An algorithm based on hyperspectral infrared cloudy radiative transfer model (HIRTM) is introduced and a simulation method for infrared image of the generation geostationary meteorological satellite is proposed. Based...An algorithm based on hyperspectral infrared cloudy radiative transfer model (HIRTM) is introduced and a simulation method for infrared image of the generation geostationary meteorological satellite is proposed. Based on the parameters from weather research and forecast (WRF), such as the water content, atmospheric temperature, and humidity profile, the simulation data for the advanced Himawari imager (AHI) infrared radiative (IR) channels of Himawari-8 are obtained. Simulated results based on HIRTM agree well with the observed data. Further, the movement, development, and change of the cloud are well predicated. And the simulation of IR cloud image for the weather forecast has been obtained. This paper provides an improved method for evaluation and improvement of regional numerical model for weather forecast.展开更多
The proposed study offers the first-of-its-kind economic production quantity model for deteriorating items having a demand rate to be price dependent under the effect of inflation and reliability with partial trade cr...The proposed study offers the first-of-its-kind economic production quantity model for deteriorating items having a demand rate to be price dependent under the effect of inflation and reliability with partial trade credit.The model is extended under an uncertain environment by assuming inventory parameters to be triangular fuzzy numbers and cloudy triangular fuzzy numbers.The objective of the study is to maximize the profit of the inventory system and to identify the most suitable environment for the proposed problem.Results are verified using the numerical study.Furthermore,the comparative study is presented to justify the nature of fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environments.Sensitivity analysis under all environments is conducted to identify the most sensitive parameters of all.展开更多
The aim of this article is an effort to initiate the cloudy fuzzy number in developing classical economic production lot-size model of an item produced in scrappy production process with fixed ordering cost and withou...The aim of this article is an effort to initiate the cloudy fuzzy number in developing classical economic production lot-size model of an item produced in scrappy production process with fixed ordering cost and without shortages.Here,the market value of an item is cloudy fuzzy number and the production rate is demand dependent.In general,fuzziness of any parameter remains fixed over time,but in practice,fuzziness of parameter begins to reduce as time progresses because of collected experience and knowledge that motivates to take cloudy fuzzy number.The model is solved in a crisp,general fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environment using Yager’s index method and De and Beg’s ranking index method and comparisons are made for all cases and better results obtained in the cloudy fuzzy model.The model is solved by dominance based Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to obtain optimal decision and numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are presented to justify the notion.展开更多
Amid uncertainties facing the world economy,one thing is clear: There’s no easy way out of the current global predicament. While the European debt crisis calls global recovery
The battlefield situation changes rapidly because underwater targets'are concealment and the sea environment is uncertain.So,a great number of situation information greatly increase,which need to be dealt with in ...The battlefield situation changes rapidly because underwater targets'are concealment and the sea environment is uncertain.So,a great number of situation information greatly increase,which need to be dealt with in the course of scouting underwater targets.Situation assessment in sea battlefield with a lot of uncertain information is studied,and a new situation assessment method of scouting underwater targets with fixed-wing patrol aircraft is proposed based on the cloud Bayesian network,which overcomes the deficiency of the single cloud model in reasoning ability and the defect of Bayesian network in knowledge representation.Moreover,in the method,the cloud model knowledge deal with the input data of Bayesian network reasoning,and the advantages in knowledge representation of cloud theory and reasoning of Bayesian network are applied;also,the fuzziness and stochasticity of cloud theory in knowledge expression,the reasoning ability of Bayesian network,are combined.Then,the situation assessment model of scouting underwater targets with fixed-wing patrol aircraft is established.Hence,the directed acyclic graph of Bayesian network structure is constructed and the assessment index is determined.Next,the cloud model is used to deal with Bayesian network,and the discrete Bayesian network is obtained.Moreover,after CPT of each node and the transformation between certainty degree and probability are accomplished;the final situation level is obtained through a probability synthesis formula.Therefore,the target type and the operational intention of the other side are deduced to form the battlefield situation.Finally,simulations are carried out,and the rationality and validity of the proposed method are testified by simulation results.By this method,the battlefield situation can be gained.And this method has a wider application range,especially for large sample data processing,and it has better practicability.展开更多
Clouds play a major role in modulating the biometeorological processes. We studied the influence of cloudiness on four biometeorological variables:daily air temperature(Tair), relative humidity(RH),reference evapotran...Clouds play a major role in modulating the biometeorological processes. We studied the influence of cloudiness on four biometeorological variables:daily air temperature(Tair), relative humidity(RH),reference evapotranspiration(ETr),and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR), recorded at four sites of Andean Páramos in southern Ecuador during 2.5 to 5.5 years. First, we quantified both the cloud cover percentage(Cloud%) creating cloud masks over the visible bands of Landsat 7 images and the sky condition(K_(T)) using the records of solar and extraterrestrial radiation. Second, we estimated KTfrom Cloud%. Finally, we quantified T_(air), RH, ET_(r), and PAR under clear, cloudy, and overcast K_(T) and their dependence on KT. The average Cloud% ranged between 65%–76%, and KTcorroborated the prevailing overcast sky(between 55% and 72.5% of the days) over the páramos. The proposed model performed well in the sites of calibration(R^(2)= 0.80;MBE = 0.00;RMSE = 0.05) and validation(R^(2)= 0.74;MBE =-0.07;RMSE = 0.11). The overcast sky diminished T_(air)(≤ 10℃), ET_(r)(≤ 1.6 mm day-1), and PAR(4 MJ m^(-2)day^(-1)) and increased RH(≥ 88%),while the variables showed the opposite behavior during the uncommon clear sky(≤ 5.5% of the days).Thus, mostly the dynamic of RH(R^(2)≥ 0.62), ETr(R^(2)≥ 0.85), and PAR(R2≥ 0.77) depended on K_(T). Hence,the prevailing overcast sky influenced the biometeorology of the páramos.展开更多
April 24, 2018 Tuesday Cloudy This morning, I went to school early. When I got to the school gate, I saw a boy fall off his bike and lie on the ground. He was badly hurt and couldn’t move.
The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Total Ozone and Aerosols about variability of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) in the east coast of the Northeastern region of Brazil through measures from multi...The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Total Ozone and Aerosols about variability of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) in the east coast of the Northeastern region of Brazil through measures from multispectral sensor GUV (Ground-based Ultraviolet Radiometer). The methodology consisted of descriptive study and cluster analyses using data of UV in channels UVB (305 nm) and UVA (320 nm, 340 nm and 380 nm) and data of UV index, Total Ozone, Aerosol, Global Solar Radiation, Cloudiness and Wind. The results for city of Natal indicated that an annual event occurs in September/October which stabilizes the UV or UV Index when Total Ozone levels reach their annual maximum. This event is influenced by marine Aerosol that is found on mainland at a higher concentration in September due to greater Wind intensity and their southeasterly direction (sea for land). The cluster analysis using the variables above allowed us to detect three different groups: the first group is formed by Natal, Recife and Jo?o Pessoa and so determined that this event occurs in these three cities;the second group is formed by Maceió, Aracaju and Salvador and the third group includes only Fortaleza and had different results.展开更多
The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the thre...The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the three candidate sites.Remote studies and local surveys have been carried out for more than 15 years in western China,and the results show that Ali is a promising site with comprehensive quality in terms of atmospheric and supporting conditions.An overview of the site testing campaign at the Ali site from 2016 to 2019 is presented.After the two years of data collection,the overall median seeing value is found to be 1.17 arcsec,the observable nights are 81.71%and the good observable nights are 71.76%.The weather conditions as follows,the median night temperature value is-5.18℃,the median night relative humidity value is 41.25%,the median night atmospheric pressure value is 540.92 hPa,the median night wind speed value is 7.41 m s-1 and the mainly wind direction is southwestern(SW).The median night sky background value is 22.07 magV.We also discuss the wind speed at different locations on-site,the possibility of light pollution and the effect of wind speed on differential image motion monitor(DIMM)seeing measurements.展开更多
This work concerns the 10? North, 20? North African band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest countries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The countries in this zone h...This work concerns the 10? North, 20? North African band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest countries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The countries in this zone have a relatively low electrification rate compared to the enlightened country. To solve this problem, these countries want to turn to renewable energies such as photovoltaics (renewable energy obtained through solar radiation). Therefore, understanding the behavior of irradiation and cloudiness in the 10 - 20 band becomes necessary. The application of the empirical orthogonal functions to the different cloud layers and to the irradiation reveals a seasonality of the latter, in particular compared to the first modes of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1). Indeed, by filtering in time and space to isolate solar radiation and cloudiness, the EOF1 expresses respectively 94.3% of the variation of descending solar radiation in clear sky in the 10 - 20 band. Note 65.7% for global radiation, 54.4% for cloudiness at 450 hPa, 69.6% for cloudiness between 800 hPa and 450 hPa, 76.6% for low cloudiness, 61.4% for total cloudiness. These results allow us to say that we have generally good sunshine over several months, with little cloud cover in this band. However, since this zone is considered to be part of the main aerosol emission source zones, it is important in their temporal consideration of the optical depth. By doing the wavelet analysis on the optical depth data from Dakar and Banizoumbou, we note that the average dust presence spectrum over the entire period from 1997 to 2019 in the two stations with a slight shift compared to the peaks and the maximum observed value. A sign that there is a strong presence of dust in this area and that it should be taken into account for any photovoltaic installation in this area.展开更多
Gas phase fluidized bed processes have been widely applied to polyethylene production.In these processes,the flow,mass transfer,and reaction rate on the microscale and macroscale are strongly coupled because of the mu...Gas phase fluidized bed processes have been widely applied to polyethylene production.In these processes,the flow,mass transfer,and reaction rate on the microscale and macroscale are strongly coupled because of the multiphase and multiscale nature of the fluidization system.Understanding mesoscale phenomena is therefore essential to the quantitative translation of the knowledge obtained from the microscale to the macroscale.This paper reviews the development of ethylene polymerization gas phase processes while focussing on studies regarding mesoscale phenomena.These include experimental characterizations,mathematical modelling and control strategies.Trends and future developments in this field are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Climate Change Special Project under Grant No.CCSF201834
文摘An algorithm based on hyperspectral infrared cloudy radiative transfer model (HIRTM) is introduced and a simulation method for infrared image of the generation geostationary meteorological satellite is proposed. Based on the parameters from weather research and forecast (WRF), such as the water content, atmospheric temperature, and humidity profile, the simulation data for the advanced Himawari imager (AHI) infrared radiative (IR) channels of Himawari-8 are obtained. Simulated results based on HIRTM agree well with the observed data. Further, the movement, development, and change of the cloud are well predicated. And the simulation of IR cloud image for the weather forecast has been obtained. This paper provides an improved method for evaluation and improvement of regional numerical model for weather forecast.
文摘The proposed study offers the first-of-its-kind economic production quantity model for deteriorating items having a demand rate to be price dependent under the effect of inflation and reliability with partial trade credit.The model is extended under an uncertain environment by assuming inventory parameters to be triangular fuzzy numbers and cloudy triangular fuzzy numbers.The objective of the study is to maximize the profit of the inventory system and to identify the most suitable environment for the proposed problem.Results are verified using the numerical study.Furthermore,the comparative study is presented to justify the nature of fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environments.Sensitivity analysis under all environments is conducted to identify the most sensitive parameters of all.
基金supported by the University Grant Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India under the research grant[grant number PSW-132/14-15(ERO)].
文摘The aim of this article is an effort to initiate the cloudy fuzzy number in developing classical economic production lot-size model of an item produced in scrappy production process with fixed ordering cost and without shortages.Here,the market value of an item is cloudy fuzzy number and the production rate is demand dependent.In general,fuzziness of any parameter remains fixed over time,but in practice,fuzziness of parameter begins to reduce as time progresses because of collected experience and knowledge that motivates to take cloudy fuzzy number.The model is solved in a crisp,general fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environment using Yager’s index method and De and Beg’s ranking index method and comparisons are made for all cases and better results obtained in the cloudy fuzzy model.The model is solved by dominance based Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to obtain optimal decision and numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are presented to justify the notion.
文摘Amid uncertainties facing the world economy,one thing is clear: There’s no easy way out of the current global predicament. While the European debt crisis calls global recovery
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shangdong,Grant/Award Number:ZR2019MF065.
文摘The battlefield situation changes rapidly because underwater targets'are concealment and the sea environment is uncertain.So,a great number of situation information greatly increase,which need to be dealt with in the course of scouting underwater targets.Situation assessment in sea battlefield with a lot of uncertain information is studied,and a new situation assessment method of scouting underwater targets with fixed-wing patrol aircraft is proposed based on the cloud Bayesian network,which overcomes the deficiency of the single cloud model in reasoning ability and the defect of Bayesian network in knowledge representation.Moreover,in the method,the cloud model knowledge deal with the input data of Bayesian network reasoning,and the advantages in knowledge representation of cloud theory and reasoning of Bayesian network are applied;also,the fuzziness and stochasticity of cloud theory in knowledge expression,the reasoning ability of Bayesian network,are combined.Then,the situation assessment model of scouting underwater targets with fixed-wing patrol aircraft is established.Hence,the directed acyclic graph of Bayesian network structure is constructed and the assessment index is determined.Next,the cloud model is used to deal with Bayesian network,and the discrete Bayesian network is obtained.Moreover,after CPT of each node and the transformation between certainty degree and probability are accomplished;the final situation level is obtained through a probability synthesis formula.Therefore,the target type and the operational intention of the other side are deduced to form the battlefield situation.Finally,simulations are carried out,and the rationality and validity of the proposed method are testified by simulation results.By this method,the battlefield situation can be gained.And this method has a wider application range,especially for large sample data processing,and it has better practicability.
基金National Science Foundation of the United States of America through“A research network for the resilience of headwater systems and water availability for downstream communities across the Americas”funded by the Vice-rectorate for Research of the University of Cuenca。
文摘Clouds play a major role in modulating the biometeorological processes. We studied the influence of cloudiness on four biometeorological variables:daily air temperature(Tair), relative humidity(RH),reference evapotranspiration(ETr),and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR), recorded at four sites of Andean Páramos in southern Ecuador during 2.5 to 5.5 years. First, we quantified both the cloud cover percentage(Cloud%) creating cloud masks over the visible bands of Landsat 7 images and the sky condition(K_(T)) using the records of solar and extraterrestrial radiation. Second, we estimated KTfrom Cloud%. Finally, we quantified T_(air), RH, ET_(r), and PAR under clear, cloudy, and overcast K_(T) and their dependence on KT. The average Cloud% ranged between 65%–76%, and KTcorroborated the prevailing overcast sky(between 55% and 72.5% of the days) over the páramos. The proposed model performed well in the sites of calibration(R^(2)= 0.80;MBE = 0.00;RMSE = 0.05) and validation(R^(2)= 0.74;MBE =-0.07;RMSE = 0.11). The overcast sky diminished T_(air)(≤ 10℃), ET_(r)(≤ 1.6 mm day-1), and PAR(4 MJ m^(-2)day^(-1)) and increased RH(≥ 88%),while the variables showed the opposite behavior during the uncommon clear sky(≤ 5.5% of the days).Thus, mostly the dynamic of RH(R^(2)≥ 0.62), ETr(R^(2)≥ 0.85), and PAR(R2≥ 0.77) depended on K_(T). Hence,the prevailing overcast sky influenced the biometeorology of the páramos.
文摘April 24, 2018 Tuesday Cloudy This morning, I went to school early. When I got to the school gate, I saw a boy fall off his bike and lie on the ground. He was badly hurt and couldn’t move.
文摘The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Total Ozone and Aerosols about variability of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) in the east coast of the Northeastern region of Brazil through measures from multispectral sensor GUV (Ground-based Ultraviolet Radiometer). The methodology consisted of descriptive study and cluster analyses using data of UV in channels UVB (305 nm) and UVA (320 nm, 340 nm and 380 nm) and data of UV index, Total Ozone, Aerosol, Global Solar Radiation, Cloudiness and Wind. The results for city of Natal indicated that an annual event occurs in September/October which stabilizes the UV or UV Index when Total Ozone levels reach their annual maximum. This event is influenced by marine Aerosol that is found on mainland at a higher concentration in September due to greater Wind intensity and their southeasterly direction (sea for land). The cluster analysis using the variables above allowed us to detect three different groups: the first group is formed by Natal, Recife and Jo?o Pessoa and so determined that this event occurs in these three cities;the second group is formed by Maceió, Aracaju and Salvador and the third group includes only Fortaleza and had different results.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11873063 and 11373043)supported by the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China(MOF)and administrated by CASsupported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23020300)。
文摘The Large Optical/infrared Telescope(LOT)is a ground-based 12 m diameter telescope which is proposed to be built in western China.The site selection for LOT in China began in 2016,and Ali was listed as one of the three candidate sites.Remote studies and local surveys have been carried out for more than 15 years in western China,and the results show that Ali is a promising site with comprehensive quality in terms of atmospheric and supporting conditions.An overview of the site testing campaign at the Ali site from 2016 to 2019 is presented.After the two years of data collection,the overall median seeing value is found to be 1.17 arcsec,the observable nights are 81.71%and the good observable nights are 71.76%.The weather conditions as follows,the median night temperature value is-5.18℃,the median night relative humidity value is 41.25%,the median night atmospheric pressure value is 540.92 hPa,the median night wind speed value is 7.41 m s-1 and the mainly wind direction is southwestern(SW).The median night sky background value is 22.07 magV.We also discuss the wind speed at different locations on-site,the possibility of light pollution and the effect of wind speed on differential image motion monitor(DIMM)seeing measurements.
文摘This work concerns the 10? North, 20? North African band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest countries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The countries in this zone have a relatively low electrification rate compared to the enlightened country. To solve this problem, these countries want to turn to renewable energies such as photovoltaics (renewable energy obtained through solar radiation). Therefore, understanding the behavior of irradiation and cloudiness in the 10 - 20 band becomes necessary. The application of the empirical orthogonal functions to the different cloud layers and to the irradiation reveals a seasonality of the latter, in particular compared to the first modes of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1). Indeed, by filtering in time and space to isolate solar radiation and cloudiness, the EOF1 expresses respectively 94.3% of the variation of descending solar radiation in clear sky in the 10 - 20 band. Note 65.7% for global radiation, 54.4% for cloudiness at 450 hPa, 69.6% for cloudiness between 800 hPa and 450 hPa, 76.6% for low cloudiness, 61.4% for total cloudiness. These results allow us to say that we have generally good sunshine over several months, with little cloud cover in this band. However, since this zone is considered to be part of the main aerosol emission source zones, it is important in their temporal consideration of the optical depth. By doing the wavelet analysis on the optical depth data from Dakar and Banizoumbou, we note that the average dust presence spectrum over the entire period from 1997 to 2019 in the two stations with a slight shift compared to the peaks and the maximum observed value. A sign that there is a strong presence of dust in this area and that it should be taken into account for any photovoltaic installation in this area.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.91434205)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young(Grant No.21525627)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Young(Grant No.LQ18B060001).
文摘Gas phase fluidized bed processes have been widely applied to polyethylene production.In these processes,the flow,mass transfer,and reaction rate on the microscale and macroscale are strongly coupled because of the multiphase and multiscale nature of the fluidization system.Understanding mesoscale phenomena is therefore essential to the quantitative translation of the knowledge obtained from the microscale to the macroscale.This paper reviews the development of ethylene polymerization gas phase processes while focussing on studies regarding mesoscale phenomena.These include experimental characterizations,mathematical modelling and control strategies.Trends and future developments in this field are also discussed.
