Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included ...Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included 37 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate and 39 age and gender matched non-clefts. Twenty-six cephalometric measurements were employed to evaluate the facial morphology. Independent samples T test and Mann- Whitney U were used for comparison. Significant difference was defined at 95% level. Results： Data from this study showed patients with unoperated isolated cleft palate have a reduced maxillary sagittal length （ANS-PMP, A-PMP, P〈0.05）, a smaller ANB angle （ANB, P〈0.05） and a retrusive ANS point （S-N-ANS, P〈0.05; Ba-N-ANS, P〈0.05）. Measurements descripted position of maxilla （S-Ptm, P〉0.05）, depth of bony pharynx （Ba-PMP, P〉0.05）, anterior and posterior maxillary height （N-ANS, P〉0.05; R-PMP, P〉0.05） and mandible morphology （including linear measurements and angle measurements） did not show any significant difference between case and control groups. Conclusions： Patients with isolated cleft palate were characterized by maxillary retrusion. Mandible morphology and cranial basal morphology in isolated cleft palate showed no significant difference with nonclefts. Patients with isolated cleft palate are more vulnerable to cross bite than nonclefts. Intrinsic deficiencies did detrimental effect on maxilla sagittal length, but did no detrimental effect on maxilla position, mandible size and position.展开更多
This study investigated the role of long non‐coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） in the development of the palatal tissues. Cleft palates in mice were induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin（TCDD）. Expression levels ...This study investigated the role of long non‐coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） in the development of the palatal tissues. Cleft palates in mice were induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin（TCDD）. Expression levels of long non‐coding RNA H19（lncR NA H19） and insulin‐like growth factor 2（IGF2） gene were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction（q RT‐PCR）. The rate of occurrence of cleft palate was found to be 100% by TCDD exposure, and TCDD could cause short upper limb, cerebral fissure, webbed neck, and short neck. The expression levels of lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 gene specifically showed embryo age‐related differences on E13, E14, and E15 in the palatal tissues. The expression levels of lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 gene showed an inverse relationship on E13, E14, and E15. These findings demonstrated that lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 can mediate the development of mouse cleft palate.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid （RA） on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 （ BMP-7 ） in rat fetus with cleft palate, and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts. ...Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid （RA） on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 （ BMP-7 ） in rat fetus with cleft palate, and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts. Methods All-trans RA （ATRA） was used to induce congenital cleft palate in Wistar rat. BMP-7 mRNA expression in maxillary bone tissue of fetal rats was measured by Northern blotting analysis. Flow cytometry and MTF assay were used to measure the apoptosis and proliferation of ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells. BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Remilts ATRA could induce cleft palate of rat fetus. The incidence rate of cleft palate induced by 100 mg/kg AT-RA （45.5%） was significantly higher than 50 mg/kg ATRA （ 12.5%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. BMP-7 mRNA expression decreased in maxillary bone tissue of rat fetus with cleft palate. MC-3T3-E1 cells proliferation treated with 1 × 10^-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60%, the cell apoptosis increased by 2 times. BMP-7 mRNA and protein levels in MC-3T3-E1 cells treated with 1 × 10^-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60% and 80%, respectively, compared with ATRA-untreated cells （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions BMP-7 may play an important role in embryonic palate development. RA may possess the ability to down-regulate cell proliferation through regulation of BMP-7 gene expression.展开更多
Objectives To identify the loci involved in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） in Northern Chinese people in Shenyang by using genomewide and interaction linkage scan.Methods Two multiplex ...Objectives To identify the loci involved in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） in Northern Chinese people in Shenyang by using genomewide and interaction linkage scan.Methods Two multiplex families in Shenyang from North China were ascertained through probands with NSCL/P.Blood of every member was drawn for DNA extraction and analysis.Genotypes were available for 382 autosomal short tandem repeat （STR） markers from the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set version 2.5.Linkage between markers and NSCL/P was assessed by 2-point parametric LOD scores,multipoint heterogeneity parametric LOD scores （HLODs）,and multipoint nonparametric linkage score （NPL）.Results The initial scan suggested linkage on Chromosomes 1,2,and 15.In subsequent fine mapping,1q32-q42 showed a maximum multipoint LOD score of 1.9（empirical P=0.013） and an NPL score of 2.35 （empirical P=0.053）.For 2p24-p25,the multipoint NPL increased to 2.94 （empirical P=0.007）.2-locus interaction analysis obtained a maximum NPL score of 3.73 （P=0.00078） and a maximum LOD score of 3 for Chromosome 1 （at 221 cM） and Chromosome 2 （at 29 cM）.Conclusion Both parametric and nonparametric linkage scores greatly increased over the initial linkage scores on 1q32-q42,suggesting a susceptibility locus in this region.Nonparametric linkage gave a strong evidence for a candidate region on chromosome 2p24-p25.The superiority of 2-locus linkage scores compared to single-locus scores gave additional evidence for linkage on 1q32-q42 and 2p24-p25,and suggested that certain genes in the two regions may contribute to NCSL/P risks with interaction.展开更多
Background and purpose The prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is an important component of sequential therapy,but the relevant diagnostic methods are still limited.We aimed here,to explore the possibility of an early ...Background and purpose The prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is an important component of sequential therapy,but the relevant diagnostic methods are still limited.We aimed here,to explore the possibility of an early prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate by assessing metabolites in pregnant mice.Methods Twenty-four inseminated females were randomly divided into retinoic acid(RA)-treated(treated with retinoic acid at 10.5 gestation days)and control groups.The metabolites of the embryonic palatal tissue,maternal amniotic fluid,and serum were characterized using 9.4T magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vitro.Then,a predictive model was established through the principal component analysis(PCA),and the correlations between the metabolites of amniotic fluid and palatal tissue were explored using orthogonal-2 partial least squares(O2-PLS).Results The incidences of cleft palate were 100%and 0%in the RA-treated and control groups,respectively.A predictive PCA model with a high specificity and sensitivity was established for the early prenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft palate using amniotic fluid metabolic data.Between RA-treated and control mice,we found that two metabolites in the amniotic fluid and palatal tissue were correlated.Creatinine showed the same trend in the palatal tissue and amniotic fluid,while choline showed opposite trends in the two tissues.However,the data for serum metabolites could not be used to establish a prediction model.Conclusion This study indicates that assessing the metabolites of amniotic fluid is a potential approach for the prenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft palate.展开更多
Aim Malonyl-CoA is regarded as a key signaling molecule in mammalian ceils. It is converted to acetyl-CoA, and to a lesser extent, to malonyl acid and malonylcamitine （C3DC）. Availability of carnitine has been repor...Aim Malonyl-CoA is regarded as a key signaling molecule in mammalian ceils. It is converted to acetyl-CoA, and to a lesser extent, to malonyl acid and malonylcamitine （C3DC）. Availability of carnitine has been reported to be essential for the developing fetus. The objectives of the present study were to analyze associations of malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine （C2）, and free carnitine （CO） in subjects with orofacial clefts. Methodology We performed a retrospective analysis of carnitine concentration obtained from a newborn screening program carried out in our institution. Concentrations of whole blood malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine, and free carnitine were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. The study group consisted of 51 children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. In total, 106 healthy children without congenital anomalies served as controls. Cut-off points were established using likeli-hood ratio values. Results The mean concentration of malonylcarnitine in the cleft group was lower than that of the control group, 0.048 μmol.L^1 vs. 0.058 μmol.L^-1, respectively （P=-0.009）. In patients with orofacial cleft, low malonylcarnitine levels （〈0.047 μmol.L-1） were 1.7 times more predominant than in healthy individuals （P=-0.03）. The mean concentration of acetylcarnitine was also lower in affected newborns in comparison to controls, 33.8 μol.L^-1 vs. 37.8 μmol·L^-1, respectively （P=-0.026）. After analysis of acetylearnitine and free carnitine concentrations, the likelihood ratio test did not indicate valuable cut-offpoints. Conclusion The study provides initial data indicating a potential association between decreased malonylcarnitine and abnormal palatogenesis.展开更多
Objective To establish an acoustic perceptual method analyzing the compensatory articulation errors in children with operated cleft palate via the formants of Chinese pure vowels. Methods The first three formants whic...Objective To establish an acoustic perceptual method analyzing the compensatory articulation errors in children with operated cleft palate via the formants of Chinese pure vowels. Methods The first three formants which represent vocal transmission character in Chinese pure vowels of 84 subjects with operated cleft palate, were measured by Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS). The Chinese vowel graph of postoperative patients with cleft palate was stated by the first formant frequencies (F1) and the second formant frequencies (F2) of the Chinese pure vowels between the two groups. Results Values of F1 and F2 of vowels except [a] in the poor articulation group (Group A) were significantly different from those in the good articulation group (Group B) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). As compared with that in Group B, the vowel graph demonstrated the decreased perceptual distances in Group A. These findings indicated that there might still be the backward movements of tongue, perverted mandibular movements and disharmonious lip movements in addition to the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in Group A. Conclusion The speech articulation of children with repaired cleft palate should be gained by correcting the aberrant compensatory articulation errors in the condition of velopharyngeal competence. Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS), which is regarded as the content of objective quantitative measurement, is a precise, simple, reliable and atroumatic technique for children with cleft palate to analyze pathological compensatory articulation errors.展开更多
Objective： Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate（NSCL/P） is a common birth defect with unclear etiology. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to NSCL/P. Many genes have been identifie...Objective： Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate（NSCL/P） is a common birth defect with unclear etiology. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to NSCL/P. Many genes have been identified as candidate genes associated with this disease. Interferon regulatory factor 6（IRF6） gene and transforming growth factor-a（TGFA） gene seem to be crucial in the predisposition of NSCL/ P. Here we evaluated some single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） loci of TGFA and IRF6 genes in Chinese nuclear families consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with NSCL/P. Methods：Fifty patients of NSCL/P were confirmed by the plastic surgeons. They and their parents were included in the study, all with the informed consents. SNPs loci of TGFA and IRF6 genes were analyzed by microarray technology. Some PCR products were randomly chosen and sequenced to check microarray results. The distribution of gene type and allele frequency between patient group and parents group were compared. Then a Haplotype Relative Risk（HRR） and Transmission Disequilibrium Test（TDT） were performed. Results：The sequences of randomly selected PCR products were all consistent with the microarray results. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between patients and their parents. Using HRR and TDT analyses the V274I of IRF6 was associated with NSCL/P, while another SNP locus oflRF6 was not. Strong evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found between the 2 SNP loci of TGFA and disease with the HRR analysis, but not with the TDT analysis. Conclusion：Our study confirms the contribution of IRF6 in the etiology of NSCL/P in populations of Asian ancestry. The association of TGFA with NSCL/P requires further research.展开更多
<b><span>Introduction:</span></b><span> Cleft palate (CP) is a congenital dysmorphosis that results</span><span> from a failure of the palatal processes of the maxil...<b><span>Introduction:</span></b><span> Cleft palate (CP) is a congenital dysmorphosis that results</span><span> from a failure of the palatal processes of the maxillary buds and nasal septum to merge. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of complications of the modified Furlow technique and to evaluate its anatomical and functional outcomes.</span><span> </span><b><span>Materials and Method:</span></b><span> </span><span>This was a retrospective study that took place over a period of 4 years (from January 1</span><sup><span style="vertical-align:super;">st</span></sup><span>, 2015 to December 31</span><sup><span style="vertical-align:super;">th</span></sup><span>, 2018) in the Department of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery at the National Hospital of Donka (Conakry, Guinea). Data retrieval consisted of records from patients operated on for cleft palate according to Furlow’s</span><span> </span><span>modified technique only. The operative technique consisted of marginal incisions of the cleft according to the technique of the double Z-plasty of Furlow. Subsequently, the defect created between the 2 flaps and the anterior edge of the cleft was filled by two fat masses of Bichat sutured to each other with Vicryl 3-0.</span><span> </span><span>Four years after surgery, the patients were recalled for an evaluation of the anatomical and functional results.</span><span> </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> 13 patients underwent surgical loading according to the modified Furlow technique. The average age of the patients was 6.9 years with an age range of 7 </span><span>months and 17 years. Females were the most affected, with 61.54% of cases</span><span> and a sex ratio of 0.62. The primary repair rate was 84.61% of cases. Immediate operative follow-up was simple with epithelialization of the flaps in all </span><span>patients. Four (4) years after the surgeries, 12 patients were reevaluated</span><span> (92.30%), among them one case (8.33%) of fistula complication was noted. The mobility of the veil and the phonation were good in 85.71% and 60% respectively. Ar</span><span>ticular disorders with nasonation were found in 2 patients (16.67%). Swallowing was normal in 85.72% of cases.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> The modified Furlow technique is an important contribution to cleft palate surgery significantly</span><span> reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications. However, the delay </span><span>of the surgical operation remains a real obstacle for obtaining a normal </span><span>pho</span><span>nation.</span>展开更多
Objective Convincing evidence suggests a link between increased risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） and low intake of folic acid by the mother during pregnancy. The present study was...Objective Convincing evidence suggests a link between increased risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） and low intake of folic acid by the mother during pregnancy. The present study was designed to explore if genetic variation in the betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase （BHMT） gene contributes to NSCL/P. Methods DNA was obtained from 166 individuals with NSCL/P and 285 healthy subjects. Three known single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） present in the BHMT gene （rs651852, rs3797546, and rs3733890） were investigated by real‐time PCR‐based TaqMan genotyping. Results Neither allelic nor genotypic association was found between NSCL/P and SNPs rs651852 and rs3733890. SNP rs3797546 did not show allelic association with NSCL/P; however, a higher proportion of NSCL/P patients carry the CC genotype compared with the TT＋CT genotype （P=0.020, OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.11‐3.95）. Conclusion Our study suggests that polymorphism rs3797546 in the BHMT gene may confer genetic risk of NSCL/P in a recessive manner.展开更多
Introduction: Cleft lip, palate and alveolar (CLPA) are congenital malformations of the face due to a defect in the fusion of embryonic buds during the first weeks of embryogenesis. These malformations affect the uppe...Introduction: Cleft lip, palate and alveolar (CLPA) are congenital malformations of the face due to a defect in the fusion of embryonic buds during the first weeks of embryogenesis. These malformations affect the upper lip, the alveolar bone and the palate. The incidence in Africa ranges from 1/2000 to 1/500 births. Their multidisciplinary management is long and costly. Thus, the help provided by humanitarian organisations during free care campaigns is welcome. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted from August 2014 to July 2016 in the Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Department of the Treichville University Hospital in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. The objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of CLPA during a humanitarian campaign for free care. Results: 51 cases of CLPA were operated on. Males were involved in 54.9% of the cases, i.e. a sex ratio of 1.2. The average age of the patients at the time of the operation was 3.44 years with extremes of 3 months and 52 years. Patients with low socioeconomic status represented 84.3% of the cases. Cleft lips (31.4%) and cleft palates (33.33%) predominated. For cleft lips, unilateral forms were the most frequent (73.5%) and the left side was most often affected (59.2%). The most common surgical techniques used were MILLARD cheiloplasty for cleft lips (79.36%) and Dorrance pushback for cleft palates (78.05%). The postoperative course was simple in the majority of cases (80.47%). Patients and/or parents were satisfied with the postoperative results in over 90% of cases. Discussion: Cleft lip and palate are common. Their management by humanitarian missions through mass campaigns allows us to receive a large number of patients affected by this pathology who are treated with a high satisfaction rate. Conclusion: The characteristics of cleft lip and palate in this study are in many respects identical to those described in the literature, but with some differences specific to Africa, notably the absence of antenatal diagnosis and the advanced age at the time of treatment.展开更多
Various surgical techniques and approaches have been described to repair cleft nose deformities. It is necessary to consider that since it is a congenital deformity, surgical management must consider the patient’s gr...Various surgical techniques and approaches have been described to repair cleft nose deformities. It is necessary to consider that since it is a congenital deformity, surgical management must consider the patient’s growth process, as well as the healing itself from the surgery. The present study aims to evaluate an alternative solution to secondary rhinology, aesthetic, and functional alterations to unilateral or bilateral cleft lift palate to minimize deformities and ensure good results. 11 patients were studied between 1995 to 2002, ten male and one female. In 8 cases, the patients had a history of cleft lip and palate on the left side, 2 patients with cleft lift palate on the right, and 1 patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate. 100% of the patients increased their naso-labial angle. This improved their appearance and structure, starting from a preoperative arithmetic mean of 39 degrees to a postoperative arithmetic mean of 96 degrees. Such intervention increased the naso-labial angle by 57 degrees. At the base of the nose, it was possible to improve the inclination of the alar line (line B) in 10 of the cases with a variation of 2 to 3 mm in relation to the perpendicular line A and only one case remained with the same inclination.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphologic...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules （trans- forming growth factor-β3 （TGF-β3） and TGF-β3 type I receptor （activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5）） during pala- togenesis among a control group （Group A）, TCDD＋DEX exposed group （Group B）, and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed group （Group C）. While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD＋DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules （TGF-~3 and ALK5） during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD＋DEX exposed and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX＋TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.展开更多
Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non ...Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in humans.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ROR2 gene and non-syndromic oral clefts.Methods Here we tested 38 eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ROR2 gene in 297 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and in 82 non-syndromic cleft palate case parent trios recruited from Asia and Maryland.Family Based Association Test was used to test for deviation from Mendelian inheritance.Plink software was used to test potential parent of origin effect.Possible maternally mediated in utero effects were assessed using the TRlad Multi-Marker approach under an assumption of mating symmetry in the population.Results Significant evidence of linkage and association was shown for 3 SNPs （rs7858435,rs10820914 and rs3905385） among 57 Asian non-syndromic cleft palate trios in Family Based Association Tests.P values for these 3 SNPs equaled to 0.000068,0.000115 and 0.000464 respectively which were all less than the significance level （0.05/38=0.0013） adjusted by strict Bonferroni correction.Relevant odds ratios for the risk allele were 3.42 （1.80-6.50）,3.45 （1.75-6.67） and 2.94 （1.56-5.56）,respectively.Statistical evidence of linkage and association was not shown for study groups other than non-syndromic cleft palate.Neither evidence for parent-of-origin nor maternal genotypic effect was shown for any of the ROR2 markers in our analysis for all study groups.Conclusion Our results provided evidence of linkage and association between the ROR2 gene and a gene controlling risk to non-syndromic cleft palate.展开更多
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and pal...Cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and palate develop in a very characteristic way. For ultrasonographers involved in screening these patients it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the embryology of the face. This could help them to make a more accurate diagnosis and save time during the ultrasound. Subsequently, the current postnatal classification will be discussed to facilitate the communication with the CP teams.展开更多
The acoustic characteristics or the chinese vowels of 24 children with cleft palate and 10 normal control children were analyzed by computerized speech signal processing system (CSSPS),and the speech articulation was ...The acoustic characteristics or the chinese vowels of 24 children with cleft palate and 10 normal control children were analyzed by computerized speech signal processing system (CSSPS),and the speech articulation was judged with Glossary of clert palate speech(GCPS).The listening judgement showed that the speech articulation was significantly different between the two groups(P<0.01).The objective quantitative measurement suggested that the formant pattern(FP)of vowels in children with cleft palate was different from that of normal control children except vowel[a](P< 0.05).The acoustic vowelgraph or the Chinese vowels which demonstrated directly the relationship of vocal space and speech perception was stated with the first formant frequence(F1)and the second formant frequence(F2).The authors conclude that the values or F1 and F2 point out the upward and backward tongue movement to close the clert, which reflects the vocal characteristics of trausmission of clert palate speech.展开更多
An objective method, using a multi-band analysis technique, was proposed for analyzing plosive consonants in cleft palate speech. At first, the speech signal is decomposed in frequency domain using an auditory filter-...An objective method, using a multi-band analysis technique, was proposed for analyzing plosive consonants in cleft palate speech. At first, the speech signal is decomposed in frequency domain using an auditory filter-bank. Then, the sample-based features, namely cumulative energy and its increment speed, in each band were computed. Finally, using principle component analysis, these features were fused into one combined feature vector for assessment. Since the algorithm is based on perceptual properties of human auditory ear using non-uniform and multi-band analysis, the improvements of the consistence between the proposed approach and subjective evaluation are obtained.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I m...<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was performed on orthopantomograph films of 50 individuals with UCLP aged between 12 - 16 years and 50 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion individuals aged between 13 - 15 years. Individuals with UCLP;32 clefts were on the left side and 18 clefts were on the right side. Permanent third molar teeth deficiency was excluded from the study. <strong>Results: </strong>In 50 individuals with UCLP;35 (70%) upper lateral incisors were congenitally deficient in the cleft area, while 15 (30%) missing lateral teeth were found in the non-cleft side. In control group, 12 (24%) of 50 patients had congenital lateral incisor deficiency. Congenital deficiency of upper lateral incisor in UCLP;the cleft area was higher than the non-cleft side (p < 0.01). The difference was statistically important when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In 50 individuals with UCLP;while 27 (54%) of second premolar teeth were congenitally deficient in cleft side, 23 (46%) were missing in non-cleft side. In control group, 18 (36%) congenital second premolar deficiency was detected. However, second premolar congenital deficiency was higher in UCLP group when compared to control group (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The deficiency of the lateral incisors in the cleft side is more often congenitally deficient than upper second premolar teeth and this should be considered in the treatment planning from an early age.展开更多
In this study, we sought to determine the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate （NSCLP） to understand the etiology of the disease. A total of 200 NSCLP cases and 3...In this study, we sought to determine the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate （NSCLP） to understand the etiology of the disease. A total of 200 NSCLP cases and 327 controls were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xuzhou City. We conducted face-to-face interviews with the mothers of both cases and controls. The factors increasing the risk of NSCLP were a positive family history [odds ratio （OR）=56.74], pesticide exposure （OR=8.90）, and indoor decoration pollution （OR= 4.32）. On the other hand, the factors decreasing the risk of NSCLP were a high education level （OR=0.22） and supplementation of folic acid （OR=0.23） and multivitamins （OR=0.16）. Positive family history, pesticide exposure, and indoor decoration pollution are associated with the risk of NSCLP. In contrast, high education level and folic acid and multivitamin supplementation are protective factors against NSCLP.展开更多
文摘Objective： To address the effect of intrinsic factors on craniofacial growth by analyzing the craniofacial morphology of unoperated isolated cleft palate in Chinese adult. Materials and Methods： This study included 37 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate and 39 age and gender matched non-clefts. Twenty-six cephalometric measurements were employed to evaluate the facial morphology. Independent samples T test and Mann- Whitney U were used for comparison. Significant difference was defined at 95% level. Results： Data from this study showed patients with unoperated isolated cleft palate have a reduced maxillary sagittal length （ANS-PMP, A-PMP, P〈0.05）, a smaller ANB angle （ANB, P〈0.05） and a retrusive ANS point （S-N-ANS, P〈0.05; Ba-N-ANS, P〈0.05）. Measurements descripted position of maxilla （S-Ptm, P〉0.05）, depth of bony pharynx （Ba-PMP, P〉0.05）, anterior and posterior maxillary height （N-ANS, P〉0.05; R-PMP, P〉0.05） and mandible morphology （including linear measurements and angle measurements） did not show any significant difference between case and control groups. Conclusions： Patients with isolated cleft palate were characterized by maxillary retrusion. Mandible morphology and cranial basal morphology in isolated cleft palate showed no significant difference with nonclefts. Patients with isolated cleft palate are more vulnerable to cross bite than nonclefts. Intrinsic deficiencies did detrimental effect on maxilla sagittal length, but did no detrimental effect on maxilla position, mandible size and position.
基金supported by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81502843)college students’research and innovation program of Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan Province Xinxiang Key Laboratory of medical tissue regeneration program
文摘This study investigated the role of long non‐coding RNAs（lnc RNAs） in the development of the palatal tissues. Cleft palates in mice were induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin（TCDD）. Expression levels of long non‐coding RNA H19（lncR NA H19） and insulin‐like growth factor 2（IGF2） gene were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction（q RT‐PCR）. The rate of occurrence of cleft palate was found to be 100% by TCDD exposure, and TCDD could cause short upper limb, cerebral fissure, webbed neck, and short neck. The expression levels of lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 gene specifically showed embryo age‐related differences on E13, E14, and E15 in the palatal tissues. The expression levels of lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 gene showed an inverse relationship on E13, E14, and E15. These findings demonstrated that lnc RNA H19 and IGF2 can mediate the development of mouse cleft palate.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30500414)Scientific Research Project in Department of Education of Liaoning Province(05L508,20061010)
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of retinoic acid （RA） on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 （ BMP-7 ） in rat fetus with cleft palate, and the effects of RA on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts. Methods All-trans RA （ATRA） was used to induce congenital cleft palate in Wistar rat. BMP-7 mRNA expression in maxillary bone tissue of fetal rats was measured by Northern blotting analysis. Flow cytometry and MTF assay were used to measure the apoptosis and proliferation of ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells. BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in ATRA-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Remilts ATRA could induce cleft palate of rat fetus. The incidence rate of cleft palate induced by 100 mg/kg AT-RA （45.5%） was significantly higher than 50 mg/kg ATRA （ 12.5%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. BMP-7 mRNA expression decreased in maxillary bone tissue of rat fetus with cleft palate. MC-3T3-E1 cells proliferation treated with 1 × 10^-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60%, the cell apoptosis increased by 2 times. BMP-7 mRNA and protein levels in MC-3T3-E1 cells treated with 1 × 10^-6 mol/L ATRA decreased by 60% and 80%, respectively, compared with ATRA-untreated cells （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions BMP-7 may play an important role in embryonic palate development. RA may possess the ability to down-regulate cell proliferation through regulation of BMP-7 gene expression.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (the research to identify susceptibility genes of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palates, 30600676)Program for New Century Excellent Talents of the Ministry of Education of China (NCET-07-0034)
文摘Objectives To identify the loci involved in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） in Northern Chinese people in Shenyang by using genomewide and interaction linkage scan.Methods Two multiplex families in Shenyang from North China were ascertained through probands with NSCL/P.Blood of every member was drawn for DNA extraction and analysis.Genotypes were available for 382 autosomal short tandem repeat （STR） markers from the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set version 2.5.Linkage between markers and NSCL/P was assessed by 2-point parametric LOD scores,multipoint heterogeneity parametric LOD scores （HLODs）,and multipoint nonparametric linkage score （NPL）.Results The initial scan suggested linkage on Chromosomes 1,2,and 15.In subsequent fine mapping,1q32-q42 showed a maximum multipoint LOD score of 1.9（empirical P=0.013） and an NPL score of 2.35 （empirical P=0.053）.For 2p24-p25,the multipoint NPL increased to 2.94 （empirical P=0.007）.2-locus interaction analysis obtained a maximum NPL score of 3.73 （P=0.00078） and a maximum LOD score of 3 for Chromosome 1 （at 221 cM） and Chromosome 2 （at 29 cM）.Conclusion Both parametric and nonparametric linkage scores greatly increased over the initial linkage scores on 1q32-q42,suggesting a susceptibility locus in this region.Nonparametric linkage gave a strong evidence for a candidate region on chromosome 2p24-p25.The superiority of 2-locus linkage scores compared to single-locus scores gave additional evidence for linkage on 1q32-q42 and 2p24-p25,and suggested that certain genes in the two regions may contribute to NCSL/P risks with interaction.
基金This study was funded by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011857)the Guangdong Medical Research Foundation Project(A2019108,A2020099,A2020538)+4 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund(Vertical Collaborative Management Direction)Project([2018]157-45)the Guangdong Higher Education Teaching Reform Project(No.246),the Shantou University Chuangqiang Provincial Special Fund Construction Project(925-38230120)the Shantou University Special Support for In-school Research of the School of Arts(STURCS201813)and the Shantou Science and Technology Project([2019]10602)It was also supported by the Department of Education of Guangdong Province under the Top-tier University Development Scheme for Research and Control of Infectious Diseases and the grant for Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical Medicine under the Guangdong Highlevel University Development Program,and supported by 2020 Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research Grant(2020LKSFG18B,2020LKSFG02E).
文摘Background and purpose The prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is an important component of sequential therapy,but the relevant diagnostic methods are still limited.We aimed here,to explore the possibility of an early prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate by assessing metabolites in pregnant mice.Methods Twenty-four inseminated females were randomly divided into retinoic acid(RA)-treated(treated with retinoic acid at 10.5 gestation days)and control groups.The metabolites of the embryonic palatal tissue,maternal amniotic fluid,and serum were characterized using 9.4T magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vitro.Then,a predictive model was established through the principal component analysis(PCA),and the correlations between the metabolites of amniotic fluid and palatal tissue were explored using orthogonal-2 partial least squares(O2-PLS).Results The incidences of cleft palate were 100%and 0%in the RA-treated and control groups,respectively.A predictive PCA model with a high specificity and sensitivity was established for the early prenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft palate using amniotic fluid metabolic data.Between RA-treated and control mice,we found that two metabolites in the amniotic fluid and palatal tissue were correlated.Creatinine showed the same trend in the palatal tissue and amniotic fluid,while choline showed opposite trends in the two tissues.However,the data for serum metabolites could not be used to establish a prediction model.Conclusion This study indicates that assessing the metabolites of amniotic fluid is a potential approach for the prenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft palate.
文摘Aim Malonyl-CoA is regarded as a key signaling molecule in mammalian ceils. It is converted to acetyl-CoA, and to a lesser extent, to malonyl acid and malonylcamitine （C3DC）. Availability of carnitine has been reported to be essential for the developing fetus. The objectives of the present study were to analyze associations of malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine （C2）, and free carnitine （CO） in subjects with orofacial clefts. Methodology We performed a retrospective analysis of carnitine concentration obtained from a newborn screening program carried out in our institution. Concentrations of whole blood malonylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine, and free carnitine were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. The study group consisted of 51 children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. In total, 106 healthy children without congenital anomalies served as controls. Cut-off points were established using likeli-hood ratio values. Results The mean concentration of malonylcarnitine in the cleft group was lower than that of the control group, 0.048 μmol.L^1 vs. 0.058 μmol.L^-1, respectively （P=-0.009）. In patients with orofacial cleft, low malonylcarnitine levels （〈0.047 μmol.L-1） were 1.7 times more predominant than in healthy individuals （P=-0.03）. The mean concentration of acetylcarnitine was also lower in affected newborns in comparison to controls, 33.8 μol.L^-1 vs. 37.8 μmol·L^-1, respectively （P=-0.026）. After analysis of acetylearnitine and free carnitine concentrations, the likelihood ratio test did not indicate valuable cut-offpoints. Conclusion The study provides initial data indicating a potential association between decreased malonylcarnitine and abnormal palatogenesis.
基金this work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No98SM65)
文摘Objective To establish an acoustic perceptual method analyzing the compensatory articulation errors in children with operated cleft palate via the formants of Chinese pure vowels. Methods The first three formants which represent vocal transmission character in Chinese pure vowels of 84 subjects with operated cleft palate, were measured by Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS). The Chinese vowel graph of postoperative patients with cleft palate was stated by the first formant frequencies (F1) and the second formant frequencies (F2) of the Chinese pure vowels between the two groups. Results Values of F1 and F2 of vowels except [a] in the poor articulation group (Group A) were significantly different from those in the good articulation group (Group B) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). As compared with that in Group B, the vowel graph demonstrated the decreased perceptual distances in Group A. These findings indicated that there might still be the backward movements of tongue, perverted mandibular movements and disharmonious lip movements in addition to the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in Group A. Conclusion The speech articulation of children with repaired cleft palate should be gained by correcting the aberrant compensatory articulation errors in the condition of velopharyngeal competence. Computerized Speech Signal Processing System (CSSPS), which is regarded as the content of objective quantitative measurement, is a precise, simple, reliable and atroumatic technique for children with cleft palate to analyze pathological compensatory articulation errors.
基金supported by the Medical Technology Development Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Health Bureau of China (H200513)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0631) and National 973 Program(2006CB944005)
文摘Objective： Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate（NSCL/P） is a common birth defect with unclear etiology. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to NSCL/P. Many genes have been identified as candidate genes associated with this disease. Interferon regulatory factor 6（IRF6） gene and transforming growth factor-a（TGFA） gene seem to be crucial in the predisposition of NSCL/ P. Here we evaluated some single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） loci of TGFA and IRF6 genes in Chinese nuclear families consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with NSCL/P. Methods：Fifty patients of NSCL/P were confirmed by the plastic surgeons. They and their parents were included in the study, all with the informed consents. SNPs loci of TGFA and IRF6 genes were analyzed by microarray technology. Some PCR products were randomly chosen and sequenced to check microarray results. The distribution of gene type and allele frequency between patient group and parents group were compared. Then a Haplotype Relative Risk（HRR） and Transmission Disequilibrium Test（TDT） were performed. Results：The sequences of randomly selected PCR products were all consistent with the microarray results. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between patients and their parents. Using HRR and TDT analyses the V274I of IRF6 was associated with NSCL/P, while another SNP locus oflRF6 was not. Strong evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found between the 2 SNP loci of TGFA and disease with the HRR analysis, but not with the TDT analysis. Conclusion：Our study confirms the contribution of IRF6 in the etiology of NSCL/P in populations of Asian ancestry. The association of TGFA with NSCL/P requires further research.
文摘<b><span>Introduction:</span></b><span> Cleft palate (CP) is a congenital dysmorphosis that results</span><span> from a failure of the palatal processes of the maxillary buds and nasal septum to merge. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of complications of the modified Furlow technique and to evaluate its anatomical and functional outcomes.</span><span> </span><b><span>Materials and Method:</span></b><span> </span><span>This was a retrospective study that took place over a period of 4 years (from January 1</span><sup><span style="vertical-align:super;">st</span></sup><span>, 2015 to December 31</span><sup><span style="vertical-align:super;">th</span></sup><span>, 2018) in the Department of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery at the National Hospital of Donka (Conakry, Guinea). Data retrieval consisted of records from patients operated on for cleft palate according to Furlow’s</span><span> </span><span>modified technique only. The operative technique consisted of marginal incisions of the cleft according to the technique of the double Z-plasty of Furlow. Subsequently, the defect created between the 2 flaps and the anterior edge of the cleft was filled by two fat masses of Bichat sutured to each other with Vicryl 3-0.</span><span> </span><span>Four years after surgery, the patients were recalled for an evaluation of the anatomical and functional results.</span><span> </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> 13 patients underwent surgical loading according to the modified Furlow technique. The average age of the patients was 6.9 years with an age range of 7 </span><span>months and 17 years. Females were the most affected, with 61.54% of cases</span><span> and a sex ratio of 0.62. The primary repair rate was 84.61% of cases. Immediate operative follow-up was simple with epithelialization of the flaps in all </span><span>patients. Four (4) years after the surgeries, 12 patients were reevaluated</span><span> (92.30%), among them one case (8.33%) of fistula complication was noted. The mobility of the veil and the phonation were good in 85.71% and 60% respectively. Ar</span><span>ticular disorders with nasonation were found in 2 patients (16.67%). Swallowing was normal in 85.72% of cases.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> The modified Furlow technique is an important contribution to cleft palate surgery significantly</span><span> reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications. However, the delay </span><span>of the surgical operation remains a real obstacle for obtaining a normal </span><span>pho</span><span>nation.</span>
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 307009907)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant number 7082038)Beijing Foundation for Excellent Elite (grant number 2010D003034000013)
文摘Objective Convincing evidence suggests a link between increased risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate （NSCL/P） and low intake of folic acid by the mother during pregnancy. The present study was designed to explore if genetic variation in the betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase （BHMT） gene contributes to NSCL/P. Methods DNA was obtained from 166 individuals with NSCL/P and 285 healthy subjects. Three known single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） present in the BHMT gene （rs651852, rs3797546, and rs3733890） were investigated by real‐time PCR‐based TaqMan genotyping. Results Neither allelic nor genotypic association was found between NSCL/P and SNPs rs651852 and rs3733890. SNP rs3797546 did not show allelic association with NSCL/P; however, a higher proportion of NSCL/P patients carry the CC genotype compared with the TT＋CT genotype （P=0.020, OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.11‐3.95）. Conclusion Our study suggests that polymorphism rs3797546 in the BHMT gene may confer genetic risk of NSCL/P in a recessive manner.
文摘Introduction: Cleft lip, palate and alveolar (CLPA) are congenital malformations of the face due to a defect in the fusion of embryonic buds during the first weeks of embryogenesis. These malformations affect the upper lip, the alveolar bone and the palate. The incidence in Africa ranges from 1/2000 to 1/500 births. Their multidisciplinary management is long and costly. Thus, the help provided by humanitarian organisations during free care campaigns is welcome. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted from August 2014 to July 2016 in the Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Department of the Treichville University Hospital in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. The objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of CLPA during a humanitarian campaign for free care. Results: 51 cases of CLPA were operated on. Males were involved in 54.9% of the cases, i.e. a sex ratio of 1.2. The average age of the patients at the time of the operation was 3.44 years with extremes of 3 months and 52 years. Patients with low socioeconomic status represented 84.3% of the cases. Cleft lips (31.4%) and cleft palates (33.33%) predominated. For cleft lips, unilateral forms were the most frequent (73.5%) and the left side was most often affected (59.2%). The most common surgical techniques used were MILLARD cheiloplasty for cleft lips (79.36%) and Dorrance pushback for cleft palates (78.05%). The postoperative course was simple in the majority of cases (80.47%). Patients and/or parents were satisfied with the postoperative results in over 90% of cases. Discussion: Cleft lip and palate are common. Their management by humanitarian missions through mass campaigns allows us to receive a large number of patients affected by this pathology who are treated with a high satisfaction rate. Conclusion: The characteristics of cleft lip and palate in this study are in many respects identical to those described in the literature, but with some differences specific to Africa, notably the absence of antenatal diagnosis and the advanced age at the time of treatment.
文摘Various surgical techniques and approaches have been described to repair cleft nose deformities. It is necessary to consider that since it is a congenital deformity, surgical management must consider the patient’s growth process, as well as the healing itself from the surgery. The present study aims to evaluate an alternative solution to secondary rhinology, aesthetic, and functional alterations to unilateral or bilateral cleft lift palate to minimize deformities and ensure good results. 11 patients were studied between 1995 to 2002, ten male and one female. In 8 cases, the patients had a history of cleft lip and palate on the left side, 2 patients with cleft lift palate on the right, and 1 patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate. 100% of the patients increased their naso-labial angle. This improved their appearance and structure, starting from a preoperative arithmetic mean of 39 degrees to a postoperative arithmetic mean of 96 degrees. Such intervention increased the naso-labial angle by 57 degrees. At the base of the nose, it was possible to improve the inclination of the alar line (line B) in 10 of the cases with a variation of 2 to 3 mm in relation to the perpendicular line A and only one case remained with the same inclination.
基金Project supported by thc National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81000425 and 30530730） and the Sichuan Key Tech- nology R＆D Program （No. 2010SZ0098）, China
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD） and dexamethasone （DEX）. We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules （trans- forming growth factor-β3 （TGF-β3） and TGF-β3 type I receptor （activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5）） during pala- togenesis among a control group （Group A）, TCDD＋DEX exposed group （Group B）, and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed group （Group C）. While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD＋DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules （TGF-~3 and ALK5） during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD＋DEX exposed and TCDD＋DEX＋vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX＋TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.
文摘Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in humans.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ROR2 gene and non-syndromic oral clefts.Methods Here we tested 38 eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ROR2 gene in 297 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and in 82 non-syndromic cleft palate case parent trios recruited from Asia and Maryland.Family Based Association Test was used to test for deviation from Mendelian inheritance.Plink software was used to test potential parent of origin effect.Possible maternally mediated in utero effects were assessed using the TRlad Multi-Marker approach under an assumption of mating symmetry in the population.Results Significant evidence of linkage and association was shown for 3 SNPs （rs7858435,rs10820914 and rs3905385） among 57 Asian non-syndromic cleft palate trios in Family Based Association Tests.P values for these 3 SNPs equaled to 0.000068,0.000115 and 0.000464 respectively which were all less than the significance level （0.05/38=0.0013） adjusted by strict Bonferroni correction.Relevant odds ratios for the risk allele were 3.42 （1.80-6.50）,3.45 （1.75-6.67） and 2.94 （1.56-5.56）,respectively.Statistical evidence of linkage and association was not shown for study groups other than non-syndromic cleft palate.Neither evidence for parent-of-origin nor maternal genotypic effect was shown for any of the ROR2 markers in our analysis for all study groups.Conclusion Our results provided evidence of linkage and association between the ROR2 gene and a gene controlling risk to non-syndromic cleft palate.
文摘Cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and palate develop in a very characteristic way. For ultrasonographers involved in screening these patients it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the embryology of the face. This could help them to make a more accurate diagnosis and save time during the ultrasound. Subsequently, the current postnatal classification will be discussed to facilitate the communication with the CP teams.
文摘The acoustic characteristics or the chinese vowels of 24 children with cleft palate and 10 normal control children were analyzed by computerized speech signal processing system (CSSPS),and the speech articulation was judged with Glossary of clert palate speech(GCPS).The listening judgement showed that the speech articulation was significantly different between the two groups(P<0.01).The objective quantitative measurement suggested that the formant pattern(FP)of vowels in children with cleft palate was different from that of normal control children except vowel[a](P< 0.05).The acoustic vowelgraph or the Chinese vowels which demonstrated directly the relationship of vocal space and speech perception was stated with the first formant frequence(F1)and the second formant frequence(F2).The authors conclude that the values or F1 and F2 point out the upward and backward tongue movement to close the clert, which reflects the vocal characteristics of trausmission of clert palate speech.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60875014,60772039)
文摘An objective method, using a multi-band analysis technique, was proposed for analyzing plosive consonants in cleft palate speech. At first, the speech signal is decomposed in frequency domain using an auditory filter-bank. Then, the sample-based features, namely cumulative energy and its increment speed, in each band were computed. Finally, using principle component analysis, these features were fused into one combined feature vector for assessment. Since the algorithm is based on perceptual properties of human auditory ear using non-uniform and multi-band analysis, the improvements of the consistence between the proposed approach and subjective evaluation are obtained.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was performed on orthopantomograph films of 50 individuals with UCLP aged between 12 - 16 years and 50 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion individuals aged between 13 - 15 years. Individuals with UCLP;32 clefts were on the left side and 18 clefts were on the right side. Permanent third molar teeth deficiency was excluded from the study. <strong>Results: </strong>In 50 individuals with UCLP;35 (70%) upper lateral incisors were congenitally deficient in the cleft area, while 15 (30%) missing lateral teeth were found in the non-cleft side. In control group, 12 (24%) of 50 patients had congenital lateral incisor deficiency. Congenital deficiency of upper lateral incisor in UCLP;the cleft area was higher than the non-cleft side (p < 0.01). The difference was statistically important when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In 50 individuals with UCLP;while 27 (54%) of second premolar teeth were congenitally deficient in cleft side, 23 (46%) were missing in non-cleft side. In control group, 18 (36%) congenital second premolar deficiency was detected. However, second premolar congenital deficiency was higher in UCLP group when compared to control group (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The deficiency of the lateral incisors in the cleft side is more often congenitally deficient than upper second premolar teeth and this should be considered in the treatment planning from an early age.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.81273103)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In this study, we sought to determine the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate （NSCLP） to understand the etiology of the disease. A total of 200 NSCLP cases and 327 controls were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xuzhou City. We conducted face-to-face interviews with the mothers of both cases and controls. The factors increasing the risk of NSCLP were a positive family history [odds ratio （OR）=56.74], pesticide exposure （OR=8.90）, and indoor decoration pollution （OR= 4.32）. On the other hand, the factors decreasing the risk of NSCLP were a high education level （OR=0.22） and supplementation of folic acid （OR=0.23） and multivitamins （OR=0.16）. Positive family history, pesticide exposure, and indoor decoration pollution are associated with the risk of NSCLP. In contrast, high education level and folic acid and multivitamin supplementation are protective factors against NSCLP.
