We investigate the global classical solutions of the non-relativistic Vlasov-D arwin system with generalized variables(VDG)in three dimensions.We first prove the global existence and uniqueness for small initial data ...We investigate the global classical solutions of the non-relativistic Vlasov-D arwin system with generalized variables(VDG)in three dimensions.We first prove the global existence and uniqueness for small initial data and derive the decay estimates of the Darwin potentials.Then,we show in this framework that the solutions converge in a pointwise sense to solutions of the classical Vlasov-Poisson system(VP)at the asymptotic rate of 1/c2 as the speed of light c tends to infinity for all time.Moreover,we obtain rigorously an asymptotic estimate of the difference between the two systems.展开更多
With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 ...With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country.It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.Atypical porcine pestivirus(APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province,China,in 2016,which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds,which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.Therefore,developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.In this study,three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV(5’ UTR),African swine fever virus(ASFV)(B646L),and APPV(5’ UTR),followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens(porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvovirus(PPV),and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).The sensitivity results showed that CSFV,ASFV,and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy μL–1;the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation of ASFV,CSFV,and APPV was less than 1%.Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR,compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF(GB/T 27540–2011),ASF(GB/T 18648–2020),and APPV(CN108611442A),respectively.The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV,ASFV,and APPV was almost the same,and the compliance results were the same(100%).A total of 451 clinical samples were detected,and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV were 0.22% (1/451),1.3%(6/451),and 0%(0/451),respectively.This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV.展开更多
Background/Objectives:Many economies are on the trajectory of alternative growth drivers other than conventional capital and labor.Access to credit facilities is a pertinent indicator of economic growth.In line with t...Background/Objectives:Many economies are on the trajectory of alternative growth drivers other than conventional capital and labor.Access to credit facilities is a pertinent indicator of economic growth.In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UNSDGs-8)agenda,the national goal for sustainable development for most economies and Arab economies is no exception.Therefore,the current study adopts a traditional growth model by exploring the relationship between gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,credit for private sectors,ratio of exports,real GDP,and per labor force participants for selected Arab economies annually from 2001 to 2020.Research design:This study leverages the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin(KPSS)unit root test and second-generation panel econometrics as estimation techniques,such as Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration test,and the use of two estimators,namely the augmented mean group(AMG)and common correlated error mean group(CCEMG),to obtain robust results.Findings:Empirical findings from Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration tests validate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the outlined variables.Further empirical results indicate that the share of exports is negatively significant with economic growth in countries such as Kuwait,Lebanon,Tunisia,and Jordan.Additionally,savings and labor force participation have a positive relationship with economic growth in individual countries such as Algeria and Bahrain.As per the panel,there is no significant relationship between labor force participation and economic growth.This indicates that the skilled labor force enhanced economic growth.Conclusions:These findings come with inherent far-reaching policy suggestions for economies and panels.Further details on country-specific policy actions are presented in the concluding section.展开更多
In this paper,for a bounded C2 domain,we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive classical solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the steady relativistic heat equation with a class of restricted positive C2 bou...In this paper,for a bounded C2 domain,we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive classical solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the steady relativistic heat equation with a class of restricted positive C2 boundary data.We have a non-existence result,which is the justification for taking into account the restricted boundary data.There is a smooth positive boundary datum that precludes the existence of the positive classical solution.展开更多
The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through bac...The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.展开更多
Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π &...Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π ⇒q ≥ e where A is the action of the radiation field, which is defined as the product of the radiated energy and the duration of the radiation, h is the Planck constant, e is the electronic charge and q is the charge associated with the radiating system. The frequency domain radiation fields satisfy the condition U ≥ hv ⇒q ≥ e where U is the energy radiated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2 and v is the frequency of oscillation. The goal of this paper is to show that these conditions, which indeed are expressions of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields, are satisfied not only by the radiation fields generated by physical antennas but also by the radiation fields generated by accelerating or decelerating electric charges. The results presented here together with the results obtained in previous studies show that hints of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic radiation remain hidden in the field equations of classical electrodynamics, and they become apparent when the dimension of the radiating system is pushed to the extreme limits as allowed by nature.展开更多
Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived ...Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the correlation and overlaps between PD-L1 expression and classical genomic aberrations in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma(LADC)patients.Methods:We reviewed 428 consecutive,surgically resected cas...Objective:To investigate the correlation and overlaps between PD-L1 expression and classical genomic aberrations in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma(LADC)patients.Methods:We reviewed 428 consecutive,surgically resected cases of LADC from October 2015 to December 2016 from our center.PD-L1 expression was evaluated based on tumor proportion score(TPS).Correlation and co-occurrence of PD-L1 expression level with those of classical driver genes,such as EGFR,ALK,ROS-1,and KRAS and with clinical variables and disease-free survival(DFS)were analyzed.Results:Seventy of the 428 cases(16.4%)showed TPS≥1%,and 21 cases(4.9%)showed TPS≥50%.PD-L1 positive expression was significantly associated with male gender,smoking,advanced TNM stage,and solid histologic subtype.Both TPS≥1% and ≥50%were correlated with the absence of an EGFR mutation(P<0.001)and the presence of ALK rearrangement(P=0.024).KRAS mutation was associated with TPS≥50%(P=0.035).PD-L1 positivity commonly overlapped with the alterations of classical driver oncogenes(58.5%with TPS≥1% and 42.9% with TPS≥50%).Approximately three-quarters of PD-L1 positive cases co-occurred with classical therapeutic-gene aberrations in cases with stage III/IV cancer or cancer progression.LADC could be divided into four subgroups based on the expression profile of current routine biomarkers for potential therapeutic strategies.Conclusions:PD-L1 expression is not only closely correlated with classic gene alterations but also commonly overlaps with the aberrations of classical driver oncogenes in Chinese LADC patients.These findings provide a useful overview of clinical strategies that rely on the profile of routinely used molecular biomarkers.展开更多
Full genomic sequence of a newly isolated persistent infection strain of classical swine fever virus was firstly determined. It was demonstrated by sequence analyses that nucleotides homologies of this strain compared...Full genomic sequence of a newly isolated persistent infection strain of classical swine fever virus was firstly determined. It was demonstrated by sequence analyses that nucleotides homologies of this strain compared with virulent Shimen and vaccine HCLV were 89.7% and 87.7% , and homologies of amino acids were 94.8% and 93.3% , respectively. The sequencing results primarily suggest a tighter relationship between this persistent infection strain and virulent Shimen strain than vaccine HCLV strain.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the global existence of classical solution to the 3-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a density-dependent viscosity coefficient λ(ρ)provided that the initial energy is small in s...In this paper, we consider the global existence of classical solution to the 3-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a density-dependent viscosity coefficient λ(ρ)provided that the initial energy is small in some sense. In our result, we give a relation between the initial energy and the viscosity coefficient μ, and it shows that the initial energy can be large if the coefficient of the viscosity μ is taken to be large, which implies that large viscosity μ means large solution.展开更多
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of...Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of CSFV in different organ samples showed some discrepancies in infected pigs.Four weaner pigs were inoculated with C-strain vaccine virus,then samples of spleen,tonsil,lung,mesenteric lymph node,kidney and brain were collected after slaughter and tested for E2 and NS5B genes using one-step RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR.Using the same method,12 field cases were simultaneously studied.A discrepancy of CSFV in different samples was found upon detecting the target gene.The most reliable diagnostic organs were spleen and tonsil,and the nested RT-PCR assay provided a highly sensitive and specific method with comparable performance to the one-step RT-PCR assay.展开更多
Classical garden as a kind of comprehensive art embodies a nation's culture and spirit, and culture has a direct impact on the style of classical gardens in the same period. Traditional Chinese and Korean gardens ...Classical garden as a kind of comprehensive art embodies a nation's culture and spirit, and culture has a direct impact on the style of classical gardens in the same period. Traditional Chinese and Korean gardens have intimate connection with each other and have their own unique systems. Also it is no exception in culture, that is, similar traditional cultures have different manifestations in their respective classical gardens. This study analyzes different manifestations of yin and yang and Five Elements Theory, thought of immortals and Confucianism in classical gardens of China and Korea.展开更多
We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result ...We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.展开更多
We prove the global existence of classical solutions to a fluid-particle interaction model in R^3, namely, compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations, when the initial data are close to the stationary state(ρ*...We prove the global existence of classical solutions to a fluid-particle interaction model in R^3, namely, compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations, when the initial data are close to the stationary state(ρ*, 0, η*) and the external potential satisfies the smallness assumption. Furthermore, optimal decay rates of classical solutions in H^3-framework are obtained.展开更多
According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of psrtially overlapping primers which span the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen were designed and synthesized. Each cDNA fragment of strain Shimen was...According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of psrtially overlapping primers which span the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen were designed and synthesized. Each cDNA fragment of strain Shimen was amplified by RT-PCR method from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig.The PCR fragments were cloned into PGEM-T vector respectively and sequenced. The results shoal that we have obtained the nucleotide sequence of strain Shimen. The viral RNA consists of 12 297 nucleotides including noncoding regions of 373 and 227 bases at the 5’and 3’ end, respectively, and a single large open reading frame spanning 11 697 nucleotides in the middle. tvhich encodes an amino acid sequence of 3 989 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 437. 6 × 103. The precisely sequencing of 5’and 3’ termini is undertaking.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was i...AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.展开更多
In this paper,we compute Rota-Baxter operators on the 3-dimensional Lie algebra g whose derived algebra’s dimension is 2.Furthermore,we give the corresponding solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation in the 6-...In this paper,we compute Rota-Baxter operators on the 3-dimensional Lie algebra g whose derived algebra’s dimension is 2.Furthermore,we give the corresponding solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation in the 6-dimensional Lie algebras g ■ _(ad~*) g~* and some new structures of left-symmetric algebra induced from g and its Rota-Baxter operators.展开更多
Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selec...Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selection of plant species and plant furnishings. In addition, manifestation of artistic beauty of the classical Suzhou gardens was explored, and protective measures were given.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(11871024)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223182)。
文摘We investigate the global classical solutions of the non-relativistic Vlasov-D arwin system with generalized variables(VDG)in three dimensions.We first prove the global existence and uniqueness for small initial data and derive the decay estimates of the Darwin potentials.Then,we show in this framework that the solutions converge in a pointwise sense to solutions of the classical Vlasov-Poisson system(VP)at the asymptotic rate of 1/c2 as the speed of light c tends to infinity for all time.Moreover,we obtain rigorously an asymptotic estimate of the difference between the two systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872484) to Zhang Qianyithe Non-profit Key Program of Veterinary Drug Industry from China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (GY202011) to Xia Yingju。
文摘With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country.It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.Atypical porcine pestivirus(APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province,China,in 2016,which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds,which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.Therefore,developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.In this study,three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV(5’ UTR),African swine fever virus(ASFV)(B646L),and APPV(5’ UTR),followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens(porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvovirus(PPV),and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).The sensitivity results showed that CSFV,ASFV,and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy μL–1;the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation of ASFV,CSFV,and APPV was less than 1%.Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR,compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF(GB/T 27540–2011),ASF(GB/T 18648–2020),and APPV(CN108611442A),respectively.The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV,ASFV,and APPV was almost the same,and the compliance results were the same(100%).A total of 451 clinical samples were detected,and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV were 0.22% (1/451),1.3%(6/451),and 0%(0/451),respectively.This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV.
文摘Background/Objectives:Many economies are on the trajectory of alternative growth drivers other than conventional capital and labor.Access to credit facilities is a pertinent indicator of economic growth.In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UNSDGs-8)agenda,the national goal for sustainable development for most economies and Arab economies is no exception.Therefore,the current study adopts a traditional growth model by exploring the relationship between gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,credit for private sectors,ratio of exports,real GDP,and per labor force participants for selected Arab economies annually from 2001 to 2020.Research design:This study leverages the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin(KPSS)unit root test and second-generation panel econometrics as estimation techniques,such as Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration test,and the use of two estimators,namely the augmented mean group(AMG)and common correlated error mean group(CCEMG),to obtain robust results.Findings:Empirical findings from Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration tests validate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the outlined variables.Further empirical results indicate that the share of exports is negatively significant with economic growth in countries such as Kuwait,Lebanon,Tunisia,and Jordan.Additionally,savings and labor force participation have a positive relationship with economic growth in individual countries such as Algeria and Bahrain.As per the panel,there is no significant relationship between labor force participation and economic growth.This indicates that the skilled labor force enhanced economic growth.Conclusions:These findings come with inherent far-reaching policy suggestions for economies and panels.Further details on country-specific policy actions are presented in the concluding section.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(11971069 and 12126307)。
文摘In this paper,for a bounded C2 domain,we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive classical solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the steady relativistic heat equation with a class of restricted positive C2 boundary data.We have a non-existence result,which is the justification for taking into account the restricted boundary data.There is a smooth positive boundary datum that precludes the existence of the positive classical solution.
基金the 2020 National Social Science Fund Art Project“History of Chinese Film Thought(1905-1949)”(Project No.:20BC035).
文摘The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.
文摘Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π ⇒q ≥ e where A is the action of the radiation field, which is defined as the product of the radiated energy and the duration of the radiation, h is the Planck constant, e is the electronic charge and q is the charge associated with the radiating system. The frequency domain radiation fields satisfy the condition U ≥ hv ⇒q ≥ e where U is the energy radiated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2 and v is the frequency of oscillation. The goal of this paper is to show that these conditions, which indeed are expressions of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields, are satisfied not only by the radiation fields generated by physical antennas but also by the radiation fields generated by accelerating or decelerating electric charges. The results presented here together with the results obtained in previous studies show that hints of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic radiation remain hidden in the field equations of classical electrodynamics, and they become apparent when the dimension of the radiating system is pushed to the extreme limits as allowed by nature.
文摘Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81871860)
文摘Objective:To investigate the correlation and overlaps between PD-L1 expression and classical genomic aberrations in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma(LADC)patients.Methods:We reviewed 428 consecutive,surgically resected cases of LADC from October 2015 to December 2016 from our center.PD-L1 expression was evaluated based on tumor proportion score(TPS).Correlation and co-occurrence of PD-L1 expression level with those of classical driver genes,such as EGFR,ALK,ROS-1,and KRAS and with clinical variables and disease-free survival(DFS)were analyzed.Results:Seventy of the 428 cases(16.4%)showed TPS≥1%,and 21 cases(4.9%)showed TPS≥50%.PD-L1 positive expression was significantly associated with male gender,smoking,advanced TNM stage,and solid histologic subtype.Both TPS≥1% and ≥50%were correlated with the absence of an EGFR mutation(P<0.001)and the presence of ALK rearrangement(P=0.024).KRAS mutation was associated with TPS≥50%(P=0.035).PD-L1 positivity commonly overlapped with the alterations of classical driver oncogenes(58.5%with TPS≥1% and 42.9% with TPS≥50%).Approximately three-quarters of PD-L1 positive cases co-occurred with classical therapeutic-gene aberrations in cases with stage III/IV cancer or cancer progression.LADC could be divided into four subgroups based on the expression profile of current routine biomarkers for potential therapeutic strategies.Conclusions:PD-L1 expression is not only closely correlated with classic gene alterations but also commonly overlaps with the aberrations of classical driver oncogenes in Chinese LADC patients.These findings provide a useful overview of clinical strategies that rely on the profile of routinely used molecular biomarkers.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Developmental Project ( G19990 1190 0 ) . Gen Bank NO.:AF40 7339
文摘Full genomic sequence of a newly isolated persistent infection strain of classical swine fever virus was firstly determined. It was demonstrated by sequence analyses that nucleotides homologies of this strain compared with virulent Shimen and vaccine HCLV were 89.7% and 87.7% , and homologies of amino acids were 94.8% and 93.3% , respectively. The sequencing results primarily suggest a tighter relationship between this persistent infection strain and virulent Shimen strain than vaccine HCLV strain.
文摘In this paper, we consider the global existence of classical solution to the 3-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a density-dependent viscosity coefficient λ(ρ)provided that the initial energy is small in some sense. In our result, we give a relation between the initial energy and the viscosity coefficient μ, and it shows that the initial energy can be large if the coefficient of the viscosity μ is taken to be large, which implies that large viscosity μ means large solution.
基金supported by the grants from the National"863" Programme (2006AA10A2041)Development Programme of Science and Technology,Chengguan District of Gansu province (08-5-4)
文摘Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of CSFV in different organ samples showed some discrepancies in infected pigs.Four weaner pigs were inoculated with C-strain vaccine virus,then samples of spleen,tonsil,lung,mesenteric lymph node,kidney and brain were collected after slaughter and tested for E2 and NS5B genes using one-step RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR.Using the same method,12 field cases were simultaneously studied.A discrepancy of CSFV in different samples was found upon detecting the target gene.The most reliable diagnostic organs were spleen and tonsil,and the nested RT-PCR assay provided a highly sensitive and specific method with comparable performance to the one-step RT-PCR assay.
基金Supported by Talent Initiation Project of Zhejiang A & F University Scientific and Research Development Fund:Preference Evaluation of Traditional Elements in Modern Landscape Spaces (2010FR078)
文摘Classical garden as a kind of comprehensive art embodies a nation's culture and spirit, and culture has a direct impact on the style of classical gardens in the same period. Traditional Chinese and Korean gardens have intimate connection with each other and have their own unique systems. Also it is no exception in culture, that is, similar traditional cultures have different manifestations in their respective classical gardens. This study analyzes different manifestations of yin and yang and Five Elements Theory, thought of immortals and Confucianism in classical gardens of China and Korea.
文摘We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11371152,11771155,11571117 and 11871005)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313003)+2 种基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310008)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Hanshan Normal University(QD20171002)the Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(2017KTSCX124)
文摘We prove the global existence of classical solutions to a fluid-particle interaction model in R^3, namely, compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations, when the initial data are close to the stationary state(ρ*, 0, η*) and the external potential satisfies the smallness assumption. Furthermore, optimal decay rates of classical solutions in H^3-framework are obtained.
文摘According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of psrtially overlapping primers which span the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen were designed and synthesized. Each cDNA fragment of strain Shimen was amplified by RT-PCR method from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig.The PCR fragments were cloned into PGEM-T vector respectively and sequenced. The results shoal that we have obtained the nucleotide sequence of strain Shimen. The viral RNA consists of 12 297 nucleotides including noncoding regions of 373 and 227 bases at the 5’and 3’ end, respectively, and a single large open reading frame spanning 11 697 nucleotides in the middle. tvhich encodes an amino acid sequence of 3 989 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 437. 6 × 103. The precisely sequencing of 5’and 3’ termini is undertaking.
基金Supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271033,81470621)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.
基金The NSF(11047030 and 11771122) of Chinathe Science and Technology Program(152300410061) of Henan Province
文摘In this paper,we compute Rota-Baxter operators on the 3-dimensional Lie algebra g whose derived algebra’s dimension is 2.Furthermore,we give the corresponding solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation in the 6-dimensional Lie algebras g ■ _(ad~*) g~* and some new structures of left-symmetric algebra induced from g and its Rota-Baxter operators.
文摘Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selection of plant species and plant furnishings. In addition, manifestation of artistic beauty of the classical Suzhou gardens was explored, and protective measures were given.
