Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clu...Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clumped isotope(D47)and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonate minerals filled in pores and fractures,this study ascertained the fracturing timing of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke Gas Field,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Data from outcrops and borehole images show two dominant fracture sets in the study area:W-E and NE-SW striking fractures.Some W-E striking fractures are carbonate-filled,while NE-SW striking fractures lack mineral fillings.Bitumen veins,not easy to be identified in borehole images,are prevalent in cores.The petrographic analysis reveals that these bitumen veins formed before the calcite cementation in pores and display high viscosity and low maturity.Homogenization temperatures(T_(h))from primary fluid inclusion assemblages in two representative calcite vein samples were notably lower than T_(△47) values from corresponding samples.This suggests the △_(47) signature underwent alteration due to partial reordering during burial.Thus,△_(47)-derived temperatures(apparent temperatures)may not faithfully represent the mineral precipitation temperatures.When plotting these apparent temperatures vs.the burial history,only the possible latest ages of fracturing emerged.These ages were further refined by considering petroleum charging,tectonic evolution,and stress orientation.Bitumen-filled fractures likely resulted from the Late Cretaceous uplift,marking the migration of low-maturity hydrocarbons in the study area.Carbonate-filled E-W striking fractures emerged during the late Miocene(~13-6.5 Ma)alongside fold development.NE-striking fractures that crosscut W-E ones possibly formed recently due to stress reorientation.展开更多
为了模拟堆石料三轴压缩实验中颗粒间的咬合作用,提出了一种不改变模型孔隙率、不添加删除颗粒的随机CLUMP颗粒生成方法,并利用该方法进行堆石料细观本构模型参数反演。以蒲石河抽水蓄能电站输水洞开挖出的堆石料三轴压缩实验为例进行计...为了模拟堆石料三轴压缩实验中颗粒间的咬合作用,提出了一种不改变模型孔隙率、不添加删除颗粒的随机CLUMP颗粒生成方法,并利用该方法进行堆石料细观本构模型参数反演。以蒲石河抽水蓄能电站输水洞开挖出的堆石料三轴压缩实验为例进行计算,结果表明:每个CLUMP颗粒由两个球型颗粒构成时计算结果与实验结果吻合最好,各载荷步偏应力相对误差均值为6.31%。随着构成CLUMP颗粒的球型颗粒数量的增加,细观参数中的接触弹性模量随之线性减小,法向刚度与切向刚度之比随之略有增加,而摩擦系数趋于一个常数。使用反演参数对400和600 k Pa围压下的实验结果进行预测,平均相对误差分别为8.29%和10.60%,模拟曲线与实验曲线基本一致,验证了该方法的有效性。展开更多
To properly simulate hard rock with a high ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength(UCS/TS) and realistic strength-failure envelope,the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics were discus...To properly simulate hard rock with a high ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength(UCS/TS) and realistic strength-failure envelope,the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics were discussed in detail when the particle simulation method with the clump parallel-bond model(CPBM) was used to conduct a series of numerical experiments at the specimen scale.Meanwhile,the effects of the loading procedure and crack density on the mechanical behavior of a specimen,which was modeled by the particle simulation method with the CPBM,were investigated.The related numerical results have demonstrated that:1) The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),tensile strength(TS) and elastic modulus are overestimated when the conventional loading procedure is used in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 2) The elastic modulus,strength and UCS/TS decrease,while Poisson ratio increases with the increase of the crack density in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 3) The particle simulation method with the CPBM can be used to reproduce a high value of UCS/TS(>10),as well as a high friction angle and reasonable cohesion strength; 4) As the confining pressure increases,both the peak strength of the simulated specimen and the number of microscopic cracks increase,but the ratio of tensile cracks number to shear cracks number decreases in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 5) Compared with the conventional parallel-bond model,the CPBM can be used to reproduce more accurate results for simulating the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics.展开更多
The humid agroclimatic conditions of Kerala,India permit the cultivation of an array of bamboo species of which Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb.(Nees.) is an important one on account of its high growth rate and multiple u...The humid agroclimatic conditions of Kerala,India permit the cultivation of an array of bamboo species of which Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb.(Nees.) is an important one on account of its high growth rate and multiple uses. Stand density, a potential tool in controlling the productivity of woody ecosystems, its effect on growth and root distribution patterns may provide a better understanding of productivity optimization especially when bamboo-based intercropping options are considered.Growth attributes of 7-year-old bamboo(D. strictus) stands managed at variable spacing(4×4 m, 6×6 m, 8×8 m,10×10 m, 12×12 m) were studied. Functional root activity among bamboo clumps were also studied using a radio tracer soil injection method in which the radio isotopeP was applied to soil at varying depths and lateral distances from the clump. Results indicate that spacing exerts a profound influence on growth of bamboo. Widely spaced bamboo exhibited higher clump diameters and crown widths while clump heights were better under closer spacing. Clump height was 30% lower and DBH 52%higher at the widest spacing(12×12 m) compared to the closest spacing(4×4 m). With increasing soil depth and lateral distance, root activity decreased significantly. Root activity near the clump base was highest(809 counts per minute, cpm; 50 cm depth and 50 cm lateral distance) at 4×4 m. Tracer study further showed wider distribution of root activity with increase in clump spacing. It may be concluded that the intensive foraging zone of bamboo is within a 50-cm radius around the clump irrespective of spacing. N, P and K content in the upper 20 cm was 2197,21, and 203 kg/ha respectively for the closely spaced bamboo(4×4 m) which were significantly higher than corresponding nutrient content at wider spacings. About 50% of N, P and K were present within the 0–20 cm soil layer, which decreased drastically beyond the 20 cm depth.The results suggest that stand management practices through planting density regulation can modify the resource acquisition patterns of D. strictus which in turn can change growth and productivity considerably. Such information on root activities, spatial and temporal strategies of resource sharing will be helpful in deciding the effective nutrition zone for D. strictus. Further, the study throws light on the spatial distribution of non-competitive zones for productivity optimization yields, especially when intercropping practices are considered.展开更多
Isolating rare circulating tumor cells(CTCs)from blood is critical for the downstream analysis that is important in cancer-related research,diagnosis,and medicine,and efforts are ongoing to increase the efficiency and...Isolating rare circulating tumor cells(CTCs)from blood is critical for the downstream analysis that is important in cancer-related research,diagnosis,and medicine,and efforts are ongoing to increase the efficiency and purity of CTC isolation in microfluidics.Reported in this paper is a two-stage integrated microfluidic chip for coarse-to-fine CTC isolation from whole blood.First,blood cells are removed by filtration using a micropore-array membrane,then CTCs and other cells that are trapped in the micropores are peeled off the membrane by a novel release method based on air–liquid interfacial tension,which significantly increases the recovery rate of CTCs.The second stage is CTC capture based on an on-chip dense immuno-magnetic-bead clump,which offers high capture efficiency and purity.Both the micropore filtration and immuno-magnetic-bead capture are validated and optimized experimentally.Overall,the integrated microfluidic chip can realize a recovery rate of 85.5%and a purity of 37.8%for rare cancer cells spiked in whole blood.展开更多
Here we present the study on chemical properties of massive star forming clumps using N2H^+(1-0),H^13CO+(1-0),HCN(1-0)and HN^13C(1-0)data from the literature[Astron.Astrophys.563,A97(2014)].We found that abundances of...Here we present the study on chemical properties of massive star forming clumps using N2H^+(1-0),H^13CO+(1-0),HCN(1-0)and HN^13C(1-0)data from the literature[Astron.Astrophys.563,A97(2014)].We found that abundances of H^13CO+ and HN^13C are a ected by H2 column densities.As the median values of these two abundances increase by nearly 10 times from stages A to B,H^13CO+and HN^13C are suitable for tracing the evolution of massive star forming clumps.The order of rapidity in growth of abundances of all the four studied molecules from stages A to B,is H^13CO^+,HCN,HN^13C,and N2H^+,from the highest to the lowest.Our results suggest that the observing optically thin molecular lines with high angular resolution are necessary to study the chemical evolution of massive star forming clumps.展开更多
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) strains cause the persistent diarrhea in infants and compromised hosts in developing countries. These strains are currently defined as E. coli that adheres to HEp-2 cells in...Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) strains cause the persistent diarrhea in infants and compromised hosts in developing countries. These strains are currently defined as E. coli that adheres to HEp-2 cells in an aggregative adherence (AA) pattern. In this study, we compared 4 different rapid methods for the detection of EAggEC using a PCR assay, clump formation test, glass slide adherence assay, and the HEp-2 cell adherence assay. Out of 683 E. coli strains isolated from diarrheal stool samples, we detected 17 aggR and/or clump-positive strains, and identified 2 aggR-positive, clump-negative strains and 2 aggR-negative, clump-positive strains. All the aggR positive and clump positive strains also showed positive results in glass slide adherence and HEp-2 cell adherence assays. From all these results, we suggest the following procedure for the rapid identification of EAggEC strains: first, screen E. coli strains with the clump formation test and subsequently perform the glass slide adherence assay to observe AA for confirmation.展开更多
Acid extraction methods have been used in the last half century to selectively extract the CO_(2)produced from different carbonate minerals in mixed samples.However,these methods are often time-consuming and labor int...Acid extraction methods have been used in the last half century to selectively extract the CO_(2)produced from different carbonate minerals in mixed samples.However,these methods are often time-consuming and labor intensive.Their application to clumped isotope(Δ47)analysis has not been demonstrated.We propose here an acid extraction method with phosphoric acid for bulk stable and clumped isotope analysis that treats mixtures of calcite and dolomite the same regardless of the proportional composition.CO_(2)evolved from calcite is extracted by allowing a reaction with phosphoric acid to proceed for 10 min at 50℃.We then extract CO_(2)evolved from dolomite by rapid ramping the acid temperature from 50 to 90℃and allowing the reaction to complete.The experimental results show that our method yields accurate calcite and dolomiteΔ_(47)values from mixed samples under different proportional compositions.Our method also displays equal or higher accuracy for calciteδ^(13)C and dolomiteδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O values from mixtures when compared to previous studies.Our approach exhibits higher sample throughput than previous methods,is adequate for clumped isotopic analysis and simplifies the reaction progression from over 24 h to less than 2 h,while maintaining relatively high isotopic obtaining accuracy.It yet poorly resolves calciteδ18O values,as found with previous methods.展开更多
Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.There is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not r...Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.There is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after injury.Human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases.In this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation outcomes.Next,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and clusters.This review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.展开更多
The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-su...The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes.展开更多
Background Platelet （PLT） clumping occurring in pseudothrombocytopenia （PTCP） can result in inaccurate PLT. Automated platelet clump count （APCC） is a quantitative parameter of platelet aggregation. In this stud...Background Platelet （PLT） clumping occurring in pseudothrombocytopenia （PTCP） can result in inaccurate PLT. Automated platelet clump count （APCC） is a quantitative parameter of platelet aggregation. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of APCC in the screening for platelet aggregation related ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA）-dependent PTCP （EDTA-PTCP）. Methods A total of 105 patients and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected with dipotassium EDTA and sodium citrate respectively. ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer was used to perform complete blood count （CBC） and APCC. Blood smears of both EDTA- and citrate-anticoagulated samples were made for microscope observation and manual PLT counting. Results In 25 patients with EDTA-PTCP patients, for EDTA-2K anticoagulated-blood, PLT was （55±6）×10^9/L, significantly lower than citrate anticoagulated blood （（186±13）×10^9/L））. APCC was （905±694）×10^9/L, significantly higher than citrate anticoagulated blood （98±37）×10^9/L. In true thrombocytopenia and healthy control groups, APCC was （63±60）×10^9/L and （69±59）×10^9/L respectively and there was no significant difference between EDTA and citrate anticoagulants. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve showed both sensitivity and specificity of APCC were 96% when the cutoff value of APCC was set as 182×10^9/L. Other platelet parameters had poor performance. Conclusion The APCC has a good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating EDTA-PTCP from true thrombocytopenia compared with other platelet parameters.展开更多
A kind of quick, efficient and season-free inducing embryoid and multiple shoot clumps system from shoot tip meristems that derived from elite inbreds of maize was established. The herbicide-resistant gene a/s (coding...A kind of quick, efficient and season-free inducing embryoid and multiple shoot clumps system from shoot tip meristems that derived from elite inbreds of maize was established. The herbicide-resistant gene a/s (coding Acetolactate synthase) isolated from a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was transferred to tissue pieces of maize multiple shoot clumps by microprojectile bombardment. Herbicide-resistant tissue and regenerants were obtained through selections with herbicide chlorsulfuron. PCR analysis and Southern blot hybridization indicated that gene a/s has been transferred to some regenerants. The test of spraying chlorsulfuron displayed that the transgenic plantlets and R1 plants had favorable herbicide-resistant trait. We have established a new genotype-free system of maize which could rapidly and efficiently produce large quantities of transgenic plantlets.展开更多
Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications...Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates are still scarce because the existed organic and/or sulfur contaminants in such samples interfere with clumped isotope analysis and cause notable temperature biases.Therefore,exploring an effective way to remove contamination is a prerequisite to widely applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lake sediments.By pretreating fine-grained endogenic carbonates from Dali lake sediments with hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations for different lengths of time,we conducted a series of conditional experiments to seek the optimal pretreatment condition for clumped isotope analysis.Δ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter were obtained from clumped isotope measurements to assess the effect of contamination removal.Results showed that untreated samples("0%-0")had a very high 49 parameter.After the treatment with hydrogen peroxide,the 49 parameter was significantly reduced while theΔ48 offset evidently increased.TheΔ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter of samples pretreated under different conditions showed significant variability,even though the measuredΔ47 temperatures changed within a relatively narrow range(i.e.,from 17.0±1.3 to 22.8±1.6°C).Among various treated samples,the sample"3%-8"yielded a smallerΔ48 offset and 49 parameter,and lowerΔ47 temperature of 17.0±1.3°C.Therefore,"reacting with 3%hydrogen peroxide for 8 h"was suggested to be the optimal condition for removing contaminants from lacustrine endogenic carbonates prior to clumped isotope analysis.At the time when the pretreatment condition was too intense(i.e.,H2O2 concentration>3%and/or reaction time>8 h),secondary contaminants might have been generated in the closed reaction system,whose ultimately transformed state may interfere with masses 47,48.Using the optimal pretreatment procedure,we obtained reasonableΔ47 temperature changes during the last deglaciation and found a temperature decrease of about 6°C in Northern China during the Younger Dryas period.Our study demonstrates a great potential of applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates for paleo-temperature and paleo-elevation reconstructions in the future.展开更多
基金funded by the PetroChina Major Research Program on Deep Petroleum System in the Tarim Basin(No.ZD 2019-183-01-003)the Major Research Project on the Tethys Geodynamic System from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92055204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072134).
文摘Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clumped isotope(D47)and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonate minerals filled in pores and fractures,this study ascertained the fracturing timing of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke Gas Field,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Data from outcrops and borehole images show two dominant fracture sets in the study area:W-E and NE-SW striking fractures.Some W-E striking fractures are carbonate-filled,while NE-SW striking fractures lack mineral fillings.Bitumen veins,not easy to be identified in borehole images,are prevalent in cores.The petrographic analysis reveals that these bitumen veins formed before the calcite cementation in pores and display high viscosity and low maturity.Homogenization temperatures(T_(h))from primary fluid inclusion assemblages in two representative calcite vein samples were notably lower than T_(△47) values from corresponding samples.This suggests the △_(47) signature underwent alteration due to partial reordering during burial.Thus,△_(47)-derived temperatures(apparent temperatures)may not faithfully represent the mineral precipitation temperatures.When plotting these apparent temperatures vs.the burial history,only the possible latest ages of fracturing emerged.These ages were further refined by considering petroleum charging,tectonic evolution,and stress orientation.Bitumen-filled fractures likely resulted from the Late Cretaceous uplift,marking the migration of low-maturity hydrocarbons in the study area.Carbonate-filled E-W striking fractures emerged during the late Miocene(~13-6.5 Ma)alongside fold development.NE-striking fractures that crosscut W-E ones possibly formed recently due to stress reorientation.
文摘为了模拟堆石料三轴压缩实验中颗粒间的咬合作用,提出了一种不改变模型孔隙率、不添加删除颗粒的随机CLUMP颗粒生成方法,并利用该方法进行堆石料细观本构模型参数反演。以蒲石河抽水蓄能电站输水洞开挖出的堆石料三轴压缩实验为例进行计算,结果表明:每个CLUMP颗粒由两个球型颗粒构成时计算结果与实验结果吻合最好,各载荷步偏应力相对误差均值为6.31%。随着构成CLUMP颗粒的球型颗粒数量的增加,细观参数中的接触弹性模量随之线性减小,法向刚度与切向刚度之比随之略有增加,而摩擦系数趋于一个常数。使用反演参数对400和600 k Pa围压下的实验结果进行预测,平均相对误差分别为8.29%和10.60%,模拟曲线与实验曲线基本一致,验证了该方法的有效性。
基金Project(11272359) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To properly simulate hard rock with a high ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength(UCS/TS) and realistic strength-failure envelope,the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics were discussed in detail when the particle simulation method with the clump parallel-bond model(CPBM) was used to conduct a series of numerical experiments at the specimen scale.Meanwhile,the effects of the loading procedure and crack density on the mechanical behavior of a specimen,which was modeled by the particle simulation method with the CPBM,were investigated.The related numerical results have demonstrated that:1) The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),tensile strength(TS) and elastic modulus are overestimated when the conventional loading procedure is used in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 2) The elastic modulus,strength and UCS/TS decrease,while Poisson ratio increases with the increase of the crack density in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 3) The particle simulation method with the CPBM can be used to reproduce a high value of UCS/TS(>10),as well as a high friction angle and reasonable cohesion strength; 4) As the confining pressure increases,both the peak strength of the simulated specimen and the number of microscopic cracks increase,but the ratio of tensile cracks number to shear cracks number decreases in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 5) Compared with the conventional parallel-bond model,the CPBM can be used to reproduce more accurate results for simulating the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics.
基金financially supported by the Kerala Agricultural University
文摘The humid agroclimatic conditions of Kerala,India permit the cultivation of an array of bamboo species of which Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb.(Nees.) is an important one on account of its high growth rate and multiple uses. Stand density, a potential tool in controlling the productivity of woody ecosystems, its effect on growth and root distribution patterns may provide a better understanding of productivity optimization especially when bamboo-based intercropping options are considered.Growth attributes of 7-year-old bamboo(D. strictus) stands managed at variable spacing(4×4 m, 6×6 m, 8×8 m,10×10 m, 12×12 m) were studied. Functional root activity among bamboo clumps were also studied using a radio tracer soil injection method in which the radio isotopeP was applied to soil at varying depths and lateral distances from the clump. Results indicate that spacing exerts a profound influence on growth of bamboo. Widely spaced bamboo exhibited higher clump diameters and crown widths while clump heights were better under closer spacing. Clump height was 30% lower and DBH 52%higher at the widest spacing(12×12 m) compared to the closest spacing(4×4 m). With increasing soil depth and lateral distance, root activity decreased significantly. Root activity near the clump base was highest(809 counts per minute, cpm; 50 cm depth and 50 cm lateral distance) at 4×4 m. Tracer study further showed wider distribution of root activity with increase in clump spacing. It may be concluded that the intensive foraging zone of bamboo is within a 50-cm radius around the clump irrespective of spacing. N, P and K content in the upper 20 cm was 2197,21, and 203 kg/ha respectively for the closely spaced bamboo(4×4 m) which were significantly higher than corresponding nutrient content at wider spacings. About 50% of N, P and K were present within the 0–20 cm soil layer, which decreased drastically beyond the 20 cm depth.The results suggest that stand management practices through planting density regulation can modify the resource acquisition patterns of D. strictus which in turn can change growth and productivity considerably. Such information on root activities, spatial and temporal strategies of resource sharing will be helpful in deciding the effective nutrition zone for D. strictus. Further, the study throws light on the spatial distribution of non-competitive zones for productivity optimization yields, especially when intercropping practices are considered.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61774095 and 21727813)the Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment.
文摘Isolating rare circulating tumor cells(CTCs)from blood is critical for the downstream analysis that is important in cancer-related research,diagnosis,and medicine,and efforts are ongoing to increase the efficiency and purity of CTC isolation in microfluidics.Reported in this paper is a two-stage integrated microfluidic chip for coarse-to-fine CTC isolation from whole blood.First,blood cells are removed by filtration using a micropore-array membrane,then CTCs and other cells that are trapped in the micropores are peeled off the membrane by a novel release method based on air–liquid interfacial tension,which significantly increases the recovery rate of CTCs.The second stage is CTC capture based on an on-chip dense immuno-magnetic-bead clump,which offers high capture efficiency and purity.Both the micropore filtration and immuno-magnetic-bead capture are validated and optimized experimentally.Overall,the integrated microfluidic chip can realize a recovery rate of 85.5%and a purity of 37.8%for rare cancer cells spiked in whole blood.
基金the Open Program of the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2019D04023)the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.11973076)+1 种基金the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.11433008,No.11603063,No.11703074 and No.11703073)the CAS"Light of West China"Program(No.2018-XBQNXZ-B-024,No.2016-QNXZB-23,and No.2016-QNXZ-B-22).
文摘Here we present the study on chemical properties of massive star forming clumps using N2H^+(1-0),H^13CO+(1-0),HCN(1-0)and HN^13C(1-0)data from the literature[Astron.Astrophys.563,A97(2014)].We found that abundances of H^13CO+ and HN^13C are a ected by H2 column densities.As the median values of these two abundances increase by nearly 10 times from stages A to B,H^13CO+and HN^13C are suitable for tracing the evolution of massive star forming clumps.The order of rapidity in growth of abundances of all the four studied molecules from stages A to B,is H^13CO^+,HCN,HN^13C,and N2H^+,from the highest to the lowest.Our results suggest that the observing optically thin molecular lines with high angular resolution are necessary to study the chemical evolution of massive star forming clumps.
文摘Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) strains cause the persistent diarrhea in infants and compromised hosts in developing countries. These strains are currently defined as E. coli that adheres to HEp-2 cells in an aggregative adherence (AA) pattern. In this study, we compared 4 different rapid methods for the detection of EAggEC using a PCR assay, clump formation test, glass slide adherence assay, and the HEp-2 cell adherence assay. Out of 683 E. coli strains isolated from diarrheal stool samples, we detected 17 aggR and/or clump-positive strains, and identified 2 aggR-positive, clump-negative strains and 2 aggR-negative, clump-positive strains. All the aggR positive and clump positive strains also showed positive results in glass slide adherence and HEp-2 cell adherence assays. From all these results, we suggest the following procedure for the rapid identification of EAggEC strains: first, screen E. coli strains with the clump formation test and subsequently perform the glass slide adherence assay to observe AA for confirmation.
基金funded by the fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M682134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872149,42076220)the Shandong Postdoctoral Innovation Research Project。
文摘Acid extraction methods have been used in the last half century to selectively extract the CO_(2)produced from different carbonate minerals in mixed samples.However,these methods are often time-consuming and labor intensive.Their application to clumped isotope(Δ47)analysis has not been demonstrated.We propose here an acid extraction method with phosphoric acid for bulk stable and clumped isotope analysis that treats mixtures of calcite and dolomite the same regardless of the proportional composition.CO_(2)evolved from calcite is extracted by allowing a reaction with phosphoric acid to proceed for 10 min at 50℃.We then extract CO_(2)evolved from dolomite by rapid ramping the acid temperature from 50 to 90℃and allowing the reaction to complete.The experimental results show that our method yields accurate calcite and dolomiteΔ_(47)values from mixed samples under different proportional compositions.Our method also displays equal or higher accuracy for calciteδ^(13)C and dolomiteδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O values from mixtures when compared to previous studies.Our approach exhibits higher sample throughput than previous methods,is adequate for clumped isotopic analysis and simplifies the reaction progression from over 24 h to less than 2 h,while maintaining relatively high isotopic obtaining accuracy.It yet poorly resolves calciteδ18O values,as found with previous methods.
基金supported by NIH Core Grants P30-EY008098the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburghunrestricted grants from Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,NY,USA(to KCC)。
文摘Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.There is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after injury.Human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases.In this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation outcomes.Next,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and clusters.This review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
文摘The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes.
文摘Background Platelet （PLT） clumping occurring in pseudothrombocytopenia （PTCP） can result in inaccurate PLT. Automated platelet clump count （APCC） is a quantitative parameter of platelet aggregation. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of APCC in the screening for platelet aggregation related ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA）-dependent PTCP （EDTA-PTCP）. Methods A total of 105 patients and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected with dipotassium EDTA and sodium citrate respectively. ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer was used to perform complete blood count （CBC） and APCC. Blood smears of both EDTA- and citrate-anticoagulated samples were made for microscope observation and manual PLT counting. Results In 25 patients with EDTA-PTCP patients, for EDTA-2K anticoagulated-blood, PLT was （55±6）×10^9/L, significantly lower than citrate anticoagulated blood （（186±13）×10^9/L））. APCC was （905±694）×10^9/L, significantly higher than citrate anticoagulated blood （98±37）×10^9/L. In true thrombocytopenia and healthy control groups, APCC was （63±60）×10^9/L and （69±59）×10^9/L respectively and there was no significant difference between EDTA and citrate anticoagulants. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve showed both sensitivity and specificity of APCC were 96% when the cutoff value of APCC was set as 182×10^9/L. Other platelet parameters had poor performance. Conclusion The APCC has a good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating EDTA-PTCP from true thrombocytopenia compared with other platelet parameters.
基金This work was supported by the National "863" Project and Key Items of Scientific Technique Research from the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘A kind of quick, efficient and season-free inducing embryoid and multiple shoot clumps system from shoot tip meristems that derived from elite inbreds of maize was established. The herbicide-resistant gene a/s (coding Acetolactate synthase) isolated from a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was transferred to tissue pieces of maize multiple shoot clumps by microprojectile bombardment. Herbicide-resistant tissue and regenerants were obtained through selections with herbicide chlorsulfuron. PCR analysis and Southern blot hybridization indicated that gene a/s has been transferred to some regenerants. The test of spraying chlorsulfuron displayed that the transgenic plantlets and R1 plants had favorable herbicide-resistant trait. We have established a new genotype-free system of maize which could rapidly and efficiently produce large quantities of transgenic plantlets.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grants Nos.XDA19050104 and XDB26000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603400)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41931181&41672166)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,CAS(Grant No.IGGCAS-201905)。
文摘Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates are still scarce because the existed organic and/or sulfur contaminants in such samples interfere with clumped isotope analysis and cause notable temperature biases.Therefore,exploring an effective way to remove contamination is a prerequisite to widely applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lake sediments.By pretreating fine-grained endogenic carbonates from Dali lake sediments with hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations for different lengths of time,we conducted a series of conditional experiments to seek the optimal pretreatment condition for clumped isotope analysis.Δ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter were obtained from clumped isotope measurements to assess the effect of contamination removal.Results showed that untreated samples("0%-0")had a very high 49 parameter.After the treatment with hydrogen peroxide,the 49 parameter was significantly reduced while theΔ48 offset evidently increased.TheΔ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter of samples pretreated under different conditions showed significant variability,even though the measuredΔ47 temperatures changed within a relatively narrow range(i.e.,from 17.0±1.3 to 22.8±1.6°C).Among various treated samples,the sample"3%-8"yielded a smallerΔ48 offset and 49 parameter,and lowerΔ47 temperature of 17.0±1.3°C.Therefore,"reacting with 3%hydrogen peroxide for 8 h"was suggested to be the optimal condition for removing contaminants from lacustrine endogenic carbonates prior to clumped isotope analysis.At the time when the pretreatment condition was too intense(i.e.,H2O2 concentration>3%and/or reaction time>8 h),secondary contaminants might have been generated in the closed reaction system,whose ultimately transformed state may interfere with masses 47,48.Using the optimal pretreatment procedure,we obtained reasonableΔ47 temperature changes during the last deglaciation and found a temperature decrease of about 6°C in Northern China during the Younger Dryas period.Our study demonstrates a great potential of applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates for paleo-temperature and paleo-elevation reconstructions in the future.
文摘植被聚集指数(clumping index,CI(Ω))是表征植被冠层聚集程度的重要结构参数,由于其定量化研究起步较晚,导致对CI季相变化特征的研究不充分,结论争议较大.为此,本文基于长时间序列的MODIS CI产品,从北半球中高纬度植被物候特征敏感区,在13个国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)类型中,优选了84个高质量的代表性像元,开展典型像元CI季相变化特征的案例研究.以归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)作为对比,提出改进的动态阈值法,结合离散Fourier变换方法,分别提取不同地类的生长季开始时间(start of season,SOS)及生长季结束时间(end of season,EOS),最终建立北半球中高纬度各地类生长季与休眠期的经验Ω.结果表明:CI具有较为明显的物候变化规律及季节变化特征,甚至能够识别出耕地的一年两熟迹象,但相对于NDVI相对稳定的季相变化特征,大部分地类的CI表现出较大的变化和不确定性,其中,SOS和EOS多分别在第100和第300天左右变化,生长季则多维持在200d左右;提取物候特征参数的最佳阈值随提取时期、地物类别的变化而变化,其中提取SOS和EOS的最佳阈值多集中在40%~80%和80%~90%;经验Ω呈现出针叶林的聚集效应最强,耕地的聚集效应最弱的特征.本研究对于揭示不同地类CI季相特征及相关应用研究提供了有用的证据和参考.
