and the same effects to Railletina tapeworm of chickens and Drepanidotaenia lanceolata of duck and goose at dosages of 1-2 mg/(kg·BW) . The arecoline hydrobromide had muscarinic effects as side-effects and could cause vomiting,diarrhea and other clinical symptoms to discharge the paralyzed worm from livestock body rapidly and completely. The arecoline hydrobromide had "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity when it was used as antitapeworm drug with long-term,sustained and a large number of drug usage,rather than used in clinical application with shorter time and lower dosage of administration.[Conclusion] The arecoline hydrobromide is low-toxic substance and has a certain of toxicity such as "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity at high-dosages application,and there are good effects on livestock and poultry tapeworm at the clinical recommended dosages without "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity.展开更多
This paper reports that 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br)(s) has been synthesized using the liquid phase reaction method.The lattice potential energy of the compound 1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br and...This paper reports that 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br)(s) has been synthesized using the liquid phase reaction method.The lattice potential energy of the compound 1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br and the ionic volume and radius of the 1-C 12 H 25 NH + 3 cation are obtained from the crystallographic data and other auxiliary thermodynamic data.The constant-volume energy of combustion of 1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br(s) is measured to be c U o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s) =-(7369.03±3.28) kJ·mol 1 by means of an RBC-II precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter at T =(298.15±0.001) K.The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound is derived to be c H o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s)=-(7384.52±3.28) kJ·mol 1 from the constant-volume energy of combustion.The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is calculated to be f H o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s)=-(1317.86±3.67) kJ·mol 1 from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the title compound and other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a thermochemical cycle.展开更多
基金supported by the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University (No.2019RC058)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62205013,62075009,62275013,and 12274020)。
文摘The development of tin-based devices with low toxicity is critical for the commercial viability of perovskite solar cells.However because tin halide is a stronger Lewis acid,its crystallization rate is extremely fast,resulting in the formation of numerous defects that affect the device performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells.Herein,propylamine hydrobromide(PABr)was added to the perovskite precursor solution as an additive to passivate defects and fabricate more uniform and dense perovskite films.Because propylamine cations are too large to enter the perovskite lattices,they only exist at the grain boundary to passivate surface defects and promote crystal growth in a preferred orientation.The PABr additive raises the average short-circuit current density from 19.45 to 25.47 mA·cm^(-2)by reducing carrier recombination induced by defects.Furthermore,the device’s long-term illumination stability is improved after optimization,and the hysteresis effect is negligible.The addition of PABr results in a power conversion efficiency of 9.35%.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272246)the Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province(2023YFS0075).
文摘Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘An isocratic stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for determination of process related impurities and assay of darifenacin hydrobromide (DRF) in bulk drugs. DRF was subjected to various stress conditions such as hydrolysis (acid, base, and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q1A(R2) and Q1B) prescribed conditions to investigate the stability-indicating ability of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acidic hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Prodigy C8 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 7.2 by using ammonia solution) and methanol (36% acetonitrile) in 35:65 v/v ratio in an isocratic elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 25°C. Detection of analytes was carried out using photo diode array detector at a wavelength of 215 nm. The developed LC method was validated with respect to accuracy, linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantitation and robustness as per ICH guidelines.
文摘1 INTRODUCTIONThe drying of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is dominated by a number of special factorscompared to the drying of bulk chemicals.These include:very high value of product;lowthroughputs(typically,100 kg·h<sup>-1</sup>);materials that frequently possess toxic properties andare often sticky,pasty and difficult to handle when wet;the moisture to be evaporated ofteninvolves solvents;and multipurpose processing plants.
文摘Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided into 19 groups （n- 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h）. Rats were singly intra- gastic administration of the vehicle, the PHAAC （5 mg·kg^-1） or the prasugrel hydrochloride （5 mg · kg^-1 ）, re- spectively. Blood samples were taken at each time point for the determination of platelet aggregation rate （PAR）. For the dose-effect study, 110 SD rats were devided into 11 groups （n= 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （ 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） . Blood samples were taken at 4 h after drug administration for the determination of PAR. Results Compared with the vehicle group, PHAAC has significant anti-platelet ag- gregative effects （P 〈 0.05） at the time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h, and the effect at the time of 4 h was the strongest. There were no obvious differences between the effect of PHAAC （5 mg · kg^-1） and prasugrel hydrochlo- ride （5 mg · kg^-1） at each time point. Compared with the vehicle group, intragastic administration of PHAAC at the doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1 could obviously inhibite the platelet aggregation, and showed a dose- dependent manner. There were no significant differences between the effect of PHAAC and prasugrel hydrochloride at the same dose. Conclusion PHAAC can inhibit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect at 4 h after drug administration is the strongest. The action strength and duration of PHAAC are similar with that of the prasugrel hydrochloride.
基金supported by the Technology Development and Research Projects of Ministry of Science and Scientific Research Institutes(NCSTE-2006-JKZX-293)Science and Technology Major Projects in Gansu Province(2009GS02443)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2008BADB4B05)
文摘Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security.Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodies because they can attack many organs of body.According to the combination of experimental results and literature materials,the morphology and transmission mode of taenia and cysticercus,the prevalence status and monitoring of taeniasis and cysticercosis as well as the antitapeworm mechanism,comparative analysis to other drugs,expelling tapeworm tests in vitro,dose determining tests and usage notes of arecoline hydrobromide were expounded in detail.It provides a theoretical basis for prevention of taeniasis and cysticercosis and more scientific usage of arecoline hydrobromide and thus relieves the harms of taeniasis and cysticercosis and ensuring the public health security.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (J200801)
文摘Two polymorphic forms (forms I and IV) of antidepressant bupropion hydrobro- mides were prepared and characterized by powder X-ray single-crystal diffractometer. Lots of commercial substances may consist of form I. Form I crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with Z = 2, a = 7.6943(8), b = 7.9347(9), c = 13.8558(15) , α = 85.971(3), β = 85.619(2), γ = 65.974(3)°, V = 769.66(14) 3, Dc = 1.384 g/cm3, formula C13H19ClNOBr, F(000) = 328, μ = 2.83 mm-1, the final R = 0.0579 and wR = 0.1282 for 1756 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Another polymorphic form, Ⅳ, belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6365(3), b = 12.4167(4), c = 27.7299(9) , Z = 8, V = 2973.67(17) 3, Dc = 1.432 g/cm3, formula C13H19ClNOBr, F(000) = 1312, μ = 2.93 mm-1, the final R = 0.044 and wR = 0.1093 for 2018 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). In the crystal structure of the two polymorphic forms, expected proton transfer from HBr to amino group of bupropion molecule occurs and intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H···r are formed. These interactions result in hydrogen-bond dimers in these two forms. The bupropion molecule adopts different conformations in the two investigated solid state modifications.
基金supported by Technology Development and Research Projects of Ministry of Science and Scientific Research Institutes(NCSTE-2006-JKZX-293)Science and Technology Major Projects in Gansu Province(2009GS02443)National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2008BADB4B05)
文摘[Objective] To make an objective evaluation about security of a new veterinary drug-arecoline hydrobromide according to the research results and papers in recent years and supply science basis for clinical usage.[Method] The security of arecoline hydrobromide was evaluated based on acute toxicity tests;the ranges of safe medication,tolerability and toxicity as well as "Three-induced" effects(carcinogensis,mutagenesis and teratogenesis) and reproductive toxicity were summarized according to the combinations of experimental results,papers and clinical effects.[Result] The results of acute toxicity tests in mice and rats showed that LD50(50% lethal dosages) of arecoline hydrobromide in mice was 691.83 mg/(kg·BW) and 95% incredible range of its LD50 was 642.92-744.47 mg/(kg·BW) ,and LD50 of arecoline hydrobromide in rats was 2 054 mg/(kg·BW) and 95% incredible range of its LD50 was 1 908-2 210 mg/(kg·BW) . Its LD50 value was hundreds times higher than the recommended clinical dosage [1-5 mg/(kg·BW) ],therefore it is safe to apply in clinic. The research results of ranges of safe medication,tolerability and toxicity showed that arecoline hydrobromide could entirely dispel the dog Diphyllobothrium,Spirometra mansoni,Dipylidium mesocestoides,Lineatus and Cysticercus at dosages of 2-3 mg/(kg·BW) ,and the same effects to Railletina tapeworm of chickens and Drepanidotaenia lanceolata of duck and goose at dosages of 1-2 mg/(kg·BW) . The arecoline hydrobromide had muscarinic effects as side-effects and could cause vomiting,diarrhea and other clinical symptoms to discharge the paralyzed worm from livestock body rapidly and completely. The arecoline hydrobromide had "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity when it was used as antitapeworm drug with long-term,sustained and a large number of drug usage,rather than used in clinical application with shorter time and lower dosage of administration.[Conclusion] The arecoline hydrobromide is low-toxic substance and has a certain of toxicity such as "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity at high-dosages application,and there are good effects on livestock and poultry tapeworm at the clinical recommended dosages without "Three-induced" effects and reproductive toxicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20673050 and 20973089)
文摘This paper reports that 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br)(s) has been synthesized using the liquid phase reaction method.The lattice potential energy of the compound 1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br and the ionic volume and radius of the 1-C 12 H 25 NH + 3 cation are obtained from the crystallographic data and other auxiliary thermodynamic data.The constant-volume energy of combustion of 1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br(s) is measured to be c U o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s) =-(7369.03±3.28) kJ·mol 1 by means of an RBC-II precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter at T =(298.15±0.001) K.The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound is derived to be c H o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s)=-(7384.52±3.28) kJ·mol 1 from the constant-volume energy of combustion.The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is calculated to be f H o m (1-C 12 H 25 NH 3 ·Br,s)=-(1317.86±3.67) kJ·mol 1 from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the title compound and other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a thermochemical cycle.
